Unit 6 Nurturing nature 呵护自然（单元阅读精练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“呵护自然”为主题，融合词汇积累、语法分析与跨体裁语篇训练，构建“主题词汇-语法结构-语篇策略”三维方法体系，系统提升语言能力与环保意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单元阅读精练|1篇新闻|分类词汇表（如生态术语）、长难句拆分|环保主题词汇→固定搭配（如address threats）递进| |高考真题链接|1篇真题+3句分析|抓标志-判类型-试翻译语法策略|倒装/从句结构→语境应用推导| |综合实战演练|10篇（8阅读+2完形+1语法）|细节/主旨题解法、上下文逻辑推理|单篇语篇→跨体裁（新闻/说明/记叙）综合理解|

Unit 6  Nurturing nature 呵护自然 单元阅读精练 The bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef has drawn great concern from the United Nations, which recommended the coral reef system should be inscribed on a list of World Heritage Sites that are "in danger." The U.N. claimed in a report that Australia's government has not done enough to protect the Great Barrier Reef from climate change and that they have not met their key targets on improving water quality. They have called for Australia to "urgently" address threats from climate change. However, Australia's Minister for the Environment Sussan Ley responded by "strongly opposing" the recommendation, arguing the government was investing $3 billion in reef protection. Ley accused the U.N. of bringing up non-relevant past assurances and singling out Australia. "Climate change is the single biggest threat to all of the world's reef ecosystems ... and there are 83 natural World Heritage properties facing climate change threats so it's not fair to simply single out Australia," she said, according to BBC News. "The Great Barrier Reef is the best-managed reef in the world and this draft recommendation has been made without examining the reef first hand, and without the latest information," Ley said in a statement. The Great Barrier Reef is a crucial marine ecosystem that spans over 133,000 square miles. It homes more than 1,500 species of fish and 411 species of hard corals. It also contributes $4.8 billion annually to Australia's economy and supports 64,000 jobs, according to the Great Barrier Reef Foundation. A study by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies noted that the reef had lost 50% of its coral populations in the past three decades, with climate change as the main reason for reef interruption. The UNESCO report said that Australia's government's "progress has been insufficient" in keeping up with agreements to have "accelerated action to mitigate climate change and improve water quality." They had agreed to a plan called the Reef 2050 Plan, and it "requires stronger and clearer commitments, in particular towards urgently countering the effects of climate change." If the reef is placed on the World Heritage Site's that are "in danger" this would be the first time a site will have been placed because of climate change. Adding the Great Barrier Reef to the list can help bring funds and publicity but the recommendation could also affect a major tourism destination worth $56 billion that has created thousands of jobs, according to the Great Barrier Reef Foundation. The recommendation will be voted on at a committee meeting in China next month. 【译文欣赏】 大堡礁的白化现象引起了联合国的极大关注，联合国建议将该珊瑚礁系统列入“处于危险之中”的世界遗产名单。 联合国在一份报告中声称，澳大利亚政府在保护大堡礁免受气候变化影响方面做得不够，他们没有达到改善水质的关键目标。 他们呼吁澳大利亚“紧急”处理来自气候变化的威胁。然而，澳大利亚环境部长苏珊·莱伊回应说，她“强烈反对”该建议，认为政府正在投资30亿美元用于保护珊瑚礁。 莱伊指责联合国提出了不相关的过去的保证，并单独针对澳大利亚。 据BBC新闻报道，她说：“气候变化是对世界上所有珊瑚礁生态系统的最大威胁……而且有83个世界自然遗产面临着气候变化的威胁，所以简单地单独针对澳大利亚是不公平的。” 莱伊在一份声明中说：“大堡礁是世界上管理最好的珊瑚礁，这项建议草案是在没有对珊瑚礁进行第一手考察，也没有最新信息的情况下提出的。” 大堡礁是一个重要的海洋生态系统，面积超过133,000平方英里。它是1500多种鱼类和411种硬珊瑚的家园。据大堡礁基金会称，它每年还为澳大利亚的经济贡献48亿美元，并支持64000个工作岗位。 ARC珊瑚礁研究卓越中心的一项研究指出，在过去的三十年里，大堡礁失去了50%的珊瑚种群，而气候变化是造成珊瑚礁中断的主要原因。 联合国教科文组织的报告说，澳大利亚政府“进展不足”，没有跟上“加快行动以缓解气候变化和改善水质”的协议。 他们已经同意了一项名为“珊瑚礁2050计划”的计划，它“需要更强大和更明确的承诺，特别是对紧急应对气候变化的影响”。 如果大堡礁被列入“处于危险之中”的世界遗产名录，这将是第一次因为气候变化而被列入名录。 根据大堡礁基金会的说法，将大堡礁列入名单有助于带来资金和宣传，但该建议也可能影响到一个价值560亿美元的主要旅游目的地，并创造了成千上万的就业机会。 该建议将于下个月在中国举行的委员会会议上进行表决。 【词汇积累】 bleaching [ˈbliːtʃɪŋ] n. 白化现象 coral reef [ˈkɒrəl riːf] n. 珊瑚礁 draw [drɔː] vt. 引起，吸引 concern [kənˈsɜːn] n. 关切，担忧 recommend [ˌrekəˈmend] vt. 建议，推荐 inscribe [ɪnˈskraɪb] vt. 列入，铭刻 World Heritage Site 世界遗产遗址 in danger 处于危险之中 claim [kleɪm] vt. 声称，宣称 protect [prəˈtekt] vt. 保护 climate change 气候变化 meet targets 达到目标 water quality 水质 urgently [ˈɜːdʒəntli] adv. 紧急地 address [əˈdres] vt. 处理，应对 threat [θret] n. 威胁 oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt. 反对 recommendation [ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn] n. 建议 invest [ɪnˈvest] vt. 投资 accuse [əˈkjuːz] vt. 指责，指控 non-relevant [ˌnɒn ˈreləvənt] adj. 不相关的 assurance [əˈʃʊərəns] n. 保证，承诺 single out 单独挑出，针对 ecosystem [ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm] n. 生态系统 fair [feə] adj. 公平的 property [ˈprɒpəti] n. 财产，地产 draft [drɑːft] n. 草案 examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] vt. 检查，考察 first hand 第一手的 crucial [ˈkruːʃl] adj. 重要的，关键的 marine [məˈriːn] adj. 海洋的 span [spæn] vt. 跨越，延伸 species [ˈspiːʃiːz] n. 物种 hard coral 硬珊瑚 contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt] vt. 贡献，捐助 annually [ˈænjuəli] adv. 每年地 economy [ɪˈkɒnəmi] n. 经济 support [səˈpɔːt] vt. 支持，供养 population [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn] n. 种群，人口 interruption [ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn] n. 中断，阻碍 insufficient [ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃnt] adj. 不足的 keep up with 跟上，保持 agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议，协定 accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt] vt. 加速 mitigate [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt] vt. 缓解，减轻 commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺 counter [ˈkaʊntə] vt. 对抗，反击 effect [ɪˈfekt] n. 影响，效果 fund [fʌnd] n. 资金 publicity [pʌbˈlɪsəti] n. 宣传，公众关注 destination [ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn] n. 目的地 vote [vəʊt] vi./vt. 投票 committee [kəˈmɪti] n. 委员会 UNESCO [juːˈneskəʊ] abbr. 联合国教科文组织 ARC abbr. 澳大利亚研究理事会 foundation [faʊnˈdeɪʃn] n. 基金会 【知识拓展】 1. 大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef）：位于澳大利亚东北部昆士兰州海岸外，是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统，绵延超过2300公里，面积约344，000平方公里。它由超过2900个独立的珊瑚礁和900多个岛屿组成，是联合国教科文组织世界遗产（1981年列入）。大堡礁是地球上由生物建造的最大的单一结构，甚至可以从外太空看到。 2. 珊瑚白化（Coral Bleaching）：当海水温度异常升高时，珊瑚会排出与之共生的虫黄藻（zooxanthellae），导致珊瑚失去颜色，呈现白色。虫黄藻为珊瑚提供约90%的能量来源。如果白化持续时间过长，珊瑚会因缺乏营养而死亡。2016年、2017年和2020年大堡礁经历了大规模白化事件。 3. 珊瑚礁2050计划（Reef 2050 Plan）：澳大利亚政府和昆士兰州政府联合制定的长期保护计划，涵盖水质改善、生态系统恢复、气候变化应对和可持续渔业管理等多个方面。该计划于2015年获得联合国教科文组织认可。 【词汇延伸】 draw concern 引起关注 be inscribed on 被列入 in danger 处于危险之中 climate change 气候变化 meet targets 达到目标 water quality 水质 call for 呼吁 address threats 应对威胁 strongly oppose 强烈反对 invest in 投资于 bring up 提出 single out 单独挑出，针对 in a statement 在一份声明中 span over 跨越，延伸 mitigate climate change 缓解气候变化 improve water quality 改善水质 counter the effects of 对抗……的影响 be placed on the list 被列入名单 bring funds and publicity 带来资金和宣传 tourism destination 旅游目的地 vote on 就……投票 do enough 做得足够 be committed to 致力于 raise awareness 提高意识 【高考真题链接】 (2026·全国二卷·阅读D篇) The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 33. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 35. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. ( 1. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. 抓标志： 否定副词 Little 置于句首引起的部分倒装；that 引导宾语从句；as 引导时间状语从句。 判类型： 倒装句 + 宾语从句 + 时间状语从句。Little 为否定副词，放在句首时主谓部分倒装（do they know）。that 引导的宾语从句中嵌套了 as 引导的时间状语从句（as they do so），说明“在他们这样做的同时”发生的事情。 试翻译： 他们几乎不知道，就在他们这样做的同时，一股能量被传送到地面上，帮助给电动汽车充电。 2. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. 抓标志： while also doing 为现在分词短语作状语，表伴随；不定式 to help... 和 to tackle... 作目的状语。 判类型： 简单主从复合句。主句为 Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies；不定式 to help public transportation go greener 作目的状语；while also doing... 为省略主语的分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语为 Barcelona；不定式 to tackle... and aid... 作目的状语。 试翻译： 巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。 3. Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 抓标志： whereby 引导非限制性定语从句；while 连接并列分句；snaking through cables 为现在分词短语作方式状语。 判类型： 主从复合句。主句为 Sixteen stations... are part of its new MetroCharge project；whereby 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 project，相当于 by which；定语从句中，while 连接两个并列分句（the energy... is used... / the remainder is sent...）；snaking through cables 为现在分词短语作方式状语，修饰 is sent。 试翻译： 巴塞罗那地铁系统的16个车站是其新 MetroCharge 项目的一部分，该项目利用地下列车刹车的能量为列车和车站本身供电，而剩余的能量则通过电缆蜿蜒传输到地面，为私人车辆的充电站供电。 ) ( ① pull into 驶入，进站 ② pour out 涌出，涌出 ③ little do they know 他们几乎不知道 ④ go about (doing) sth. 忙于，从事 ⑤ a burst of 一股，一阵 ⑥ help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 ⑦ put together 整合，组装 ⑧ a package of 一整套 ⑨ do one's part 尽自己的一份力 ⑩ tackle climate change 应对气候变化 ⑪ aid the shift 助力转变 ⑫ the privately owned electric vehicle market 私人电动汽车市场 ⑬ consist of 由……组成 ⑭ in the case of 在……情况下 ⑮ be used to do 被用来做某事 ⑯ the remainder 剩余部分 ⑰ send snaking through cables 通过电缆蜿蜒传输 ⑱ plug-in station 充电站 ⑲ be pleasantly surprised 又惊喜又开心 ⑳ look for 寻找 ㉑ plug in 插入，充电 ㉒ regenerative brake 再生刹车 ㉓ consist of 由……组成 ㉔ collect energy 收集能量 ㉕ be lost as heat 以热量形式散失 ㉖ conventional brake 传统刹车 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 新闻报道 352 介绍了美国国鸟白头海雕曾濒临灭绝，后因DDT禁令、人工繁育、异地引入等保护措施数量得以恢复，并于2024年被正式立法定为美国国鸟的过程。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 325 文章讲述少女阿玛拉在拉各斯将垃圾场改造成公园，以此唤醒民众气候保护意识并带动更多公益行动。 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 345 主要介绍了幽灵渔具对海洋的巨大危害，以及人们从清理、预防、监管多方面采取措施治理该问题。 Passage4 阅读理解 记叙文 345 文章主要介绍了可持续航空燃料是航空业脱碳核心，虽面临成本高、供应不足等挑战，但技术有突破，是最具前景的短期减碳策略。 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 322 文章主要讲述了红狼克隆技术引发的争议，以及科学家对使用基因技术拯救濒危物种的质疑，强调栖息地保护和持续保育工作的重要性。 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 221 主要探讨纸质包装作为塑料替代品的环保性弊端，指出可持续包装需采取全面综合的策略。 Passage7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 222 文章主要解释了为什么不能将果核、果皮等残渣扔在自然环境中。 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 279 文章主要讲述了湿地守护者Dradul十多年来守护玛旁雍错湖，应对挑战保护生态的故事。 Passage9 完形填空 记叙文 265 Molai目睹家乡环境恶化，坚持种树37年，将荒地变成野生动物森林，以爱与坚守重建了人与自然的平衡。 Passage10 语法填空 说明文 278 文章主要讲述了中国为实现碳中和目标而采取的一系列措施，包括能源结构调整、技术改进、产业结构变化等，并强调了企业在减少碳排放方面的责任。 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·湖南名校·月考）The bald eagle is a symbol of the US. An image of the bird is on the flag and seal (印章) of the US president, the seal of the US Supreme Court, military insignia, as well as the dollar bill. Even so, the bird has had its ups and downs. At one time, it was at risk of permanent (永久的) extinction. Later, however, its numbers recovered. In the early 2000s, the bird was removed from its endangered species list. Culturally, too, the birds are doing well again. In December 2024 before leaving office, Joe Biden signed legislation (法规) officially making it the national bird. An insect-killing chemical called DDT played a major part in the long complex story of species weakness and recovery. Used to kill insects, DDT also proved harmful to eagle eggs. American officials banned DDT in 1972.But the use of the chemical had already caused severe damage to eagle populations. For example, in the 1980s there was only one nesting pair of eagles in New Jersey. Now, there are about 300 pairs. To rebuild the number of eagles across the US, researchers wanting to save them imported the birds from places where their population numbers were secure, including Canada. Early on, they also removed eggs from their nests so they could safely hatch (孵化) with scientists before being returned to their parents to raise. A lack of eagle habitat and prey (猎物) also threatens the species. Bald eagles feed heavily on fish, so they require clean, open water in which to hunt. Disease outbreaks are another serious threat to the birds. The birds are highly respected by several Native American cultures as symbols of strength, especially in the Pacific Northwest. The position of eagles as symbols of the US adds to their protection. Dan Day is a birder. He has seen bald eagles about 50 times in recent years both on nature walks and while driving around. He said, “It really elevates (提升) your day to see a bald eagle.” 