Unit 5 Nature‘s Temper（单元同步写作讲义）英语新教材鲁教版八年级上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦“自然灾害与极端天气”主题写作，系统构建从词汇积累（如earthquake, preparation等）、句式运用（开头句回顾经历、中间句描述过程、结尾句抒发感悟）到佳句仿写的学习支架，通过范例解析审题要点与谋篇布局（开头点明所学知识、中间记叙演练经历、结尾阐述敬畏自然感悟），形成完整写作能力培养脉络。 资料亮点在于融合鲜活素材与结构化指导，利用思维导图梳理知识体系，通过典例赏析分解写作要点（如自然力量词汇、演练过程描述、防灾意义阐述）。注重语言能力提升（清晰传递防护知识，形成科普表达）与思维品质培养（客观有条理记叙灾害事件），课中辅助教师高效教学，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，提升防灾素养与写作能力。

Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与自然”范畴，单元话题为“自然灾害，极端天气”。 该写作板块旨在培养学生认识自然威力、树立防灾避险意识，记录、描述自然灾害是重要的认知实践活动，它可以帮助学生客观看待自然、建立安全防护思维。通过书面描述灾害发生过程、带来的影响、自救办法，学生能清晰传递危险场景与防护知识，形成科普类书面表达能力。极端天气与灾害的文字记述，是向他人科普自然力量、警示安全、传递防灾常识的载体；这有助于构建敬畏自然、自我保护的认知基础，从而培养防灾避险素养，学会客观、有条理地记叙自然灾害事件。 词汇积累 试卷第1页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.earthquake 地震 2.preparation 准备(工作);预备 3.worst 最坏(的);最糟(的) 4.thankfully 幸亏;感激地 5.volunteer 志愿者 6.go wrong 出现问题;发生故障;搞错 7.wake up 醒来 8.all of a sudden 突然;猛地 句式积累 开头句： 1. As we all know.everyone experienced a bad day. 我们都知道的，每个人都经历过一个糟糕的日子。 2.Looking back at the past years,I will never forget that stormy day. 回顾过去的这些年，我将从来不会忘记那个暴风雨的日子。 中间句： 1.While it was raining heavily. I was taking a bus home. 下大雨时，我正坐公交车回家。 2.While we were playing table tennis. they arrived 我们在打乒乓球的时候，他们到了。 结尾句： 1.What luck it is on my unlucky day! 在我不幸的日子里，这是多么幸运的事! 2.We were very tired but very happy.我们很累但是很开心。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句：Did your family make any preparations before the typhoon landed?(make preparations) 仿写：如果你做好准备的话，你将会很容易克服这次困难。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句：The power went out.(go out) 仿写：卧室里的灯过了一会儿就灭了。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句：Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.(thanks to) 仿写：多亏了大家的努力，我们才能按时完成工作。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 教材原句：By the time the bus came,I was cold and wet. (by the time) 仿写：当工人们到达那里时，水已经淹没了整个城镇。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 典例 假定你是八年级学生李华，你们学校英文公众号正在开展主题征文活动，题目为What I Learn from Natural Forces。请你根据要点提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 要点： 1.学习内容：雷电、山洪、火山等自然力量，掌握基础自救常识； 2.个人经历：上周班级模拟暴雨疏散演练的过程与感受； 3.个人感悟：敬畏自然，做好应急准备，青少年学习防灾知识的意义。 要求： 1.词数100左右； 2.条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确； 3.不得出现真实校名、人名，紧扣单元话题原创写作。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题 ①确定文体：征文，一般现在时（介绍所学知识）、一般过去时（讲述演练经历） ②明确要点：1. 学习雷电、山洪、火山等自然力量与自救常识；2. 上周暴雨疏散演练过程与个人感受；3. 敬畏自然、做好应急准备、青少年学习防灾知识的意义 ③确定人称：第一人称 (I/we/my) 注意事项：不得出现真实校名、人名，词数控制100词左右，紧扣自然灾害单元话题原创写作 谋篇布局 开头 点明课堂所学，介绍各类自然力量与基础自救知识 中间 记叙上周班级暴雨疏散演练完整过程，写出自身前后心情变化 结尾 抒发感悟，阐述敬畏自然 佳作展示 What I Learn from Natural Forces In Units 9 to 11, I have learned various powerful natural forces such as thunderstorms, floods and volcanic activities, and mastered basic self-rescue knowledge against terrible disasters. Last week, our class held a heavy rain evacuation drill. We followed teachers’ clear orders, moved to higher floors orderly and practiced hiding away from windows. I felt nervous at first but calmed down after knowing standard safety steps. From these studies, I realize we must respect nature deeply. Teenagers should learn disaster prevention skills and prepare emergency kits. The knowledge can protect us when dangerous natural events happen around us. 佳作赏析 要点一：学习各类自然力量与自救常识 自然力量：thunderstorms/floods/volcanic activities/typhoon/earthquake/mudslide等 自救知识：basic self-rescue knowledge/disaster prevention skills/safety rules等 学习途径：learn from textbooks/study in class/take safety lessons/watch disaster videos等 学习收获：master useful skills/know how to escape danger/keep safe in disasters等 要点二：暴雨疏散演练经历 演练名称：heavy rain evacuation drill/flood escape practice等 演练过程：follow teachers’ orders/move to higher floors orderly/hide away from windows/line up quietly/avoid low-lying areas/stay away from glass等 内心感受：felt nervous at first/calmed down/worried at the beginning/felt safe after practice等 要点三：个人感悟与防灾意义 对待自然：respect nature deeply/be in awe of natural power等 应急准备：prepare emergency kits/store food and water/make safety plans等 青少年意义：protect ourselves when disasters happen/help family stay safe/pass on safety knowledge等 （一） 近期学校开展“自然灾难自救科普”主题英语征文活动，请你根据以下提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 提示： 1.你学习过的两种自然灾害（雷电、洪水、台风、地震、火山、沙尘暴任选其二）； 2.分别写出对应的2条自救方法； 3.谈谈你对学习防灾知识的看法。 要求： 1.词数100左右； 2.条理清晰，语句通顺，无明显语法错误； 3.不得出现真实人名、班级、校名。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） 假定你是八年级学生Li Hua，你的外教Mr. Smith布置了英语短文写作任务：Introduce one kind of natural force and its self-protection rules。请你写一篇英语短文投稿学校英语报。 要求： 1.从地震、洪水、龙卷风、火山四种自然灾害中任选一种写作; 2.内容包含：①该灾害形成简单原因 ②遇到时3条自我保护方法 ③学习相关知识的意义; 3.词数100左右; 4.语句通顺，语法正确，无明显拼写错误，可适当拓展细节。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） 题目：An Unforgettable Storm Experience 要求：90-110词，语句通顺，句式丰富，时态准确要点： 1.极端天气发生的时间与环境。 2.自身、家人行为以及室外景象。 3.灾害过后周边环境变化。 4.个人感悟与收获。 …… _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （四） 你所在的学校将举办“自然灾害安全日”（Natural Disaster Safety Day）活动。作为校报编辑请在校报上介绍该活动并邀请同学们前来参加。 内容包括： （1）活动的时间和地点； （2）活动的内容：如观看视频、听报告、演练（practice activity）等； （3）同学们可以从中学到什么。 注意： （1）词数80～100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear schoolmates, To help us better protect ourselves, our school will hold a Natural Disaster Safety Day activity. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We hope everyone can come and take part. Let's stay safe together! （五） 你的美国笔友Mike听说中国南方部分地区遭遇了洪水，写信向你询问情况。请你以李华的身份给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 洪水的基本情况（如发生时间、影响）； 2. 人们的应对措施； 3. 你从这次经历中学到的防灾知识。 要求： 1. 词数90左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 文中不能出现真实校名、人名等信息。 Dear Mike, Thanks for your letter. I’m glad to tell you something about the flood in southern China. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua （六） 近年来，自然灾害时有发生，掌握防灾自救知识对我们至关重要。请你以 Learn to Protect Ourselves from Natural Disasters 为题，写一篇英语短文，向同学们介绍防灾自救的重要性及具体做法。写作要点： 1. 自然灾害的危害（简要说明）； 2. 列举2-3种自然灾害的自救方法； 3. 呼吁大家重视防灾学习，学会自我保护。 写作要求： 1. 词数80-100； 2. 语句通顺，语法正确，要点齐全； 3. 不得出现真实姓名、校名等个人信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （七） 学校英语角举办“How to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters”征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容：经历过的一次自然灾害（时间 / 天气）+ 当时活动 + 安全做法 + 感受与收获 词数：80 词左右 体现：安全意识、责任担当、珍爱生命 不得出现真实姓名、校名 How to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （八） 自然灾害难以预测，但掌握避险技能可以守护自身安全。学校英文报正在开展以“Learn to Protect Ourselves”为题的征文活动，请你结合自身认知，介绍如何在自然灾害中保护自己。 内容要点： 1. 简述自然灾害的危害； 2. 介绍至少两种自然灾害的避险方法； 3. 谈谈自己的感悟和倡议。 写作要求： 1. 包含所有要点，可适当发挥； 2. 语句通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 词数80词左右，不得出现真实校名、人名。 参考词汇：natural disaster自然灾害；protect保护；calm冷静的 I think it is very important for us to learn to protect ourselves from natural disasters. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与自然”范畴，单元话题为“自然灾害，极端天气”。 该写作板块旨在培养学生认识自然威力、树立防灾避险意识，记录、描述自然灾害是重要的认知实践活动，它可以帮助学生客观看待自然、建立安全防护思维。通过书面描述灾害发生过程、带来的影响、自救办法，学生能清晰传递危险场景与防护知识，形成科普类书面表达能力。极端天气与灾害的文字记述，是向他人科普自然力量、警示安全、传递防灾常识的载体；这有助于构建敬畏自然、自我保护的认知基础，从而培养防灾避险素养，学会客观、有条理地记叙自然灾害事件。 词汇积累 试卷第1页，共17页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.earthquake 地震 2.preparation 准备(工作);预备 3.worst 最坏(的);最糟(的) 4.thankfully 幸亏;感激地 5.volunteer 志愿者 6.go wrong 出现问题;发生故障;搞错 7.wake up 醒来 8.all of a sudden 突然;猛地 句式积累 开头句： 1. As we all know.everyone experienced a bad day. 我们都知道的，每个人都经历过一个糟糕的日子。 2.Looking back at the past years,I will never forget that stormy day. 回顾过去的这些年，我将从来不会忘记那个暴风雨的日子。 中间句： 1.While it was raining heavily. I was taking a bus home. 下大雨时，我正坐公交车回家。 2.While we were playing table tennis. they arrived 我们在打乒乓球的时候，他们到了。 结尾句： 1.What luck it is on my unlucky day! 在我不幸的日子里，这是多么幸运的事! 2.We were very tired but very happy.我们很累但是很开心。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句：Did your family make any preparations before the typhoon landed?(make preparations) 仿写：如果你做好准备的话，你将会很容易克服这次困难。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句：The power went out.(go out) 仿写：卧室里的灯过了一会儿就灭了。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句：Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.(thanks to) 仿写：多亏了大家的努力，我们才能按时完成工作。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 教材原句：By the time the bus came,I was cold and wet. (by the time) 仿写：当工人们到达那里时，水已经淹没了整个城镇。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.If you make good preparations,you will overcome this difficulty easily 2. The bedroom light went out after a moment 3. Thanks to everyone' s hard work, we can finish the work on time. 4. By the time the workers got there,the water had already covered the whole town 典例 假定你是八年级学生李华，你们学校英文公众号正在开展主题征文活动，题目为What I Learn from Natural Forces。请你根据要点提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 要点： 1.学习内容：雷电、山洪、火山等自然力量，掌握基础自救常识； 2.个人经历：上周班级模拟暴雨疏散演练的过程与感受； 3.个人感悟：敬畏自然，做好应急准备，青少年学习防灾知识的意义。 要求： 1.词数100左右； 2.条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确； 3.不得出现真实校名、人名，紧扣单元话题原创写作。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题 ①确定文体：征文，一般现在时（介绍所学知识）、一般过去时（讲述演练经历） ②明确要点：1. 学习雷电、山洪、火山等自然力量与自救常识；2. 上周暴雨疏散演练过程与个人感受；3. 敬畏自然、做好应急准备、青少年学习防灾知识的意义 ③确定人称：第一人称 (I/we/my) 注意事项：不得出现真实校名、人名，词数控制100词左右，紧扣自然灾害单元话题原创写作 谋篇布局 开头 点明课堂所学，介绍各类自然力量与基础自救知识 中间 记叙上周班级暴雨疏散演练完整过程，写出自身前后心情变化 结尾 抒发感悟，阐述敬畏自然 佳作展示 What I Learn from Natural Forces In Units 9 to 11, I have learned various powerful natural forces such as thunderstorms, floods and volcanic activities, and mastered basic self-rescue knowledge against terrible disasters. Last week, our class held a heavy rain evacuation drill. We followed teachers’ clear orders, moved to higher floors orderly and practiced hiding away from windows. I felt nervous at first but calmed down after knowing standard safety steps. From these studies, I realize we must respect nature deeply. Teenagers should learn disaster prevention skills and prepare emergency kits. The knowledge can protect us when dangerous natural events happen around us. 佳作赏析 要点一：学习各类自然力量与自救常识 自然力量：thunderstorms/floods/volcanic activities/typhoon/earthquake/mudslide等 自救知识：basic self-rescue knowledge/disaster prevention skills/safety rules等 学习途径：learn from textbooks/study in class/take safety lessons/watch disaster videos等 学习收获：master useful skills/know how to escape danger/keep safe in disasters等 要点二：暴雨疏散演练经历 演练名称：heavy rain evacuation drill/flood escape practice等 演练过程：follow teachers’ orders/move to higher floors orderly/hide away from windows/line up quietly/avoid low-lying areas/stay away from glass等 内心感受：felt nervous at first/calmed down/worried at the beginning/felt safe after practice等 要点三：个人感悟与防灾意义 对待自然：respect nature deeply/be in awe of natural power等 应急准备：prepare emergency kits/store food and water/make safety plans等 青少年意义：protect ourselves when disasters happen/help family stay safe/pass on safety knowledge等 （一） 近期学校开展“自然灾难自救科普”主题英语征文活动，请你根据以下提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 提示： 1.你学习过的两种自然灾害（雷电、洪水、台风、地震、火山、沙尘暴任选其二）； 2.分别写出对应的2条自救方法； 3.谈谈你对学习防灾知识的看法。 要求： 1.词数100左右； 2.条理清晰，语句通顺，无明显语法错误； 3.不得出现真实人名、班级、校名。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Learn to Protect Ourselves from Natural Disasters We have learned two common natural disasters at school: earthquakes and floods. When an earthquake hits, hide under a strong desk and protect your head. Never jump from buildings or use lifts. If a flood comes, move to high ground quickly and avoid walking through water. Also, turn off gas and electricity before leaving.   I think disaster self-protection knowledge is important because these skills can save lives. Our school often holds safety drills to help us practice. Everyone should take them seriously and share them with family. Then we can all stay safe in emergencies. 【详解】写作步骤   [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体和时态：说明文，以一般现在时为主。 明确要点：1. 学习过的两种自然灾害；2. 每种灾害对应的2条自救方法；3. 对学习防灾知识的看法 确定人称：第一人称（I/we） 注意事项：词数100左右，条理清晰，不得出现真实信息 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起，说明在学校学习过的两种自然灾害 主体段：说明对应的自救方法 结尾段：表达对学习防灾知识的看法，强调防灾知识的重要性和分享的必要性 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：任选两种灾害 earthquakes/floods/typhoon/lightning/volcano/sandstorm等 要点二：自救方法 地震：hide under a strong desk and protect your head/never jump from buildings or use lifts/stay away from windows/move to an open area/keep clear of tall buildings and trees等 洪水：move to high ground quickly/avoid walking through water/turn off gas and electricity before leaving/watch out for broken wires under water/climb onto a strong roof or big tree if trapped等 台风：stay indoors and away from windows/do not go outside during the storm/secure loose objects等   雷电：avoid open fields and tall trees/do not use electrical devices or take a shower/stay inside a building or car等 火山：follow evacuation orders/cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth to avoid ash/stay away from lava flows等 沙尘暴：wear masks and goggles/stay indoors with windows closed/avoid outdoor activities等 要点三：看法 disaster self-protection knowledge is important/these skills can save lives/school holds safety drills/everyone should take them seriously and share with family/stay safe in emergencies/greatly reduce injuries/not only keep safe, but also help people around us等 （二） 假定你是八年级学生Li Hua，你的外教Mr. Smith布置了英语短文写作任务：Introduce one kind of natural force and its self-protection rules。请你写一篇英语短文投稿学校英语报。 要求： 1.从地震、洪水、龙卷风、火山四种自然灾害中任选一种写作; 2.内容包含：①该灾害形成简单原因 ②遇到时3条自我保护方法 ③学习相关知识的意义; 3.词数100左右; 4.语句通顺，语法正确，无明显拼写错误，可适当拓展细节。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Earthquake Safety Earthquakes happen when rocks deep underground break and slip, sending out strong shaking waves. Although we cannot stop them, we can protect ourselves with proper actions. When an earthquake strikes, follow these important rules. First, if indoors, take cover under a strong table and hold on tightly. Second, if outdoors, move away from buildings and find an open area quickly. Third, if in a car, pull over and stay inside until the shaking fully stops. Learning about earthquakes helps us stay calm in danger. This knowledge saves lives and makes us braver in facing nature’s powerful challenges. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 明确文体：说明文（材料作文），以一般现在时为主 明确要点：简单解释地震成因，介绍室内、室外、乘车时的避震方法，说明学习地震安全知识的意义 确定人称：第一、三人称 注意事项：条理清晰，用语客观规范，科普内容准确，分点逻辑分明 [第二步：构思布局] 开头段：简述地震形成原因，点明人类无法阻止地震，但可以学会自我保护 主体段：分三种场景，依次讲解地震发生时对应的安全避险做法 结尾段：总结学习防震知识的作用与价值 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：地震成因：rocks break and slip/produce shaking waves/cannot stop earthquakes/protect ourselves/underground rocks move and crack/cause ground shaking/unable to prevent earthquakes/keep ourselves safe/explain natural phenomenon/introduce disaster features/master self-protection skills 要点二：避险方法 室内避险方法：take cover under a strong table/hold on tightly/hide beside firm furniture/grasp something steady/stay away from tall objects/find safe shelters indoors 室外避险方法：move away from buildings/find an open area/keep clear of houses/head for empty places/avoid dangerous structures/stay in wide and safe spaces 车内避险方法：pull over/stay inside/wait for shaking to stop/stop the car safely/remain in the vehicle/wait until danger passes/park the car properly/do not get out in emergency/wait for the situation to stabilize 要点三：学习安全知识的意义：stay calm in danger/save lives/brave to face natural challenges/keep peaceful when accidents happen/protect people’s lives/face natural disasters bravely/deal with emergencies properly/reduce safety risks/build courage to face difficulties （三） 题目：An Unforgettable Storm Experience 要求：90-110词，语句通顺，句式丰富，时态准确要点： 1.极端天气发生的时间与环境。 2.自身、家人行为以及室外景象。 3.灾害过后周边环境变化。 4.个人感悟与收获。 …… _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 Last summer, a terrible storm suddenly hit our city. The sky turned dark quickly and strong wind blew heavily. My family and I stayed inside, closing all windows tightly to keep safe. Outside, many trees fell down and cars were covered by deep water. After the storm passed, the streets were messy and electricity was cut off for hours. It took workers days to clean up the city. This unforgettable experience taught me that nature is powerful. We should protect the environment to live better together. I will never forget this dangerous but meaningful day. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，用一般过去时为主 明确要点：灾害发生时间、环境、自身、家人行为以及室外景象、灾后环境变化及灾后感悟 确定人称：第一人称（I/we） 注意事项：不出现真实校名、人名，字数在90-110词 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：交代事件背景，风暴突发时的场景 主体段：自身、家人行为以及室外景象、灾后环境变化 结尾段：讲述经历带来的感悟 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：灾害发生 发生时间：last summer/last week等 发生情景：The sky turned dark quickly/strong wind blew heavily/many trees fell down/cars were covered by deep water./hear people screaming nervously outside/等 要点二：应对方式 应对举措：stayed inside/closing all windows tightly to keep safe./helped Mom bring our clothes in from the yard/closed all the doors and windows等 要点三：灾后感悟 感悟：should protect the environment to live better together./stay calm and act quickly等 （四） 你所在的学校将举办“自然灾害安全日”（Natural Disaster Safety Day）活动。作为校报编辑请在校报上介绍该活动并邀请同学们前来参加。 内容包括： （1）活动的时间和地点； （2）活动的内容：如观看视频、听报告、演练（practice activity）等； （3）同学们可以从中学到什么。 注意： （1）词数80～100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear schoolmates, To help us better protect ourselves, our school will hold a Natural Disaster Safety Day activity. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We hope everyone can come and take part. Let's stay safe together! 【答案】 例文 Dear schoolmates, To help us better protect ourselves, our school will hold a Natural Disaster Safety Day activity. It will be held in the school hall next Friday afternoon. During the activity, we can watch videos about disasters and listen to experts’ reports carefully. There will also be some exciting practice activities to teach us how to escape safely. Through this meaningful activity, we can learn useful skills to protect ourselves in dangerous situations. It is really important to know what to do when earthquakes or fires happen suddenly. Please arrive on time and don't miss this chance. All students are welcome. We hope everyone can come and take part. Let’s stay safe together! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文（通知/邀请信），以一般将来时为主，辅以一般现在时说明活动意义 明确要点：活动时间与地点、活动内容（视频/报告/演练）、活动收获与意义 确定人称：以第一人称（our school/we） 为主，面向全校同学发出邀请 注意事项：词数控制在80-100 词（不含已给开头结尾），不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，行文需连贯自然 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明活动目的与主题，引出下文 主体段：依次介绍活动时间地点、具体内容、学习收获，补充邀请细节 结尾段：发出参与号召，呼应活动主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：活动的时间和地点 时间表达：next Friday afternoon/from 2:00 to 4:00 this Friday afternoon/on the afternoon of June 15th等 地点表达：in the school hall/in the school meeting room/in the school playground等 要点二：活动的具体内容 观看视频：watch videos about disasters/watch educational videos on natural disasters/watch short films about disaster prevention等 听报告：listen to experts’ reports carefully/attend a safety report by a professional/listen to a talk on disaster safety等 演练活动：take part in some exciting practice activities/join hands-on safety escape drills/practice self-rescue skills in real-like situations等 要点三：同学们可以从中学到什么 能力收获：learn useful skills to protect ourselves in dangerous situations/master practical self-rescue skills/learn how to stay calm and escape safely等 认知提升：know what to do when earthquakes or fires happen suddenly/understand the importance of disaster safety/know how to respond quickly to natural disasters等 （五） 你的美国笔友Mike听说中国南方部分地区遭遇了洪水，写信向你询问情况。请你以李华的身份给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 洪水的基本情况（如发生时间、影响）； 2. 人们的应对措施； 3. 你从这次经历中学到的防灾知识。 要求： 1. 词数90左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 文中不能出现真实校名、人名等信息。 Dear Mike, Thanks for your letter. I’m glad to tell you something about the flood in southern China. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version Dear Mike, Thanks for your letter. I’m glad to tell you something about the flood in southern China. Last month, unexpected heavy rain caused a very big flood in many areas. It flooded streets and houses, making our daily life very difficult. Luckily, everyone worked together to face the challenge bravely. Many families quickly moved to safe places, and the government provided plenty of food, water and medicine. From this meaningful experience, I have learned some useful safety skills. For example, we should not stay in low areas during a flood, and we must stay away from rivers and lakes. It is also important to follow the instructions of the rescue team carefully. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，叙述过去发生的洪水经历用一般过去时，表达学到的防灾知识与看法用一般现在时 明确要点：洪水的发生时间和影响、人们采取的应对措施、学到的防灾知识 确定人称：第一人称（I/we） 注意事项：不得出现真实的校名和人名；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；词数90左右 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：感谢来信并点明写信目的 主体段：详细描述洪水的基本情况，人们的应对措施，以及自己从这次有意义的经历中学到的防灾知识 结尾段：表达对回信的期待 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：洪水基本情况与影响 基本情况与影响：last month/unexpected heavy rain caused a very big flood/flooded streets and houses/making our daily life very difficult/hit southern China/ruin crops/make people homeless/destroy buildings等 要点二：人们的应对措施 应对措施：work together/face the challenge bravely/quickly move to safe places/government provided plenty of food, water and medicine/rescue team saved people/donate money/stay calm等 要点三：获得的防灾知识 防灾知识：learn some useful safety skills/from this meaningful experience/should not stay in low areas/stay away from rivers and lakes/follow the instructions of the rescue team carefully/prepare an emergency kit/turn off the electricity等 （六） 近年来，自然灾害时有发生，掌握防灾自救知识对我们至关重要。请你以 Learn to Protect Ourselves from Natural Disasters 为题，写一篇英语短文，向同学们介绍防灾自救的重要性及具体做法。写作要点： 1. 自然灾害的危害（简要说明）； 2. 列举2-3种自然灾害的自救方法； 3. 呼吁大家重视防灾学习，学会自我保护。 写作要求： 1. 词数80-100； 2. 语句通顺，语法正确，要点齐全； 3. 不得出现真实姓名、校名等个人信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Learn to Protect Ourselves from Natural Disasters Natural disasters often bring great harm to our lives and property. So it is very important for us to learn self-protection skills. Here are some useful tips. When an earthquake happens, we should hide under strong tables. If we are outside, we must run to open places. When a flood comes, we need to move to higher ground quickly and never walk in running water. Besides, we should always pay attention to weather warnings. In short, learning disaster prevention knowledge can help us stay safe. Let’s take it seriously and protect ourselves well. 【详解】写作步骤解析 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体： 说明文， 以一般现在时为主 明确要点： 自然灾害的危害、自救方法、 呼吁大家重视防灾学习，学会自我保护 注意事项： 词数 80-100 词；题目已给出；语言要准确、简洁。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段： 提到自然灾害时有发生，点明学习自救技能的必要性。 主体段：列举2-3种自然灾害的自救方法。 结尾段： 总结学习知识能保命，呼吁大家重视。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：灾害危害 危害：bring great harm/lives and property/important to learn/destroy houses 要点二：自救方法 方法：stay calm/hide under strong tables/ move to higher ground/never walk in running water/cover head with hands 要点三：总结呼吁 总结：stay safe/take it seriously/protect ourselves well/raise safety awareness （七） 学校英语角举办“How to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters”征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容：经历过的一次自然灾害（时间 / 天气）+ 当时活动 + 安全做法 + 感受与收获 词数：80 词左右 体现：安全意识、责任担当、珍爱生命 不得出现真实姓名、校名 How to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： How to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters Last summer, I met a heavy rainstorm on my way home. It rained so hard that I could hardly see clearly. I remembered the safety rules. I stayed away from tall buildings and big trees and waited in a shop. I kept calm all the time. When the rain stopped, I went home safely. I felt lucky and learned that we must know safety rules and stay calm in natural disasters. It’s important to protect ourselves and respect nature. 【详解】[第一步：审题立意]    确定文体：记叙文，以第一人称叙述经历并表达感悟，以一般过去时叙述事件，一般现在时表达观点 明确要点：经历过的一次自然灾害（时间/天气）+ 当时活动 + 安全做法 + 感受与收获，需体现安全意识、责任担当、珍爱生命的主题 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名、校名，词数控制在80词左右    [第二步：构思布局]    开头段：交代背景，引出自然灾害事件 主体段：叙述灾害发生时的安全做法与应对过程 结尾段：总结经历的感受与收获，升华主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：自然灾害经历    灾害类型：rainstorm/typhoon/thunderstorm等 ​ 背景描述：时间（last summer/yesterday afternoon）、天气（rained heavily/blew strongly）、当时活动（on my way home/walking in the street） ​ 突发状况：It rained so hard that I could hardly see clearly./Suddenly, a strong wind blew and the sky turned dark.等   要点二：安全做法与应对    安全行动：stayed away from tall buildings/big trees/hid in a safe shop等 ​ 应对方法：I stayed away from dangerous places and waited patiently./call the police for help等 要点三：感受与收获    直接感受：I felt lucky/scared but safe等 主题升华：It’s important to protect ourselves and respect nature./This experience tells me safety is the most important thing in our life等 （八） 自然灾害难以预测，但掌握避险技能可以守护自身安全。学校英文报正在开展以“Learn to Protect Ourselves”为题的征文活动，请你结合自身认知，介绍如何在自然灾害中保护自己。 内容要点： 1. 简述自然灾害的危害； 2. 介绍至少两种自然灾害的避险方法； 3. 谈谈自己的感悟和倡议。 写作要求： 1. 包含所有要点，可适当发挥； 2. 语句通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 词数80词左右，不得出现真实校名、人名。 参考词汇：natural disaster自然灾害；protect保护；calm冷静的 I think it is very important for us to learn to protect ourselves from natural disasters. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Learn to Protect Ourselves I think it is very important for us to learn to protect ourselves from natural disasters. Natural disasters like earthquakes and typhoons are dangerous. They may break houses, hurt people. Sometimes, some people may even lose their lives. So mastering safety skills is necessary for everyone. When an earthquake happens, we must keep calm and hide under strong desks. Don’t run out in a hurry.  If a typhoon comes, we should stay indoors and keep away from windows and tall trees. In short, safety is the most important. We should learn more disaster skills to protect ourselves. 【详解】写作步骤 ［第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：介绍性说明文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：自然灾害的危害、介绍至少两种自然灾害的避险方法、谈自己的感悟和倡议 确定人称：第一人称（we/our）和第三人称（they/their） 注意事项：不得出现真实校名、人名 ［第二步：构思布局］ 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，简述自然灾害的危害 主体段：介绍至少两种自然灾害的避险方法 结尾段：谈自己的感悟和倡议 ［第三步：要点展开］ 要点一：自然灾害的危害 人身危害：dangerous/hurt people/even lose their lives when there are natural disasters 建筑及公共设施：may break houses/out of service 要点二：自然灾害的避险方法 心态：must keep calm/not panic 行为：hide under strong desks/Don’t run out in a hurry/Don’t use a lift/should stay indoors/keep away from windows and tall trees/keep away from the sea 要点三：谈自己的感悟和倡议 感悟和倡议：In short/safety is the most important/should learn more disaster skills to protect ourselves/remember the advice above $