新课11 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World（词汇+课文）（人教版）（教材预习，全国通用）英语初升高衔接

新人教版必修一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World (单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 一、重点单词 1. carve vt.&vi. 雕刻；carving n. 雕刻术；雕刻品；carved adj. 雕刻的 英文：He can carve wood. She learned carving. The box has a carved design. 中文：他会雕刻木头。她学习了雕刻术。这个盒子上有雕刻的图案。 2. classic a. 传统的；最优秀的 n. 名著；classical a. 古典的；经典的；classically adv. 古典地 英文：She loves classic novels. He enjoys classical music. She dressed classically. 中文：她喜欢经典名著。他欣赏古典音乐。她穿得很古典。 3. system n. 体系；制度；系统；systematic a. 系统的；有条理的；systematically adv. 系统地 英文：They built a new system. His work is very systematic. He works systematically. 中文：他们建立了一个新系统。他的工作很有条理。他系统地工作。 4. base n. 底部；根据 vt. 以…为据点；based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；basic a. 基本的 英文：The lamp has a wide base. The story is based on truth. She learned basic English. 中文：这个灯有一个宽底座。这个故事以事实为基础。她学了基础英语。 5. dialect n. 地方话；方言；dialectal a. 方言的；地方的 英文：He speaks a local dialect. They studied dialectal differences. 中文：他说当地方言。他们研究了方言差异。 6. symbol n. 符号；象征；symbolic a. 象征的；符号的；symbolize vt. 象征 英文：The dove is a symbol of peace. The gesture was symbolic. The ring symbolizes love. 中文：鸽子是和平的象征。这个手势具有象征意义。这枚戒指象征着爱。 7. variety n. (植物、语言等)变体；异体；various a. 各种各样的；vary vi. 变化 英文：This store has a great variety. She has various interests. Prices vary by season. 中文：这家商店种类繁多。她有各种兴趣。价格随季节变化。 8. refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；reference n. 指称关系；参考 英文：Please refer to the map. He made a reference to the book. 中文：请参考地图。他参考了那本书。 9. regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；regarding prep. 关于；regardless a./adv. 不顾一切的（地） 英文：He has high regard for her. Regarding your question, I will answer now. They continued regardless. 中文：他对她十分尊重。关于你的问题，我现在回答。他们不顾一切地继续。 10. major a. 主要的；重要的 n. 主修课；majority n. 大多数 英文: This is a major problem. Her major is biology. The majority agreed. 中文: 这是一个主要问题。她的主修是生物。大多数同意了。 11. description n. 描写(文字)；形容；describe vt. 描述；形容；descriptive a. 描述的 英文: She gave a clear description. Can you describe the man? He wrote a descriptive essay. 中文: 她给出了清晰的描述。你能描述一下那个男人吗？他写了一篇描述性的文章。 12. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激 vi. 增值；appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；appreciative a. 感激的 英文: I appreciate your help. She showed her appreciation. He was appreciative. 中文: 我感谢你的帮助。她表示了感激。他很感激。 13. global adj. 全球的；全世界的；globe n. 地球；世界；globalize v. 使全球化 英文: Pollution is a global problem. We live on a beautiful globe. Businesses try to globalize. 中文: 污染是一个全球性问题。我们生活在一个美丽的地球上。企业试图全球化。 14. struggle n.&vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；struggling a. 奋斗的；挣扎的 英文: He struggled to succeed. The struggle was long. She is a struggling artist. 中文: 他努力争取成功。斗争是漫长的。她是一名挣扎中的艺术家。 15. relate vt. 联系；讲述；relation n. 关系；关联；relative n. 亲戚 a. 相对的 英文: The two ideas relate. Their business relation is good. She visited a relative. 中文: 这两个想法有关联。他们的业务关系很好。她拜访了一位亲戚。 16. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；demanding a. 要求高的；苛求的 英文: There is a high demand. They demand an answer. She has a demanding job. 中文: 需求量很大。他们要求一个答案。她有一份要求很高的工作。 17. equal n. 同等人；相等物 a. 相同的；equality n. 平等；equalize vt. 使平等 英文: All people are equal. They fight for equality. The game was equalized. 中文: 所有人都是平等的。他们为平等而战。比赛被扳平了。 18. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的；specify vt. 明确说明；指定；specification n. 规格；详述 英文: She gave specific instructions. Please specify your needs. Read the product specifications. 中文: 她给出了具体的指示。请明确说明你的需求。阅读产品规格。 二、重点短语： 1.说本族言的人 a native speaker 2.对…采取积极的态度 take a positive/negative attitude towards/to… 3.指的是；查阅；提到 refer to… 4.尽管…这一事实despite the fact that 从句 5.浮沉；兴衰；荣辱ups and downs 6.以…为基础，为根据 be based on… 7.追溯到… date back (to ...) 8.成为…的象征 become a symbol of… 9.将符号刻在骨头和贝壳上 carve symbols on the bones and shells 10.商朝 the Shang Dynasty 11.各种各样 a variety of…/ varieties of… 12.主修；专门研究…major in… 13.不论…；不管… no matter where, who, what… 14.沟通手段/交通工具a means of communication/transport 用这个方法 by this means 15.被视为….; 被看成… be regarded as… 关于；有关… with regard to…/ regarding… 16.汉字 Chinese characters 17.学习中国书法 learn Chinese calligraphy 18.全球事务 global affairs 19.如果你能…我将感激不尽 I’d appreciate it if you could… 20.奋力做某事 struggle to do sth 努力争取… struggle for… 21. 依某人看来 from one’s point of view in one’s opinion/ view as far as one is concerned 22. 在上/本/下学期 last/this/next semester 23.恳求某人做… beg sb to do sth 24.等于；胜任 be equal to… 25.消除(…与…之间的)差距 bridge the gap (between… and …) 26.要求做某事 demand to do sth …demand that从句(should) do 27.增加你的词汇量increase your vocabulary 28.对…作详细的/简要说明give a full/brief description of… 29.与…有关; 涉及relate to… 30.与说母语者交流 communicate with native speakers 三、词形转化： 1. reference n．指称关系；参考→ refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于 2. based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以···为据点;以···为基础n.底部;根据→basic adj.基本的;基础的→basically adv.基本上，根本上，本质上→basis n.基础；基准 3．variety n．异体；多样化→ vary v．变化；不同→ various adj.各种各样的 4．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→majority n．大多数 →【反】_minor adj. 少数的→ minority n. 少数民族；少数派 5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→ globe n．地球；地球仪 6．appreciate_ vt.欣赏；感激；领会→ appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的 7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→ beggar n．乞丐 8. equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→ equally adv.平等地→ equality n．平等 9． demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→ demanding adj.要求高的 10．describe v．描写(文字)；形容→ description n.描述→descriptive adj.描述性的 11. relate v.联系;讲述→related adj.有关的(=linked=relevant);有联系的→ relationship n.关系→ relative n.亲戚adj.相对的→relativity n.相对性 12. symbol n. 象征，符号 → symbolise/-ize vt. 象征→ symbolism n. 象征手法；象征主义 → symbolic adj.象征性的 13.system n. 系统 →systematic adj. 系统的 14. character n. 文字，角色，品质 → characteristic n.特征，特点，特色 adj.独特的，典型的 15. struggle v.&n. 奋斗，努力；搏斗→ struggling adj.艰难奋斗的，苦苦挣扎的 16.regard n.关注；尊重；问候【常用复数】vt. 注视，打量；把……看作/视为→ regarding_ prep.关于 17.classic_ adj经典的;n. 经典作品；名著→ classical adj.古典的→_classify_vt.把...分类 18.specific adj.特定的;详细的→specifically adv.特定地→_special adj.特别的n.特色菜;特价商品 19．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→generously adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地→generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 20．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的→cruelly adv.残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷 核心词汇精讲 考点1. refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 Pronouns(it，they，she，etc. ) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier. 代词 (它、他们、她等)指的是先前提到的某物或某人。 用法归纳 refer to. . . 　as   . . . 把……称为…… 词汇拓展 reference n. 说到(或写到)的事；参考 reference book参考书 特别提醒 refer to 和look up都有“查阅”的意思，但是refer to后跟查阅的工具作宾语，look up后跟查阅的内容作宾语。 refer to a dictionary查字典 look up the word查单词 【经典练】 My English teacher always referred to me as “that clever boy”. 我的英语老师总是称我为“那个聪明的男孩儿”。 If you don't know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知道这个词的确切意思，你可以查词典。 Her eyes were filled with tears when she referred to the sad past. 当她提到悲伤的过去时，她的眼睛里充满了泪水。 考点2. based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture-based language. 最初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。 用法归纳 (be) based 　on    . . . 以……为基础 词汇拓展 ①base vt. 以……为据点；把(总部等)设在…… n. 底部；根据；基础 base A on B A以B为根据/基础 base. . . in. . . 以……为据点；把(总部等)设在…… •You should base your conclusion on careful research instead of personal experience. 你的结论应该基于仔细的研究，而不是个人经验。 ②basis n. 基础；准则；方式；原因 on the basis of. . . 在……的基础上；因为…… •Differences and problems among countries need to be handled on the basis of equality and mutual respect. 各国之间的分歧和问题需要在平等和相互尊重的基础上处理。 ③basic adj. 基本的；基础的 ④basically adv. 基本上 【经典练】 Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. 主动的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。 考点3. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 . . . leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. ……导致产生了许多种方言和文字。 用法归纳 ①a variety of=varieties of　各种各样的，不同种类的    ②the variety of. . . 　……的多样性    特别提醒 ①“a variety of+复数名词”作主语，表示“各种各样的……”，谓语动词常用复数形式，有 时也用单数形式。“varieties of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 ②varieties of前面可加修饰词，如many varieties of、ten varieties of。 ③“the variety of+复数名词”作主语，表示“……的多样性”，谓语动词用单数形式。 词汇拓展 ①various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的 •We have overcome various difficulties and made great achievements in recent years. 近几年我们克服了各种各样的困难，取得了伟大的成就。 ②vary v. 改变；变化；相异 vary between A and B在A和B之间变化 vary from A to B在A到B之间变化 vary with. . . 随……变化 vary in. . . 在……方面不同 【经典练】 All languages change over time and vary from place to place. 所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化，并且因地而异。 The variety of the activities in the club is amazing. 俱乐部里活动的多样性让人惊讶。 We are excited to hear that a variety of/varieties of activities are going to be held in our school. 听说我们学校将举办各种各样的活动，我们很兴奋。(写作—学校生活) 考点4. major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 主修课程;专业;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. . . 秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国，使它们形成了一个统一的国家…… 用法归纳 major　in    . . . 主修…… 词汇拓展 majority n. 大部分；大多数 the majority of. . . 大多数…… in a/the majority占大多数 •When it comes to education，the majority of people believe that it is of great importance. 说到教育，大部分人认为它很重要。 特别提醒 ①“the majority of+复数名词/集合名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。 ②当the majority单独使用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调众多的个体，谓语动词用复数。 【经典练】 Many students major in martial arts in Chengdu. This major can help spread Chinese culture. 在成都许多学生主修武术。这个专业能帮助传播中国文化。 考点5. means n. 方式；方法；途径 Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 书面汉语也已成为一种连接中国的现在与过去的重要手段。 用法归纳 ①a means of (doing). . . (做)……的方式 ②by means　of  . . . 依靠……方法；借助……手段 ③by 　no    means绝不，一点也不 ④by all means可以，当然行，没问题 特别提醒 ①means为单复数同形的单词，其复数形式为means。作主语时，被every、 each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式；被all、 several、 many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ②by no means置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 【经典练】 By no means can we damage the environment to develop the economy. 我们绝不能为了发展经济而破坏环境。 Nowadays many people travel across China by means of high-speed trains. 现在许多人乘高铁在中国旅行。 Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution. . . 塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源……  考点6. regard n. 尊重；关注；[pl. ]问候(用于信函结尾) vt. 把……视为；看待 The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form. . . 中国人对汉字书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式……  用法归纳 名①　in/with    regard to关于；至于 ②have high/great regard for. . . 非常尊敬/敬佩…… ③give sb. one's regards代某人向某人问候(用于信函结尾) 动④regard sb. /sth. 　as   . . . 认为某人/某物是…… ⑤as regards sb. /sth. 关于/至于某人/某物 【经典练】 In/With regard to the matter you mentioned in your letter，my suggestion is having a healthy diet. 关于你在信中提到的问题，我的建议是要有健康的饮食。 I treasure the friendship very much，and I regard the friendship as part of my life. 我非常珍惜这份友谊，并且我认为这份友谊是我生活的一部分。 考点7. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值 . . . an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. ……越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。 用法归纳 ①appreciate(+n. /pron. /one's+)　doing  sth. 感激(某物/某人)做某事 ②I would appreciate 　it   if. . . 假如……，我将不胜感激。 词汇拓展 appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 in appreciation of为感谢…… 【经典练】 I appreciated your helping me during my stay here as an exchange student. 我感激你在我作为交换生在这里停留的时间里给我的帮助。 I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are free in advance. 如果你提前让我知道你是否有空，我将感激不尽。 考点8. struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 When I started studying German，it was a struggle. 当我开始学习德语时，那是困难的事。 用法归纳 ①struggle　with/against    . . . 与……作斗争 ②struggle　to do   sth. 努力做某事；挣扎着做某事 ③struggle　for  . . . 努力争取……；为……而奋斗 ④struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 【经典练】 For several days we struggled with/against the wind and waves. 我们与风浪斗争了好几天。 The workers have struggled for better working conditions for a long time. 工人们已经为更好的工作条件奋斗了很长时间了。 This was the first time I struggled to learn a song. . . 这是我第一次努力学一首歌……  考点9. equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的 v. 与……相等；比得上；等同于 . . . our relationship is close and we're equals. . . ……我们的关系很亲密，我们是同等的人……  用法归纳 名①have　no    equal=be without equal无与伦比，无敌 形②be equal　to    . . . 能胜任……；与……相等 ③be equal in. . . 在……方面相等/相同 动④A equal(s) B A等同于B；A与B相等 词汇拓展 ①equally adv. 平等地；同样地；在相同的程度上 •Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another. 长久友谊的共同特点是双方同样地互相联系和分享。 ②equality n. 均等，平等；相等 ③unequal adj. 不平等的；不相等的；不胜任的 【经典练】 As is known to us all，in spelling she has no equal/is without equal. 众所周知，在拼写方面她无人能及。 I don't think he is equal to this kind of work. 我认为他不能胜任这种工作。 考点10. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问 . . . I must make it a question，not a demand. . . ……我必须把它变成一个问题，而不是一个要求……  用法归纳 名①　in  demand需求大；被需要 ②on demand一经要求 ③meet/satisfy one's demand(s) for. . . 　满足某人对……的需求    动④demand　to do   sth. 强烈要求做某事 ⑤demand+that从句 要求……(从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“　(should+)动词原形  ”。) 词汇拓展 demanding adj. 要求高的；难度大的 Like running，race walking is physically demanding，she says. 她说，像跑步一样，竞走对身体的要求很高。 【经典练】 With the advance in technology，the artificial intelligence(AI) products become in demand. 随着科技的进步，人工智能产品变得很抢手。 More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. 为了满足对清洁能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将会迅速出现。 The police demanded to check their identity cards. 警方坚决要求查看他们的身份证。 The manager demanded that the workers (should) work hard to finish the task ahead of time. 经理要求工人们努力工作以提前完成任务。 考点11. relate vt. 联系；讲述 Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都与主旨有关吗?  用法归纳 ①relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到 ②relate. . . 　to    . . . 把……和……联系起来；向……讲述…… 词汇拓展 ①related adj. 相关的；有(亲属)关系的 •I'm very happy to share something that is related to traditional Chinese culture. 我很高兴分享一些与中国传统文化相关的东西。(写作—中国传统文化) ②relation n. 关系；联系；亲属 in relation to 关于；与……相比 ③relative adj. 相对的，相关联的 n. 亲戚，亲属 ④relatively adv. 相对地 relatively speaking相对而言 【经典练】 He related the facts of the case to journalists. 他给记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。 It is difficult to relate the result to climate. 很难把这个结果和气候联系起来。 考点12. be of+抽象名词 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 那个书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一非常重要。 用法归纳 ①be of+抽象名词=be+　形容词   (常见的这类抽象名词有importance、value、help、use、significance等)。 ②of的后面通常会有great/little/much等词来表示程度。 【经典练】 The new dictionary will be of great value(=be greatly valuable) to my study. 这本新字典对我的学习将会很有用。 考点13. the+比较级. . . ，the+比较级. . . 越……(就)越…… It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow. 这是对大脑的锻炼，我对一门语言了解的越多，我的大脑就会越发达。 用法归纳 ①“the+比较级. . . ，the+比较级. . . ”意为“越……(就)越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，the用在　形容词  或　副词  的比较级前。 ②通常情况下，前一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于主句，在表示将来意义时，相当于从句的部分常用　一般现在时   表示将来。 ③在“the+比较级. . . ，the+比较级. . . ”结构中，有时根据具体语境可以省略一些成分，特别是在谚语、俗语中。通常是省略be动词或主语为it时的主语和谓语。 结构拓展 “比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”；如果是多音节形容词或副词，则用“more and more+形容词或副词原级”。 【经典练】 With the summer coming，the day is becoming longer and longer. 随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。 The harder you work，the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment will be. 参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： Explore the Chinese writing system​① 1.Look at the title and picture below. Predict what the text will be about.（what引导的宾语从句） 【答案】The text may be about the Chinese writing system and its history from ancient times to the present day. 2.Read the text quickly to find the main idea of each paragraph. THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND② THE PRESENT China is widely known for（［对比］be known as...作为……而闻名；被称作……） its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through③into modern times, despite④ the many ups and downs⑤ in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible（关系副词why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，why在从句中作原因状语。）, but one of the main factors⑥ has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language⑦ . It dates back⑧ several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones⑨and shells⑩ on which symbols​⑪were carved⑫ by ancient Chinese people（"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animal bones and shells。）. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty⑬（around 1600 - 1046 BCE）, these symbols had become （"By+过去时间"常与过去完成时had done连用）a well-developed⑭ writing system. Over the years⑮, the system developed into⑯ different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically⑰ , leading to many varieties⑱ of dialects⑲ and characters⑳ .【1】 This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty （221-207 BCE）. Emperor Qinshihuang united㉑ the seven major㉒ states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction㉓ （where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词one unified country，where在从句中作地点状语。）. That writing system was of great importance㉔ （"of+抽象名词"结构作表语）in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak （"no matter +特殊疑问词"引导的让步状语从句，what前省略了no matter。） , they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means㉕ by which China’s present is connected with its past（"介词by+which"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词an important means。）. People in modern times can read the classic works㉖ which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for㉗ the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy㉘ , which has become an important part of Chinese culture.【2】 Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in㉙ global affairs（As意为"随着"，引导时间状语从句。）㉚, an increasing number of㉛ international students are beginning to appreciate㉜ China’s culture and history through this amazing language（介词短语作方式状语）. 二、课文研习： 1）课文翻译 汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。 汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人在这些动物骨头和壳上面刻画符号。这些古代符号中的一些在今天的汉字中仍可看到。到商朝（约公元前1600年—前1046年） 时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝（公元前221年—前207年）秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。 秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家，中国的书写体系在这个国家开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——中国书法。中国书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 2） 重难句式 3） 课文语篇结构 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1．His ________ (专业) is computer science, but he also takes art classes for fun. 2．____________ (尽管) the countless difficulties along the way, she never lost sight of her dream and finally achieved great success. 3．You speak English like a _________ (本国的) speaker. 4．Please give a ________ (具体的) time so I can arrange my schedule. 5．Lack of money is one of the ________ (因素) leading to their failure. 6．He learned to ________ (雕刻) a beautiful bird from a piece of wood. 7．For many artists, digital art has become a preferred ________ (手段) for expressing their creative ideas. 8．The director decided to add a humorous ________ (角色) to the film to balance its serious and tense plot. 9．Soon I began to read ________ (经典的) books in Latin. 10．Your positive ______ (态度) towards learning will help you succeed. 二、课文语法填空 China's ancient civilisation has continued into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.One of the main factors 1. (be) the Chinese writing system. 2． (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu, written Chinese was a picturebased language.At that time, people carved some 3. ______(symbol) on animal bones and shells.By the Shang Dynasty, it had been already a 4. (high) developed system.Later, there was a time 5. the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.Chinese writing system was fixed from the Qin Dynasty, when Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. The writing system is not only of great 6. ________(important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture, but also an important means 7. which China's present is connected with its past.Today, we can read the classic works which 8. (write) by Chinese in ancient times.Now, Chinese calligraphy, as 9. art form, has become an important part of Chinese culture. With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10. (appreciate) China's culture and history. 三、完成句子 1．我们生活的时代充满了机遇和挑战。 The time ________ ________ ________ is full of chances and challenges. 2．追溯到1933年，长春的南湖公园位于长春的西南部。 ________ ________ ________ 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. 3．无论发生什么，我都会支持你。 ________ ________ ________ happens, I will support you. 4．如果你能及时回复，我将不胜感激。 I would ________ ________ ________ you could reply in time. 5．每一段友谊都有起起落落，但是真正的友谊总能找到办法和好如初。 Every friendship has its ________ ________ ________, but true friends always find a way to make up. 6．我们应该培养对学习的正确态度。 We should develop a correct ________ ________ study. 7．离开(祖国)多年后，她终于回到了家乡。 After leaving her __________ __________ for many years, she finally returned to her hometown. 8．尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。 Young as he was, John ________________________ the important task. 9．不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。 Please don’t hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you ________________________. 10．As a matter of fact, ________ a student is encouraged, ________he will learn. 事实上，一个学生越受鼓励，他越努力学习。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新人教版必修一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World (单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 一、重点单词 1. carve vt.&vi. 雕刻；carving n. 雕刻术；雕刻品；carved adj. 雕刻的 英文：He can carve wood. She learned carving. The box has a carved design. 中文：他会雕刻木头。她学习了雕刻术。这个盒子上有雕刻的图案。 2. classic a. 传统的；最优秀的 n. 名著；classical a. 古典的；经典的；classically adv. 古典地 英文：She loves classic novels. He enjoys classical music. She dressed classically. 中文：她喜欢经典名著。他欣赏古典音乐。她穿得很古典。 3. system n. 体系；制度；系统；systematic a. 系统的；有条理的；systematically adv. 系统地 英文：They built a new system. His work is very systematic. He works systematically. 中文：他们建立了一个新系统。他的工作很有条理。他系统地工作。 4. base n. 底部；根据 vt. 以…为据点；based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；basic a. 基本的 英文：The lamp has a wide base. The story is based on truth. She learned basic English. 中文：这个灯有一个宽底座。这个故事以事实为基础。她学了基础英语。 5. dialect n. 地方话；方言；dialectal a. 方言的；地方的 英文：He speaks a local dialect. They studied dialectal differences. 中文：他说当地方言。他们研究了方言差异。 6. symbol n. 符号；象征；symbolic a. 象征的；符号的；symbolize vt. 象征 英文：The dove is a symbol of peace. The gesture was symbolic. The ring symbolizes love. 中文：鸽子是和平的象征。这个手势具有象征意义。这枚戒指象征着爱。 7. variety n. (植物、语言等)变体；异体；various a. 各种各样的；vary vi. 变化 英文：This store has a great variety. She has various interests. Prices vary by season. 中文：这家商店种类繁多。她有各种兴趣。价格随季节变化。 8. refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；reference n. 指称关系；参考 英文：Please refer to the map. He made a reference to the book. 中文：请参考地图。他参考了那本书。 9. regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；regarding prep. 关于；regardless a./adv. 不顾一切的（地） 英文：He has high regard for her. Regarding your question, I will answer now. They continued regardless. 中文：他对她十分尊重。关于你的问题，我现在回答。他们不顾一切地继续。 10. major a. 主要的；重要的 n. 主修课；majority n. 大多数 英文: This is a major problem. Her major is biology. The majority agreed. 中文: 这是一个主要问题。她的主修是生物。大多数同意了。 11. description n. 描写(文字)；形容；describe vt. 描述；形容；descriptive a. 描述的 英文: She gave a clear description. Can you describe the man? He wrote a descriptive essay. 中文: 她给出了清晰的描述。你能描述一下那个男人吗？他写了一篇描述性的文章。 12. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激 vi. 增值；appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；appreciative a. 感激的 英文: I appreciate your help. She showed her appreciation. He was appreciative. 中文: 我感谢你的帮助。她表示了感激。他很感激。 13. global adj. 全球的；全世界的；globe n. 地球；世界；globalize v. 使全球化 英文: Pollution is a global problem. We live on a beautiful globe. Businesses try to globalize. 中文: 污染是一个全球性问题。我们生活在一个美丽的地球上。企业试图全球化。 14. struggle n.&vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；struggling a. 奋斗的；挣扎的 英文: He struggled to succeed. The struggle was long. She is a struggling artist. 中文: 他努力争取成功。斗争是漫长的。她是一名挣扎中的艺术家。 15. relate vt. 联系；讲述；relation n. 关系；关联；relative n. 亲戚 a. 相对的 英文: The two ideas relate. Their business relation is good. She visited a relative. 中文: 这两个想法有关联。他们的业务关系很好。她拜访了一位亲戚。 16. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；demanding a. 要求高的；苛求的 英文: There is a high demand. They demand an answer. She has a demanding job. 中文: 需求量很大。他们要求一个答案。她有一份要求很高的工作。 17. equal n. 同等人；相等物 a. 相同的；equality n. 平等；equalize vt. 使平等 英文: All people are equal. They fight for equality. The game was equalized. 中文: 所有人都是平等的。他们为平等而战。比赛被扳平了。 18. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的；specify vt. 明确说明；指定；specification n. 规格；详述 英文: She gave specific instructions. Please specify your needs. Read the product specifications. 中文: 她给出了具体的指示。请明确说明你的需求。阅读产品规格。 二、重点短语： 1.说本族言的人 a native speaker 2.对…采取积极的态度 take a positive/negative attitude towards/to… 3.指的是；查阅；提到 refer to… 4.尽管…这一事实despite the fact that 从句 5.浮沉；兴衰；荣辱ups and downs 6.以…为基础，为根据 be based on… 7.追溯到… date back (to ...) 8.成为…的象征 become a symbol of… 9.将符号刻在骨头和贝壳上 carve symbols on the bones and shells 10.商朝 the Shang Dynasty 11.各种各样 a variety of…/ varieties of… 12.主修；专门研究…major in… 13.不论…；不管… no matter where, who, what… 14.沟通手段/交通工具a means of communication/transport 用这个方法 by this means 15.被视为….; 被看成… be regarded as… 关于；有关… with regard to…/ regarding… 16.汉字 Chinese characters 17.学习中国书法 learn Chinese calligraphy 18.全球事务 global affairs 19.如果你能…我将感激不尽 I’d appreciate it if you could… 20.奋力做某事 struggle to do sth 努力争取… struggle for… 21. 依某人看来 from one’s point of view in one’s opinion/ view as far as one is concerned 22. 在上/本/下学期 last/this/next semester 23.恳求某人做… beg sb to do sth 24.等于；胜任 be equal to… 25.消除(…与…之间的)差距 bridge the gap (between… and …) 26.要求做某事 demand to do sth …demand that从句(should) do 27.增加你的词汇量increase your vocabulary 28.对…作详细的/简要说明give a full/brief description of… 29.与…有关; 涉及relate to… 30.与说母语者交流 communicate with native speakers 三、词形转化： 1. reference n．指称关系；参考→ refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于 2. based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以···为据点;以···为基础n.底部;根据→basic adj.基本的;基础的→basically adv.基本上，根本上，本质上→basis n.基础；基准 3．variety n．异体；多样化→ vary v．变化；不同→ various adj.各种各样的 4．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→majority n．大多数 →【反】_minor adj. 少数的→ minority n. 少数民族；少数派 5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→ globe n．地球；地球仪 6．appreciate_ vt.欣赏；感激；领会→ appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的 7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→ beggar n．乞丐 8. equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→ equally adv.平等地→ equality n．平等 9． demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→ demanding adj.要求高的 10．describe v．描写(文字)；形容→ description n.描述→descriptive adj.描述性的 11. relate v.联系;讲述→related adj.有关的(=linked=relevant);有联系的→ relationship n.关系→ relative n.亲戚adj.相对的→relativity n.相对性 12. symbol n. 象征，符号 → symbolise/-ize vt. 象征→ symbolism n. 象征手法；象征主义 → symbolic adj.象征性的 13.system n. 系统 →systematic adj. 系统的 14. character n. 文字，角色，品质 → characteristic n.特征，特点，特色 adj.独特的，典型的 15. struggle v.&n. 奋斗，努力；搏斗→ struggling adj.艰难奋斗的，苦苦挣扎的 16.regard n.关注；尊重；问候【常用复数】vt. 注视，打量；把……看作/视为→ regarding_ prep.关于 17.classic_ adj经典的;n. 经典作品；名著→ classical adj.古典的→_classify_vt.把...分类 18.specific adj.特定的;详细的→specifically adv.特定地→_special adj.特别的n.特色菜;特价商品 19．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→generously adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地→generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 20．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的→cruelly adv.残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷 核心词汇精讲 考点1. refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 Pronouns(it，they，she，etc. ) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier. 代词 (它、他们、她等)指的是先前提到的某物或某人。 用法归纳 refer to. . . 　as   . . . 把……称为…… 词汇拓展 reference n. 说到(或写到)的事；参考 reference book参考书 特别提醒 refer to 和look up都有“查阅”的意思，但是refer to后跟查阅的工具作宾语，look up后跟查阅的内容作宾语。 refer to a dictionary查字典 look up the word查单词 【经典练】 My English teacher always referred to me as “that clever boy”. 我的英语老师总是称我为“那个聪明的男孩儿”。 If you don't know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知道这个词的确切意思，你可以查词典。 Her eyes were filled with tears when she referred to the sad past. 当她提到悲伤的过去时，她的眼睛里充满了泪水。 考点2. based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture-based language. 最初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。 用法归纳 (be) based 　on    . . . 以……为基础 词汇拓展 ①base vt. 以……为据点；把(总部等)设在…… n. 底部；根据；基础 base A on B A以B为根据/基础 base. . . in. . . 以……为据点；把(总部等)设在…… •You should base your conclusion on careful research instead of personal experience. 你的结论应该基于仔细的研究，而不是个人经验。 ②basis n. 基础；准则；方式；原因 on the basis of. . . 在……的基础上；因为…… •Differences and problems among countries need to be handled on the basis of equality and mutual respect. 各国之间的分歧和问题需要在平等和相互尊重的基础上处理。 ③basic adj. 基本的；基础的 ④basically adv. 基本上 【经典练】 Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. 主动的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。 考点3. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 . . . leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. ……导致产生了许多种方言和文字。 用法归纳 ①a variety of=varieties of　各种各样的，不同种类的    ②the variety of. . . 　 ……的多样性    特别提醒 ①“a variety of+复数名词”作主语，表示“各种各样的……”，谓语动词常用复数形式，有 时也用单数形式。“varieties of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 ②varieties of前面可加修饰词，如many varieties of、ten varieties of。 ③“the variety of+复数名词”作主语，表示“……的多样性”，谓语动词用单数形式。 词汇拓展 ①various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的 •We have overcome various difficulties and made great achievements in recent years. 近几年我们克服了各种各样的困难，取得了伟大的成就。 ②vary v. 改变；变化；相异 vary between A and B在A和B之间变化 vary from A to B在A到B之间变化 vary with. . . 随……变化 vary in. . . 在……方面不同 【经典练】 All languages change over time and vary from place to place. 所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化，并且因地而异。 The variety of the activities in the club is amazing. 俱乐部里活动的多样性让人惊讶。 We are excited to hear that a variety of/varieties of activities are going to be held in our school. 听说我们学校将举办各种各样的活动，我们很兴奋。(写作—学校生活) 考点4. major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 主修课程;专业;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. . . 秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国，使它们形成了一个统一的国家…… 用法归纳 major　in    . . . 主修…… 词汇拓展 majority n. 大部分；大多数 the majority of. . . 大多数…… in a/the majority占大多数 •When it comes to education，the majority of people believe that it is of great importance. 说到教育，大部分人认为它很重要。 特别提醒 ①“the majority of+复数名词/集合名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。 ②当the majority单独使用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调众多的个体，谓语动词用复数。 【经典练】 Many students major in martial arts in Chengdu. This major can help spread Chinese culture. 在成都许多学生主修武术。这个专业能帮助传播中国文化。 考点5. means n. 方式；方法；途径 Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 书面汉语也已成为一种连接中国的现在与过去的重要手段。 用法归纳 ①a means of (doing). . . (做)……的方式 ②by means　of  . . . 依靠……方法；借助……手段 ③by 　no    means绝不，一点也不 ④by all means可以，当然行，没问题 特别提醒 ①means为单复数同形的单词，其复数形式为means。作主语时，被every、 each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式；被all、 several、 many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ②by no means置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 【经典练】 By no means can we damage the environment to develop the economy. 我们绝不能为了发展经济而破坏环境。 Nowadays many people travel across China by means of high-speed trains. 现在许多人乘高铁在中国旅行。 Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution. . . 塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源……  考点6. regard n. 尊重；关注；[pl. ]问候(用于信函结尾) vt. 把……视为；看待 The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form. . . 中国人对汉字书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式……  用法归纳 名①　in/with    regard to关于；至于 ②have high/great regard for. . . 非常尊敬/敬佩…… ③give sb. one's regards代某人向某人问候(用于信函结尾) 动④regard sb. /sth. 　as   . . . 认为某人/某物是…… ⑤as regards sb. /sth. 关于/至于某人/某物 【经典练】 In/With regard to the matter you mentioned in your letter，my suggestion is having a healthy diet. 关于你在信中提到的问题，我的建议是要有健康的饮食。 I treasure the friendship very much，and I regard the friendship as part of my life. 我非常珍惜这份友谊，并且我认为这份友谊是我生活的一部分。 考点7. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值 . . . an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. ……越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。 用法归纳 ①appreciate(+n. /pron. /one's+)　doing  sth. 感激(某物/某人)做某事 ②I would appreciate 　it   if. . . 假如……，我将不胜感激。 词汇拓展 appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 in appreciation of为感谢…… 【经典练】 I appreciated your helping me during my stay here as an exchange student. 我感激你在我作为交换生在这里停留的时间里给我的帮助。 I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are free in advance. 如果你提前让我知道你是否有空，我将感激不尽。 考点8. struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 When I started studying German，it was a struggle. 当我开始学习德语时，那是困难的事。 用法归纳 ①struggle　with/against    . . . 与……作斗争 ②struggle　to do   sth. 努力做某事；挣扎着做某事 ③struggle　for  . . . 努力争取……；为……而奋斗 ④struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 【经典练】 For several days we struggled with/against the wind and waves. 我们与风浪斗争了好几天。 The workers have struggled for better working conditions for a long time. 工人们已经为更好的工作条件奋斗了很长时间了。 This was the first time I struggled to learn a song. . . 这是我第一次努力学一首歌……  考点9. equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的 v. 与……相等；比得上；等同于 . . . our relationship is close and we're equals. . . ……我们的关系很亲密，我们是同等的人……  用法归纳 名①have　no    equal=be without equal无与伦比，无敌 形②be equal　to    . . . 能胜任……；与……相等 ③be equal in. . . 在……方面相等/相同 动④A equal(s) B A等同于B；A与B相等 词汇拓展 ①equally adv. 平等地；同样地；在相同的程度上 •Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another. 长久友谊的共同特点是双方同样地互相联系和分享。 ②equality n. 均等，平等；相等 ③unequal adj. 不平等的；不相等的；不胜任的 【经典练】 As is known to us all，in spelling she has no equal/is without equal. 众所周知，在拼写方面她无人能及。 I don't think he is equal to this kind of work. 我认为他不能胜任这种工作。 考点10. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问 . . . I must make it a question，not a demand. . . ……我必须把它变成一个问题，而不是一个要求……  用法归纳 名①　in  demand需求大；被需要 ②on demand一经要求 ③meet/satisfy one's demand(s) for. . . 　满足某人对……的需求    动④demand　to do   sth. 强烈要求做某事 ⑤demand+that从句 要求……(从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“　(should+)动词原形  ”。) 词汇拓展 demanding adj. 要求高的；难度大的 Like running，race walking is physically demanding，she says. 她说，像跑步一样，竞走对身体的要求很高。 【经典练】 With the advance in technology，the artificial intelligence(AI) products become in demand. 随着科技的进步，人工智能产品变得很抢手。 More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. 为了满足对清洁能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将会迅速出现。 The police demanded to check their identity cards. 警方坚决要求查看他们的身份证。 The manager demanded that the workers (should) work hard to finish the task ahead of time. 经理要求工人们努力工作以提前完成任务。 考点11. relate vt. 联系；讲述 Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都与主旨有关吗?  用法归纳 ①relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到 ②relate. . . 　to    . . . 把……和……联系起来；向……讲述…… 词汇拓展 ①related adj. 相关的；有(亲属)关系的 •I'm very happy to share something that is related to traditional Chinese culture. 我很高兴分享一些与中国传统文化相关的东西。(写作—中国传统文化) ②relation n. 关系；联系；亲属 in relation to 关于；与……相比 ③relative adj. 相对的，相关联的 n. 亲戚，亲属 ④relatively adv. 相对地 relatively speaking相对而言 【经典练】 He related the facts of the case to journalists. 他给记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。 It is difficult to relate the result to climate. 很难把这个结果和气候联系起来。 考点12. be of+抽象名词 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 那个书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一非常重要。 用法归纳 ①be of+抽象名词=be+　形容词   (常见的这类抽象名词有importance、value、help、use、significance等)。 ②of的后面通常会有great/little/much等词来表示程度。 【经典练】 The new dictionary will be of great value(=be greatly valuable) to my study. 这本新字典对我的学习将会很有用。 考点13. the+比较级. . . ，the+比较级. . . 越……(就)越…… It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow. 这是对大脑的锻炼，我对一门语言了解的越多，我的大脑就会越发达。 用法归纳 ①“the+比较级. . . ，the+比较级. . . ”意为“越……(就)越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，the用在　形容词  或　副词  的比较级前。 ②通常情况下，前一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the+比较级. . . ”相当于主句，在表示将来意义时，相当于从句的部分常用　一般现在时   表示将来。 ③在“the+比较级. . . ，the+比较级. . . ”结构中，有时根据具体语境可以省略一些成分，特别是在谚语、俗语中。通常是省略be动词或主语为it时的主语和谓语。 结构拓展 “比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”；如果是多音节形容词或副词，则用“more and more+形容词或副词原级”。 【经典练】 With the summer coming，the day is becoming longer and longer. 随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。 The harder you work，the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment will be. 参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： Explore the Chinese writing system​① 1.Look at the title and picture below. Predict what the text will be about.（what引导的宾语从句） 【答案】The text may be about the Chinese writing system and its history from ancient times to the present day. 2.Read the text quickly to find the main idea of each paragraph. THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND② THE PRESENT China is widely known for（［对比］be known as...作为……而闻名；被称作……） its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through③into modern times, despite④ the many ups and downs⑤ in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible（关系副词why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，why在从句中作原因状语。）, but one of the main factors⑥ has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language⑦ . It dates back⑧ several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones⑨and shells⑩ on which symbols​⑪were carved⑫ by ancient Chinese people（"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animal bones and shells。）. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty⑬（around 1600 - 1046 BCE）, these symbols had become （"By+过去时间"常与过去完成时had done连用）a well-developed⑭ writing system. Over the years⑮, the system developed into⑯ different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically⑰ , leading to many varieties⑱ of dialects⑲ and characters⑳ .【1】 This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty （221-207 BCE）. Emperor Qinshihuang united㉑ the seven major㉒ states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction㉓ （where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词one unified country，where在从句中作地点状语。）. That writing system was of great importance㉔ （"of+抽象名词"结构作表语）in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak （"no matter +特殊疑问词"引导的让步状语从句，what前省略了no matter。） , they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means㉕ by which China’s present is connected with its past（"介词by+which"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词an important means。）. People in modern times can read the classic works㉖ which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for㉗ the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy㉘ , which has become an important part of Chinese culture.【2】 Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in㉙ global affairs（As意为"随着"，引导时间状语从句。）㉚, an increasing number of㉛ international students are beginning to appreciate㉜ China’s culture and history through this amazing language（介词短语作方式状语）. 二、课文研习： 1）课文翻译 汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。 汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人在这些动物骨头和壳上面刻画符号。这些古代符号中的一些在今天的汉字中仍可看到。到商朝（约公元前1600年—前1046年） 时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝（公元前221年—前207年）秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。 秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家，中国的书写体系在这个国家开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——中国书法。中国书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 2） 重难句式 3） 课文语篇结构 【答案】1.The Chinese writing system 2.beginning and development 3.many varieties of dialects and characters 4.uniting the Chinese people and culture 5.an art form 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1．His ________ (专业) is computer science, but he also takes art classes for fun. 【答案】major 【详解】句意：他的专业是计算机科学，但他也为了乐趣选修了艺术课。“专业”名词是major，由前面的形容词性物主代词His可知，空格处需要用名词形式，且根据后面的is可知用单数形式。 2．____________ (尽管) the countless difficulties along the way, she never lost sight of her dream and finally achieved great success. 【答案】Despite 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管一路上有无数的困难，她从未忘记自己的梦想，最终取得了巨大的成功。根据汉语提示“尽管”，且空后接的是名词短语the countless difficulties，可知此处用介词despite，且位于句首首字母大写。故填Despite。 3．You speak English like a _________ (本国的) speaker. 【答案】native 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你说英语就像母语者一样。根据汉语提示“本国的”可知，此处为形容词native，作前置定语，修饰名词speaker。故填native。 4．Please give a ________ (具体的) time so I can arrange my schedule. 【答案】specific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：请给一个具体的时间，这样我就可以安排我的日程了。根据汉语提示“具体的”可知，本空用形容词specific，修饰名词time，作前置定语。故填specific。 5．Lack of money is one of the ________ (因素) leading to their failure. 【答案】factors 【详解】考查名词。句意：资金短缺是导致他们失败的因素之一。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“因素”应用名词factor；又因固定结构one of + 可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，因此填复数形式factors。故填factors。 6．He learned to ________ (雕刻) a beautiful bird from a piece of wood. 【答案】carve 【详解】考查动词。句意：他学会了用一块木头雕刻出一只漂亮的鸟。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“雕刻”应用动词carve；learn to do sth为固定搭配，意为“学会做某事”，空处需填动词原形。故填carve。 7．For many artists, digital art has become a preferred ________ (手段) for expressing their creative ideas. 【答案】means 【详解】考查名词。句意：对于许多艺术家来说，数字艺术已经成为表达他们创意的首选手段。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用名词means，作表语，此处means为单复数同形的名词。故填means。 8．The director decided to add a humorous ________ (角色) to the film to balance its serious and tense plot. 【答案】character 【详解】考查名词。句意：导演决定在影片中加入一个幽默角色，来平衡其严肃紧张的剧情。空处作动词add的宾语，名词character“角色”符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填character。 9．Soon I began to read ________ (经典的) books in Latin. 【答案】classic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：不久，我开始阅读拉丁文的经典书籍。“经典的”应用形容词classic，作修饰books的定语。故填classic。 10．Your positive ______ (态度) towards learning will help you succeed. 【答案】attitude 【详解】考查名词。句意：你对学习的积极态度会帮助你成功。根据汉语提示“态度”及空前形容词positive，需填可数名词单数attitude作主语。故填attitude。 二、课文语法填空 China's ancient civilisation has continued into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.One of the main factors 1. (be) the Chinese writing system. 2． (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu, written Chinese was a picturebased language.At that time, people carved some 3. ______(symbol) on animal bones and shells.By the Shang Dynasty, it had been already a 4. (high) developed system.Later, there was a time 5. the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.Chinese writing system was fixed from the Qin Dynasty, when Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. The writing system is not only of great 6. ________(important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture, but also an important means 7. which China's present is connected with its past.Today, we can read the classic works which 8. (write) by Chinese in ancient times.Now, Chinese calligraphy, as 9. art form, has become an important part of Chinese culture. With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10. (appreciate) China's culture and history. 语法填空答案 1.is 2. Dating 3. symbols 4. highly 5. when 6. importance 7. by 8. were written 9. an 10. to appreciate 逐题解析（含句子中文释义） 1. 答案：is 解析：主语 One of the main factors（众多主要因素之一）为单数概念，全文主体时态为一般现在时，be 动词用 is。 句意：其中一个主要因素就是汉字书写体系。 2. 答案：Dating 解析：固定搭配 date back to（追溯到），无被动含义，作句首状语需用现在分词 Dating，首字母大写。 句意：汉字可追溯到数千年前甲骨文的使用，它是一种以图画为基础的文字。 3. 答案：symbols 解析：some（一些）后接可数名词复数，symbol（符号）复数形式为 symbols。 句意：那时，人们将一些符号刻在兽骨和龟甲上。 4. 答案：highly 解析：修饰形容词 developed（发达的）需用副词，high 作副词表 “高地”，highly 表 “高度地”，此处用 highly。 句意：到商朝时，它已经成为一套高度成熟的文字体系。 5. 答案：when 解析：定语从句，先行词 a time（一段时期）表时间，从句不缺主宾，用关系副词 when 作时间状语。 句意：后来有一段时期，中国人在地域上四分五裂，催生了众多方言和异体文字。 6. 答案：importance 解析：固定结构 be of + 名词 = be + 形容词；of great importance = very important，important 名词形式为 importance。 句意：这套文字体系不仅对凝聚中华民族、传承中华文化意义重大。 7. 答案：by 解析：定语从句介词 + 关系代词结构，固定搭配 by means of（通过…… 方式），介词提前，故填 by。 句意：也是连接中国当下与历史的重要载体。 8. 答案：were written 解析：which 指代先行词 classic works（经典著作，复数），著作是 “被书写”，用被动语态；in ancient times 为过去时间，一般过去时被动，复数主语用 were written。 句意：如今，我们仍能阅读古人写下的经典典籍。 9. 答案：an 解析：art 以元音音素开头，art form（一种艺术形式）表泛指，不定冠词用 an。 句意：如今，中国书法作为一门艺术，已经成为中华文化的重要组成部分。 10. 答案：to appreciate 解析：不定式作目的状语，留学生学习中文是为了领略中国文化与历史。 句意：随着中国在国际事务中发挥更大作用，越来越多国际留学生开始学习中文，以此领略中国的文化与历史 三、完成句子 1．我们生活的时代充满了机遇和挑战。 The time ________ ________ ________ is full of chances and challenges. 【答案】 when we live 【详解】先行词the time表时间，用when引导定语从句；主语为we；表示“生活”用动词live；从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 2．追溯到1933年，长春的南湖公园位于长春的西南部。 ________ ________ ________ 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city. 【答案】 Dating back to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处意为“追溯到”，表达为date back to，在句中作状语，主语为the South Lake Park in Changchun，与date back to之间为主动关系，首字母大写故应用现在分词Dating back to。 3．无论发生什么，我都会支持你。 ________ ________ ________ happens, I will support you. 【答案】 No matter what 【详解】考查让步状语从句。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为连词no matter what引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么，不管什么”，相当于whatever。从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。句首单词首字母大写。故填No；matter；what。 4．如果你能及时回复，我将不胜感激。 I would ________ ________ ________ you could reply in time. 【答案】 appreciate it if 【详解】考查固定句型。空处涉及固定句型I would appreciate it if...“如果……我将不胜感激”。故填appreciate；it；if。 5．每一段友谊都有起起落落，但是真正的友谊总能找到办法和好如初。 Every friendship has its ________ ________ ________, but true friends always find a way to make up. 【答案】 ups and downs 【详解】考查名词短语。ups and downs是固定搭配，表达为“起起落落，盛衰沉浮” ，在句中作has的宾语。故填ups；and；downs。 6．我们应该培养对学习的正确态度。 We should develop a correct ________ ________ study. 【答案】 attitude to/towards 【详解】考查固定短语。中英文句子对比可知，此处表示“对……的态度”，为固定短语attitude to/towards，形容词correct修饰名词attitude。故填①attitude；②to/towards。 7．离开(祖国)多年后，她终于回到了家乡。 After leaving her __________ __________ for many years, she finally returned to her hometown. 【答案】 native country 【详解】考查名词短语。结合句意“祖国”可知短语为native country。故填native country。 8．尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。 Young as he was, John ________________________ the important task. 【答案】was equal to/was fit for 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“胜任”，应用动词短语be equal to/be fit for。根据上文“Young as he was”可以判断整个句子在讨论过去的事实，因此需要使用一般过去时，主语为John，系动词be应变成was。故填was equal to或was fit for。 9．不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。 Please don’t hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you ________________________. 【答案】have trouble with your study/have trouble in studying/have difficulty in studying 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据中英文提示，设空处表示“学习遇到困难”。have trouble with sth.意为“在某事上有困难”，have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。“学习”可表示为study，可作名词或动词。本句陈述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时。故填have trouble with your study/have trouble in studying/have difficulty in studying。 10．As a matter of fact, ________ a student is encouraged, ________he will learn. 事实上，一个学生越受鼓励，他越努力学习。 【答案】 the more the harder 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意可知，此处为“越……越……”，表达为“the+比较级，the+比较级”，“努力”表达为hard，故填the more，the harder。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $