Unit 6 Crossing Cultures（单元同步写作讲义）英语新教材鲁教版八年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语“文化习俗”主题写作，围绕“人与社会”范畴，构建从素材积累到实战应用的完整学习支架。通过词汇（如custom、chopstick）、句式（开头句“Different countries have different customs”等）及佳句仿写（如it's+adj.+to do sth结构）夯实基础，结合外国网友提问范例解析餐桌礼仪等具体场景，再以8个分层写作任务（如邮件介绍礼仪、校园文明征文）提升综合运用能力。 该资料以文化意识培育为核心，通过对比中外习俗（如中国餐桌敬老与法国聚会守时）引导学生尊重文化多样性，结合思维导图梳理知识框架助力思维品质提升。鲜活素材库与范例赏析为语言能力发展提供支撑，课中教师可依托任务驱动教学，课后学生能通过仿写练习与实战任务查漏补缺，实现跨文化认知与书面表达能力的协同发展。

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与社会”范畴，单元话题为“文化习俗”。 本单元写作旨在引导学生感知不同国家、地区独特的文化风俗，建立文化包容意识，学会客观对比、记录多元文化差异，是落实跨文化认知的核心书面实践活动。学生通过文字描述中外节日礼仪、生活习俗、社交禁忌等内容，能够理性看待文化多样性，建立尊重差异、文明交流的思维。 词汇积累 试卷第1页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.custom习俗 2.chopstick 筷子 3.kiss亲吻 4.hug 拥抱 5.arrive at/in 到达 6.stick...into...把...插入 7.look forward to 盼望 8.on time 准时 句式积累 开头句： 1.Different countries have different customs.不同国家有不同的习俗。 2.It is very helpfu1 for us to learn about the customs of other countries.了解其他国家的习俗对我们来说很有帮助。 中间句： 1.In China. it is a tradition to bring a small gift when visiting friends.在中国，拜访朋友时带一份小礼物是一种传统。 2.In France. it's normal to be on time or a few minutes late when attending a party.在法国，参加聚会时准时或晚几分钟到是正常的。 结尾句： 1.We should respect the manners of other cultures.我们应该尊重其他文化的礼仪。 2.Learning about these customs can help us communicate better with people from different Cultures.了解这些习俗能帮助我们与来自不同文化的人更好地交流。 3.Only by respecting cultural differences can we build good relationships in cross cultural Communication.只有尊重文化差异，我们才能在跨文化交际中建立良好的关系。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句：Second, it’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone.(it's+adj.+todo sth) 仿写：边吃饭边说话是不礼貌的。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句： Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can.(make sure) 仿写：确保你遵守那个国家的习俗。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句： I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon!(look forward to) 仿写：多亏了大家的努力，我们才能按时完成工作。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 典例 社交媒体上，越来越多外国友人对我国的习俗文化感兴趣，以下是两位外国网友的提问，请根据提示写一篇短文回复。 User 1 Hey! I’m going to have dinner with a Chinese family during the Dragon Boat Festival. I wonder why Chinese people always wait for elders to eat first. What other table manners should I follow? Why are these dining manners so important? User 2 Hi! I’m going to visit my Chinese classmate’s home next week. I want to bring a small gift. What gifts are suitable and what gifts should I avoid? Could you give me some tips for being a polite visitor? Please choose ONE foreigner and answer all of his/her questions in your reply. 要求： 1. 文中不得提及真实的校名、人名等信息。 2. 内容全面，语言通顺，条理清晰，书写规范。 3. 词数70词左右，文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear friend, It is great that you are interested in Chinese customs. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题 ①确定文体：介绍性说明文，用一般现在时为主 ②明确要点：中国餐桌习俗（敬老用餐礼仪、筷子禁忌），习俗的意义与价值，节日用餐祝福 ③确定人称：第二人称(you/your)、第一人称复数(we/our) 注意事项：语言简洁地道，准确传递中华传统礼仪文化，语句通俗易懂 谋篇布局 开头 总起引入，点明对方对中国习俗感兴趣，开启话题 中间 详细介绍核心餐桌礼仪规范，阐释礼仪蕴含的传统美德与作用 结尾 送上端午晚餐美好祝福，结束全文 佳作展示 User 1 Dear friend, It is great that you are interested in Chinese customs. We respect the elderly deeply, so we let elders start eating first to show our love and good manners. Besides, don’t stick chopsticks straight in rice and try not to tap bowls. These rules carry our traditional virtue of politeness. They help people get along warmly and show respect to each other, making family meals full of warmth. Wish you a wonderful Dragon Boat Festival dinner! User 2 Dear friend, It is great that you are interested in Chinese customs. It’s thoughtful of you to prepare a small gift before visiting your classmate’s home. You can bring local snacks or fresh flowers as gifts, but avoid clocks or pears, as they have unlucky meanings in Chinese culture. When visiting, remember to knock before entering and greet the family politely. It’s also good to offer a hand when needed. Being polite and natural is the key to being a welcome guest. 佳作赏析 要点一：敬老餐桌礼仪 礼仪规范：start eating first/follow traditional customs/obey dining etiquette/prioritize elders等 礼仪内涵：show love/show good manners/respect the elderly/express sincerity/demonstrate politeness/convey kindness等 文化意义：carry traditional virtue/show mutual respect/make meals warm/inherit fine traditions/promote harmonious atmosphere/strengthen family bonds等 要点二：筷子使用禁忌 禁忌行为：stick chopsticks straight in rice/tap bowls/wave chopsticks casually/knock tableware/place chopsticks randomly等 行为准则：follow dining rules/abide by etiquette/standardize table behavior/observe civilized dining habits/keep table manners等 礼仪价值：avoid impolite behavior/uphold traditional politeness/maintain dining etiquette/respect traditional culture/avoid taboo acts等 要点三：节日美好祝愿 祝福对象：friend/guest/foreign friend/visitor/companion等 祝福内容：a wonderful dinner/happy festival/enjoy festival food/have a pleasant time/experience traditional festival culture等 作用效果：enrich ending content/express warm wishes/echo the festival theme/perfect article structure/improve emotional expression/highlight cultural characteristics等 （一） 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike即将来中国参加研学活动，他对中国的社交与餐桌礼仪不太了解，请你给他写一封邮件，为他介绍相关礼仪并给出建议。 内容要点： 1. 日常交往：礼貌问候，避免私人话题； 2. 餐桌礼仪：礼让长辈，规范使用筷子； 3. 个人建议：尊重文化差异，保持自信； 4. 表达期待与祝福。 注意： 1. 内容必须包含要点提示中的所有信息； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 词数80词左右。 Dear Mike, I’m glad to hear that you are coming to China. Let me tell you some customs in China. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua （二） 假如你是腾飞，本校英文广播站正开展以“Be a Polite Teenager”为主题的征文活动，请你结合提示和自身实际写一篇短文投稿，给出自己的建议，并号召同学们注意举止文明。 内容包括： 1. Describe why to be polite; 2. Talk about how to be polite (at school; at home; in public places); 3. Ask others to be polite. 要求： 1.词数不少于70词； 2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 Be a Polite Teenager ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） 俗话说：“人无礼则不立”。良好的礼仪是学生必备的素养，假设你们学校近期开展“文明校园”主题活动。请你以Good manners in our school为题写一篇英语短文，向全校同学介绍校园礼仪。 写作要点：1．与老师、同学相处时应当遵守的礼貌; 2．在图书馆、食堂需要注意的行为规范; 3．公共场合中应有的礼貌行为等。 写作要求：1．词数70-90; 2．语句通顺，语法正确，用词简单; 3．文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （四） 随着我们国家的强盛，越来越多的外国人想了解中国。假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Mike就是其中之一，他打算暑假来华旅行和探亲。在来中国之前，他给你发来邮件，询问中国日常生活中的基本礼仪，如见面礼仪、餐桌礼仪等，请你用英语回复一封邮件，介绍你所知道的相关礼仪。 内容要点： 1.见面礼仪； 2.做客伴礼； 3.餐桌规矩； 4.聊天话题。 注意： 1.邮件必须包含所有内容要点，可适当发挥； 2.词数为80左右； 3.可适当增加细节，以便行文连贯； 4.文章开头和结尾已给出，不算入总词数； 5.文章不能出现真实姓名以及学校名称。 参考词汇：manners (n. 礼仪)  chopsticks (n. 筷子)  gifts (n. 礼物) Dear Mike, I’m very happy that you will come to China during your summer vacation. You asked me about Chinese customs. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to your coming and I hope you will have a good time in China. Yours, Li Hua （五） 每个人都会遇到来自不同文化背景的人，他们让我们看到世界的多样性，也让我们学会理解与包容。你校英语社团将举办主题为“Cultures connect us”的英语征文活动，请写一篇短文投稿。 内容要点： * Talk about the benefits of cross-cultural communication * Share a personal experience of getting along with someone from a different culture * Tell what you learned from this experience and how it changed you. 要求： 1. 词数不少于80词； 2. 文中不得出现真实校名、人名。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （六） 中国是礼仪之邦，风俗习惯历史悠久。 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Mike第一次来中国，要去中国家庭做客，但他不了解中国文化习俗，比如餐桌礼仪，因此向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：给他一些关于中国文化礼仪的建议，以及为什么给他这些建议。提示词语：custom, table manners, follow, importance, respect 内容提示：•What advice do you want to give him? •Why do you want to give the advice? Dear Mike, I’m writing to ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua （七） 文明礼仪是个人素养的体现，也是校园和谐的基石。你的学校英文校报正在开展“文明行为”主题征文活动，请你以“Good Manners”为题，结合校园生活实际写一篇英语短文。 内容要点 (必须包含) 1. 礼貌在校园生活中的重要性 2. 列举2–3种校园里的文明行为 3. 谈谈作为中学生，该如何践行文明礼仪、从我做起 写作要求： 1. 文中应包含所有要点，可适当拓展； 2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； 4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： polite (有礼貌的), respect (尊敬), behave (表现), rule (规则) Good Manners     Good manners are very important in our school life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （八） 假如你校英语报正在开展以“Civilization and Etiquette (文明与礼仪)”为主题的征文活动，请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文投稿，谈谈作为中学生，我们应该如何践行文明与礼仪。要点如下： 1．尊重父母和老师； 2．待人礼貌、乐于助人； 3．节约粮食和水资源； 4．补充1-2条你认为重要的文明行为(如遵守公共秩序、不乱扔垃圾等)。 要求：(1) 短文须包含上述要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(2)文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；(3) 词数80左右，短文开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 As middle school students, we should have good manners. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In a word, good manners can make a difference and lead to a better future. $Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与社会”范畴，单元话题为“文化习俗”。 本单元写作旨在引导学生感知不同国家、地区独特的文化风俗，建立文化包容意识，学会客观对比、记录多元文化差异，是落实跨文化认知的核心书面实践活动。学生通过文字描述中外节日礼仪、生活习俗、社交禁忌等内容，能够理性看待文化多样性，建立尊重差异、文明交流的思维。 词汇积累 试卷第1页，共18页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.custom习俗 2.chopstick 筷子 3.kiss亲吻 4.hug 拥抱 5.arrive at/in 到达 6.stick...into...把...插入 7.look forward to 盼望 8.on time 准时 句式积累 开头句： 1.Different countries have different customs.不同国家有不同的习俗。 2.It is very helpfu1 for us to learn about the customs of other countries.了解其他国家的习俗对我们来说很有帮助。 中间句： 1.In China. it is a tradition to bring a small gift when visiting friends.在中国，拜访朋友时带一份小礼物是一种传统。 2.In France. it's normal to be on time or a few minutes late when attending a party.在法国，参加聚会时准时或晚几分钟到是正常的。 结尾句： 1.We should respect the manners of other cultures.我们应该尊重其他文化的礼仪。 2.Learning about these customs can help us communicate better with people from different Cultures.了解这些习俗能帮助我们与来自不同文化的人更好地交流。 3.Only by respecting cultural differences can we build good relationships in cross cultural Communication.只有尊重文化差异，我们才能在跨文化交际中建立良好的关系。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句：Second, it’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone.(it's+adj.+todo sth) 仿写：边吃饭边说话是不礼貌的。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句： Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can.(make sure) 仿写：确保你遵守那个国家的习俗。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句： I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon!(look forward to) 仿写：多亏了大家的努力，我们才能按时完成工作。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.It’ s impolite to talk while eating 2. Make sure you follow the customs of that country. 3. I look forward to knowing more about the customs in Western countries. 典例 社交媒体上，越来越多外国友人对我国的习俗文化感兴趣，以下是两位外国网友的提问，请根据提示写一篇短文回复。 User 1 Hey! I’m going to have dinner with a Chinese family during the Dragon Boat Festival. I wonder why Chinese people always wait for elders to eat first. What other table manners should I follow? Why are these dining manners so important? User 2 Hi! I’m going to visit my Chinese classmate’s home next week. I want to bring a small gift. What gifts are suitable and what gifts should I avoid? Could you give me some tips for being a polite visitor? Please choose ONE foreigner and answer all of his/her questions in your reply. 要求： 1. 文中不得提及真实的校名、人名等信息。 2. 内容全面，语言通顺，条理清晰，书写规范。 3. 词数70词左右，文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear friend, It is great that you are interested in Chinese customs. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题 ①确定文体：介绍性说明文，用一般现在时为主 ②明确要点：中国餐桌习俗（敬老用餐礼仪、筷子禁忌），习俗的意义与价值，节日用餐祝福 ③确定人称：第二人称(you/your)、第一人称复数(we/our) 注意事项：语言简洁地道，准确传递中华传统礼仪文化，语句通俗易懂 谋篇布局 开头 总起引入，点明对方对中国习俗感兴趣，开启话题 中间 详细介绍核心餐桌礼仪规范，阐释礼仪蕴含的传统美德与作用 结尾 送上端午晚餐美好祝福，结束全文 佳作展示 User 1 Dear friend, It is great that you are interested in Chinese customs. We respect the elderly deeply, so we let elders start eating first to show our love and good manners. Besides, don’t stick chopsticks straight in rice and try not to tap bowls. These rules carry our traditional virtue of politeness. They help people get along warmly and show respect to each other, making family meals full of warmth. Wish you a wonderful Dragon Boat Festival dinner! User 2 Dear friend, It is great that you are interested in Chinese customs. It’s thoughtful of you to prepare a small gift before visiting your classmate’s home. You can bring local snacks or fresh flowers as gifts, but avoid clocks or pears, as they have unlucky meanings in Chinese culture. When visiting, remember to knock before entering and greet the family politely. It’s also good to offer a hand when needed. Being polite and natural is the key to being a welcome guest. 佳作赏析 要点一：敬老餐桌礼仪 礼仪规范：start eating first/follow traditional customs/obey dining etiquette/prioritize elders等 礼仪内涵：show love/show good manners/respect the elderly/express sincerity/demonstrate politeness/convey kindness等 文化意义：carry traditional virtue/show mutual respect/make meals warm/inherit fine traditions/promote harmonious atmosphere/strengthen family bonds等 要点二：筷子使用禁忌 禁忌行为：stick chopsticks straight in rice/tap bowls/wave chopsticks casually/knock tableware/place chopsticks randomly等 行为准则：follow dining rules/abide by etiquette/standardize table behavior/observe civilized dining habits/keep table manners等 礼仪价值：avoid impolite behavior/uphold traditional politeness/maintain dining etiquette/respect traditional culture/avoid taboo acts等 要点三：节日美好祝愿 祝福对象：friend/guest/foreign friend/visitor/companion等 祝福内容：a wonderful dinner/happy festival/enjoy festival food/have a pleasant time/experience traditional festival culture等 作用效果：enrich ending content/express warm wishes/echo the festival theme/perfect article structure/improve emotional expression/highlight cultural characteristics等 （一） 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike即将来中国参加研学活动，他对中国的社交与餐桌礼仪不太了解，请你给他写一封邮件，为他介绍相关礼仪并给出建议。 内容要点： 1. 日常交往：礼貌问候，避免私人话题； 2. 餐桌礼仪：礼让长辈，规范使用筷子； 3. 个人建议：尊重文化差异，保持自信； 4. 表达期待与祝福。 注意： 1. 内容必须包含要点提示中的所有信息； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 词数80词左右。 Dear Mike, I’m glad to hear that you are coming to China. Let me tell you some customs in China. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 例文 Dear Mike, I’m glad to hear that you are coming to China. Let me tell you some customs in China. When you come to China, please keep these basic social manners in mind. First, greet local people politely and never ask private questions such as age, salary or family conditions. Second, at the dinner table, always let elders start eating first. Use chopsticks properly and never point at others with them. Third, respect cultural differences, stay confident, be yourself and fully enjoy your stay.          I sincerely hope you will have a wonderful and unforgettable study tour. Warmly welcome to China! Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文（书信体），用一般现在时为主 明确要点：日常交往（礼貌问候、避免私人话题）、餐桌礼仪（礼让长辈、规范使用筷子）、个人建议（尊重差异、保持自信）、表达期待与祝福 确定人称：第一人称（I/my），第二人称（you/your） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名与学校名称；注意书信格式（称呼、落款） [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，表明写信目的（介绍中国习俗） 主体段：分别介绍日常交往礼仪、餐桌礼仪、个人建议 结尾段：表达期待与祝福 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：日常交往 礼貌问候：greet local people politely/say hello in a friendly way/give a warm smile/use proper titles like “Mr.” or “Ms.” 避免私人话题：never ask private questions such as age, salary or family conditions/avoid talking about personal matters/don’t ask about income or marriage/discuss safe topics like hobbies or weather 要点二：餐桌礼仪 礼让长辈：let elders start eating first/wait for the oldest person to begin/show respect to the elderly/offer the best dishes to seniors 规范使用筷子：use chopsticks properly and never point at others with them/don’t stick chopsticks upright in rice/don’t use chopsticks to move bowls/learn basic chopstick manners before the trip 要点三：个人建议 尊重差异：respect cultural differences/understand that customs may be different from yours/keep an open mind 保持自信：stay confident, be yourself and fully enjoy your stay/don’t be nervous about making mistakes/feel free to ask for help when unsure/enjoy the new experience with confidence 要点四：表达期待与祝福 期待与祝福：I sincerely hope you will have a wonderful and unforgettable study tour. Warmly welcome to China!/I am looking forward to your arrival/wish you a pleasant journey/hope you will love Chinese culture/have a great time in China （二） 假如你是腾飞，本校英文广播站正开展以“Be a Polite Teenager”为主题的征文活动，请你结合提示和自身实际写一篇短文投稿，给出自己的建议，并号召同学们注意举止文明。 内容包括： 1. Describe why to be polite; 2. Talk about how to be polite (at school; at home; in public places); 3. Ask others to be polite. 要求： 1.词数不少于70词； 2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 Be a Polite Teenager ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A possible version: Be a Polite Teenager Why should we be polite? Good manners show respect and help us build good relationships with others. As teenagers, we can start with small polite actions every day. At school, we should greet teachers warmly and raise hands before speaking. At home, wait for elders to eat first and never shout at parents. In public, keep quiet and speak softly. Politeness warms the world. Let’s use “please”, “thank you” and “sorry” often. Be polite teenagers and make our city better! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：议论类应用文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：说明讲礼貌的原因、分场景谈论礼貌做法、号召大家文明有礼 确定人称：第一人称we/our 注意事项：词数不少于70词，文中不得出现真实人名、校名 [第二步：构思布局] 采用三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，点明礼貌的意义，引出青少年要从小事践行礼貌 主体段：分学校、家庭、公共场所三个场景，介绍不同场合的礼貌行为 结尾段：发出倡议，呼吁大家做文明青少年，升华主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：Describe why to be polite 核心观点：show respect/express kindness等 作用影响：build good relationships/get on well with others等 行文过渡：As teenagers/In daily life等 要点二：Talk about how to be polite (at school; at home; in public places) 校园礼仪：greet teachers/put up hands before speaking等 家庭礼仪：wait for elders to eat first/be gentle to parents等 公共场合礼仪：keep quiet and speak softly/not talk loudly等 要点三：Ask others to be polite 礼貌用语：use “please”/say “thank you”/say “sorry”等 倡议表达：make our city better/Let’s be polite teenagers/Start with small polite acts等 升华句：politeness warms the world/make the world warmer等 （三） 俗话说：“人无礼则不立”。良好的礼仪是学生必备的素养，假设你们学校近期开展“文明校园”主题活动。请你以Good manners in our school为题写一篇英语短文，向全校同学介绍校园礼仪。 写作要点：1．与老师、同学相处时应当遵守的礼貌; 2．在图书馆、食堂需要注意的行为规范; 3．公共场合中应有的礼貌行为等。 写作要求：1．词数70-90; 2．语句通顺，语法正确，用词简单; 3．文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Good Manners in Our School Good manners are important for every student. We should always behave politely at school. First, respect teachers and classmates. Greet teachers warmly, never cut in on others, and talk patiently instead of shouting when we disagree. Second, follow rules in the library and school dining hall. Keep quiet there, wait in line for meals, and leave no rubbish on tables. Third, take care of our public things and offer seats to people in need. Good manners help us get on well with others. Let’s all keep good manners at school. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文（校园主题倡议短文），以一般现在时为主 明确要点：分别说明师生相处礼仪、图书馆与食堂行为规范、公共场合礼貌行为三大类校园礼仪 确定人称：以第一人称复数we行文，面向全体同学发出倡议 注意事项：词数70-90词，语句通顺用词简单，不得出现真实姓名和校名 [第二步：构思布局] 开头：总起点明文明礼仪对学生的重要性，提出在校应当举止文明的核心观点 主体：用First/Second/Third分条呈现三类礼仪：第一类写师生与同学相处的礼貌准则；第二类写图书馆、食堂两个场景的具体规则；第三类写爱护公物、主动让座等公共场合礼仪 结尾：总结文明礼仪的意义，呼吁大家在校坚持践行文明礼仪，呼应主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：师生同学相处礼仪 核心短语：respect teachers and classmates/greet teachers warmly/never cut in on others/talk patiently instead of shouting/be polite to teachers and classmates/say hello to teachers/never interrupt others/communicate calmly 要点二：图书馆与食堂规范 核心短语：keep quiet in the library/wait in line in the dining hall/leave no rubbish on tables/keep silent in the library/queue up for meals/keep the dining table clean 要点三：公共场合礼仪 核心短语：take care of public things/offer seats to people in need/protect public facilities/give seats to people in need （四） 随着我们国家的强盛，越来越多的外国人想了解中国。假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Mike就是其中之一，他打算暑假来华旅行和探亲。在来中国之前，他给你发来邮件，询问中国日常生活中的基本礼仪，如见面礼仪、餐桌礼仪等，请你用英语回复一封邮件，介绍你所知道的相关礼仪。 内容要点： 1.见面礼仪； 2.做客伴礼； 3.餐桌规矩； 4.聊天话题。 注意： 1.邮件必须包含所有内容要点，可适当发挥； 2.词数为80左右； 3.可适当增加细节，以便行文连贯； 4.文章开头和结尾已给出，不算入总词数； 5.文章不能出现真实姓名以及学校名称。 参考词汇：manners (n. 礼仪)  chopsticks (n. 筷子)  gifts (n. 礼物) Dear Mike, I’m very happy that you will come to China during your summer vacation. You asked me about Chinese customs. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to your coming and I hope you will have a good time in China. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Mike, I’m very happy that you will come to China during your summer vacation. You asked me about Chinese customs. Here are some basic manners for you. Firstly, we usually shake hands with a smile and say “Ni Hao” when we meet people. Secondly, it’s polite to bring small gifts like fruit or flowers when visiting others. It shows respect to them. Thirdly, it is rude to stick chopsticks into the rice when we have meals. Besides, we can ask others to pass us the dish instead of standing up to reach for it. Finally, travel and daily life are safe topics when we chat. I’m looking forward to your coming and I hope you will have a good time in China. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 【第一步：审题立意】 确定文体：应用文（书信体），以一般现在时为主 明确要点：写信目的（回应Mike询问中国习俗）、具体礼仪（见面礼仪、拜访礼仪、用餐礼仪、聊天话题等）、表达期待 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称（文中已使用化名） 【第二步：构思布局】 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，表达高兴心情并回应来信，点明书信主题（介绍中国基本礼仪） 主体段：按顺序列举中国基本礼仪（见面、拜访、用餐、聊天等），使用连接词使结构清晰 结尾段：总结表达期待，祝愿对方在中国玩得愉快 【第三步：要点展开】 要点一：书信基本信息 收信人：Mike 写信目的：告诉Mike中国的基本礼仪 开头语：I’m very happy that you will come to China./I’m so glad that you will come to China.等 要点二：基本礼仪（按顺序） 礼仪一（见面）：shake hands with a smile/say “Ni Hao”/greet others with “Ni Hao”等 礼仪二（拜访）：bring small gifts like fruit or flowers/show respect/prepare some small gifts when visiting others等 礼仪三（用餐）：don’t stick chopsticks into the rice/ask others to pass the dish/wait for the elderly to eat first等 礼仪四（聊天）：safe topics like travel and daily life/talk about people’s hobbies and interests等 连接词：Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly/Besides/Finally/Lastly等 要点三：结尾与祝愿 表达期待：I’m looking forward to your coming./Hope to see you.等 祝愿：I hope you will have a good time in China./I hope you will have fun in China.等 （五） 每个人都会遇到来自不同文化背景的人，他们让我们看到世界的多样性，也让我们学会理解与包容。你校英语社团将举办主题为“Cultures connect us”的英语征文活动，请写一篇短文投稿。 内容要点： * Talk about the benefits of cross-cultural communication * Share a personal experience of getting along with someone from a different culture * Tell what you learned from this experience and how it changed you. 要求： 1. 词数不少于80词； 2. 文中不得出现真实校名、人名。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Cultures connect us in many ways. Cross-cultural communication helps us understand the world better. Last year, I met an exchange student from France at school. We shared traditional food and talked about festivals. At first, I was shy, but his warm smile made me relaxed. From this experience, I learned to respect cultural differences. It changed me to be more open-minded. Now I enjoy talking with people from different backgrounds very much. I believe understanding brings us closer. Let’s embrace diversity and connect through cultures together. 【详解】写作步骤    [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：征文，以一般现在时、一般过去时为主 明确要点：跨文化交流的好处、和不同文化背景之人相处的亲身经历、从这段经历学到的内容与自身改变 确定人称：第一人称(I/my) 注意事项：不得透露真实校名、人名，词数不少于80词    [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，点明文化联结人与人，引出跨文化交流的益处 主体段：讲述和异国同学相处的亲身经历 结尾段：说明经历带来的收获与自身改变，升华主题呼吁包容多元文化    [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：跨文化交流的益处 益处表达：helps us understand the world better/brings people closer/learn about different customs/broaden our horizons/know more about different cultures等 要点二：亲身经历 时间背景：last year/last summer/one year ago等 人物对象：an exchange student from France/an international student/a foreign friend等 相处内容：shared traditional food/talked about festivals/showed each other our customs/introduced our holidays等 最初感受：was shy/felt a little nervous/at first, I was quiet等 情感变化：his warm smile made me relaxed/felt more comfortable/became good friends等 要点三：所学道理与改变 道理表达：learned to respect cultural differences/understand the importance of communication/different cultures are all beautiful等 个人改变：became more open-minded/enjoy talking with people from different backgrounds/more confident in making foreign friends等 观点升华：understanding brings us closer/embrace diversity/connect through cultures/we are all members of one big world等 （六） 中国是礼仪之邦，风俗习惯历史悠久。 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Mike第一次来中国，要去中国家庭做客，但他不了解中国文化习俗，比如餐桌礼仪，因此向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：给他一些关于中国文化礼仪的建议，以及为什么给他这些建议。提示词语：custom, table manners, follow, importance, respect 内容提示：•What advice do you want to give him? •Why do you want to give the advice? Dear Mike, I’m writing to ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Mike, I’m writing to offer some advice on Chinese customs. Firstly, you should follow table manners carefully. When eating, wait for elders to start first. Secondly, it’s polite to bring a small gift. I give this advice because these customs show respect to hosts. Understanding the importance of culture helps you build better relationships. Chinese people value politeness very much. Hope you enjoy your stay in China! Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意]   确定文体：建议类英文书信，全文以一般现在时为主 明确要点：针对中国家庭做客给出礼仪建议；逐条说明给出这些礼仪建议的原因；礼貌收尾，祝福对方在中国旅途愉快 确定人称：第一人称(I)，第二人称(you) 注意事项：控制词数，不得透露真实信息 [第二步：构思布局]   三段式结构： 开头段：沿用给定开头，表明写信目的：为对方介绍中国做客风俗习惯并给出礼仪建议 主体段：分两条给出具体礼仪建议，随后解释每条建议背后的文化原因，体现尊重与礼仪的重要性 结尾段：送上美好祝福，祝愿对方在中国拥有愉快的做客体验 [第三步：要点展开]   要点一：点明写信目的 礼仪建议：offer some advice on Chinese customs/give you some practical suggestions about local customs and table manners/are unfamiliar with Chinese traditional manners/share some useful rules to help you behave politely during your visit/how to follow local customs when you are a guest in a Chinese family等 要点二：两条具体做客礼仪建议 餐桌礼仪：follow table manners carefully/wait for elders to start first/follow traditional table manners strictly/wait for the elder people to begin eating before we have meals/avoid sticking your chopsticks upright in the rice等 小礼物：polite to bring a small gift/prepare a small delicate gift for the host family when you pay a home visit等 要点三：解释给出礼仪建议的原因 原因：show respect to hosts/helps you build better relationships/value politeness very much/keep these traditional customs/stand for sincere respect for hosts and other family members/realize the importance of good manners/get on well with local people and build closer friendships/politeness is deeply rooted in Chinese culture等 要点四：结尾祝福 祝愿：enjoy your stay in China/will be helpful to you and wish you an unforgettable experience in the Chinese family/May you have a wonderful time/feel the charm of Chinese traditional culture等 （七） 文明礼仪是个人素养的体现，也是校园和谐的基石。你的学校英文校报正在开展“文明行为”主题征文活动，请你以“Good Manners”为题，结合校园生活实际写一篇英语短文。 内容要点 (必须包含) 1. 礼貌在校园生活中的重要性 2. 列举2–3种校园里的文明行为 3. 谈谈作为中学生，该如何践行文明礼仪、从我做起 写作要求： 1. 文中应包含所有要点，可适当拓展； 2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； 4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： polite (有礼貌的), respect (尊敬), behave (表现), rule (规则) Good Manners     Good manners are very important in our school life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Good manners are very important in our school life. They show our quality and help build a harmonious campus. It creates a friendly environment. Firstly, we should greet teachers politely when we meet them. Secondly, keeping quiet in the library is necessary. Also, we must respect classmates and follow school rules. As middle school students, we should start from small things. Let’s act now to make our school better. 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：这是一篇话题作文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：介绍礼貌重要性、列举行为及践行方法。 确定人称：第三/一人称为主 注意事项： 不提及真实姓名和校名，语气自然，参考所给信息和词汇，可适当发挥 [第二步：构思布局] 总分总结构： 首句： 说明礼貌的重要性（已给出部分句子） 主体部分： 分别列举 2-3 种文明行为，可适当增加细节 尾句： 表达个人感受，呼吁从我做起 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一： 说明礼貌的重要性 They show our quality and help build a harmonious campus. It creates a friendly/nice/good environment.等 要点二：别介绍列举 2-3 种文明行为 Firstly, we should greet teachers politely when we meet them. Secondly, keeping quiet in the library is necessary. /it is necessary to keep quiet in the library. Also, we must respect classmates and follow school rules.等 要点三：表达个人感受，呼吁从我做起 As middle school students, we should start from small things. Let’s act now to make our school better.等 （八） 假如你校英语报正在开展以“Civilization and Etiquette (文明与礼仪)”为主题的征文活动，请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文投稿，谈谈作为中学生，我们应该如何践行文明与礼仪。要点如下： 1．尊重父母和老师； 2．待人礼貌、乐于助人； 3．节约粮食和水资源； 4．补充1-2条你认为重要的文明行为(如遵守公共秩序、不乱扔垃圾等)。 要求：(1) 短文须包含上述要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(2)文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；(3) 词数80左右，短文开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 As middle school students, we should have good manners. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In a word, good manners can make a difference and lead to a better future. 【答案】例文 As middle school students, we should have good manners. First, it’s necessary for us to respect our parents and teachers. We can help our parents do some housework. Second, we should be polite to others and help others. I often explain math problems to my classmates. Third, we should save food and water. Don’t take more food than we need and remember to turn off the tap. Last but not least, we should pay attention to our behavior in public. Don’t speak loudly, and never throw litter around. In a word, good manners can make a difference and lead to a better future. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：议论文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：尊重父母和老师、待人礼貌乐于助人、节约粮食和水资源、补充1-2条文明行为 确定人称：第一人称（we/I/our） 注意事项：词数80左右（开头结尾已给出不计入），不得出现真实姓名和学校名称 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构 开头段：已给出，总起提出中学生应该有良好礼仪 主体段：分要点阐述具体文明行为（尊重师长、礼貌助人、节约资源、遵守公共秩序） 结尾段：已给出，总结文明礼仪的意义 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：尊重父母和老师 尊重表达：respect our parents and teachers/show respect to our teachers/be polite to our parents等 具体行动：help our parents do some housework/listen to our teachers carefully/help parents with chores等 要点二：待人礼貌、乐于助人 礼貌表达：be polite to others/say “please” and “thank you”/be friendly to everyone等 助人表达：help others/help classmates with study/explain math problems to classmates/help the old cross the road等 要点三：节约粮食和水资源 节约粮食：save food/don’t take more food than we need/eat up all the food/finish our meals等 节约用水：save water/turn off the tap/don’t waste water/take short showers等 要点四：补充文明行为 遵守秩序：pay attention to our behavior in public/stand in line/wait for our turn/keep quiet in public places等 不乱扔垃圾：never throw litter around/put rubbish into bins/keep the environment clean/throw garbage into the dustbin等 $