1. What is Paragraph 3 mainly focused on? A. Specific measures to protect bald eagles. B. Hatching techniques of bald eagles. C. Protecting bald eagles through cooperation. D. Early protection and growth of bald eagles. 2. Which is the threat bald eagles are currently facing in the US? A. The widespread use of DDT. B. Illegal hunting by Native American. C. Lack of prey and outbreak of diseases. D. Severe environmental pollution in habitats. 3. What does the author convey in the last paragraph? A. Observing bald eagles is stressful. B. The protection of bald eagles has shown results. C. More people are paying attention to bald eagles. D. Encountering a bald eagle is unexpected. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Bald Eagle Is a Much More Respectable Bird B. The Past and Future of Bald Eagles in America C. The Complex Process of Successfully Rescuing Eagles D. Bald Eagles:Recovered,Officially US National Bird Passage 2 （2025-2026学年高二下·湖南·月考）Seven children line up, awaiting their turn on a slide. As each child rushes down, the ones behind laugh and cheer. Such scene is rare in Lagos, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, with a population of about 17 million. But on the city’s outskirts, a garbage-site-turned-park is providing room for kids to play. The project is the brainchild of 17-year-old Amara Nwuneli, who wants to prove that even in Lagos’ most crowded corners, children can have fun. For Amara, the path to building parks began when a terrible flood struck her hometown in 2020. Heavy rains swallowed entire neighborhoods, leaving thousands of families homeless. “People just said it was government failure or bad luck.” Amara recalls. But, later, she realized it was what was called Nigeria’s “climate apathy”: the tendency to view floods, heat waves, and droughts as isolated (孤立的) incidents rather than consequences of a warming planet. “I wanted to change the mindset,” Amara says. “If people don’t feel connected to nature, they won’t fight to protect it. And I knew that had to start with creating spaces people could actually see and feel.” It was no easy task. Amara first approached the Lagos State Government, which offered land but imposed (施加) restrictions that made long-term construction impossible. After months of dead ends, she shifted strategy and started looking for alternative spaces that were accessible to high-risk communities. Eventually, Amara secured a garbage site. She then mobilized a team of artists, volunteers, and small donors to clear the trash and rebuild the site with recycled materials. Three months later, the park opened. Amara is now planning two more parks. She says communities from across the country have been reaching out to her team for advice on how to reclaim abandoned spaces for public use. “That creates a kind of cycle,” Amara reflects. “I take action, others notice, they want to take action, too. And together, it grows.” 1. What might be a problem Lagos is facing? A. Insufficient public areas. B. Poor garbage management. C. Limited recreational activities. D. Uncontrolled population growth. 2. What made Amara determined to build parks? A. Losses from natural disasters. B. People’s ignorance of climate change. C. Disappointment in government failure. D. Nigeria’s inadequacy in public education. 3. What quality does Amara demonstrate when completing the project? A. Integrity. B. Optimism. C. Flexibility. D. Confidence. 4. What does Amara want to convey in the last paragraph? A. Small steps make a big difference. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. All roads lead to Rome. D. It is never too late to act. Passage 3 （2025-2026学年高二下·山东临沂·月考）“Ghost gear” refers to lost or abandoned fishing nets, a highly destructive pollutant in oceans. Each year, approximately 1 million tons of such gear are discarded at sea, accounting for up to 86% of large marine floating plastics. Unlike visible plastic waste like bottles, it sinks into the deep ocean, continuously trapping sea animals, producing microplastics and endangering navigation. To address this issue, organizations like Conservation International have launched programs worldwide. A distinctive project in Mexico focuses on training female divers known as sirenas to clear away ghost gear and help coastal communities gain a direct understanding of the pollution’s harm. These female divers rely on commercial fishing as their primary income source but volunteer for the cleanup. After professional training and certification, they start searching for and removing dangerous ghost gear. The operation tests their physical limits and patience to the fullest. As many as 117 sailors once invested over 40 hours in clearing a massive 300-foot-long fishing net. Their diving experience has completely transformed their perception of the ocean. By engaging with communities and fishing cooperatives, they have gradually gained recognition, carving out a space for women in marine conservation within the male-dominated fishing industry. Undoubtedly, prevention deserves the equal priority to cleanup. The Global Ghost Gear Initiative has developed a reporting system for fishers to notify lost gear for timely recovery and provided them with region-specific recommendations, such as avoiding operations in severe weather and storing gear properly. In selected regions, fishing nets bear unique identifiers, enabling the precise tracking of their ownership by individuals or commercial fisheries post-recovery and instantly locking down whoever is at fault. “Once your fishing gear is attached to distinct identifiers, it facilitates a heightened sense of individual accountability, which in turn generates a concrete effect on your behavioral approach to fishing practices,” notes Jimenez, a marine biologist. The governance of ghost gear demands cooperation among fishers, researchers and policymakers. By changing mindsets and taking effective measures, this campaign against ocean “ghosts” is advancing steadily, injecting hope for the sustainable future of marine ecosystems and coastal communities. 1. How does ghost gear differ from other marine plastics? A. It’s harder to detect. B. It’s distributed more extensively. C. It takes longer to break down. D. It floats evenly in shallower water. 2. Why does the author mention the 300-foot-long net removal example? A. To showcase training effect. B. To emphasize potential net risks. C. To highlight work efficiency. D. To demonstrate cleanup challenges. 3. What can we infer from Jimenez’s words? A. Labels avoid fishing net loss. B. Technology reshapes productivity. C. Markings boost responsibility. D. Identity validation guarantees security. 4. What can be the best title of the text? A. Deep-sea Ghost Gear: Silent Killers. B. Sirenas: Dedicated Ocean Guardians. C. Multi-dimensional Actions: Tackling Marine Ghosts. D. For Marine Conservation: Mind Your Fishing Gear. Passage 4 （25-26高二下·浙江·期中）Sustainable Skies: The Future of Aviation Fuel In the race to decarbonize (脱碳) the aviation industry, researchers are increasingly turning their attention to Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). Unlike conventional jet fuel, which is derived from crude oil (原油), SAFs are produced from renewable feedstocks such as used cooking oil, animal fat, and even carbon dioxide. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has estimated that SAFs could contribute up to 65% of the aviation sector’s emissions reduction goals by 2050, making them a cornerstone (基石；核心) of the industry’s green transition. However, the widespread adoption of SAFs faces significant challenges. Currently, these fuels cost roughly two to three times more than traditional jet fuel due to high production costs and limited scalability. Another hurdle is the lack of global infrastructure for production and distribution. While major airlines have committed to using increasing amounts of SAFs, the global supply currently meets only about 0.1% of aviation’s total demand. To address this, scientists are exploring innovative production techniques. A team at a leading university has developed a new catalytic process that can convert carbon dioxide directly into jet fuel using green hydrogen, generated by renewable electricity. This method, known as “power-to-fuel,” offers the promise of a circular economy, where emissions are captured and reused rather than released into the atmosphere. Moreover, recent flight tests have shown that SAFs can be seamlessly blended with conventional fuel in existing aircraft engines without modification. This compatibility (兼容性) is a crucial technical breakthrough, as it means airlines do not need to invest in new fleets to adopt the greener alternative. Dr. Elena Marquez, a leading aerospace engineer, remains optimistic. “SAFs are not just a theoretical solution; they are a viable (可行的) path forward. With targeted government policies and private investment, we can scale up production quickly,” she said. Ultimately, while the journey to fully sustainable aviation is long, SAFs represent the most promising short-term strategy to reduce the carbon footprint of the skies. 1. According to the passage, what is a key advantage of SAFs over conventional jet fuel? A. It is cheaper to produce. B. It can reduce the industry’s emissions. C. It requires new aircraft engines to operate. D. It is derived from crude oil. 2. What can be inferred about the current state of SAFs? A. They have already replaced most conventional fuels. B. Their high cost is the only barrier to their adoption. C. There is a global shortage of sustainable aviation fuel. D. They cannot be blended with traditional jet fuel. 3. It can be learned from the passage that the “power-to-fuel” method ______. A. is a costly but environmentally beneficial process. B. will immediately solve the problem of limited supply. C. uses carbon dioxide as a source of renewable electricity. D. requires significant modifications to existing aircraft. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of sustainable aviation fuels? A. Critical. B. Neutral. C. Pessimistic. D. Favorable. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·湖南邵东·月考）The recent announcement of cloned red wolf pups has drawn widespread attention. While Colossal Laboratories & Biosciences celebrated the birth of four red wolf clones and described them as a step toward “de-extinction” on its website, specialists have emphasized that genetic technology is not the real answer to saving threatened species. Red wolves once lived across large areas of the southeastern United States. However, their numbers decreased quickly in the 1970s due to habitat loss, hunting, and inbreeding with coyotes (郊狼). In 1980, the species was declared extinct in the wild. In fact, to save red wolves, a government captive breeding (圈养繁殖) program, starting in 1973, rebuilt their population to more than 120, and later tried to reintroduce them into the wild. Yet when the program was discontinued in the mid-2010s, their numbers dropped sharply to only seven wolves. The program was restarted in 2021, but now only has about 20 wolves. Colossal’s four red wolf pups were cloned from cells taken from “ghost wolves” — coyotes with large amounts of red wolf ancestry. But scientists doubt that gene modification (修改) is a particularly useful tool for red wolf conservation at present. They currently don’t have a good picture of red wolf genetics. While they estimate that 80 percent of ghost wolf genes are from red wolf ancestors, and not coyotes, they don’t know for sure which genes are which. According to scientists, there is a greater risk posed by using genetic technology for “de-extinction,” as it may divert attention from essential work like protecting habitats and rebuilding healthy populations of endangered animals. The danger of believing that genetic technology can replace such hard work is now apparent. Red wolves need protected habitats and careful conservation, rather than fresh genes. If we focus on one and not the other, there is a genuine risk that they will die off once again. 1. What does the captive breeding program in paragraph 2 mainly show? A. Cloning helps save endangered species. B. Captive red wolves struggle in the wild. C. Human activities threaten red wolves most. D. Sustained protection is key to species recovery. 2. Why do scientists doubt about cloning red wolves? A. They consider it costs too much. B. They lack clear genetic knowledge. C. They don’t think technology is mature. D. They believe it harms ecological balance. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Genetic tech is the final solution. B. Overusing tech may lead to failure. C. Habitat protection is less important. D. Cloning is necessary for red wolves. 4. What’s the best title for the text? A. Gene Editing: A De-extinction Solution B. Protecting Wolves: Beyond Human Efforts C. Saving Red Wolves: More Than Technology D. Cloning: A New Hope for Endangered Species Passage 6 （25-26高二下·湖南·月考）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sustainable packaging has become a buzzword in recent years. From paper-based materials to biodegradable alternatives, the shift away from traditional plastics appears to be a step in the right direction. ____1____ One of the most popular alternatives to plastics is paper- based packaging. The logic appears sound. ____2____ However, the environmental cost of paper production is often overlooked. Compared to plastic, producing paper packaging requires significantly more energy and water. A study highlighted that paper bags require at least four times more energy to manufacture than plastic bags. ____3____ While many brands claim to use responsibly sourced or recycled paper, the global demand for paper packaging still places immense pressure on forests. This pressure will cause too much tree cutting and habitat loss, harming wildlife. And the loss of trees will reduce the planet’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. Moreover, paper-based packaging is usually heavier than plastic packaging. ____4____For instance, trucks carrying paper packages use more fuel, increasing emissions. This extra weight also makes logistics (物流) more challenging. Therefore, the full life cycle of paper packaging shows its eco-benefits aren’t as clear as they seem.____5____This means focusing on reducing waste first, making better waste management systems, and using sustainable materials in the best way. Only by doing all these things together can we cut down on environmental harm. A. This can make transportation less efficient. B. However, beneath the surface lies a more complex reality. C. Therefore, many brands now use paper-based packaging. D. Its production requires four times the energy of plastic bags. E. The destruction of forests linked to the paper industry is another concern. F. To achieve sustainable packaging completely, we need a well-rounded approach. G. Paper is biodegradable, recyclable, and can be obtained from renewable resources. Passage 7 （25-26高二下·山东临沂·月考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,有两项为多余选项。 If you’re a hiker or outdoor person, you know how important it can be to bring a snack with you on a long outdoor adventure. ____1____ But when you’re done with your apple, you can just throw the core away, right? While your banana skin or apple core will degrade when exposed to nature, it is not necessarily safe for the environment for you to do so. Here’s why. ____2____ If you’ve ever had a compost heap (堆肥堆), you know that when you throw something in the compost, it takes some time to biodegrade and turn into rich, dark soil. Compost heaps are often the most ideal places for this organic matter to break down. ____3____ Next, leaving food waste could harm wildlife. If you leave an apple core near your favorite outdoor adventure spot, a deer may come along and decide to finish eating it for you. ____4____ However, feeding wildlife increases habituation. If an animal becomes habituated to finding apple cores along roadsides, for example, it increases the likelihood that it will be hurt or killed by passing traffic. Ultimately, the best practice when experiencing nature is to pack out everything that you pack in, even biodegradable food waste. Humans have systems in place for dealing with the quantity of organic food waste we produce. ____5____ A. The deer may be happy with the find. B. Do remember to bring your favorite snack. C. First, food waste might not degrade quickly. D. Finally, this might attract a group of wild deer. E. The ground near your favorite local hiking path is not. F. Nature, on the other hand, may have a harder time dealing with our waste. G. A banana, apple, or some other snack can make all the difference to how far you can go. Passage 8 （24-25高一下·滁州·开学考）Three black-headed waterbirds circled above Mapam Yumco Lake, the world’s highest freshwater lake. Near the lake, 42-year-old Dradul has 1 as a guardian of the wetland for more than a decade. By mid-morning on a typical working day, Dradul will be circling the lake on his motorcycle, covering a 2 route stretching nearly 10 kilometers. In his bag are binoculars(双筒望远镜) for observing waterbirds, a notebook for recording wildlife species and 3 , and garbage bags for collecting litter. He also carries what he calls his “life-saving 4 ” — food, water, and tools for animal rescues. Mapam Yumco Lake, known as the “Mother of Rivers,” 5 the headwaters of four major Asian rivers, sustaining life far beyond the Himalayas. The guardians’ tasks may seem 6 — patrolling (巡逻), recording, responding to threats — but in this delicate ecosystem, even small actions carry weight. Last year, they rescued an eagle with a broken wing, nursing it back to 7 . This July, they spotted a wild Yak trapped in a mudflat, and they 8 pulled it to safety. Beyond rescues, much of a guardian’s work involves preventing 9 littering everywhere. Thanks to their efforts, the wetland’s 10 has steadily improved. Yet the work isn’t easy. Climate change poses the biggest 11 , changing shorelines and damaging grassland. Besides, while most visitors 12 the rules, some litter or even wash cars in the lake. With vast areas to cover, Dradul hopes to use more technologies to help them better fulfill their 13 . 14 challenges, Dradul believes the lake will never grow old, with more young people 15 the responsibility of protection. 1. A. operated B. recognized C. served D. performed 2. A. fixed B. constant C. straight D. temporary 3. A. schools B. numbers C. problems D. habitats 4. A. equipment B. device C. system D. kit 5. A. controls B. creates C. divides D. feeds 6. A. urgent B. crucial C. constructive D. routine 7. A. freedom B. life C. health D. strength 8. A. carefully B. hardly C. freely D. desperately 9. A. friends B. settlers C. visitors D. strangers 10. A. restoration B. management C. scenery D. ecosystem 11. A. challenge B. dilemma C. puzzle D. solution 12. A. break B. respect C. discover D. change 13. A. duties B. promises C. objectives D. dreams 14. A. With B. Despite C. About D. Through 15. A. taking up B. taking out C. taking in D. taking down Passage 9 （25-26高一下·湖南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Growing up in a tiny village in India, Molai regarded the nearby wildland as his second ____1____. From an early age, he learned to cherish the value and beauty of ____2____, developing a quiet love for every living thing around him. At 16, Molai began to ____3____ that his homeland was suffering from upsetting changes. A fierce flood hit the area earlier that year, and the ____4____ it caused behind drove many birds away. Besides, the population of snakes dropped ____5____ as well. Molai soon ____6____ that without enough trees, creatures could not be protected from the burning heat. The only way out was to plant trees, so that animals could find shelter and peace in the daytime. Determined to ____7____, he turned to the local forest department for support, only to be told that nothing could grow on the ____8____ land. Yet Molai refused to give up. Searching on his own, he found a nearby island and started his lifelong journey of ____9____. Protecting young trees in the dry season was extremely ____10____ for a boy alone. To solve the problem, Molai ____11____ a small bamboo structure at the top of each young tree, where he set up holed earthen pots to ____12____ rainwater. The water would slowly drip down, nourishing the young trees day by day. Molai ____13____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His forest is now home to hundreds of elephants and many other animals. He has indeed created a wildlife ____14____ out of nothing, proving that one’s determination and love can regain the ____15____ between humans and nature. 1. A. workshop B. classroom C. park D. block 2. A. wetlands B. life C. society D. nature 3. A. sense B. predict C. defend D. avoid 4. A. fault B. force C. damage D. pressure 5. A. gradually B. steadily C. frequently D. sharply 6. A. doubted B. realized C. imagined D. admitted 7. A. make a mess B. make a promise C. make an apology D. make a difference 8. A. wet B. hot C. dry D. poor 9. A. training B. planting C. volunteering D. farming 10. A. tough B. boring C. common D. familiar 11. A. bought B. built C. found D. repaired 12. A. clean B. boil C. carry D. collect 13. A. failed B. continued C. refused D. learned 14. A. image B. species C. branch D. habitat 15. A. balance B. challenge C. struggle D. support Passage 10 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二下·安徽·联考）China will need to speed up decarbonization by achieving carbon neutrality (中和) in selected fields by 2050. It will need to move away from energy-intensive industries to low-carbon and high tech production, and transform the power supply by gradually ____1____ (remove) coal power generation and shifting to wind, solar and nuclear power. ____2____ (achieve) overall net zero before 2060, in addition to increasing forest coverage, China will also need to improve the technologies commonly ____3____ (employ) to collect and store carbon to help reduce emissions from fields such as industrial processing and transportation. China’s path to carbon neutrality will likely involve structural changes across the economy, which will have a substantial impact ____4____ several industries. Iron and steel, chemicals, cement and building materials are key sources of carbon emissions. Cutting out coal use in these fields would require a ____5____ (combine) of strategies. As the transformation cannot rely on electricity alone, the government aims to expand the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption and use biofuels in applications ____6____ are not subject to electrification (电气化). Over the past few decades, mass production in China ____7____ (contribute) to turning solar panels from a high-cost source of energy to the cheapest source of clean energy, so similar results could be achieved for a much ____8____ (broad) range of renewable energy and industrial processes. While Chinese companies, in general, should ____9____ (strict) monitor their products’ carbon footprints in the supply chains and reduce carbon emissions in production, those operating overseas should work with local partners to invest in green technology in agreement with ____10____ green commitment of the Belt and Road Initiative. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6  Nurturing nature 呵护自然 单元阅读精练 The bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef has drawn great concern from the United Nations, which recommended the coral reef system should be inscribed on a list of World Heritage Sites that are "in danger." The U.N. claimed in a report that Australia's government has not done enough to protect the Great Barrier Reef from climate change and that they have not met their key targets on improving water quality. They have called for Australia to "urgently" address threats from climate change. However, Australia's Minister for the Environment Sussan Ley responded by "strongly opposing" the recommendation, arguing the government was investing $3 billion in reef protection. Ley accused the U.N. of bringing up non-relevant past assurances and singling out Australia. "Climate change is the single biggest threat to all of the world's reef ecosystems ... and there are 83 natural World Heritage properties facing climate change threats so it's not fair to simply single out Australia," she said, according to BBC News. "The Great Barrier Reef is the best-managed reef in the world and this draft recommendation has been made without examining the reef first hand, and without the latest information," Ley said in a statement. The Great Barrier Reef is a crucial marine ecosystem that spans over 133,000 square miles. It homes more than 1,500 species of fish and 411 species of hard corals. It also contributes $4.8 billion annually to Australia's economy and supports 64,000 jobs, according to the Great Barrier Reef Foundation. A study by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies noted that the reef had lost 50% of its coral populations in the past three decades, with climate change as the main reason for reef interruption. The UNESCO report said that Australia's government's "progress has been insufficient" in keeping up with agreements to have "accelerated action to mitigate climate change and improve water quality." They had agreed to a plan called the Reef 2050 Plan, and it "requires stronger and clearer commitments, in particular towards urgently countering the effects of climate change." If the reef is placed on the World Heritage Site's that are "in danger" this would be the first time a site will have been placed because of climate change. Adding the Great Barrier Reef to the list can help bring funds and publicity but the recommendation could also affect a major tourism destination worth $56 billion that has created thousands of jobs, according to the Great Barrier Reef Foundation. The recommendation will be voted on at a committee meeting in China next month. 【译文欣赏】 大堡礁的白化现象引起了联合国的极大关注，联合国建议将该珊瑚礁系统列入“处于危险之中”的世界遗产名单。 联合国在一份报告中声称，澳大利亚政府在保护大堡礁免受气候变化影响方面做得不够，他们没有达到改善水质的关键目标。 他们呼吁澳大利亚“紧急”处理来自气候变化的威胁。然而，澳大利亚环境部长苏珊·莱伊回应说，她“强烈反对”该建议，认为政府正在投资30亿美元用于保护珊瑚礁。 莱伊指责联合国提出了不相关的过去的保证，并单独针对澳大利亚。 据BBC新闻报道，她说：“气候变化是对世界上所有珊瑚礁生态系统的最大威胁……而且有83个世界自然遗产面临着气候变化的威胁，所以简单地单独针对澳大利亚是不公平的。” 莱伊在一份声明中说：“大堡礁是世界上管理最好的珊瑚礁，这项建议草案是在没有对珊瑚礁进行第一手考察，也没有最新信息的情况下提出的。” 大堡礁是一个重要的海洋生态系统，面积超过133,000平方英里。它是1500多种鱼类和411种硬珊瑚的家园。据大堡礁基金会称，它每年还为澳大利亚的经济贡献48亿美元，并支持64000个工作岗位。 ARC珊瑚礁研究卓越中心的一项研究指出，在过去的三十年里，大堡礁失去了50%的珊瑚种群，而气候变化是造成珊瑚礁中断的主要原因。 联合国教科文组织的报告说，澳大利亚政府“进展不足”，没有跟上“加快行动以缓解气候变化和改善水质”的协议。 他们已经同意了一项名为“珊瑚礁2050计划”的计划，它“需要更强大和更明确的承诺，特别是对紧急应对气候变化的影响”。 如果大堡礁被列入“处于危险之中”的世界遗产名录，这将是第一次因为气候变化而被列入名录。 根据大堡礁基金会的说法，将大堡礁列入名单有助于带来资金和宣传，但该建议也可能影响到一个价值560亿美元的主要旅游目的地，并创造了成千上万的就业机会。 该建议将于下个月在中国举行的委员会会议上进行表决。 【词汇积累】 bleaching [ˈbliːtʃɪŋ] n. 白化现象 coral reef [ˈkɒrəl riːf] n. 珊瑚礁 draw [drɔː] vt. 引起，吸引 concern [kənˈsɜːn] n. 关切，担忧 recommend [ˌrekəˈmend] vt. 建议，推荐 inscribe [ɪnˈskraɪb] vt. 列入，铭刻 World Heritage Site 世界遗产遗址 in danger 处于危险之中 claim [kleɪm] vt. 声称，宣称 protect [prəˈtekt] vt. 保护 climate change 气候变化 meet targets 达到目标 water quality 水质 urgently [ˈɜːdʒəntli] adv. 紧急地 address [əˈdres] vt. 处理，应对 threat [θret] n. 威胁 oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt. 反对 recommendation [ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn] n. 建议 invest [ɪnˈvest] vt. 投资 accuse [əˈkjuːz] vt. 指责，指控 non-relevant [ˌnɒn ˈreləvənt] adj. 不相关的 assurance [əˈʃʊərəns] n. 保证，承诺 single out 单独挑出，针对 ecosystem [ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm] n. 生态系统 fair [feə] adj. 公平的 property [ˈprɒpəti] n. 财产，地产 draft [drɑːft] n. 草案 examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] vt. 检查，考察 first hand 第一手的 crucial [ˈkruːʃl] adj. 重要的，关键的 marine [məˈriːn] adj. 海洋的 span [spæn] vt. 跨越，延伸 species [ˈspiːʃiːz] n. 物种 hard coral 硬珊瑚 contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt] vt. 贡献，捐助 annually [ˈænjuəli] adv. 每年地 economy [ɪˈkɒnəmi] n. 经济 support [səˈpɔːt] vt. 支持，供养 population [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn] n. 种群，人口 interruption [ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn] n. 中断，阻碍 insufficient [ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃnt] adj. 不足的 keep up with 跟上，保持 agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议，协定 accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt] vt. 加速 mitigate [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt] vt. 缓解，减轻 commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺 counter [ˈkaʊntə] vt. 对抗，反击 effect [ɪˈfekt] n. 影响，效果 fund [fʌnd] n. 资金 publicity [pʌbˈlɪsəti] n. 宣传，公众关注 destination [ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn] n. 目的地 vote [vəʊt] vi./vt. 投票 committee [kəˈmɪti] n. 委员会 UNESCO [juːˈneskəʊ] abbr. 联合国教科文组织 ARC abbr. 澳大利亚研究理事会 foundation [faʊnˈdeɪʃn] n. 基金会 【知识拓展】 1. 大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef）：位于澳大利亚东北部昆士兰州海岸外，是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统，绵延超过2300公里，面积约344，000平方公里。它由超过2900个独立的珊瑚礁和900多个岛屿组成，是联合国教科文组织世界遗产（1981年列入）。大堡礁是地球上由生物建造的最大的单一结构，甚至可以从外太空看到。 2. 珊瑚白化（Coral Bleaching）：当海水温度异常升高时，珊瑚会排出与之共生的虫黄藻（zooxanthellae），导致珊瑚失去颜色，呈现白色。虫黄藻为珊瑚提供约90%的能量来源。如果白化持续时间过长，珊瑚会因缺乏营养而死亡。2016年、2017年和2020年大堡礁经历了大规模白化事件。 3. 珊瑚礁2050计划（Reef 2050 Plan）：澳大利亚政府和昆士兰州政府联合制定的长期保护计划，涵盖水质改善、生态系统恢复、气候变化应对和可持续渔业管理等多个方面。该计划于2015年获得联合国教科文组织认可。 【词汇延伸】 draw concern 引起关注 be inscribed on 被列入 in danger 处于危险之中 climate change 气候变化 meet targets 达到目标 water quality 水质 call for 呼吁 address threats 应对威胁 strongly oppose 强烈反对 invest in 投资于 bring up 提出 single out 单独挑出，针对 in a statement 在一份声明中 span over 跨越，延伸 mitigate climate change 缓解气候变化 improve water quality 改善水质 counter the effects of 对抗……的影响 be placed on the list 被列入名单 bring funds and publicity 带来资金和宣传 tourism destination 旅游目的地 vote on 就……投票 do enough 做得足够 be committed to 致力于 raise awareness 提高意识 【高考真题链接】 (2026·全国二卷·阅读D篇) The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 33. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 35. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A 【导语】文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现绿色交通与能源高效利用。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广绿色交通。 33.细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。”)”可知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。 34.主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量——这些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工作原理。 35.细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)”可知，卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。 ( 1. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. 抓标志： 否定副词 Little 置于句首引起的部分倒装；that 引导宾语从句；as 引导时间状语从句。 判类型： 倒装句 + 宾语从句 + 时间状语从句。Little 为否定副词，放在句首时主谓部分倒装（do they know）。that 引导的宾语从句中嵌套了 as 引导的时间状语从句（as they do so），说明“在他们这样做的同时”发生的事情。 试翻译： 他们几乎不知道，就在他们这样做的同时，一股能量被传送到地面上，帮助给电动汽车充电。 2. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. 抓标志： while also doing 为现在分词短语作状语，表伴随；不定式 to help... 和 to tackle... 作目的状语。 判类型： 简单主从复合句。主句为 Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies；不定式 to help public transportation go greener 作目的状语；while also doing... 为省略主语的分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语为 Barcelona；不定式 to tackle... and aid... 作目的状语。 试翻译： 巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。 3. Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 抓标志： whereby 引导非限制性定语从句；while 连接并列分句；snaking through cables 为现在分词短语作方式状语。 判类型： 主从复合句。主句为 Sixteen stations... are part of its new MetroCharge project；whereby 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 project，相当于 by which；定语从句中，while 连接两个并列分句（the energy... is used... / the remainder is sent...）；snaking through cables 为现在分词短语作方式状语，修饰 is sent。 试翻译： 巴塞罗那地铁系统的16个车站是其新 MetroCharge 项目的一部分，该项目利用地下列车刹车的能量为列车和车站本身供电，而剩余的能量则通过电缆蜿蜒传输到地面，为私人车辆的充电站供电。 ) ( ① pull into 驶入，进站 ② pour out 涌出，涌出 ③ little do they know 他们几乎不知道 ④ go about (doing) sth. 忙于，从事 ⑤ a burst of 一股，一阵 ⑥ help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 ⑦ put together 整合，组装 ⑧ a package of 一整套 ⑨ do one's part 尽自己的一份力 ⑩ tackle climate change 应对气候变化 ⑪ aid the shift 助力转变 ⑫ the privately owned electric vehicle market 私人电动汽车市场 ⑬ consist of 由……组成 ⑭ in the case of 在……情况下 ⑮ be used to do 被用来做某事 ⑯ the remainder 剩余部分 ⑰ send snaking through cables 通过电缆蜿蜒传输 ⑱ plug-in station 充电站 ⑲ be pleasantly surprised 又惊喜又开心 ⑳ look for 寻找 ㉑ plug in 插入，充电 ㉒ regenerative brake 再生刹车 ㉓ consist of 由……组成 ㉔ collect energy 收集能量 ㉕ be lost as heat 以热量形式散失 ㉖ conventional brake 传统刹车 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 新闻报道 352 介绍了美国国鸟白头海雕曾濒临灭绝，后因DDT禁令、人工繁育、异地引入等保护措施数量得以恢复，并于2024年被正式立法定为美国国鸟的过程。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 325 文章讲述少女阿玛拉在拉各斯将垃圾场改造成公园，以此唤醒民众气候保护意识并带动更多公益行动。 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 345 主要介绍了幽灵渔具对海洋的巨大危害，以及人们从清理、预防、监管多方面采取措施治理该问题。 Passage4 阅读理解 记叙文 345 文章主要介绍了可持续航空燃料是航空业脱碳核心，虽面临成本高、供应不足等挑战，但技术有突破，是最具前景的短期减碳策略。 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 322 文章主要讲述了红狼克隆技术引发的争议，以及科学家对使用基因技术拯救濒危物种的质疑，强调栖息地保护和持续保育工作的重要性。 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 221 主要探讨纸质包装作为塑料替代品的环保性弊端，指出可持续包装需采取全面综合的策略。 Passage7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 222 文章主要解释了为什么不能将果核、果皮等残渣扔在自然环境中。 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 279 文章主要讲述了湿地守护者Dradul十多年来守护玛旁雍错湖，应对挑战保护生态的故事。 Passage9 完形填空 记叙文 265 Molai目睹家乡环境恶化，坚持种树37年，将荒地变成野生动物森林，以爱与坚守重建了人与自然的平衡。 Passage10 语法填空 说明文 278 文章主要讲述了中国为实现碳中和目标而采取的一系列措施，包括能源结构调整、技术改进、产业结构变化等，并强调了企业在减少碳排放方面的责任。 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·湖南名校·月考）The bald eagle is a symbol of the US. An image of the bird is on the flag and seal (印章) of the US president, the seal of the US Supreme Court, military insignia, as well as the dollar bill. Even so, the bird has had its ups and downs. At one time, it was at risk of permanent (永久的) extinction. Later, however, its numbers recovered. In the early 2000s, the bird was removed from its endangered species list. Culturally, too, the birds are doing well again. In December 2024 before leaving office, Joe Biden signed legislation (法规) officially making it the national bird. An insect-killing chemical called DDT played a major part in the long complex story of species weakness and recovery. Used to kill insects, DDT also proved harmful to eagle eggs. American officials banned DDT in 1972.But the use of the chemical had already caused severe damage to eagle populations. For example, in the 1980s there was only one nesting pair of eagles in New Jersey. Now, there are about 300 pairs. To rebuild the number of eagles across the US, researchers wanting to save them imported the birds from places where their population numbers were secure, including Canada. Early on, they also removed eggs from their nests so they could safely hatch (孵化) with scientists before being returned to their parents to raise. A lack of eagle habitat and prey (猎物) also threatens the species. Bald eagles feed heavily on fish, so they require clean, open water in which to hunt. Disease outbreaks are another serious threat to the birds. The birds are highly respected by several Native American cultures as symbols of strength, especially in the Pacific Northwest. The position of eagles as symbols of the US adds to their protection. Dan Day is a birder. He has seen bald eagles about 50 times in recent years both on nature walks and while driving around. He said, “It really elevates (提升) your day to see a bald eagle.” 1. What is Paragraph 3 mainly focused on? A. Specific measures to protect bald eagles. B. Hatching techniques of bald eagles. C. Protecting bald eagles through cooperation. D. Early protection and growth of bald eagles. 2. Which is the threat bald eagles are currently facing in the US? A. The widespread use of DDT. B. Illegal hunting by Native American. C. Lack of prey and outbreak of diseases. D. Severe environmental pollution in habitats. 3. What does the author convey in the last paragraph? A. Observing bald eagles is stressful. B. The protection of bald eagles has shown results. C. More people are paying attention to bald eagles. D. Encountering a bald eagle is unexpected. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Bald Eagle Is a Much More Respectable Bird B. The Past and Future of Bald Eagles in America C. The Complex Process of Successfully Rescuing Eagles D. Bald Eagles:Recovered,Officially US National Bird 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了美国国鸟白头海雕曾濒临灭绝，后因DDT禁令、人工繁育、异地引入等保护措施数量得以恢复，并于2024年被正式立法定为美国国鸟的过程。 1.主旨大意题。根据原文第三段“To rebuild the number of eagles across the US, researchers wanting to save them imported the birds from places where their population numbers were secure, including Canada. Early on, they also removed eggs from their nests so they could safely hatch with scientists before being returned to their parents to raise. (为了恢复美国各地的白头海雕数量，想要拯救它们的研究人员从加拿大等种群数量稳定的地区引进了这些鸟类。早期，他们还从巢穴中取出鸟蛋，以便在科学家的照料下安全孵化，之后再交还给它们的父母抚养。)”可知，这一段主要讲述了为恢复白头海雕数量所采取的具体保护措施。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据原文第四段“A lack of eagle habitat and prey also threatens the species. Bald eagles feed heavily on fish, so they require clean, open water in which to hunt. Disease outbreaks are another serious threat to the birds. (栖息地和猎物的缺乏也威胁着这一物种。白头海雕以鱼类为主要食物，因此它们需要干净、开阔的水域来捕猎。疾病暴发是这些鸟类面临的另一个严重威胁。)”可知，白头海雕目前在美国面临的威胁是猎物缺乏和疾病暴发。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Dan Day is a birder. He has seen bald eagles about 50 times in recent years both on nature walks and while driving around. (丹·戴是一位观鸟者。近年来，无论是在自然漫步还是驾车途中，他已经见过大约50次白头海雕。)”可知，作为普通人的丹·戴能频繁见到白头海雕，这一现象足以说明白头海雕的保护工作已经取得了明显成效。故选B。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇就点明白头海雕是美国的象征，随后讲述了它曾濒临灭绝的困境，接着介绍了人们采取的保护措施以及它的数量恢复情况，最后提到它于2024年被正式立法定为美国国鸟，全文始终围绕白头海雕的核心经历展开。D选项“白头海雕：数量恢复，正式成为美国国鸟”能够全面涵盖文章的核心内容，最适合作为本文的标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （2025-2026学年高二下·湖南·月考）Seven children line up, awaiting their turn on a slide. As each child rushes down, the ones behind laugh and cheer. Such scene is rare in Lagos, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, with a population of about 17 million. But on the city’s outskirts, a garbage-site-turned-park is providing room for kids to play. The project is the brainchild of 17-year-old Amara Nwuneli, who wants to prove that even in Lagos’ most crowded corners, children can have fun. For Amara, the path to building parks began when a terrible flood struck her hometown in 2020. Heavy rains swallowed entire neighborhoods, leaving thousands of families homeless. “People just said it was government failure or bad luck.” Amara recalls. But, later, she realized it was what was called Nigeria’s “climate apathy”: the tendency to view floods, heat waves, and droughts as isolated (孤立的) incidents rather than consequences of a warming planet. “I wanted to change the mindset,” Amara says. “If people don’t feel connected to nature, they won’t fight to protect it. And I knew that had to start with creating spaces people could actually see and feel.” It was no easy task. Amara first approached the Lagos State Government, which offered land but imposed (施加) restrictions that made long-term construction impossible. After months of dead ends, she shifted strategy and started looking for alternative spaces that were accessible to high-risk communities. Eventually, Amara secured a garbage site. She then mobilized a team of artists, volunteers, and small donors to clear the trash and rebuild the site with recycled materials. Three months later, the park opened. Amara is now planning two more parks. She says communities from across the country have been reaching out to her team for advice on how to reclaim abandoned spaces for public use. “That creates a kind of cycle,” Amara reflects. “I take action, others notice, they want to take action, too. And together, it grows.” 1. What might be a problem Lagos is facing? A. Insufficient public areas. B. Poor garbage management. C. Limited recreational activities. D. Uncontrolled population growth. 2. What made Amara determined to build parks? A. Losses from natural disasters. B. People’s ignorance of climate change. C. Disappointment in government failure. D. Nigeria’s inadequacy in public education. 3. What quality does Amara demonstrate when completing the project? A. Integrity. B. Optimism. C. Flexibility. D. Confidence. 4. What does Amara want to convey in the last paragraph? A. Small steps make a big difference. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. All roads lead to Rome. D. It is never too late to act. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】文章讲述少女阿玛拉在拉各斯将垃圾场改造成公园，以此唤醒民众气候保护意识并带动更多公益行动。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Such scene is rare in Lagos, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, with a population of about 17 million. But on the city’s outskirts, a garbage-site-turned-park is providing room for kids to play.(这样的场景在拉各斯很少见，它是非洲发展最快的城市之一，人口约1700万。但在城市郊区，一个由垃圾场改造的公园正在为孩子们提供玩耍的空间)”可知，拉各斯面临的问题是公共活动区域不足。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段“But, later, she realized it was what was called Nigeria’s ‘climate apathy’: the tendency to view floods, heat waves, and droughts as isolated incidents rather than consequences of a warming planet.(但后来，她意识到这就是所谓的尼日利亚的‘气候冷漠’：人们倾向于将洪水、热浪和干旱视为孤立事件，而非地球变暖带来的后果)”以及第三段“I wanted to change the mindset. If people don’t feel connected to nature, they won’t fight to protect it.(我想要改变这种心态。如果人们感受不到与自然的联系，就不会主动去保护自然)”可知，人们对气候变化的漠视态度，让阿玛拉下定决心修建公园唤醒大家。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段“Amara first approached the Lagos State Government, which offered land but imposed restrictions that made long-term construction impossible. After months of dead ends, she shifted strategy and started looking for alternative spaces that were accessible to high-risk communities.(阿玛拉最初联系了拉各斯州政府，政府提供了土地但施加了限制条件，导致长期施工无法开展。历经数月碰壁后，她转变策略，开始寻找高危社区周边的备选场地)”可知，遇到阻碍后她及时调整办法，体现出灵活变通的品质。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“I take action, others notice, they want to take action, too. And together, it grows.(我付诸行动，其他人看到后，也想要行动。众人同心，力量就会不断壮大)”可知，阿玛拉想表达微小行动积累起来就能产生巨大影响。 Passage 3 （2025-2026学年高二下·山东临沂·月考）“Ghost gear” refers to lost or abandoned fishing nets, a highly destructive pollutant in oceans. Each year, approximately 1 million tons of such gear are discarded at sea, accounting for up to 86% of large marine floating plastics. Unlike visible plastic waste like bottles, it sinks into the deep ocean, continuously trapping sea animals, producing microplastics and endangering navigation. To address this issue, organizations like Conservation International have launched programs worldwide. A distinctive project in Mexico focuses on training female divers known as sirenas to clear away ghost gear and help coastal communities gain a direct understanding of the pollution’s harm. These female divers rely on commercial fishing as their primary income source but volunteer for the cleanup. After professional training and certification, they start searching for and removing dangerous ghost gear. The operation tests their physical limits and patience to the fullest. As many as 117 sailors once invested over 40 hours in clearing a massive 300-foot-long fishing net. Their diving experience has completely transformed their perception of the ocean. By engaging with communities and fishing cooperatives, they have gradually gained recognition, carving out a space for women in marine conservation within the male-dominated fishing industry. Undoubtedly, prevention deserves the equal priority to cleanup. The Global Ghost Gear Initiative has developed a reporting system for fishers to notify lost gear for timely recovery and provided them with region-specific recommendations, such as avoiding operations in severe weather and storing gear properly. In selected regions, fishing nets bear unique identifiers, enabling the precise tracking of their ownership by individuals or commercial fisheries post-recovery and instantly locking down whoever is at fault. “Once your fishing gear is attached to distinct identifiers, it facilitates a heightened sense of individual accountability, which in turn generates a concrete effect on your behavioral approach to fishing practices,” notes Jimenez, a marine biologist. The governance of ghost gear demands cooperation among fishers, researchers and policymakers. By changing mindsets and taking effective measures, this campaign against ocean “ghosts” is advancing steadily, injecting hope for the sustainable future of marine ecosystems and coastal communities. 1. How does ghost gear differ from other marine plastics? A. It’s harder to detect. B. It’s distributed more extensively. C. It takes longer to break down. D. It floats evenly in shallower water. 2. Why does the author mention the 300-foot-long net removal example? A. To showcase training effect. B. To emphasize potential net risks. C. To highlight work efficiency. D. To demonstrate cleanup challenges. 3. What can we infer from Jimenez’s words? A. Labels avoid fishing net loss. B. Technology reshapes productivity. C. Markings boost responsibility. D. Identity validation guarantees security. 4. What can be the best title of the text? A. Deep-sea Ghost Gear: Silent Killers. B. Sirenas: Dedicated Ocean Guardians. C. Multi-dimensional Actions: Tackling Marine Ghosts. D. For Marine Conservation: Mind Your Fishing Gear. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了幽灵渔具对海洋的巨大危害，以及人们从清理、预防、监管多方面采取措施治理该问题。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Unlike visible plastic waste like bottles, it sinks into the deep ocean, continuously trapping sea animals, producing microplastics and endangering navigation. (与瓶子等可见的塑料垃圾不同，它会沉入深海，不断困住海洋动物，产生微塑料，危及航行)”可知，幽灵渔具和其他海洋塑料不同，它沉入深海、更难被检测到。故选A项。 2.推理判断题。根据第三段“The operation tests their physical limits and patience to the fullest. As many as 117 sailors once invested over 40 hours in clearing a massive 300-foot-long fishing net. (这项行动最大限度地考验了她们的体力和耐心。多达117名水手曾投入超过40小时清理一条长达300英尺的巨大渔网)”可知，作者提到清理300英尺长的渔网是为了展示清理工作的挑战性。故选D项。 3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Once your fishing gear is attached to distinct identifiers, it facilitates a heightened sense of individual accountability, which in turn generates a concrete effect on your behavioral approach to fishing practices, (一旦你的渔具贴上了独特的标识，就会增强个人的责任感，进而对你的捕鱼行为产生具体的影响）”可知，从Jimenez的话中我们可以推断出标记能增强责任感。故选C项。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段““Ghost gear” refers to lost or abandoned fishing nets, a highly destructive pollutant in oceans.(“幽灵渔具”是指丢失或遗弃的渔网，这是海洋中一种极具破坏性的污染物)”、最后一段“The governance of ghost gear demands cooperation among fishers, researchers and policymakers.(幽灵渔具的治理需要渔民、研究人员和政策制定者之间的合作)”以及文章内容可知，本文既介绍幽灵渔具的危害，又介绍多国组织、人员从清理、预防、监管多方面采取措施，所以“多维行动：对抗海洋幽灵”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 4 （25-26高二下·浙江·期中）Sustainable Skies: The Future of Aviation Fuel In the race to decarbonize (脱碳) the aviation industry, researchers are increasingly turning their attention to Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). Unlike conventional jet fuel, which is derived from crude oil (原油), SAFs are produced from renewable feedstocks such as used cooking oil, animal fat, and even carbon dioxide. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has estimated that SAFs could contribute up to 65% of the aviation sector’s emissions reduction goals by 2050, making them a cornerstone (基石；核心) of the industry’s green transition. However, the widespread adoption of SAFs faces significant challenges. Currently, these fuels cost roughly two to three times more than traditional jet fuel due to high production costs and limited scalability. Another hurdle is the lack of global infrastructure for production and distribution. While major airlines have committed to using increasing amounts of SAFs, the global supply currently meets only about 0.1% of aviation’s total demand. To address this, scientists are exploring innovative production techniques. A team at a leading university has developed a new catalytic process that can convert carbon dioxide directly into jet fuel using green hydrogen, generated by renewable electricity. This method, known as “power-to-fuel,” offers the promise of a circular economy, where emissions are captured and reused rather than released into the atmosphere. Moreover, recent flight tests have shown that SAFs can be seamlessly blended with conventional fuel in existing aircraft engines without modification. This compatibility (兼容性) is a crucial technical breakthrough, as it means airlines do not need to invest in new fleets to adopt the greener alternative. Dr. Elena Marquez, a leading aerospace engineer, remains optimistic. “SAFs are not just a theoretical solution; they are a viable (可行的) path forward. With targeted government policies and private investment, we can scale up production quickly,” she said. Ultimately, while the journey to fully sustainable aviation is long, SAFs represent the most promising short-term strategy to reduce the carbon footprint of the skies. 1. According to the passage, what is a key advantage of SAFs over conventional jet fuel? A. It is cheaper to produce. B. It can reduce the industry’s emissions. C. It requires new aircraft engines to operate. D. It is derived from crude oil. 2. What can be inferred about the current state of SAFs? A. They have already replaced most conventional fuels. B. Their high cost is the only barrier to their adoption. C. There is a global shortage of sustainable aviation fuel. D. They cannot be blended with traditional jet fuel. 3. It can be learned from the passage that the “power-to-fuel” method ______. A. is a costly but environmentally beneficial process. B. will immediately solve the problem of limited supply. C. uses carbon dioxide as a source of renewable electricity. D. requires significant modifications to existing aircraft. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of sustainable aviation fuels? A. Critical. B. Neutral. C. Pessimistic. D. Favorable. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了可持续航空燃料是航空业脱碳核心，虽面临成本高、供应不足等挑战，但技术有突破，是最具前景的短期减碳策略。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has estimated that SAFs could contribute up to 65% of the aviation sector’s emissions reduction goals by 2050, making them a cornerstone (基石；核心) of the industry’s green transition.( 国际航空运输协会（IATA）估计，到 2050 年，SAFs 可能能为航空业减排目标贡献高达 65%的成果，使其成为该行业绿色转型的关键组成部分。)”可知，可持续航空燃料（SAFs）的核心优势是能大幅减少航空业碳排放，这也是其成为行业绿色转型核心的原因。 2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“While major airlines have committed to using increasing amounts of SAFs, the global supply currently meets only about 0.1% of aviation’s total demand.( 尽管各大航空公司已承诺使用越来越多的 SAFs，但目前全球供应量仅能满足航空业总需求的约 0.1%。)”可推知，全球 SAFs 供应量仅能满足航空业 0.1% 的总需求，说明存在严重的全球短缺。 3.推理判断题。根据第三段中“This method, known as “power-to-fuel,” offers the promise of a circular economy, where emissions are captured and reused rather than released into the atmosphere.( 这种被称为“电力转燃料”的方法有望实现循环经济，即将排放物捕获并重新利用，而非排放到大气中。)”可知，“电转燃料”技术能捕获并再利用二氧化碳，实现循环经济，具有显著环保效益；结合全文 SAFs 普遍成本较高的背景，可推断该创新技术目前成本也较高。 4.推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Ultimately, while the journey to fully sustainable aviation is long, SAFs represent the most promising short-term strategy to reduce the carbon footprint of the skies.( 最终，尽管实现完全可持续航空的旅程漫长，但可持续航空燃料是减少天空碳足迹的最具前景的短期策略。)”可推知，作者对于可持续航空燃料的未来持支持的态度。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·湖南邵东·月考）The recent announcement of cloned red wolf pups has drawn widespread attention. While Colossal Laboratories & Biosciences celebrated the birth of four red wolf clones and described them as a step toward “de-extinction” on its website, specialists have emphasized that genetic technology is not the real answer to saving threatened species. Red wolves once lived across large areas of the southeastern United States. However, their numbers decreased quickly in the 1970s due to habitat loss, hunting, and inbreeding with coyotes (郊狼). In 1980, the species was declared extinct in the wild. In fact, to save red wolves, a government captive breeding (圈养繁殖) program, starting in 1973, rebuilt their population to more than 120, and later tried to reintroduce them into the wild. Yet when the program was discontinued in the mid-2010s, their numbers dropped sharply to only seven wolves. The program was restarted in 2021, but now only has about 20 wolves. Colossal’s four red wolf pups were cloned from cells taken from “ghost wolves” — coyotes with large amounts of red wolf ancestry. But scientists doubt that gene modification (修改) is a particularly useful tool for red wolf conservation at present. They currently don’t have a good picture of red wolf genetics. While they estimate that 80 percent of ghost wolf genes are from red wolf ancestors, and not coyotes, they don’t know for sure which genes are which. According to scientists, there is a greater risk posed by using genetic technology for “de-extinction,” as it may divert attention from essential work like protecting habitats and rebuilding healthy populations of endangered animals. The danger of believing that genetic technology can replace such hard work is now apparent. Red wolves need protected habitats and careful conservation, rather than fresh genes. If we focus on one and not the other, there is a genuine risk that they will die off once again. 1. What does the captive breeding program in paragraph 2 mainly show? A. Cloning helps save endangered species. B. Captive red wolves struggle in the wild. C. Human activities threaten red wolves most. D. Sustained protection is key to species recovery. 2. Why do scientists doubt about cloning red wolves? A. They consider it costs too much. B. They lack clear genetic knowledge. C. They don’t think technology is mature. D. They believe it harms ecological balance. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Genetic tech is the final solution. B. Overusing tech may lead to failure. C. Habitat protection is less important. D. Cloning is necessary for red wolves. 4. What’s the best title for the text? A. Gene Editing: A De-extinction Solution B. Protecting Wolves: Beyond Human Efforts C. Saving Red Wolves: More Than Technology D. Cloning: A New Hope for Endangered Species 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了红狼克隆技术引发的争议，以及科学家对使用基因技术拯救濒危物种的质疑，强调栖息地保护和持续保育工作的重要性。 1.推理判断题。根据第二段中“In fact, to save red wolves, a government captive breeding (圈养繁殖) program, starting in 1973, rebuilt their population to more than 120, and later tried to reintroduce them into the wild. Yet when the program was discontinued in the mid-2010s, their numbers dropped sharply to only seven wolves.(事实上，为了拯救红狼，一项始于1973年的政府圈养繁殖计划将其种群数量恢复到120多只，后来尝试将它们重新引入野外。然而，当该计划于2010年代中期停止时，它们的数量急剧下降到仅有7只。)”可知，圈养繁殖计划的成功与失败对比表明，持续的保护是物种恢复的关键。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“But scientists doubt that gene modification (修改) is a particularly useful tool for red wolf conservation at present. They currently don’t have a good picture of red wolf genetics.(但科学家怀疑基因改造目前并不是红狼保护的一个特别有用的工具。他们目前对红狼的遗传学还没有清晰的认识。)”可知，科学家对克隆红狼持怀疑态度是因为他们缺乏清晰的遗传学知识。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The danger of believing that genetic technology can replace such hard work is now apparent. Red wolves need protected habitats and careful conservation, rather than fresh genes. If we focus on one and not the other, there is a genuine risk that they will die off once again.(相信基因技术可以取代这种艰苦工作的危险现在已经很明显了。红狼需要受保护的栖息地和精心的保育，而不是新的基因。如果我们只关注其中一个而忽视另一个，它们再次灭绝的风险是真实存在的。)”可知，过度依赖基因技术而忽视栖息地保护可能导致失败。故选B。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“While Colossal Laboratories & Biosciences celebrated the birth of four red wolf clones and described them as a step toward “de-extinction” on its website, specialists have emphasized that genetic technology is not the real answer to saving threatened species.(尽管科洛塞尔生物科学实验室对四只克隆红狼的诞生表示庆贺，并在其官网称这是迈向“物种反灭绝”的一步，但专家强调基因技术并不是拯救濒危物种的真正答案。)”以及最后一段中“Red wolves need protected habitats and careful conservation, rather than fresh genes(红狼需要受保护的栖息地和精心的保育，而不是新的基因。)”可知，文章主旨是拯救红狼需要更多技术手段之外的工作。故选C。 Passage 6 （25-26高二下·湖南·月考）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sustainable packaging has become a buzzword in recent years. From paper-based materials to biodegradable alternatives, the shift away from traditional plastics appears to be a step in the right direction. ____1____ One of the most popular alternatives to plastics is paper- based packaging. The logic appears sound. ____2____ However, the environmental cost of paper production is often overlooked. Compared to plastic, producing paper packaging requires significantly more energy and water. A study highlighted that paper bags require at least four times more energy to manufacture than plastic bags. ____3____ While many brands claim to use responsibly sourced or recycled paper, the global demand for paper packaging still places immense pressure on forests. This pressure will cause too much tree cutting and habitat loss, harming wildlife. And the loss of trees will reduce the planet’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. Moreover, paper-based packaging is usually heavier than plastic packaging. ____4____For instance, trucks carrying paper packages use more fuel, increasing emissions. This extra weight also makes logistics (物流) more challenging. Therefore, the full life cycle of paper packaging shows its eco-benefits aren’t as clear as they seem.____5____This means focusing on reducing waste first, making better waste management systems, and using sustainable materials in the best way. Only by doing all these things together can we cut down on environmental harm. A. This can make transportation less efficient. B. However, beneath the surface lies a more complex reality. C. Therefore, many brands now use paper-based packaging. D. Its production requires four times the energy of plastic bags. E. The destruction of forests linked to the paper industry is another concern. F. To achieve sustainable packaging completely, we need a well-rounded approach. G. Paper is biodegradable, recyclable, and can be obtained from renewable resources. 【答案】1. B 2. G 3. E 4. A 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨纸质包装作为塑料替代品的环保性弊端，指出可持续包装需采取全面综合的策略。 1.根据空前的“Sustainable packaging has become a buzzword in recent years. From paper- based materials to biodegradable alternatives, the shift away from traditional plastics appears to be a step in the right direction. (可持续包装近年来已成为一个热门词汇。从纸质材料到可生物降解的替代品，摒弃传统塑料的转变似乎是朝着正确方向迈出的一步)”以及后文对纸质包装环保弊端的阐述可知，此空需要起到转折作用，引出看似环保的纸质包装背后存在的复杂问题。B选项“However, beneath the surface lies a more complex reality. (然而，表象之下隐藏着一个更为复杂的现实)”中的however表转折，承接前文“正确方向”的观点，又引出后文的详细论述，符合语境。故选B项。 2.根据空前的“One of the most popular alternatives to plastics is paper-based packaging. The logic appears sound. (纸质包装是最受欢迎的塑料替代品之一。其合理性看似毋庸置疑)”以及空后的“However, the environmental cost of paper production is often overlooked. (然而，纸张生产的环境成本往往被忽视)”可知，此空需要说明纸质包装看似合理的原因，即其自身存在环境成本。G选项“Paper is biodegradable, recyclable, and can be obtained from renewable resources. (纸张可生物降解、可回收，且可从可再生资源中获取)”阐述了纸质包装的优点，契合前文“logic appears sound”的表述，同时为后文的转折做铺垫，符合语境。故选G项。 3.根据空后的“While many brands claim to use responsibly sourced or recycled paper, the global demand for paper packaging still places immense pressure on forests. This pressure will cause too much tree cutting and habitat loss, harming wildlife. (尽管许多品牌声称使用负责任采购或回收的纸张，但全球对纸质包装的需求仍给森林带来巨大压力。这种压力会导致大量树木被砍伐、栖息地丧失，进而危害野生生物)”可知，此空应是本段的主题句，点明纸质包装带来的森林相关问题。E选项“The destruction of forests linked to the paper industry is another concern. (与造纸业相关的森林破坏是另一个值得关注的问题)”概括了本段的核心内容，引出后文的详细说明，符合语境。故选E项。 4.根据空前的“Moreover, paper-based packaging is usually heavier than plastic packaging. (此外，纸质包装通常比塑料包装更重)”以及空后的“For instance, trucks carrying paper packages use more fuel, increasing emissions. (例如，运输纸质包装的卡车会消耗更多燃料，增加排放量)”可知，此空需要说明纸质包装更重所带来的具体负面影响。A选项“This can make transportation less efficient. (这会降低运输的效率)”中的this指代前文“纸质包装更重”这一特点，且后文的例子正是对运输效率降低的具体阐释，符合语境。故选A项。 5.根据空前的“Therefore, the full life cycle of paper packaging shows its eco-benefits aren’t as clear as they seem. (因此，从全生命周期来看，纸质包装的生态效益并不像表面看起来的那样明确)”以及空后的“This means focusing on reducing waste first, making better waste management systems, and using sustainable materials in the best way. (这意味着要首先注重减少浪费，完善废物管理系统，并以最佳方式使用可持续材料)”可知，此空需要提出实现可持续包装的正确方法。F选项“To achieve sustainable packaging completely, we need a well-rounded approach. (要完全实现可持续包装，我们需要一种全面的方法)”中的a well-rounded approach对应后文的具体措施，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 7 （25-26高二下·山东临沂·月考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,有两项为多余选项。 If you’re a hiker or outdoor person, you know how important it can be to bring a snack with you on a long outdoor adventure. ____1____ But when you’re done with your apple, you can just throw the core away, right? While your banana skin or apple core will degrade when exposed to nature, it is not necessarily safe for the environment for you to do so. Here’s why. ____2____ If you’ve ever had a compost heap (堆肥堆), you know that when you throw something in the compost, it takes some time to biodegrade and turn into rich, dark soil. Compost heaps are often the most ideal places for this organic matter to break down. ____3____ Next, leaving food waste could harm wildlife. If you leave an apple core near your favorite outdoor adventure spot, a deer may come along and decide to finish eating it for you. ____4____ However, feeding wildlife increases habituation. If an animal becomes habituated to finding apple cores along roadsides, for example, it increases the likelihood that it will be hurt or killed by passing traffic. Ultimately, the best practice when experiencing nature is to pack out everything that you pack in, even biodegradable food waste. Humans have systems in place for dealing with the quantity of organic food waste we produce. ____5____ A. The deer may be happy with the find. B. Do remember to bring your favorite snack. C. First, food waste might not degrade quickly. D. Finally, this might attract a group of wild deer. E. The ground near your favorite local hiking path is not. F. Nature, on the other hand, may have a harder time dealing with our waste. G. A banana, apple, or some other snack can make all the difference to how far you can go. 【答案】1. G 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. F 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么不能将果核、果皮等残渣扔在自然环境中。 1.根据空前“If you’re a hiker or outdoor person, you know how important it can be to bring a snack with you on a long outdoor adventure.(如果你是一个徒步旅行者或户外爱好者，你知道在漫长的户外探险中带零食有多重要)”和空后“But when you're done with your apple, you can just throw the core away, right?(但当你吃完苹果后，你可以直接扔掉果核，对吧？)”可知，空前提到了在漫长的户外探险中带零食的重要性，空后提出吃完苹果会将直接扔掉果核，故G项“一个香蕉、苹果或其他零食可以决定你能走多远”符合，承接前文，强调户外活动带零食的重要性，且引出后文关于仍苹果核的话题。故选G项。 2.根据空后“If you’ve ever had a compost heap (堆肥堆) , you know that when you throw something in the compost, it takes some time to biodegrade and turn into rich, dark soil.(如果你曾经有过堆肥堆，你知道当你把东西扔进堆肥时，它需要一些时间来生物降解并变成肥沃的土壤)”可知，空后提到将垃圾扔进堆肥，需要花费一些时间来生物降解，故C项“首先，食物残渣可能不会快速降解”作为本段的主旨句，说明食物降解需要时间。故选C项。 3.根据空前“Compost heaps are often the most ideal places for this organic matter to break down.(堆肥堆通常是这种有机物质分解的最理想场所)”可知，空前提到堆肥堆是有机物质分解的最理想的场所，故E项“你最喜欢的徒步路径附近的地面不是”与堆肥形成对比，说明自然环境不适合降解。故选E项。 4.根据空前“If you leave an apple core near your favorite outdoor adventure spot, a deer may come along and decide to finish eating it for you.(如果你在你喜欢的户外探险地点附近留下一个苹果核，一只鹿可能会过来决定帮你吃掉它)”可知，空前提到鹿可能会吃掉你留下的食物残渣，故A项“鹿可能会对这个发现感到高兴”承接前文，并与后文“However, feeding wildlife increases habituation.(然而，喂养野生动物会增加它们的习惯化)”构成转折关系。故选A项。 5.根据空前“Humans have systems in place for dealing with the quantity of organic food waste we produce.(人类有系统处理我们产生的大量有机食物残渣)”可知，前文提到人类有处理食物残渣的系统，故F项“另一方面，自然可能更难处理我们的垃圾”与人类系统形成对比，人类有处理食物残渣的系统，但自然很难处理我们的垃圾。故选F项。 Passage 8 （24-25高一下·滁州·开学考）Three black-headed waterbirds circled above Mapam Yumco Lake, the world’s highest freshwater lake. Near the lake, 42-year-old Dradul has 1 as a guardian of the wetland for more than a decade. By mid-morning on a typical working day, Dradul will be circling the lake on his motorcycle, covering a 2 route stretching nearly 10 kilometers. In his bag are binoculars(双筒望远镜) for observing waterbirds, a notebook for recording wildlife species and 3 , and garbage bags for collecting litter. He also carries what he calls his “life-saving 4 ” — food, water, and tools for animal rescues. Mapam Yumco Lake, known as the “Mother of Rivers,” 5 the headwaters of four major Asian rivers, sustaining life far beyond the Himalayas. The guardians’ tasks may seem 6 — patrolling (巡逻), recording, responding to threats — but in this delicate ecosystem, even small actions carry weight. Last year, they rescued an eagle with a broken wing, nursing it back to 7 . This July, they spotted a wild Yak trapped in a mudflat, and they 8 pulled it to safety. Beyond rescues, much of a guardian’s work involves preventing 9 littering everywhere. Thanks to their efforts, the wetland’s 10 has steadily improved. Yet the work isn’t easy. Climate change poses the biggest 11 , changing shorelines and damaging grassland. Besides, while most visitors 12 the rules, some litter or even wash cars in the lake. With vast areas to cover, Dradul hopes to use more technologies to help them better fulfill their 13 . 14 challenges, Dradul believes the lake will never grow old, with more young people 15 the responsibility of protection. 1. A. operated B. recognized C. served D. performed 2. A. fixed B. constant C. straight D. temporary 3. A. schools B. numbers C. problems D. habitats 4. A. equipment B. device C. system D. kit 5. A. controls B. creates C. divides D. feeds 6. A. urgent B. crucial C. constructive D. routine 7. A. freedom B. life C. health D. strength 8. A. carefully B. hardly C. freely D. desperately 9. A. friends B. settlers C. visitors D. strangers 10. A. restoration B. management C. scenery D. ecosystem 11. A. challenge B. dilemma C. puzzle D. solution 12. A. break B. respect C. discover D. change 13. A. duties B. promises C. objectives D. dreams 14. A. With B. Despite C. About D. Through 15. A. taking up B. taking out C. taking in D. taking down 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了湿地守护者Dradul十多年来守护玛旁雍错湖，应对挑战保护生态的故事。 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在湖边，42岁的Dradul担任湿地守护者已有十多年。A. operated操作；B. recognized认可；C. served服务；D. performed表演。根据后文“as a guardian of the wetland”可知，此处表示担任湿地守护者，serve as表示“担任”。故选C。 2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在典型的工作日，到了上午中段时间，Dradul会骑着摩托车绕湖巡逻，走一条近10公里的固定路线。A. fixed固定的；B. constant持续的；C. straight直的；D. temporary临时的。根据前文“Dradul will be circling the lake on his motorcycle”和后文“stretching nearly 10 kilometers”可知，守护者的巡逻路线通常是固定的、有规律的。fixed更符合“巡逻路线”的特点，故选A。 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的包里装有观察水鸟的双筒望远镜、记录野生动物种类和数量的笔记本，以及收集垃圾的垃圾袋。A. schools学校；B. numbers数量；C. problems问题；D. habitats栖息地。与前文“wildlife species(野生动物种类)”并列记录的，最可能是观察到的“数量”。故选B。 4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还携带他称之为“救生装备”的东西——食物、水以及动物救援工具。A. equipment设备；B. device装置；C. system系统；D. kit装备。根据后文“food, water, and tools for animal rescues”可知，这些都是成套的应急物品，kit常指一套用于特定目的的物品，此处用“life-saving kit”非常贴切。故选D。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛旁雍错湖被称为“万河之母”，是亚洲四条主要河流的源头，养育着喜马拉雅山以外的生命。A. controls控制；B. creates创造；C. divides划分；D. feeds养育。根据后文“the headwaters of four major Asian rivers, sustaining life far beyond the Himalayas”可知，湖泊是河流的源头，为其提供水源，因此用“feeds”最为准确。故选D。 6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：守护者的任务可能看似例行公事——巡逻、记录、应对威胁——但在这个脆弱的生态系统中，即使是小行动也有分量。A. urgent紧急的；B. crucial关键的；C. constructive建设性的；D. routine例行的。根据后文“patrolling, recording, responding to threats”可知，这些是守护者日常重复进行的工作，routine表示“常规的”，与后文“even small actions carry weight”形成转折，符合逻辑。故选D。 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，他们救了一只翅膀折断的鹰，将其护理至康复。A. freedom自由；B. life生命；C. health健康；D. strength力量。根据“rescued an eagle with a broken wing”可知，此处表示将其护理至康复，nursing sb. back to health表示“使某人康复”。故选C。 8.考查副词词义辨析。句意：今年七月，他们发现一头野牦牛被困在泥滩中，他们小心翼翼地将其拉至安全地带。A. carefully小心地；B. hardly几乎不；C. freely自由地；D. desperately绝望地。根据前文“a wild Yak trapped in a mudflat”可知，救援被困动物需要小心操作，避免造成二次伤害，carefully符合情境。故选A。 9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了救援，守护者的大部分工作还包括防止游客到处乱扔垃圾。A. friends朋友；B. settlers定居者；C. visitors游客；D. strangers陌生人。根据“littering everywhere”和下一段提到“most visitors _______ the rules, some litter or even wash cars in the lake.”，可知乱扔垃圾的主要是游客。故选C。 10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他们的努力，湿地的生态系统稳步改善。A. restoration恢复；B. management管理；C. scenery风景；D. ecosystem生态系统。根据后文“has steadily improved”并结合前文提到守护者进行巡逻、记录物种、清理垃圾、救助动物可知，这些都是为了保护整个生态系统的健康。“生态系统稳步改善”直接对应其工作成果。故选D。 11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项工作并不容易。气候变化构成了最大的挑战，改变了海岸线并破坏了草地。A. challenge挑战；B. dilemma困境；C. puzzle谜题；D. solution解决方案。根据后文“changing shorelines and damaging grassland”可知，此处表示气候变化构成了最大的挑战，故选A。 12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，虽然大多数游客遵守规则，但有些人乱扔垃圾，甚至在湖里洗车。A. break打破；B. respect尊重，遵守；C. discover发现；D. change改变。根据后文“some litter or even wash cars in the lake”可知，此处与“some”形成对比，指大多数人是“遵守”规则的。故选B。 13.考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于要覆盖的面积很大，Dradul希望使用更多技术来帮助他们更好地履行职责。A. duties职责；B. promises承诺；C. objectives目标；D. dreams梦想。根据前文提到的“patrolling, recording, responding to threats”可知，这些均是守护者的 “职责”，fulfill their duties表示“履行职责”。故选A。 14.考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临挑战，Dradul相信，随着越来越多的年轻人承担起保护责任，这个湖永远不会老去。A. With和；B. Despite尽管；C. About关于；D. Through通过。根据“challenges”和“the lake will never grow old”可知，后半句表达积极信念，与前文提到的困难构成让步关系，“尽管有挑战”。故选B。 15.考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. taking up承担；B. taking out取出；C. taking in吸收；D. taking down记下。根据“the responsibility of protection”可知，此处表示年轻人“承担起”保护的责任，应用take up。故选A。 Passage 9 （25-26高一下·湖南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Growing up in a tiny village in India, Molai regarded the nearby wildland as his second ____1____. From an early age, he learned to cherish the value and beauty of ____2____, developing a quiet love for every living thing around him. At 16, Molai began to ____3____ that his homeland was suffering from upsetting changes. A fierce flood hit the area earlier that year, and the ____4____ it caused behind drove many birds away. Besides, the population of snakes dropped ____5____ as well. Molai soon ____6____ that without enough trees, creatures could not be protected from the burning heat. The only way out was to plant trees, so that animals could find shelter and peace in the daytime. Determined to ____7____, he turned to the local forest department for support, only to be told that nothing could grow on the ____8____ land. Yet Molai refused to give up. Searching on his own, he found a nearby island and started his lifelong journey of ____9____. Protecting young trees in the dry season was extremely ____10____ for a boy alone. To solve the problem, Molai ____11____ a small bamboo structure at the top of each young tree, where he set up holed earthen pots to ____12____ rainwater. The water would slowly drip down, nourishing the young trees day by day. Molai ____13____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His forest is now home to hundreds of elephants and many other animals. He has indeed created a wildlife ____14____ out of nothing, proving that one’s determination and love can regain the ____15____ between humans and nature. 1. A. workshop B. classroom C. park D. block 2. A. wetlands B. life C. society D. nature 3. A. sense B. predict C. defend D. avoid 4. A. fault B. force C. damage D. pressure 5. A. gradually B. steadily C. frequently D. sharply 6. A. doubted B. realized C. imagined D. admitted 7. A. make a mess B. make a promise C. make an apology D. make a difference 8. A. wet B. hot C. dry D. poor 9. A. training B. planting C. volunteering D. farming 10. A. tough B. boring C. common D. familiar 11. A. bought B. built C. found D. repaired 12. A. clean B. boil C. carry D. collect 13. A. failed B. continued C. refused D. learned 14. A. image B. species C. branch D. habitat 15. A. balance B. challenge C. struggle D. support 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Molai目睹家乡环境恶化，坚持种树37年，将荒地变成野生动物森林，以爱与坚守重建了人与自然的平衡。 1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Molai在印度一个小村庄长大，把附近的野地当作他的第二个课堂。A. workshop车间；B. classroom课堂；C. park公园；D. block街区。根据后文“From an early age, he learned to cherish the value and beauty”可知，这里指他在自然中学习，即把附近的野地当作他的第二个课堂。故选B项。 2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：从小，他就懂得珍惜自然的价值与美好，渐渐对身边的一切生命产生了沉静的热爱。A. wetlands湿地；B. life生命；C. society社会；D. nature自然。根据后文“developing a quiet love for every living thing around him”可知，这里指Molai懂得珍惜自然的价值与美好。故选D项。 3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：16岁时，Molai开始意识到家乡正遭受令人不安的变化。A. sense意识到；B. predict预测；C. defend保卫；D. avoid避免。根据后文“A fierce flood hit the area earlier that year”和“the population of snakes dropped”等可知，这里指他感受到环境恶化。故选A项。 4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年早些时候一场特大洪水袭击了该地区，它造成的破坏迫使许多鸟类离开。A. fault错误；B. force力量；C. damage破坏；D. pressure压力。根据后文“drove many birds away”和“the population of snakes dropped”可知，这些都是洪水带来了破坏。故选C项。 5.考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，蛇的数量也急剧下降。A. gradually逐渐地；B. steadily稳定地；C. frequently频繁地；D. sharply急剧地。根据上文“his homeland was suffering from upsetting changes”可知，这里指环境被严重破坏，生物数量大幅减少。故选D项。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Molai很快意识到没有足够的树木，生物无法躲避酷热。A. doubted怀疑；B. realized意识到；C. imagined想象；D. admitted承认。根据后文“without enough trees, creatures could not be protected from the burning heat”可知，这里指Molai认识到问题根源，即没有足够的树。故选B项。 7.考查动词短语辨析。句意：决心要有所作为，他向当地林业部门寻求支持，却被告知这片干燥的土地上什么也种不活。A. make a mess一团糟；B. make a promise许诺；C. make an apology道歉；D. make a difference有所作为。根据后文“Molai 　　　 to plant trees for the next 37 years”描述他坚持种树改变环境可知，这里指Molai决心要有所作为。故选D项。 8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：决心要有所作为，他向当地林业部门寻求支持，却被告知这片干燥的土地上什么也种不活。A. wet湿的；B. hot热的；C. dry干燥的；D. poor贫瘠的。根据后文“Protecting young trees in the dry season was extremely 　　　 ”可知，这里指土地干旱所以种不了树。故选C项。 9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他独自寻找，发现了附近的一座小岛，并开启了毕生的植树之旅。A. training训练；B. planting种植；C. volunteering志愿服务；D. farming务农。根据前文“The only way out was to plant trees”可知，这里指他开始种树。故选B项。 10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在旱季保护幼树对一个独自干活的男孩来说极其艰难。A. tough艰难的；B. boring无聊的；C. common普通的；D. familiar 熟悉的。根据后文“Molai 　　　 a small bamboo structure at the top of each young tree, where he set up holed earthen pots to 　　　 rainwater”描述他专门设计装置解决浇水问题可知，这里指保护幼树很艰难，tough符合语境。故选A项。 11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了解决这个问题，Molai 在每棵小树苗的顶端搭建了一个小型竹制装置，并在上面放置带孔的陶罐来收集雨水。A. bought买；B. built建造；C. found发现；D. repaired修理。根据后文“a small bamboo structure at the top of each young tree”可知，这里指Molai亲手搭建储水工具，built符合语境。故选B项。 12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了解决这个问题，Molai在每棵小树苗的顶端搭建了一个小型竹制装置，并在上面放置带孔的陶罐来收集雨水。A. clean清洁；B. boil煮沸；C. carry搬运；D. collect收集。根据后文“The water would slowly drip down, nourishing the young trees day by day”描述雨水慢慢滴落滋养树木可知，这里指Molai是用陶罐来收集雨水。故选D项。 13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. failed失败；B. continued继续；C. refused拒绝；D. learned学习。根据后文“for the next 37 years”可知，这里指他长期坚持种树，continued符合语境。故选B项。 14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他真的从无到有创造了一个野生动物栖息地，证明一个人的决心与爱心可以重获人与自然的平衡。A. image形象；B. species物种；C. branch树枝；D. habitat栖息地。根据前文“His forest is now home to hundreds of elephants and many other animals”可知，Molai创造了一个野生动物栖息地。故选D项。 15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他真的从无到有创造了一个野生动物栖息地，证明一个人的决心与爱心可以重获人与自然的平衡。A. balance平衡；B. challenge挑战；C. struggle挣扎；D. support支持。根据从环境破坏到“His forest is now home to hundreds of elephants and many other animals”描述森林复苏可知，这里指人与自然重归和谐，即重获人与自然的平衡。故选A项。 Passage 10 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二下·安徽·联考）China will need to speed up decarbonization by achieving carbon neutrality (中和) in selected fields by 2050. It will need to move away from energy-intensive industries to low-carbon and high tech production, and transform the power supply by gradually ____1____ (remove) coal power generation and shifting to wind, solar and nuclear power. ____2____ (achieve) overall net zero before 2060, in addition to increasing forest coverage, China will also need to improve the technologies commonly ____3____ (employ) to collect and store carbon to help reduce emissions from fields such as industrial processing and transportation. China’s path to carbon neutrality will likely involve structural changes across the economy, which will have a substantial impact ____4____ several industries. Iron and steel, chemicals, cement and building materials are key sources of carbon emissions. Cutting out coal use in these fields would require a ____5____ (combine) of strategies. As the transformation cannot rely on electricity alone, the government aims to expand the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption and use biofuels in applications ____6____ are not subject to electrification (电气化). Over the past few decades, mass production in China ____7____ (contribute) to turning solar panels from a high-cost source of energy to the cheapest source of clean energy, so similar results could be achieved for a much ____8____ (broad) range of renewable energy and industrial processes. While Chinese companies, in general, should ____9____ (strict) monitor their products’ carbon footprints in the supply chains and reduce carbon emissions in production, those operating overseas should work with local partners to invest in green technology in agreement with ____10____ green commitment of the Belt and Road Initiative. 【答案】1. removing 2. To achieve 3. employed 4. on##upon 5. combination 6. that##which 7. has contributed 8. broader 9. strictly 10. the 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国为实现碳中和目标而采取的一系列措施，包括能源结构调整、技术改进、产业结构变化等，并强调了企业在减少碳排放方面的责任。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国将需要从能源密集型产业向低碳和高科技生产转型，并通过逐步取消燃煤发电，转向风能、太阳能和核能来改变电力供应。by为介词，后面需接动名词作宾语。故填removing。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在2060年前实现全面净零排放，除了增加森林覆盖率外，中国还需要改进通常用于收集和储存碳的技术，以帮助减少工业加工和运输等领域的排放。空处在句中作目的状语，需用动词不定式，句首单词首字母大写。故填To achieve。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处为非谓语动词，修饰technologies，且technologies和employ之间为被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。故填employed。 4.考查介词。句意：中国的碳中和之路可能涉及整个经济的结构性变化，这将对几个行业产生重大影响。have an impact on/upon为固定短语，意为“对……产生影响”。故填on/upon。 5.考查名词。句意：在这些领域取消煤炭使用需要多种策略的结合。不定冠词a修饰名词，空处需填名词combinationd的单数形式，作require的宾语。故填combination。 6.考查定语从句。句意：由于转型不能仅依靠电力，政府的目标是扩大非化石燃料在一次能源消费中的份额，并在不适合电气化的应用中使用生物燃料。空处引导定语从句，先行词applications，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/ which。 7.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，中国的大规模生产使太阳能电池板从高成本能源转变为最便宜的清洁能源，因此类似的结果可以在更广泛的可再生能源和工业过程中实现。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语Over the past few decades可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为mass production，助动词用has。故填has contributed。 8.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词range，且根据空前much可知，需填形容词比较级。故填broader。 9.考查副词。句意：虽然一般来说，中国公司应该严格监控其供应链中产品的碳足迹，并减少生产中的碳排放，但那些在海外运营的公司应该与当地合作伙伴合作，投资绿色技术，以符合“一带一路”倡议的绿色承诺。空处修饰动词monitor，需用副词strictly。故填strictly。 10.考查冠词。句意同上。此处特指“一带一路”倡议的绿色承诺，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $