2026年中考英语宾语从句定语从句突破

2026-07-06
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资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 定语从句
使用场景 中考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 38 KB
发布时间 2026-07-06
更新时间 2026-08-03
作者 xkw_084772424
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-07-06
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58676115.html
价格 1.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦宾语从句与定语从句核心考点,依据中考考查要求构建“三要素口诀-关系代词全梳理-经典易错训练”知识体系。通过考点拆解(如宾语从句引导词分类、定语从句关系词选用)、方法指导(语序判断口诀、时态呼应铁律)、真题训练(40道单选与句型转换题),帮助学生系统突破语法难点,体现复习教学的针对性。 亮点在于创新“口诀套用法”与对比表格教学策略,如用“先行词定关系词”口诀快速锁定关系代词,通过that/which区别表明晰使用禁区,培养学生思维品质与学习能力。40道题分层设计(基础单选与综合句型转换)配合即时反馈,确保学生高效掌握考点,教师可据此精准把控复习节奏,提升应考能力。

内容正文:

中考英语宾语从句定语从句突破 —— 三要素口诀 · 关系代词全梳理 · 40 道经典易错 —— 写在前面:复杂句型,拆开看就简单了 同学,你记着,初中英语里最让你们头疼的不是单词,是长句子。一看到一句话里套着两三个动词,脑子里就嗡的一下。其实啊,长句子不可怕,可怕的是你没把它"拆开"看。宾语从句、定语从句,说白了就是"大句子套小句子",你只要搞清楚"谁修饰谁""谁做谁的成分",再长的句子也能一刀切开。 这份资料我用了十几年的板书经验整理,核心就两块:上篇宾语从句,下篇定语从句。每块都先用一句口诀把核心钉死,再拆开讲要素,最后用 40 道经典易错题练手。同学,你记着,口诀不是用来背的,是用来"套"的——做题时把口诀往题干上一套,答案自己就出来了。 还有一点要提前说:宾语从句和定语从句长得像,但本质不同。宾语从句是"当一个句子做宾语",定语从句是"当一个句子做定语修饰名词"。一个当宾语,一个当定语,位置和功能都不一样。下面我会反复强调这个区别,你做题时也要时刻问自己:"这句到底是宾语从句还是定语从句?"问清楚了,方向才不会错。 上篇 宾语从句:三要素一抓,句子就服 同学,你记着,宾语从句就是"把一个句子当宾语用"。比如 I think (that) he is right——think 后面跟的不是一个词,而是一个完整的句子 he is right,这个句子就是 think 的宾语。宾语从句的考点就三个:引导词、语序、时态。我把它编成一句口诀,你先背下来: 宾语从句三要素,时态语序引导词 这句口诀的意思是:做宾语从句题,先看引导词对不对,再看语序是不是陈述,最后看时态呼不呼应。三步走完,答案必出。下面我一个一个拆开讲。 要素一 引导词:看原句缺什么 宾语从句的引导词分三类,同学,你记着,选哪个引导词,取决于"原来的句子是什么句型": ★ 考点 引导词三分类 原句是陈述句 → 用 that(口语可省);原句是一般疑问句 → 用 if 或 whether;原句是特殊疑问句 → 用原疑问词(what/when/where/who/why/how)。 1. that 引导(原句是陈述句) 当原来的句子是个陈述句,变成宾语从句时前面加 that,that 在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。比如: He says, "I like English." → He says (that) he likes English. 注意:likes 没变成 like,因为从句该用什么时态还用什么,这里是一般现在时三单。 2. if / whether 引导(原句是一般疑问句) 原句是一般疑问句(能回答 yes/no 的),变成宾语从句时用 if 或 whether,且从句要改成陈述语序。比如: "Are you a student?" He asked. → He asked if I was a student. ★ 考点 if 和 whether 的区别 ① whether 后能跟 or not,if 一般不能(正式用语中 whether...or not 更常见);② 介词后只能用 whether,不能用 if(如:It depends on whether he comes);③ 不定式前只能用 whether(如:I don't know whether to go)。中考常考第①②条。 3. 疑问词引导(原句是特殊疑问句) 原句是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句时保留原疑问词(what、when、where、who、why、how 等),但语序必须改成陈述语序。比如: "Where does he live?" I want to know. → I want to know where he lives.(注意:does 没了,lives 保留三单) 要素二 语序:永远是陈述语序 同学,你记着,这是宾语从句最容易丢分的地方。不管原句是陈述句、一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后,统统用陈述语序——也就是"主语 + 谓语"的顺序,绝不能出现助动词 do/does/did 提前。 宾语从句莫忘记,陈述语序要牢记 看几个对比,你就明白了: ❌ I don't know where is he. → ✅ I don't know where he is. ❌ Could you tell me how old are you? → ✅ Could you tell me how old you are? ❌ He asked what did you do yesterday. → ✅ He asked what you did yesterday. ★ 考点 语序口诀 主句在前从句后,从句永远陈述走。疑问词在句首站,主谓顺序不能乱。 要素三 时态:主句时态决定从句时态 宾语从句的时态呼应有两条铁律,同学,你记着,这两条记死了,时态题不丢分: ★ 考点 时态呼应两铁律 ① 主句是现在时或将来时(一般现在、现在完成、一般将来),从句时态按实际情况用(现在、过去、将来都行);② 主句是过去时(一般过去、过去进行、过去完成),从句必须改成相应的过去时态(一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来)。 举例说明第一条:He says (现在时) that he will come tomorrow.(从句用将来时,按实际情况) 举例说明第二条:He said (过去时) that he would come the next day.(从句 will→would,tomorrow→the next day) ★ 考点 客观真理例外 当宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然规律、名言警句时,无论主句是什么时态,从句一律用一般现在时。如:The teacher told us (过去时) that the earth travels (一般现在时) around the sun. 还有个细节:主句是过去时,从句时态要"降一级"——一般现在→一般过去,一般过去→过去完成,一般将来→过去将来。同时,时间状语也要相应变化:now→then, today→that day, tomorrow→the next day, yesterday→the day before, ago→before。 宾语从句 ↔ 简单句:句型转换必考 中考常考一种题型:把宾语从句改成简单句,或者反过来。同学,你记着,核心套路是"疑问词 + to do"。当宾语从句的主语和主句主语(或宾语)是同一个人时,可以把从句简化成"疑问词 + to do"。 例:I don't know what I should do next. → I don't know what to do next. 例:He asked where he could buy the book. → He asked where to buy the book. ★ 考点 转换条件 只有当从句主语和主句主语/宾语一致时,才能用"疑问词+to do"简化。主语不一致时不能简化。如:I don't know what he should do.(不能简化,因为从句主语是 he,不是 I) 下篇 定语从句:关系代词选对,句子就通 同学,你记着,定语从句就是"当一个句子当定语,修饰前面的名词"。被修饰的名词叫先行词,连接主句和从句的词叫关系词。关系词的选用,取决于先行词是人还是物,以及在从句中做什么成分。 先行词定关系词,人用 who 物用 which 这句口诀是定语从句的"总纲":先行词是人,优先用 who(宾格 whom,所有格 whose);先行词是物,用 which;人和物都能用 that。下面我把关系代词逐个拆开讲。 关系代词 that:万能替补,但有禁区 that 是最"百搭"的关系代词,既能指人,也能指物,在从句中做主语或宾语都行。做宾语时可以省略。 例(指物,做主语):The book that is on the desk is mine. 例(指人,做宾语):The man (that) you met yesterday is my teacher. ★ 考点 只能用 that 的情况(中考高频) ① 先行词被最高级修饰(the best book that I have ever read);② 先行词被 the only/the very/the same/just 修饰;③ 先行词是不定代词 all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none 等;④ 先行词既有人又有物(the man and his dog that...);⑤ 主句是以 who/which 开头的特殊疑问句(Who is the man that is standing there?)。 ★ 考点 不能用 that 的情况 ① 介词后不能用 that(This is the house in which I lived. 不能用 that);② 引导非限制性定语从句(逗号后的从句)不能用 that(He failed the exam, which made his mother angry.);③ 先行词本身在从句中做介词宾语且介词前置时。 关系代词 which:专指物,能跟介词 which 只能指物,不能指人,在从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时可省略(限制性定语从句中)。which 最大的优势是能直接跟在介词后面,而 that 不能。 例:This is the book which I bought yesterday. 例(介词后):This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.(= where) 同学,你记着,which 还能引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句——这是 that 做不到的。比如:He failed again, which made his parents sad.(which 指代"他又失败了"这件事) 关系代词 who / whom / whose:专指人 who 在从句中做主语;whom 在从句中做宾语(口语中常省略或用 who 代替);whose 表"……的",做定语,既能指人也能指物。 例(who 做主语):The man who is talking to our teacher is my father. 例(whom 做宾语):The girl (whom) you spoke to is my sister. 例(whose 做定语):I know the boy whose father is a doctor.(指人) 例(whose 指物):Please pass me the book whose cover is red.(= the cover of which) 关系副词 when / where / why:做状语 除了关系代词,还有三个关系副词:when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。它们在从句中做状语,不做主语或宾语。 例:I'll never forget the day when I joined the club.(when = on which,做时间状语) 例:This is the school where I studied.(where = in which,做地点状语) 例:Tell me the reason why you were late.(why = for which,做原因状语) ★ 考点 关系代词 vs 关系副词的判断 看先行词在从句中做什么成分:做主语/宾语 → 用关系代词(that/which/who);做状语 → 用关系副词(when/where/why)。比如 This is the school that/which I visited(visit 是及物动词,school 做宾语,用 that/which);This is the school where I studied(study 是不及物动词,school 做地点状语,用 where)。 关系代词省略规则:能省则省,但有条件 同学,你记着,关系代词不是想省就能省。省略规则如下: ★ 考点 省略规则 ① that/which/who/whom 在从句中做宾语时,可以省略(限制性定语从句);② 做主语时,绝不能省略;③ 介词后的 which/whom 不能省略;④ 非限制性定语从句(有逗号)的关系词一律不能省略。 例(可省):The book (that/which) I bought is interesting.(做宾语,可省) 例(不可省):The book that/which is on the desk is mine.(做主语,不可省) 例(介词后不可省):The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.(介词后 whom 不可省) that 与 which 的区别:一张表搞定 同学,你记着,that 和 which 都能指物,到底用哪个?看下面这张表: 情况 用 that 还是 which 先行词被最高级修饰 只能用 that 先行词是 all/everything/anything/nothing/much/little 只能用 that 先行词被 the only/the very/the same 修饰 只能用 that 先行词既有人又有物 只能用 that 主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句 只能用 that 介词后 只能用 which(不能用 that) 非限制性定语从句(有逗号) 只能用 which(指代整个主句或物) 其他普通情况(指物) that / which 都可 一句话总结:"最高级、不定代词、the only、人+物、疑问词开头"——这五种情况只能用 that;"介词后、逗号后"——这两种情况只能用 which。 其余情况 that 和 which 通用。 实战 40 道经典易错题(单选 + 句型转换) 同学,你记着,下面 40 道题,前 25 道是单项选择,后 15 道是句型转换(含宾语从句改简单句)。每题都附"点拨",告诉你考点在哪、怎么想。答案统一放最后,做完再对。 1. Could you tell me ______? A. where is the post office B. where the post office is C. where was the post office D. where the post office was 【点拨】宾语从句用陈述语序,排除 A、C;Could you 表委婉请求,主句不算过去时,从句按实际情况用现在时,选 B。 2. I don't know ______ he will come or not. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 【点拨】or not 前只能用 whether,不能用 if,选 C。 3. He asked me ______ I had been to Beijing. A. that B. if C. what D. which 【点拨】原句是一般疑问句,主句 asked 是过去时,用 if/whether 引导,选 B。 4. The book ______ you lent me is very interesting. A. that B. who C. what D. whose 【点拨】先行词 book 是物,做 lent 的宾语,用 that/which,选 A。 5. This is the most beautiful park ______ I have ever visited. A. which B. that C. who D. where 【点拨】先行词被最高级修饰,只能用 that,选 B。 6. The man ______ is standing under the tree is my uncle. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 【点拨】先行词 man 是人,在从句做主语,用 who/that,选 C(who 更地道)。 7. I'll never forget the day ______ I joined the army. A. that B. which C. when D. who 【点拨】先行词 day 表时间,从句 joined 缺时间状语,用 when,选 C。 8. He told me that he ______ the film the day before. A. saw B. had seen C. has seen D. sees 【点拨】主句 told 过去时,"前一天"更早 → 过去完成时 had seen,选 B。 9. Everything ______ can be done has been done. A. that B. which C. what D. who 【点拨】先行词是不定代词 everything,只能用 that,选 A。 10. Do you know the girl ______ father is a doctor? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【点拨】先行词 girl 与 father 是所属关系,用 whose,选 C。 11. Could you tell me ______? A. how old is he B. how old he is C. how old was he D. how old he was 【点拨】陈述语序排除 A、C;Could you 表委婉,从句用现在时,选 B。 12. This is the house ______ Lu Xun once lived. A. that B. which C. where D. what 【点拨】先行词 house 表地点,lived 不及物,缺地点状语,用 where,选 C。 13. He failed the exam, ______ made his mother angry. A. that B. which C. what D. who 【点拨】逗号后非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,只能用 which,选 B。 14. I don't know ______ to do next. A. how B. what C. that D. which 【点拨】do 缺宾语,用 what;疑问词+to do 结构,选 B。 15. The teacher asked ______ had broken the window. A. who B. that C. which D. what 【点拨】特殊疑问句变宾语从句,问"谁"用 who,且做主语,选 A。 16. This is the only book ______ I like. A. which B. that C. who D. what 【点拨】先行词被 the only 修饰,只能用 that,选 B。 17. She asked me ______ I would go to the party. A. that B. if C. what D. which 【点拨】原句是一般疑问句,用 if/whether,选 B。 18. The boy to ______ you were talking is my brother. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 【点拨】介词 to 后指人用 whom,不能用 that,选 B。 19. He said that he ______ come the next day. A. will B. would C. can D. has 【点拨】主句 said 过去时,will→would,tomorrow→the next day,选 B。 20. Who is the man ______ is reading under the tree? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 【点拨】主句以 Who 开头,关系词只能用 that,避免重复,选 B。 21. I want to know ______ you have been to Shanghai. A. that B. if C. what D. which 【点拨】原句一般疑问句,用 if/whether,选 B。 22. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the bus. A. that B. which C. why D. what 【点拨】先行词 reason,从句缺原因状语,用 why,选 C。 23. He told us that the earth ______ around the sun. A. moved B. moves C. move D. had moved 【点拨】客观真理不受主句过去时影响,用一般现在时 moves,选 B。 24. The man and his dog ______ are walking in the park are very lovely. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 【点拨】先行词既有人又有物,只能用 that,选 A。 25. I don't know ______ he will arrive. A. that B. when C. which D. who 【点拨】从句意看是问"什么时候",用 when,选 B。 26. "I am reading a book," Tom said.(改为宾语从句) 【点拨】主句 said 过去时,am→was;I→he;引号去,加 that。 27. "Do you like English?" He asked me.(改为宾语从句) 【点拨】一般疑问句用 if/whether;主句过去时,do→did,like→liked;you→I。 28. "Where does he live?" I want to know.(改为宾语从句) 【点拨】特殊疑问词 where 保留;改陈述语序;主句现在时,从句按实际用 lives。 29. I don't know what I should do next.(改为简单句) 【点拨】从句主语 I 与主句一致,用"疑问词+to do"简化。 30. He asked where he could buy the book.(改为简单句) 【点拨】从句主语 he 与主句一致,简化为 where to buy。 31. The book is interesting. I bought it yesterday.(合并为定语从句) 【点拨】先行词 book 是物,做 bought 的宾语,用 that/which,可省略。 32. The man is my father. He is talking to the teacher.(合并为定语从句) 【点拨】先行词 man 是人,做从句主语,用 who/that,不可省。 33. I'll never forget the day. I joined the club on that day.(合并为定语从句) 【点拨】先行词 day 表时间,从句缺时间状语,用 when。 34. This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in it.(合并为定语从句) 【点拨】先行词 house 表地点,用 where;或用 that/which 做介词 in 的宾语放句末。 35. "I have finished my homework," she said.(改为宾语从句) 【点拨】主句 said 过去时,have→had;I→she;my→her。 36. He asked, "Will you go to Beijing tomorrow?"(改为宾语从句) 【点拨】一般疑问句用 if/whether;主句过去时,will→would;you→I;tomorrow→the next day。 37. I don't know how I can get to the station.(改为简单句) 【点拨】从句主语 I 与主句一致,简化为 how to get。 38. The girl is my sister. You met her yesterday.(合并为定语从句) 【点拨】先行词 girl 是人,做 met 的宾语,用 who/whom/that,可省略。 39. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.(填关系词) 【点拨】先行词被最高级修饰,只能用 that。 40. He didn't tell me ______ he would come or not.(填引导词) 【点拨】or not 前只能用 whether。 答案与详细点拨 提醒:同学,你记着,做题时别偷看答案!做完再对,错的题回到前面的口诀和考点框,搞清楚为什么错。 一、单项选择题(1-25)答案 1. B 宾语从句陈述语序 + Could you 表委婉不算过去时,从句用现在时。 2. C or not 前只能用 whether。 3. B 一般疑问句变宾语从句用 if/whether;主句过去时从句也过去时。 4. A 先行词 book 是物,做 lent 宾语,用 that/which。 5. B 先行词被最高级 the most beautiful 修饰,只能用 that。 6. C 先行词 man 是人,做从句主语,用 who/that。 7. C 先行词 day 表时间,从句缺时间状语,用 when。 8. B 主句 told 过去时,"前一天"更早 → 过去完成时 had seen。 9. A 先行词是不定代词 everything,只能用 that。 10. C 先行词 girl 与 father 是所属关系,用 whose。 11. B 陈述语序 + Could you 委婉,从句用现在时。 12. C 先行词 house 表地点,lived 不及物,用 where。 13. B 逗号后非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,只能用 which。 14. B do 缺宾语,用 what;疑问词+to do 结构。 15. A 特殊疑问句变宾语从句,问"谁"用 who 做主语。 16. B 先行词被 the only 修饰,只能用 that。 17. B 一般疑问句用 if/whether 引导。 18. B 介词 to 后指人用 whom,不能用 that。 19. B 主句 said 过去时,will→would。 20. B 主句以 Who 开头,关系词只能用 that 避免重复。 21. B 一般疑问句用 if/whether。 22. C 先行词 reason,从句缺原因状语,用 why。 23. B 客观真理不受主句过去时影响,用一般现在时 moves。 24. A 先行词既有人又有物,只能用 that。 25. B 从句意问"什么时候",用 when。 二、句型转换题(26-40)答案 26. Tom said (that) he was reading a book. —— 主句过去时,am→was;I→he。 27. He asked me if/whether I liked English. —— 一般疑问句用 if/whether;主句过去时,do→did→liked;you→I。 28. I want to know where he lives. —— 特殊疑问词 where 保留;陈述语序;主句现在时从句按实际。 29. I don't know what to do next. —— 从句主语与主句一致,简化为 what to do。 30. He asked where to buy the book. —— 从句主语与主句一致,简化为 where to buy。 31. The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is interesting. —— 先行词 book 是物,做 bought 宾语,用 that/which 可省。 32. The man who/that is talking to the teacher is my father. —— 先行词 man 是人,做从句主语,用 who/that 不可省。 33. I'll never forget the day when I joined the club. —— 先行词 day 表时间,从句缺时间状语,用 when。 34. This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. / This is the house (that/which) Lu Xun once lived in. —— 用 where 或 that/which 做介词宾语放句末。 35. She said (that) she had finished her homework. —— 主句过去时,have→had;I→she;my→her。 36. He asked if/whether I would go to Beijing the next day. —— 一般疑问句用 if/whether;will→would;you→I;tomorrow→the next day。 37. I don't know how to get to the station. —— 从句主语与主句一致,简化为 how to get。 38. The girl (who/whom/that) you met yesterday is my sister. —— 先行词 girl 是人,做 met 宾语,用 who/whom/that 可省。 39. that —— 先行词被最高级 the best 修饰,只能用 that。 40. whether —— or not 前只能用 whether。 最后说一句:同学,你记着,宾语从句和定语从句不是靠死记,是靠"套口诀"。做题时先把口诀默念一遍——宾语从句"时态语序引导词",定语从句"先行词定关系词"——再往题干上一套,答案自然就出来了。考前把这两句口诀和那张 that/which 区别表过一遍,复杂句型基本不丢分。加油! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026年中考英语宾语从句定语从句突破
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2026年中考英语宾语从句定语从句突破
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2026年中考英语宾语从句定语从句突破
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