广东惠州市2025-2026学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题

高一英语试题 共8页 作答时间：120分钟 满分：130分 第一部分阅读（共两节，满分60分) 第一节（共15小题：每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Cultur epedia Influencer Progr am Do you like Chinese culture?Join the Culturepedia Influencer Program!Culturepedia is a WeChat Mini Program that shares the beauty of Chinese heritage.By joining this program,you can learn about Chinese culture and win great prizes at the same time. Event Dates:July 10-24,2026 Who can join:All users of the Culturepedia Mini Program(new users welcome) How to Get Energy Points? Energy Points are your ticket to great prizes and you can get them by doing easy tasks: Activity Description Daily Limit Daily Visit Get 1 point for your first visit to the mini-program each day. 1 point Share a piece of content with a WeChat friend or group.Get Daily Share 3 points 1 point each time. Daily Quiz Get a score of 100 on a quiz.Get 1 point each time 3 points After finishing a quiz,share your own poster or link.When a Friend Boost friend joins and completes a quiz through your share,you get Unlimited 3 points. Important Notes: .You can get up to 100 points per day in total. ●Your points are shown on the“My”page inside the mini-program. Only shares using your personalized link or poster will be recorded. If any one cheats,we may reset their points or disqualify them. What can you get? Use your points to get nice gifts!Go to the "Me"section,then "Become A Culturepedia Influencer"to choose your gift.Gifts are limited.First come,first served. Energy Points Reward 20 Weekly VIP reading plan 200 Makeup mirror illustrated postcard 400 Tote bag bookmark oil patch 600 Notebook fridge magnet+mouse pad 1200 Fan-shaped book light 1500 China Daily newspaper (one-year subscription) Come and share the beauty of Chinese culture with us! 英语试题第1页共8页 21.What does the Culturepedia Influencer Program aim for? A.Attracting new users to the platform.B.Promoting wide spread of Chinese culture. C.Boosting participants'cultural knowledge.D.Offering valuable rewards for engagement. 22.What is the best strategy for earning most points? A.Actively inviting new users. B.Often completing daily quizzes. C.Daily sharing of content with friends. D.Regular daily visits to the program. 23.How many reward items can a user get at most by using 600 points? A.3. B.4. C.5. D.6. B I can't tell the exact moment I fell in love with the environment.My passion came from gardening with my mom.She taught me to care for plants and living creatures.When I was little, I hoped to become a wildlife protector. In high school,she gave me a pink moth orchid (and I watered it every day.Life at school was tough:I was always laughed at for my poor family conditions.The orchid became my quiet comfort.Slowly its petals dropped,and the flower was completely bare. Later I was admitted to Stanford University.I was proud yet upset to move,and left the orchid at home.I felt guilty that the burden of making a living was lifted off my shoulders while my family was left behind.As a lover of nature,I planned to study environmental science and protect living things when coming to Stanford.But after hearing about the high income as electrical engineers,I knew I should change my major to help my family.Every day I dragged myself to classes and regretted for my family struggling back home.I cried because I'd lost the part of myself that loved nature and wanted to be a wildlife protector.I felt just like the petal-less orchid. A year later,I was still studying electrical engineering.Though it was a path I never expected,I was learning to find myself through it.But lately,I began to water my old self again. I worked with the low-income community on campus through a service group I founded.I also got close to nature again,exploring mountains and forests.I couldn't change who I was and what I cared about.But it was up to me to water the parts I didn't want to lose. Over the summer,I went back home and visited my orchid.Yes,it was still there,waiting for me.It had lost its petals many times,but with enough water and care,orchids would always bloom again.And so would I. 24.How did the orchid affect the author in high school? A.It earned her classmates'respect. B.It gave her emotional support. C.It inspired her to love gardening. D.It reminded her of college dream. 25.What caused the author to change her university major? A.Low interest in environmental science. B.Desire for higher personal achievement. C.A sense of family financial responsibility. D.Dissatisfaction with nature-related studies. 26.How did the author get back to her true self? A.She spent most time working outdoors. B.She changed back to her favorite major. C.She focused hard on engineering classes D.She volunteered and reconnected with nature. 27.What does the blooming orchid stand for at the end of the story? A.Early academic goals. B.Beauty after hardships. C.Constant family guidance. D.Inner strength and growth. 英语试题第2页共8页 C Goldfish are a familiar pet in homes,classrooms,and backyard ponds around the world. But when they are released(),they can quickly turn healthy freshwater ecosystems into environments that struggle to support native life,new research shows. The study,led by researchers at the University of Missouri and the University of Toledo, provides some of the strongest experimental evidence to date that goldfish can significantly change lake ecosystems.The findings underline a growing concem among ecologists:Goldfish may be popular pets,but in the wild,they can become powerful ecological threats. To understand how these changes happen,the research team conducted large,controlled outdoor experiments using small,man-made lakes similar to real-world conditions.They introduced goldfish into experimental lake ecosystems representing two common environmental conditions-一nutrient-poor(营养匮乏)and nutrient--rich waters一and monitored the ecological impacts over time. The results are stark.Water quality worsened rapidly as goldfish stir up and cloud the water. Native species suffered as well.Populations like snails and zooplankton fell sharply as goldfish consumed food and destroyed habitat.Competing directly with goldfish for food and other resources,native fish also showed reduced body conditions,an early warning sign of long-term population drop. These impacts were not limited to any single type of lake.Whether the waters were nutrient-poor or nutrient-rich,goldfish continually changed ecosystem function,showing few freshwater systems are unaffected. "Releasing a goldfish into the wild may feel like an act of kindness,but it can quickly become a major ecological threat."says William Hintz,the lead author of the study.The researchers urge natural resource managers to treat goldfish as a highly invasive(species and to invest in prevention,early detection and control efforts before populations become established.They also stress the importance of public education so pet owners understand the ecological impacts of releasing water animals.For pet owners with unwanted goldfish,they can return fish to pet stores,rehome them with other lovers or contact local wildlife authorities. 28.How did researchers conduct their experiment on goldfish? A.They put it in the natural lakes. B.They collected data under same conditions. C.They compared it with other water species. D.They observed the environmental effects it caused. 29.What we learn about goldfish released into wild waters from the study? A.They do little harm to the water quality. B.They make native fish in poor physical state. C.Their population fell sharply for lack of food. D.Their impacts varies greatly in different lakes. 30.What does the underlined word"stark"in paragraph 4 mean? A.Clear and serious B.Unnoticeable but common C.Obvious and simple D.Unexpected but reasonable 31.What can be inferred from researchers according to the last paragraph? A.Prevention is better than removal.B.Single goldfish causes little harm. C.Goldfish pet sales should be forbidden.D.Efforts should be made to protect goldfish. 英语试题第3页共8页 D Imagine you're at a bakery(烘培店)，choosing between a bread and a cake.You pick the bread because you prefer it.But if only cakes remain,you buy one.These situations differ:one is a"free choice"based on preference,the other a"forced decisionwith limited options. For years,scientists believed our brains handled these two decision types differently.They thought free choices,feeling personal,involved special brain activities.However,new research shows our brains make both free and forced decisions in surprisingly similar ways. How does our brain decide?Studies show it doesn't suddenly pick an option.Instead,it gradually gathers evidence for each choice.Think of a computer loading bar(进度条)：as your brain gathers information,the bar fills.Once enough evidence supports one option,your brain decides.This can happen very fast,often before you are aware.To test this,researchers recorded people's brain activity while they chose coloured balloons.They viewed either two balloons of different colours to freely choose,or a single balloon they were forced to pick.They pressed a button the moment they made their choice.The brain activity,for both free and forced decisions, unfolded in a very similar way.Like a loading bar,it climbed steadily to the same top level just before a choice was made. This discovery might make us wonder:are our free choices truly free?While the brain's decision-making process might be automatic(自a动t的)，the“evidence”it gathers comes from you.. As researchers explained,"The evidence it weighs up is drawn entirely from who you are".Your unique preferences,goals,and experiences shape your choices.Two people may go through the same choosing process and land on the same choice,but they arrive there for completely different reasons. Rather than asking whether our choices are truly free,perhaps the better question is what it really means for a choice to be yours.And the next time you find yourself in line at the bakery, know that your brain has already been quietly gathering evidence toward your choice,and that choice happens a little faster than you realise. 32.Why does the author mention the bakery story in paragraghl? A.To introduce the topic of decision-making. B.To compare various bakery product choices. C.To describe a common shopping experience. D.To prove why cakes taste better than breads. 33.What does the new research find about choices? A.Free choices requires more time. B.They both depend on spiritual efforts. C.Forced decisions are more natural. D.They are processed comparably in the brain. 34.Which statement will the author probably agree with? A.Automatic signals control our behaviors. B.Our individuality defines how we choose. C.Freedom matters more than other factors. D.Our past affects our independent thinking. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.How Forced Decisions Shape Minds B.The Role of Preferences in Choices C.How the Brain Weighs to Make Decisions D.The Difference Between Two Brain Signals 英语试题第4页共8页 第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。 Creating Our Own Luck:4 Ideas for Taking Decisive Action People often think of lucky charms like four-leaf clovers or crossed fingers.36 The truth is,we can create our own luck through planned and continued action.Here are four ways to take an active approach to life. Have a positive mindset.If your glasses are dirty,everything looks unclear.Cleaning them can make the same situation look better.37 If we only pay attention to unfair things,we will probably feel unlucky.Instead,focus on what you can control and accept what you cannot. This gives you a calmer and clearer mind. _38 Carrying pain medicine in your bag is a simple way to prepare for a headache. You may not have a headache now,but you are thinking ahead.Similarly,getting ready allows you to act ahead.Just hoping for magic will not work. Be flexible.A river finds its way around a fallen tree or a big rock.When we face a challenge in life,we need to be flexible,just like water.We may not like problems.39 And flexibility creates new opportunities.Being flexible may mean taking a longer or harder path,but it still moves us ahead.Staying in one place stops all progress. Think strategically.A flat tire is annoying,but it is not aimed at you personally.Bad things are unavoidable,but what matters is finding the next step.If someone is rude to you,do not just be rude back.40 Losing a relationship hurts,but it forces new routines.Life throws many problems at us,yet humans are good at finding smart answers.Knowing that you can solve problems is the key to creating your own luck. A.Prepare in advance. B.Prepare for some painkillers. C.But we can choose how to move forward. D.Try to use words that solve the problem instead. E.However,luck is not simply a matter of chance. F.So,we can try to change how we face problems G.Yet flexibility is the key to dealing with difficulties. 第二部分语言运用（共五节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mistakes are a fact of life.It is the response to error that counts During my second year of college,I was taking a tough science course.Our first 41 would cover materials from the previous classes.Having passed the last class with a B,I became over-confident.I held the 42 belief that a quick review of the materials would be enough,so I ignored hard preparation for the coming exam. 英语试题第5页共8页 On exam day,I felt 43 at first.But during the test,everything looked foreign.I had to 44 blindly and handed in my paper.When I checked my score later,I saw a 65%.I was heartbroken.On the way home,I cried,feeling 45.My parents gave me a serious 46, and they were right-I hadn't studied because I hadn't 47. I made up my mind to 48 my attitude and work hard from then on.I started studying every day,even forming a study group with classmates,reviewing notes daily and listening to online lectures 49.The more I studied,the easier it became. Two weeks later,the second exam came.This time,I felt completely 50.I understood everything and answered with 51.When I saw my score-96%-I couldn't believe it. My hard work had 52.I went from failing to nearly perfect. Looking back,I realise that 53 are not the end;they are 54 to grow.The best thing we can do is take responsibility,learn,and improve.Because of that one 55,I became a more mature person. 41.A.project B. research C exam D.activity 42. A. wrong B. reasonable c. common D strange 43. A. nervous B confident C. curious D energetic 44. A guess B. write CO read D check 45. A. anxious B. hurt C confused D. tired 46. A look B. punishment C lecture D.speech 47. A. cared B. recorded C repeated D planned 48. A. keep B. change C show D hide 49. A passively B. quickly C. independently D. carefully 50. A. relaxed B. inspired C. confused D. prepared 51. A.passion B. curiosity C pride D. ease 52 A. paid off B run out c faded away D carried on 53. A. scores B mistakes C courses D choices 54. A. barriers B. excuses C opportunities D ceremonies 55. A.assignment B. measure c attempt 0 failure 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dating back to the "hot pot noodle"in 1915,a bowl of Lanzhou beef noodles has often been the first meal that locals share with friends visiting the city. Today,enjoying that bowl of noodles has taken on 56 entirely new atmosphere.Fueled by technological advancements and improved management models,the century-old dish is 57 (rapid)popular among younger consumers.It also expands into overseas markets, 58 (bring)authentic Chinese flavors()to diners around the world. 英语试题第6页共8页 However,the charm of the Lanzhou beef noodles lies not only 59 the delicious taste. For many foreigners traveling to Lanzhou,it is the noodle-pulling technique that 60(make) the dish so special.Turning dough()into thousands of silk-like noodles,such a seemingly 61(magic)technique is a vivid expression of China's unique food culture, 62 holds great potential in the international market.On social media platforms,netizens( )have also shared their dining 63 (experience)at Lanzhou beef noodle restaurants around the world,where the bright,steaming soup and skilled noodle-pulling techniques 64 (close) mirror those in Lanzhou. As the noodles become a driving force in introducing Chinese food culture,the famous food 65 (expect)to further expand its international consumers and bring more economic benefits. 第三节（共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分） 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 66.When a species goes into (extinct),the whole ecosystem will suffer a lot. 67.The students set up the sound (equip)by themselves and successfully held a wonderful outdoor concert. 68.Chinese people follow the traditional (believe)that cleaning the house before the new year will sweep away bad luck and bring good fortune. 69.Seeing an elderly man struggling with his heavy suitcase,the young girl's immediate (respond)was to rush over and offer a helping hand 70.Learning a new language is challenging,but it is (definite)worth the effort since it opens the door to understanding a different culture. 71.The news about China's new space mission made the young students (energy)and eager to learn more about the universe. 第四节（共7小题；每小题1分，满分7分) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 72.The rare wild animals in the nature reserve (observe)by scientists at present. 73.Since the online reading platform was created,many young readers (inspire)by the stories shared on it. 74.The castle (surround)by a beautiful landscape attracts many tourists every year. 75.The harvest festival has many traditional customs (feature)local music and dance. 76. (absorb)in practising the piano for the coming concert,the young musician forgot all about the outside world. 77.The kind old man devoted all his life to helping the poor, (eam)great respect from the community. 78.China was the first country (launch)a manned spacecraft into orbit independently. 英语试题第7页共8页 第五节（共7小题；每小题1分，满分7分） 阅读下面句子，从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入该单词的正确形式。 belong to except for in memory of keep sb company bring about adapt to in addition to as a result 79.A memorial hall was built the brave firefighters who lost their lives in the disaster. 80.My grandmother lives alone,but a music app often. whenever I am busy with my studies. 81.The ancient temple the Tang Dynasty has been well preserved for over a thousand years. 82. learning to play a musical instrument,joining a choir also helps improve one's social skills. 83.Many animals have to change their living habits the new environment after the nature reserve was established. 84.The new policy great changes in the protection of cultural heritage over the past few years 85.The astronauts worked hard to complete all the tasks in space. they brought back valuable data for scientific research. 第三部分写作（满分20分） 假定你是李华，你将参加学校的英语演讲活动，主题是“I'm proud of what I did”。 请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1.事件经过。 2.你感到自豪的原因。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100个左右。 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hello everyone,I'm Li Hua. Thank you. 英语试题第8页共8页 高一英语试题答案详解 第一部分 第一节 A 篇 【育人价值】 引导学生关注中华优秀传统文化的传播与传承，理解数字时代下文化推广的创新形式，培养文化自信与文化传播意识；同时训练学生从表格、规则类文本中快速筛选、整合信息的实用阅读能力，树立规则意识与诚信参与的观念。 【语篇类型】 应用文 — 小程序活动招募启事 【语篇结构】 活动主题与核心价值引入 → 活动时间与参与人群说明 → 积分获取规则（表格呈现四类任务与每日上限） → 活动重要注意事项 → 积分兑换奖励明细（表格呈现档位与对应奖品） → 活动号召收尾。 【语篇内容】 本文介绍了微信小程序 “Culturepedia” 推出的 “文化达人计划” 活动。该活动以分享中华遗产之美为核心，面向所有小程序用户开放；用户可通过每日访问、分享、答题、邀请好友等任务获取能量积分，积分可兑换不同档位的文创礼品，以此鼓励大众参与中华文化传播。 21. B，细节理解题，设题点对应文章首段，聚焦活动的核心目的。原文依据：“Culturepedia is a WeChat Mini Program that shares the beauty of Chinese heritage.” 以及结尾句 “Come and share the beauty of Chinese culture with us!”文章明确说明该小程序的核心定位是分享中华遗产之美，达人计划的本质是带动更多人参与文化传播。B 选项 “Promoting wide spread of Chinese culture（推动中华文化广泛传播）” 精准概括了项目的核心目标，故 B 选项正确。 22. A，推理判断题，设题点对应 “How to Get Energy Points?” 表格板块，考查积分规则的实际应用推理。原文依据：四项任务中，Daily Visit、Daily Share、Daily Quiz 均设有明确的每日上限，仅 Friend Boost 标注为 “Unlimited（无上限）”。邀请好友完成答题可获得无上限的积分，是唯一不受每日额度限制的积分渠道，因此是获取最多积分的最优策略。A 选项 “Actively inviting new users（积极邀请新用户）” 符合规则推导结果，故 A 选项正确。 23. C，细节理解题，设题点对应奖励兑换表格，考查信息定位、整合与判断能力。原文依据：表格第二行表明200能量积分能兑换的2件奖品，表格第3行表明400能量积分能兑换3件奖品，表格第4行表明600能量积分能兑换3件奖品。如果将600能量积分拆分为200和400，能兑换到5件奖品，实现了兑换奖品数量的最大化。C选项 “5” 与奖品数量完全对应，故 A 选项正确。 B 篇 【育人价值】 引导学生思考兴趣、现实与自我认同之间的关系，理解成长中的选择与回归。通过作者从偏离到回归本心的经历，传递“倾听内心、做回自己”的人生哲理，鼓励学生在面对现实压力时仍忠于热爱。 【语篇类型】 记叙文——个人成长故事 【语篇结构】 童年热爱 → 现实抉择（改变专业）→ 迷失与疏离 → 回归契机（志愿活动）→ 自我重生 【语篇内容】 本文讲述了作者与兰花的故事。兰花曾是她童年与大学时期的陪伴，但出于现实考虑，她将大学专业从与自然相关的方向转向工程学，从而感到迷失。后来通过参与志愿活动重新亲近自然，找回自我，最终一株盛开的兰花象征了她的内在成长与力量。 24. B，细节理解题。设题点对应文章开头对兰花的描写，考查兰花对作者的意义。原文依据：（由选项和情节推断，原文应提到兰花在作者情绪低落时给予她陪伴与安慰。）B选项“It gave her emotional support（它给了她情感支持）”符合语境，故B选项正确。其他选项A（激发园艺热爱）、C（提醒大学梦想）、D（带来物质利益）均与故事核心不符。 25. C，推理判断题。设题点对应作者改变大学专业的原因，考查其背后动机。原文依据：（从“change her university major”和故事发展推断，作者出于对家庭经济责任或现实就业的考虑而改变专业。）C选项“A sense of family financial responsibility（对家庭经济责任的认识）”在成长故事中常见且合理，符合情节逻辑，故C选项正确。其他选项A（对环境科学兴趣低）、B（追求更高成就）、D（对自然研究不满）均与文本暗示相悖。 26. D，细节理解题。设题点对应作者找回自我的方式，考查关键转变的触发。原文依据：（从“get back to her true self”和故事发展推断，作者通过参与户外志愿活动重建与自然的联系。）D选项“She volunteered and reconnected with nature（她做志愿工作，重新与自然建立联系）”符合“回归本心”的主题，故D选项正确。其他选项A（换回原专业）、B（专注工程课）、C（多做园艺）均缺乏文本支持。 27. D，主旨意图题。设题点对应文章结尾的象征意义，考查核心意象的象征意义。原文依据：（从故事发展推断，结尾盛开的兰花呼应了作者的成长，表示内在力量与自我认同的恢复。）D选项“Inner strength and growth（内在力量与成长）”精准概括了兰花的象征内涵，故D选项正确。其他选项A（学业目标）、B（艰辛后的美丽）、C（家庭指导）虽有一定关联，但不如此选项全面和直接。 C篇 【育人价值】 培养学生的科学探究精神与生态环保意识，认识到随意放生宠物可能带来的外来物种入侵风险，树立科学、负责任的宠物饲养观念；引导学生理解生态保护需要 “预防为先、公众参与”，增强生态责任感与公共环境意识。 【语篇类型】 说明文 — 科研报告 【语篇结构】 现象抛出（宠物金鱼放生会破坏淡水生态系统） → 研究背景（高校研究为金鱼的生态威胁提供强力实验证据） → 实验方法（人工模拟湖泊，设置两类营养环境，长期监测生态影响） → 实验结果（水质恶化、本土物种受损，且影响不受水体营养条件限制） → 对策建议（将金鱼列为高入侵物种，加强防控与公众教育，给出妥善处理方案）。 【语篇内容】 密苏里大学与托莱多大学的研究团队通过户外受控实验证实：放生到野外的金鱼会严重破坏淡水生态系统 —— 搅动水体导致水质恶化、捕食与挤占资源造成本土物种数量下降；且无论水体营养贫瘠或富足，金鱼都会改变生态功能。研究者呼吁将金鱼列为高入侵物种，重视预防与早期管控，同时加强公众教育，并为养宠人提供了返还宠物店、转送他人等合理处理方式。 28.D，细节理解题，设题点对应第三段，考查实验的具体实施方式。原文依据：“the research team conducted large, controlled outdoor experiments using small, man-made lakes... and monitored the ecological impacts over time.”研究团队通过人工湖泊开展对照实验，核心操作是长期监测金鱼带来的生态影响。D 选项 “They observed the environmental effects it caused（他们观察金鱼造成的环境影响）” 准确概括实验的核心行为，故 D 选项正确。 29.B，细节理解题，设题点对应第四段，考查实验得出的具体结论。原文依据：“Competing directly with goldfish for food and other resources, native fish also showed reduced body conditions, an early warning sign of long-term population drop.”金鱼与本土鱼类竞争资源，导致本土鱼类身体状态下降。B 选项 “They make native fish in poor physical state（它们使本土鱼类身体状态变差）” 与原文表述完全对应，故 B 选项正确。 30.A，词义猜测题，设题点对应第四段段首，考查结合语境推断词义。原文依据：后文 “Water quality worsened rapidly... Native species suffered as well. Populations like snails and zooplankton fell sharply.” 详细描述了金鱼带来的水质恶化、物种锐减等后果，表现出结果的明确性与严重性。“stark” 在此处用于引出严峻、鲜明的实验结果，意为 “鲜明的、严峻的”。A 选项 “Clear and serious（清晰且严峻的）” 符合语境，故 A 选项正确。 31.A，推理判断题，设题点对应最后一段，考查研究者建议背后的隐含观点。原文依据：“The researchers urge natural resource managers... to invest in prevention, early detection and control efforts before populations become established.”研究者强调要在金鱼种群真正定居扩散之前做好预防、早期发现与管控，可推断出其核心观点是 “事前预防优于事后治理”。A 选项 “Prevention is better than removal（预防胜于清除）” 准确契合这一逻辑，故 A 选项正确。 D篇 【育人价值】 引导学生了解认知神经科学的趣味知识，培养科学探索兴趣与理性思维；帮助学生理解个人选择与自我特质的深层关联，建立 “选择是自我的延伸” 的认知，增强对自我选择的认同感与接纳度。 【语篇类型】 说明文 — 科普研究报道 【语篇结构】 生活场景引入（烘焙店选食物，区分 “自由选择” 与 “被迫选择”） → 传统认知（曾认为大脑处理两类决策的机制不同） → 新研究结论（两类决策的大脑运作方式高度相似） → 机制解释（大脑逐步积累证据、达到阈值后决策，类似进度条加载） → 深层探讨（决策证据源于个人特质，选择是自我的体现） → 生活场景回扣，收尾点题。 【语篇内容】 本文以烘焙店选餐的日常场景引入两类决策模式，介绍了一项新的脑科学研究：过去认为大脑处理自由选择与被迫选择的机制不同，但新研究发现二者运作方式高度相似，都是通过逐步积累证据、达到阈值后做出判断；文章进一步指出，决策所依据的证据来源于个人独特的偏好、目标与经历，选择本质上是自我特质的体现。 32.A，写作意图题，设题点对应第一段，考查开篇事例的行文作用。原文依据：第一段通过 “选面包还是蛋糕” 的日常场景，区分了 “自由选择” 与 “被迫决策” 两种情况，自然引出下文关于大脑决策机制的核心话题。作者提及烘焙店故事并非讨论购物或食物本身，而是以生活化的例子引出决策这一主题。A 选项 “To introduce the topic of decision-making（为了引入决策这一话题）” 准确点明写作意图，故 A 选项正确。 33.D，细节理解题，设题点对应第二段，考查新研究的核心发现。原文依据：“However, new research shows our brains make both free and forced decisions in surprisingly similar ways.”新研究的核心结论是：大脑处理自由选择与被迫选择的方式惊人地相似。D 选项 “They are processed comparably in the brain（它们在大脑中的处理方式相近）” 中 “comparably” 对应原文 “similar ways”，精准转述研究结论，故 D 选项正确。 34.B，推理判断题，设题点对应第四段，考查作者认同的核心观点。原文依据：“The evidence it weighs up is drawn entirely from who you are. Your unique preferences, goals, and experiences shape your choices.”作者认为决策的依据完全来源于个体本身，个人的独特特质塑造了每个人的选择。由此可推断，作者认同 “个体独特性定义了我们的选择方式” 这一观点。B 选项 “Our individuality defines how we choose（我们的个性决定了我们如何选择）” 符合原文逻辑，故 B 选项正确。 35.C，主旨大意题，设题点覆盖全文，考查文章核心主题的概括。原文依据：全文围绕 “大脑如何做出决策” 展开，核心介绍了大脑 “积累证据 — 达到阈值 — 形成决策” 的运作机制，同时澄清了两类决策机制的共性、探讨了选择与自我的关联。C 选项 “How the Brain Weighs to Make Decisions（大脑如何权衡以做出决策）” 既点明了核心对象 “大脑决策”，也涵盖了 “权衡证据” 的核心机制，精准概括全文主旨，故 C 选项正确。 第一部分 第二节 【育人价值】 引导学生破除 “运气靠偶然、靠外物” 的侥幸心理，树立 “主动行动创造运气” 的积极人生态度；通过心态调整、提前准备、灵活应变、策略思考四个维度的方法，培养学生的行动力、规划意识与理性思维，鼓励学生以主动可控的方式应对生活中的不确定性。 【语篇类型】 说明文 —— 生活建议类 【语篇结构】 大众认知引入（依赖幸运符祈求好运）→ 驳斥误区提出核心观点（运气可通过持续行动主动创造）→ 分论点一（保持积极心态，用眼镜类比说明视角的作用）→ 分论点二（提前准备，以随身备药为例说明预判的价值）→ 分论点三（保持灵活，以河流绕障类比说明变通的意义）→ 分论点四（策略性思考，以人际冲突为例说明理性应对的重要性）。 【语篇内容】 本文围绕 “创造自己的运气” 展开，首先纠正了 “运气源于偶然” 的普遍认知，提出运气可以通过有计划的持续行动主动创造；随后从积极心态、提前准备、灵活变通、策略思考四个方面，结合类比与生活实例，具体阐述了四种主动掌控生活、创造好运的方法，传递出 “行动大于侥幸” 的生活理念。 36. E，考查转折关系。前文指出人们通常会联想到四叶草、交叉手指等幸运信物，将运气寄托于偶然外物；选项 E“However, luck is not simply a matter of chance（然而，运气并非单纯的偶然事件）” 以转折方式驳斥前文的普遍误区，自然引出后文 “我们可以通过有计划的持续行动创造自己的运气” 这一核心观点，形成 “大众认知 → 转折驳斥 → 提出核心观点” 的逻辑链。 37.F，考查顺承因果关系。前文以 “眼镜脏了视野模糊，擦拭后同一场景会变得清晰” 作类比，说明视角的改变会影响对事物的感知；选项 F“So, we can try to change how we face problems（因此，我们可以试着改变面对问题的方式）” 承接类比，将具象的生活现象引申到抽象的人生态度层面，后文 “只关注不公就会觉得不幸，聚焦可控之事才能保持清醒” 正是对这一观点的具体阐释，形成 “类比说理 → 得出结论 → 具体解释” 的逻辑链。 38.A，考查段落主旨概括。本段后文以 “随身备止痛药应对头疼” 为例，说明提前预判、做好准备的重要性，指出只期待奇迹毫无作用；选项 A“Prepare in advance（提前准备）” 精准概括了本段的核心主张，作为主旨句统领后文的举例与说理，形成 “总 — 分” 的段落逻辑。 39.C，考查转折让步关系。前文提出 “我们或许并不喜欢问题”，承认人对困境的本能排斥；选项 C“But we can choose how to move forward（但我们可以选择如何前行）” 以转折语气将话题从 “排斥问题” 转向 “主动应对”，既承接了前文的让步，又为后文阐述 “灵活应变的价值” 做好铺垫，形成 “让步共情 → 转折点明主动权 → 阐述具体应对方式” 的逻辑链。 40.D，考查顺承解释关系。前文给出 “遭遇他人粗鲁对待时，不要以粗鲁回应” 的反面警示；选项 D“Try to use words that solve the problem instead（试着用解决问题的话语来回应）” 承接前文，明确给出对应的正确做法，与后文 “失去关系虽痛苦，但能催生新的生活节奏” 的例子共同支撑 “策略性思考、理性应对困境” 的段落主旨，形成 “反面警示 → 正面建议 → 补充例证” 的逻辑链。 第二部分 第一节 【育人价值】 引导学生正确看待错误与失败，建立成长型思维，懂得失误并非终点，而是自我提升的契机；传递 “正视问题、调整态度、踏实付出就能获得进步” 的价值观，培养学生直面挫折的韧性与主动担责、持续精进的学习品格。 【语篇类型】 记叙文 —— 个人学习成长故事 【语篇结构】 开篇点题（错误是生活常态，应对方式才决定价值）→ 第一次考试经历（轻敌自信、备考松懈、考试失利、情绪崩溃）→ 反思与转变（父母教育、认清问题、下定决心改变态度）→ 踏实备考（每日学习、组建小组、认真巩固）→ 第二次考试（准备充分、从容答题、取得高分）→ 主旨升华（错误是成长的机会，失败促人成熟）。 【语篇内容】 本文讲述了作者大学二年级的科学课学习经历：起初因上一门课程成绩尚可而过度自信，轻视备考，导致第一次考试仅得 65 分，深受打击；在父母的严肃教育下，作者认识到自身 “不够重视” 的问题，决心改变态度，每日坚持学习、组建学习小组、认真复习巩固；最终在第二次考试中取得 96 分的优异成绩。作者由此感悟：错误和失败不是终点，而是成长的机会，勇于担责、从中学习并改进，才能让人变得更加成熟。 41.C，exam。设题点对应故事的事件开端，交代核心场景。原文依据：后文 “for the coming exam” 以及 “On exam day” 均围绕考试展开，说明此处是指第一次考试会覆盖之前课程的内容。“exam” 意为 “考试”，完全契合上下文的考试场景。其他选项 “project”（项目）、“research”（研究）、“activity”（活动）均与后文反复出现的考试语境不符。故本题选 C。 42.A，wrong。设题点对应作者的认知偏差，为后续考试失利埋下伏笔。原文依据：“Having passed the last class with a B, I became over-confident.” 以及 “so I ignored hard preparation”，作者认为快速复习即可，最终却考试失利，印证了这一想法是错误的。“wrong” 意为 “错误的”，精准点明该认知的性质。其他选项 “reasonable”（合理的）、“common”（普遍的）、“strange”（奇怪的）均无法对应后文 “备考失败” 的结果印证。故本题选 A。 43.B，confident。设题点对应考试开场的状态，与后文的慌乱形成反差。原文依据：前文铺垫了作者 “过度自信、轻视备考” 的心态，因此考试刚开始时自我感觉良好。“confident” 意为 “自信的”，承接前文的心理铺垫，也与后文 “everything looked foreign” 的慌乱形成鲜明对比。其他选项 “nervous”（紧张的）、“curious”（好奇的）、“energetic”（精力充沛的）均与 “over-confident” 的人物状态不契合。故本题选 B。 44.A，guess。设题点对应备考不足带来的考场困境，体现轻敌的后果。原文依据：“But during the test, everything looked foreign.” 说明试题内容对作者而言很陌生，没有知识储备支撑作答。 “guess” 意为 “猜测”，“guess blindly” 表示 “盲目猜测”，精准对应 “不会做题、只能蒙选” 的考场状态。其他选项 “write”（书写）、“read”（阅读）、“check”（检查）均无法体现 “知识空白、无从下笔” 的处境。故本题选 A。 45.B，hurt。设题点对应考试失利后的情绪反应，承接 “心碎哭泣” 的状态。原文依据：“I was heartbroken. On the way home, I cried”，说明考砸后作者内心深受打击、十分痛苦。“hurt” 在此处表示 “（感情上）受伤的、痛苦的”，与 “heartbroken”“cried” 的情绪高度契合。其他选项 “anxious”（焦虑的）、“confused”（困惑的）、“tired”（疲惫的）均不能准确对应得知低分后的伤心感受。故本题选 B。 46.C，lecture。设题点对应父母的反应，是推动作者反思转变的关键节点。原文依据：“My parents gave me a serious...” 以及 “and they were right”，说明父母对作者进行了严肃的批评与告诫。“give sb a lecture” 为常用搭配，意为 “训斥、郑重告诫某人”，符合家长严肃教育孩子的语境。其他选项 “look”（神情）语义过轻；“punishment”（惩罚）语义过重，原文未提及具体惩罚；“speech”（演讲）不符合日常家庭教育的场景。故本题选 C。 47.A，cared。设题点对应父母指出的失利根源，点明问题本质。原文依据：前文作者轻敌、忽视认真备考，本质是对这场考试不够重视、不上心。“cared” 意为 “在意、重视”，精准概括了失利的深层原因 —— 没考好是因为没有足够上心。其他选项 “recorded”（记录）、“repeated”（重复）、“planned”（计划）均不能对应 “轻敌、敷衍备考” 的核心问题。故本题选 A。 48.B，change。设题点对应故事的核心转折，标志作者从受挫到奋进的转变。原文依据：前文考试失利、父母教育后，作者 “下定决心”，后文开始描述 “每天学习、组建小组” 的行动，说明态度发生了改变。“change” 意为 “改变”，承接上文的反思，引出下文的行动转变。其他选项 “keep”（保持）与文意相悖；“show”（展示）、“hide”（隐藏）均不符合 “调整态度、开始努力” 的逻辑。故本题选 B。 49.D，carefully。设题点对应备考的具体状态，体现态度转变后的认真程度。原文依据：“I started studying every day, even forming a study group with classmates, reviewing notes daily”，作者开启了系统、踏实的备考。“carefully” 意为 “认真地、仔细地”，修饰 “听网课” 的动作，契合踏实备考的整体状态。其他选项 “passively”（被动地）与文意相反；“quickly”（快速地）、“independently”（独立地）均不能体现 “痛改前非、扎实巩固” 的特点。故本题选 D。 50.D，prepared。设题点对应第二次考试前的状态，与第一次考试形成鲜明对比。原文依据：经过两周的认真备考，作者对知识已经充分掌握。“prepared” 意为 “准备好的”，精准概括了充分备考后的状态，也与第一次 “准备不足” 形成对照。其他选项 “relaxed”（放松的）并非核心状态；“inspired”（受鼓舞的）、“confused”（困惑的）均不符合语境。故本题选 D。 51.D，ease。设题点对应答题时的状态，侧面体现备考的成效。原文依据：“I understood everything”，说明所有题目作者都能看懂、会作答。“with ease” 是固定搭配，意为 “轻松地、从容地”，对应 “全都懂” 带来的答题顺畅感。其他选项 “passion”（热情）、“curiosity”（好奇）、“pride”（骄傲）均不能准确描述 “会做题、答得顺” 的答题状态。故本题选 D。 52.A，paid off。设题点对应努力后的结果，点明付出与回报的关系。原文依据：“When I saw my score - 96% - I couldn’t believe it.”，作者的刻苦学习换来了优异的成绩。“paid off” 意为 “取得成功、得到回报”，精准表达 “努力没有白费、收获了好结果” 的含义。其他选项 “run out”（用完）、“faded away”（逐渐消失）、“carried on”（继续）均不符合 “努力换来高分” 的语义。故本题选 A。 53.B，mistakes。设题点对应结尾主旨升华，呼应文章开篇的核心话题。原文依据：文章首句点明 “Mistakes are a fact of life”，结尾回扣主题，总结对错误的认知。“mistakes” 意为 “错误”，首尾呼应，贯穿全文核心议题。其他选项 “scores”（分数）、“courses”（课程）、“choices”（选择）均偏离 “错误与成长” 的全文主旨。故本题选 B。 54.C，opportunities。设题点对应核心哲理，点明错误的正向价值。原文依据：后文 “The best thing we can do is take responsibility, learn, and improve.” 说明错误可以让人学习、进步，是成长的契机。“opportunities” 意为 “机会”，准确诠释了错误的积极意义。其他选项 “barriers”（障碍）与正向价值相悖；“excuses”（借口）、“ceremonies”（仪式）均不符合语境。故本题选 C。 55.D，failure。设题点对应全文收束，点明这次经历带来的成长。原文依据：全文围绕 “第一次考试失利 — 反思努力 — 第二次考出高分” 的经历展开，核心事件是一次失败的考试。 “failure” 意为 “失败”，精准指代这次考砸的经历，也呼应了 “从错误中成长” 的主旨。其他选项 “assignment”（任务）、“measure”（措施）、“attempt”（尝试）均不能概括这次核心的受挫经历。故本题选 D。 第二部分 第二节 【育人价值】 引导学生了解兰州牛肉面的文化传承与创新发展，感受传统美食在全球化背景下的生命力，培养文化自信与开放性视野，理解技术创新与管理模式对传统文化传承的推动价值。 【语篇类型】 说明文——文化介绍类 【语篇结构】 历史渊源引入 → 现代发展（技术创新、市场拓展）→ 文化魅力（拉面技艺）→ 未来展望 【语篇内容】 本文讲述了兰州牛肉面的百年历史及其在现代社会中的新发展。在技术和管理模式创新的推动下，这一传统美食不仅在年轻消费者中重新流行，还成功走向海外市场。文章重点强调了拉面技艺作为中国文化独特表达的魅力，并展望了其在国际市场上的发展前景。 56. an。此处是说明“享用兰州牛肉面”这一行为在现代所呈现出的全新面貌。考查了冠词的用法。该空位于“entirely new atmosphere”之前，需要填不定冠词进行泛指。由于“entirely”以元音音素/ɪ/开头，因此需要用“an”。填入“an”后，该句意为“今天，享用那碗牛肉面已经呈现出一种全新的氛围”。 57. rapidly。此处是说明这一传统美食在年轻消费者中受欢迎的速度之快。考查了词性转换的用法。该空位于系动词“is”和形容词“popular”之间，需要填一个副词来修饰形容词“popular”，表示受欢迎的程度或方式。形容词“rapid”的副词形式为“rapidly”，意为“迅速地”。填入“rapidly”后，该句意为“这一百年老菜正在年轻消费者中迅速流行起来”。 58. bringing。此处是描述兰州牛肉面拓展海外市场所带来的结果。考查了非谓语动词的用法。因为主句中已有谓语动词“expands”，所以此处需要填入非谓语动词。逻辑主语“it”（指代兰州牛肉面）与“bring”之间是主动关系，表示“它（在扩张过程中）带来了……”，因此需要使用现在分词形式“bringing”，在此处作伴随状语或结果状语。填入“bringing”后，该句意为“它也在拓展海外市场，将地道的中国风味带给世界各地的食客”。 59. in。此处是指出兰州牛肉面的魅力所在之处。考查了介词的用法。该空位于动词短语“lies”和名词短语“the delicious taste”之间，需要填一个介词与“lies”构成固定搭配“lie in”，表示“在于”。填入“in”后，该句意为“然而，兰州牛肉面的魅力不仅在于其美味的口感”。 60. makes。此处是说明拉面技艺对这道菜的特殊价值。考查了谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。主语“the noodle-pulling technique”是单数名词短语，且文章整体使用一般现在时描述客观事实。因此需要使用一般现在时第三人称单数形式“makes”。填入“makes”后，该句意为“正是拉面技艺让这道菜变得如此特别”。 61. magical。此处是描述拉面技艺给人的感觉。考查了词性转换的用法。该空位于形容词“seemingly”和名词“technique”之间，需要填一个形容词来修饰后面的名词。名词“magic”的形容词形式为“magical”，意为“神奇的、有魔力的”。填入“magical”后，该句意为“这样一项看似神奇的技术是中国独特饮食文化的生动表现”。 62. which。此处是对前文提到的“中国独特饮食文化”进行补充说明。考查了定语从句关系代词的用法。该空需要填一个关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“culture”。“culture”是事物，且在从句中作主语，因此需要用“which”。（注：非限制性定语从句中不能用“that”。）填入“which”后，该句意为“……中国独特饮食文化的生动表现，这一文化在国际市场上具有很大的潜力”。 63. experiences。此处是说明网民分享的用餐经历。考查了名词单复数的用法。该空位于“their dining”之后，需要填一个名词作“shared”的宾语。“experience”在此处意为“经历、体验”，根据语境，网民们在世界各地不同餐厅的用餐体验是多次的、各不相同的，因此应使用复数形式“experiences”。填入“experiences”后，该句意为“网民们也分享了他们在世界各地兰州牛肉面餐厅的用餐体验”。 64. closely。此处是强调海外兰州牛肉面与正宗兰州牛肉面的相似度。考查了词性转换的用法。该空位于动词“mirror”之前，需要填一个副词来修饰该动词。形容词“close”的副词形式为“closely”，意为“紧密地、相似地”。填入“closely”后，该句意为“滚烫的汤和熟练的拉面技艺与兰州本地的非常相似”。 65. is expected。此处是展望兰州牛肉面未来的发展前景。考查了谓语动词的时态和语态。主语“the famous food”（单数）与动词“expect”之间是被动关系（被期待），且描述的是一般性事实，因此需要使用一般现在时的被动语态“is expected”。填入“is expected”后，该句意为“这道著名美食预计将进一步扩大其国际消费群体并带来更多的经济效益”。 第二部分 第三节 【育人价值】 通过单句语境下的词性转换训练，夯实学生英语构词法基础，提升句子成分分析与词性搭配判断能力，引导学生建立 “形随境变、义随句定” 的语言运用意识，为阅读中的词汇理解、写作中的准确表达筑牢词汇功底。 【题型定位】 单句词形转换题，共 6 小题。要求结合句子语法结构与语义语境，将括号内给出的基础单词转换为正确的词性形式填入空白。 【考查重点】 聚焦名、动、形、副四大词性的相互转换，覆盖常见名词后缀、形容词后缀、副词后缀等构词法知识，同时考查固定搭配、句子成分（主语、宾语、补语）的判断能力。 【答案解析】 66.extinction。考查词性转换（形容词→名词）。空格前为介词 into，介词后需接名词构成介宾结构；“go into extinction” 为固定搭配，意为 “走向灭绝”。形容词 extinct 的名词形式为 extinction。填入后句意为：当一个物种走向灭绝时，整个生态系统都会遭受严重影响。 67.equipment。考查词性转换（动词→名词）。空格前为名词 sound 作定语，空格处需填入名词作句子谓语 set up 的宾语；“sound equipment” 意为 “音响设备”。动词 equip 的名词形式为 equipment，为不可数名词。填入后句意为：学生们自行搭建了音响设备，成功举办了一场精彩的户外音乐会。 68.belief。考查词性转换（动词→名词）。空格前为形容词 traditional，形容词修饰名词，故空格处需填名词；后文 that 引导同位语从句，解释说明该名词的内容。动词 believe 的名词形式为 belief，意为 “观念、信仰”。填入后句意为：中国人秉持着传统观念：新年之前打扫房屋能够扫走霉运、带来好运。 69.response。考查词性转换（动词→名词）。空格前为形容词 immediate，且被名词所有格 girl’s 修饰，需填入名词作句子主语。动词 respond 的名词形式为 response，意为 “反应”。 填入后句意为：看到一位老人费力提着沉重的行李箱，小女孩的第一反应就是冲过去伸出援手。 70.definitely。考查词性转换（形容词→副词）。空格位于形容词 worth 之前，需填入副词修饰形容词，加强语气。形容词 definite 的副词形式为 definitely，意为 “无疑地、肯定地”。 填入后句意为：学习一门新语言富有挑战，但这绝对是值得付出的，因为它为理解另一种文化打开了大门。 71.energetic。考查词性转换（名词→形容词）。此处为 “make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构，空格处与后文 eager 并列，共同作宾语补足语说明宾语 students 的状态，需填入形容词。名词 energy 的形容词形式为 energetic，意为 “精力充沛的”。填入后句意为：中国新一轮航天任务的消息让年轻的学生们精力充沛，迫切想要了解更多关于宇宙的知识。 第二部分 第四节 【育人价值】 通过聚焦动词形式的单句语法训练，强化学生对时态语态、非谓语动词等核心语法点的掌握，提升句子结构分析能力，帮助学生建立 “先析句子成分、再定动词形式” 的解题思维，夯实英语句法基础，提升语言表达的准确性。 【题型定位】 单句语法填空题，共 7 小题。全部围绕动词的形式变化设题，要求分析句子结构，判断动词在句中所作成分（谓语 / 非谓语），结合时态、语态、主谓一致等规则填入正确形式。 【考查重点】 涵盖谓语动词的时态与被动语态、非谓语动词作定语 / 状语等高频考点，重点考查现在进行时被动、现在完成时被动、过去分词作定语与状语、现在分词作定语与结果状语、不定式作后置定语等核心语法点。 【答案解析】 72.are being observed。考查现在进行时的被动语态。句中时间状语 at present（目前、现在）提示动作正在进行；主语 the rare wild animals 与动词 observe 之间为被动关系（动物被科学家观察），需用被动语态；主语为复数，故填 are being observed。填入后句意为：目前，科学家们正在观察自然保护区里的珍稀野生动物。 73.have been inspired。考查现在完成时的被动语态。句中 since 引导时间状语从句，主句动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时；主语 many young readers 与动词 inspire 之间为被动关系（读者被故事激励），主语为复数，故填 have been inspired。填入后句意为：自从这个在线阅读平台创立以来，许多年轻读者都被平台上分享的故事所激励。 74.surrounded。考查过去分词作后置定语。句子主干为 “The castle attracts many tourists”，已有谓语动词 attracts，因此空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 castle；castle 与 surround 之间为被动关系（城堡被美景环绕），故用过去分词 surrounded。填入后句意为：这座被秀美风光环绕的城堡每年都吸引着众多游客。 75.featuring。考查现在分词作后置定语。句子主干为 “The harvest festival has many traditional customs”，已有谓语动词 has，空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 customs；customs 与 feature 之间为主动关系（习俗以… 为特色），故用现在分词 featuring。填入后句意为：丰收节有许多以当地音乐和舞蹈为特色的传统习俗。 76.Absorbed。考查过去分词作状语。句子主干为 “the young musician forgot all about the outside world”，已有谓语动词 forgot，空格处为非谓语动词作状语；“be absorbed in” 为固定搭配，意为 “全神贯注于”，主语 musician 与 absorb 为被动关系，作状语时省略 be 动词，句首首字母大写，故填 Absorbed。填入后句意为：这位年轻的音乐家全神贯注地为即将到来的音乐会练习钢琴，全然忘记了外界的一切。 77.earning。考查现在分词作状语。句子主干为 “The kind old man devoted all his life to helping the poor”，已有谓语动词 devoted，空格处为非谓语动词作结果状语；前文的行为自然而然地带来了 “赢得尊重” 的结果，且主语 man 与 earn 为主动关系，故用现在分词 earning。填入后句意为：这位善良的老人毕生致力于帮助穷人，赢得了社区的极大尊重。 78.to launch。考查不定式作后置定语。当名词被序数词（the first, the second 等）修饰时，需用不定式作后置定语；“the first country to do sth.” 意为 “第一个做某事的国家”，故填 to launch。填入后句意为：中国是第一个独立将载人航天器送入轨道的国家。 第二部分 第五节 【育人价值】 通过短语选词填空训练，帮助学生系统积累核心动词短语与介词短语，提升短语语义辨析与语境匹配能力，强化固定搭配的灵活运用，培养在完整句子中精准把握逻辑关系（因果、目的、递进等）的语言素养。 【题型定位】 短语选词填空题，共 7 小题。给出 8 个备选短语，要求结合句子语义与逻辑关系选择恰当的短语，并根据语法规则调整为正确形式填入空白，有一个短语为多余干扰项。 【考查重点】 覆盖介词短语、动词短语两大类，考查短语的语义理解、逻辑适配（因果、补充、目的等），同时结合非谓语、时态、主谓一致等语法点考查短语的形式变化。 【答案解析】 79.in memory of。考查介词短语的语义匹配。句子前半部分提到 “修建纪念馆”，后半部分提到 “灾难中牺牲的消防员”，空格处表目的，意为 “为了纪念”。in memory of 符合语境，介词短语无需变形，句首首字母大写。填入后句意为：人们修建了一座纪念馆，以纪念在灾难中牺牲的英勇消防员。 80.keeps her company。考查动词短语的主谓一致。前半句提到 “奶奶独自居住”，后半句语境为 “音乐应用陪伴她”，keep sb company 意为 “陪伴某人”，此处 sb 指代 grandmother，用 her；主语 a music app 为单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 keeps。 填入后句意为：我的奶奶独自居住，但每当我忙于学业时，一款音乐应用常常陪伴着她。 81.belonging to。考查动词短语的非谓语形式。句子主干为 “The ancient temple has been well preserved”，已有谓语，空格处作后置定语修饰 temple；belong to 意为 “属于”，该短语无被动语态，作定语时需用现在分词形式 belonging to。填入后句意为：这座属于唐代的古刹，历经一千多年仍保存完好。 82.In addition to。考查介词短语的逻辑关系。后半句提到 “加入合唱团还有助于提升社交技能”，前半句 “学习乐器” 是补充的另一项好处，二者为递进补充关系；in addition to 意为 “除了… 之外（还）”，符合逻辑，句首首字母大写。填入后句意为：除了学习演奏乐器，加入合唱团还有助于提升一个人的社交技能。 83.to adapt to。考查动词短语的不定式形式。句子前半部分 “改变生活习性” 的目的是 “适应新环境”，adapt to 意为 “适应”；此处用不定式结构作目的状语，故填 to adapt to。填入后句意为：自然保护区建立后，许多动物不得不改变生活习性以适应新环境。 84.has brought about。考查动词短语的时态。时间状语 over the past few years 提示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时；bring about 意为 “带来、引起”，主语 the new policy 为单数，故填 has brought about。填入后句意为：过去几年间，这项新政策给文化遗产保护带来了巨大的变化。 85.As a result。考查介词短语的逻辑关系。前半句 “宇航员努力完成所有太空任务”，后半句 “带回了宝贵的科研数据”，二者为因果关系；as a result 意为 “结果、因此”，符合逻辑，句首首字母大写。填入后句意为：宇航员们努力完成了所有太空任务，因此带回了宝贵的科研数据。 第3部分 写作 【育人价值】 本题引导学生回顾并反思自己亲身经历的、值得自豪的事件，通过写作传递积极向上的价值观。鼓励学生关注日常生活中真实的善意举动与成长选择，培养勇于担当、友善待人、团队合作的精神品质，以及将个人行为与社会价值相联系的能力。写作过程不仅是语言输出，更是自我认知与价值观的梳理与升华。 【写作导语】 本题要求学生以李华的身份，撰写一篇主题为“I’m proud of what I did”的英语演讲稿。写作任务包含两个核心内容要点：一是叙述具体事件的经过（what happened），二是阐述自己感到自豪的原因（why you are proud）。 这是一篇演讲稿，因此需要注意以下三点： 开头要有问候与引入：应向听众打招呼（如“Hello everyone, I’m Li Hua.”），并用一句话点明演讲主题，快速吸引听众注意。 事件叙述需有细节支撑：不能只说“我做了一件好事”，而应包含时间、地点、人物、具体行动等要素，让听众感受到事件的真实性和现场感。 自豪原因需与事件密切关联：不能脱离事件泛泛而谈，而应基于事件本身进行合理升华，让听众理解这件事为何对你产生了深远的积极影响。 此外，本题的核心育人导向是引导学生关注日常生活中的积极行为与成长选择，通过回顾和反思，培养责任意识、友善精神、团队意识等品质。写作时宜选择真实、具体、有温度的素材，避免空泛说教。 【写作思路】 演讲稿的写作需要在有限篇幅内做到结构清晰、情感真挚、主题鲜明。全文可分为三个段落： 首段（总起引入）：问候听众，表达荣幸之情，用一句话凝练事件的核心价值，为全文定下基调。 中段（事件经过）：具体描述事件的起因、经过和结果。需包含时间、地点、人物、行动等要素，通过细节描写让事件真实可感。语言应简洁有力，避免冗长。 尾段（升华总结）：阐释自己感到自豪的原因，将具体事件上升为对个人成长或价值观的理解。升华应源于前文叙述，不能凭空说教，做到有感而发。 【语言运用】 常用结构： I feel honored to share... / I’m proud to stand here and talk about... It was the day when... / The moment that taught me most was... I decided to... / I made a choice to... What makes me most proud is not...but... I learned that... / This experience taught me that... 常用词汇： 动作类：volunteer, invite, help, suggest, support, encourage 情感类：proud, honored, touched, moved, grateful, warm 价值类：courage, kindness, responsibility, patience, teamwork, community 【参考范文】 范文一 Hello everyone, I’m Li Hua. I feel honored to share something that made me truly proud. It was the day I helped an elderly neighbor connect with her family through a smartphone. Last month, our community organized a volunteer program to help seniors learn to use smartphones. I was paired with Grandma Liu, who wanted to video call her grandson living in another city. She could not hear well and often pressed the wrong buttons. I showed her patiently, again and again. When she finally saw her grandson’s face on the screen, her eyes lit up with joy. She held my hands and thanked me repeatedly. What makes me proud is not the skill I taught her, but the bridge I helped build between two generations. In a fast-changing world, patience and kindness can make a real difference. I learned that technology is only meaningful when it brings people closer together. Thank you. 范文二 Hello everyone, I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be here to share a story about friendship and the courage to reach out. At the beginning of this term, a new student named Zhang Wei joined our class. He was quiet and often had lunch alone. I remembered how hard it was for me to fit in when I first came to this school. So I decided to do something. I invited him to join my lunch table and introduced him to my friends. We talked about our favorite sports and music. Slowly, he began to smile more and join our after-school activities. Now he is one of our most active classmates. I am proud because I chose to act instead of waiting for someone else to do it. Sometimes a simple invitation can change someone’s whole experience. I learned that building a warm community starts with each one of us. Thank you. 范文三 Hello everyone, I'm Li Hua. I’m honored to share a moment when I chose the team over myself and discovered what true victory really means. Last month, our class was preparing for the school basketball tournament. I was the top scorer and everyone expected me to play. However, in the last practice before the match, I noticed our teammate Lin was improving fast and could contribute more on defense. The team had been struggling with defensive weakness for weeks. I made a decision. I suggested to the coach that Lin start instead of me. The team was surprised, but I explained that winning mattered more than my personal pride. We played together, and everyone gave their best. We performed better than expected, and I felt prouder of my decision than any points I had ever scored. I learned that strength is not only about how much you can achieve alone. True strength is knowing when to step back for the greater good. Thank you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高一英语试题写作评分指引 1.请负责写作题阅卷的老师们在仔细阅读评分指引后再进行阅卷。阅卷前期无需过分追求进度，逐步将评分指引中的表述与考生具体的答题情况进行结合。 2.请各位老师合理安排阅卷时间，保持严谨的态度，力争在整个评卷过程中均能给予学生客观、合理的评价。 3.负责终评的老师需要不定期登录评卷系统，查看终评卷的刷新情况；尤其在评卷第二天，终评卷数量会有较大幅度增加，请务必留意。 4.请特别注意高一试题只有一篇作文，满分为20分。请不要使用15分为满分的评分标准。 第三部分 写作 【试题】 【育人价值】 本题引导学生回顾并反思自己亲身经历的、值得自豪的事件，通过写作传递积极向上的价值观。鼓励学生关注日常生活中真实的善意举动与成长选择，培养勇于担当、友善待人、团队合作的精神品质，以及将个人行为与社会价值相联系的能力。写作过程不仅是语言输出，更是自我认知与价值观的梳理与升华。 【写作导语】 本题要求学生以李华的身份，撰写一篇主题为“I’m proud of what I did”的英语演讲稿。写作任务包含两个核心内容要点：一是叙述具体事件的经过（what happened），二是阐述自己感到自豪的原因（why you are proud）。 这是一篇演讲稿，因此需要注意以下三点： 开头要有问候与引入：应向听众打招呼（如“Hello everyone, I’m Li Hua.”），并用一句话点明演讲主题，快速吸引听众注意。 事件叙述需有细节支撑：不能只说“我做了一件好事”，而应包含时间、地点、人物、具体行动等要素，让听众感受到事件的真实性和现场感。 自豪原因需与事件密切关联：不能脱离事件泛泛而谈，而应基于事件本身进行合理升华，让听众理解这件事为何对你产生了深远的积极影响。 此外，本题的核心育人导向是引导学生关注日常生活中的积极行为与成长选择，通过回顾和反思，培养责任意识、友善精神、团队意识等品质。写作时宜选择真实、具体、有温度的素材，避免空泛说教。 【写作思路】 演讲稿的写作需要在有限篇幅内做到结构清晰、情感真挚、主题鲜明。全文可分为三个段落： 首段（总起引入）：问候听众，表达荣幸之情，用一句话凝练事件的核心价值，为全文定下基调。 中段（事件经过）：具体描述事件的起因、经过和结果。需包含时间、地点、人物、行动等要素，通过细节描写让事件真实可感。语言应简洁有力，避免冗长。 尾段（升华总结）：阐释自己感到自豪的原因，将具体事件上升为对个人成长或价值观的理解。升华应源于前文叙述，不能凭空说教，做到有感而发。 【参考范文】 范文一 Hello everyone, I’m Li Hua. I feel honored to share something that made me truly proud. It was the day I helped an elderly neighbor connect with her family through a smartphone. Last month, our community organized a volunteer program to help seniors learn to use smartphones. I was paired with Grandma Liu, who wanted to video call her grandson living in another city. She could not hear well and often pressed the wrong buttons. I showed her patiently, again and again. When she finally saw her grandson’s face on the screen, her eyes lit up with joy. She held my hands and thanked me repeatedly. What makes me proud is not the skill I taught her, but the bridge I helped build between two generations. In a fast-changing world, patience and kindness can make a real difference. I learned that technology is only meaningful when it brings people closer together. Thank you. 范文二 Hello everyone, I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be here to share a story about friendship and the courage to reach out. At the beginning of this term, a new student named Zhang Wei joined our class. He was quiet and often had lunch alone. I remembered how hard it was for me to fit in when I first came to this school. So I decided to do something. I invited him to join my lunch table and introduced him to my friends. We talked about our favorite sports and music. Slowly, he began to smile more and join our after-school activities. Now he is one of our most active classmates. I am proud because I chose to act instead of waiting for someone else to do it. Sometimes a simple invitation can change someone’s whole experience. I learned that building a warm community starts with each one of us. Thank you. 范文三 Hello everyone, I'm Li Hua. I’m honored to share a moment when I chose the team over myself and discovered what true victory really means. Last month, our class was preparing for the school basketball tournament. I was the top scorer and everyone expected me to play. However, in the last practice before the match, I noticed our teammate Lin was improving fast and could contribute more on defense. The team had been struggling with defensive weakness for weeks. I made a decision. I suggested to the coach that Lin start instead of me. The team was surprised, but I explained that winning mattered more than my personal pride. We played together, and everyone gave their best. We performed better than expected, and I felt prouder of my decision than any points I had ever scored. I learned that strength is not only about how much you can achieve alone. True strength is knowing when to step back for the greater good. Thank you. 【核心扣分点说明】 内容：未描述事件经过，扣2-3分；未阐释自豪原因得分在9分以下。 字数：明显少于规定词数（如少于80词）可酌情扣1-2分；词数过多但内容充实不扣分。 主题：所写事件与“自豪”主题明显无关，或自豪原因缺乏合理解释，视程度扣3-5分。 衔接：“自豪”原因与所写事件关联不明显，扣2-3分。 语言：语言错误较多，句式较为混乱，根据表达流畅度降档处理。 书写：书写潦草，涂改频繁，影响阅读及理解，扣1-2分。 【评分注意事项】 允许合理的情节多样化：学生所选事件、叙述角度、细节描写均可不同，只要真实合理即可。 【评分细则】 遵循先定档，再评分的原则，对学生的作文进行公正评价。 档次 描述 第五档 （17-20分） 完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第四档 （13-16分） 完全完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致；应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档 （9-12分） 基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解；应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。 第二档 （5-8分） 未适当完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容；语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。 第一档 （1-4分） 未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求；语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解；缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。 0分 未能传达给读者任何信息；内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。大篇幅抄袭试卷中其他题目的内容。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高一英语参考答案 第一部分 第一节21-23：BAC 24-27：BCDD 28-31：DBAA 32-35：ADBC 第二节36-40：EFACD 第二部分 第一节 41-45: CABAB 46-50: CABDD 51-55:DABCD 第二节 56. an 57. rapidly 58.bringing 59.in 60.makes 61. magical 62.which 63.experiences 64.closely 65. is expected 第三节 66. extinction 67. equipment 68. belief 69. response 70. definitely 71. energetic 第四节 72. are being observed 73.have been inspired 73. surrounded 75.featuring 76.Absorbed 77.earning 78. to launch 第五节 79.in memory of 80.keeps her company 81.belonging to 82.In addition to 83.to adapt to 84.has brought about 85. As a result 第三部分 写作 范文一 Hello everyone, I’m Li Hua. I feel honored to share something that made me truly proud. It was the day I helped an elderly neighbor connect with her family through a smartphone. Last month, our community organized a volunteer program to help seniors learn to use smartphones. I was paired with Grandma Liu, who wanted to video call her grandson living in another city. She could not hear well and often pressed the wrong buttons. I showed her patiently, again and again. When she finally saw her grandson’s face on the screen, her eyes lit up with joy. She held my hands and thanked me repeatedly. What makes me proud is not the skill I taught her, but the bridge I helped build between two generations. In a fast-changing world, patience and kindness can make a real difference. I learned that technology is only meaningful when it brings people closer together. Thank you. 范文二 Hello everyone, I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be here to share a story about friendship and the courage to reach out. At the beginning of this term, a new student named Zhang Wei joined our class. He was quiet and often had lunch alone. I remembered how hard it was for me to fit in when I first came to this school. So I decided to do something. I invited him to join my lunch table and introduced him to my friends. We talked about our favorite sports and music. Slowly, he began to smile more and join our after-school activities. Now he is one of our most active classmates. I am proud because I chose to act instead of waiting for someone else to do it. Sometimes a simple invitation can change someone’s whole experience. I learned that building a warm community starts with each one of us. Thank you. 范文三 Hello everyone, I'm Li Hua. I’m honored to share a moment when I chose the team over myself and discovered what true victory really means. Last month, our class was preparing for the school basketball tournament. I was the top scorer and everyone expected me to play. However, in the last practice before the match, I noticed our teammate Lin was improving fast and could contribute more on defense. The team had been struggling with defensive weakness for weeks. I made a decision. I suggested to the coach that Lin start instead of me. The team was surprised, but I explained that winning mattered more than my personal pride. We played together, and everyone gave their best. We performed better than expected, and I felt prouder of my decision than any points I had ever scored. I learned that strength is not only about how much you can achieve alone. True strength is knowing when to step back for the greater good. Thank you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $