Unit 1 Teenage Life名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语（核心语法精练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦名词、形容词、副词短语的系统训练，以“概念-构成-功能-区分”逻辑链整合知识，提炼实用判断技巧与语境应用方法，提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|3类短语详解|构成形式（前置/后置定语等8种）、功能（主/宾/表语等）、区分要点（中心词+句法功能）|从定义到构成再到功能，形成“概念生成-原理推导-应用拓展”链条| |考点夯基|3类题型（判断成分/类型、补全句子）|形容词修饰顺序口诀、短语功能速判法（如名词短语作主语/宾语）|针对高频考点设计基础题型，强化短语识别与应用能力| |综合提升|阅读+语法填空+完形填空|语境中短语功能分析、篇章理解中的短语作用|通过真实语篇综合考查，衔接语言能力与思维品质|

Unit 1 Teenage Life名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 （核心语法精练） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 1、、写出句子中画线部分属于哪类短语或词组，在句中作什么成分 4 2、、判断画线部分的短语类型 11 3、、用名词、形容词或副词短语补全句子 12 三、综合提升 14 1、阅读理解 18 语法填空 3、完形填空 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 一、名词短语（noun phrase, 简称 NP) （一）名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。 1、构成：名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系： （1）放在被修饰名词的前面，叫做前置定语或定语 （2）放在被修饰名词的后面，叫做后置定语。 2、具体形式有： （1）两个或多个名词可以由and等对等连词连接，构成名词短语 Men and women are both invited to the party.男人和女人都被邀请参加聚会。 （2）冠词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 I don't know the woman in white. 我不认识那个穿白色衣服的女人。 （3）名词本身作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 He went to the bus station with his friends.他和朋友们一起去了公交车站。 （4）形容词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 Bob, the famous singer, will come to our city to perform.著名歌手鲍勃将来我们的城市演出。 （5）介词及其宾语作修饰语，可与前面的名词构成名词短语 They are looking for a man without his left leg.他们在找一个缺了左腿的男人。 （6）不定式或不定式短语作修饰语，可与前面的名词构成名词短语 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.明天要开的会很重要。 （7）分词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 The sleeping child is his son.正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子。 （8）动名词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 He went to the shopping mall. 他去商场了。 3、功能：名词短语可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾补等。 The handsome young man is Jim's brother.那个英俊的年轻人是吉姆的兄弟。 (作主语） I learn that you're coming to visit one of your Chinese friends. 我知道你要来拜访你的一个中国朋友。 (作宾语） We made him our group leader. 我们让他当我们的组长。 (作宾补） （二）名词短语 NP（核心：名词，前加限定词/形容词修饰） 1. 人物类名词短语 a senior high school student 一名高中生 a hard-working classmate 勤奋的同学 a responsible teacher 负责的老师 a young volunteer 年轻志愿者 2. 校园事物名词短语 senior high school 高中 school schedule 课程表 learning goals 学习目标 learning strategy 学习策略 learning style 学习方式 campus life 校园生活 group discussion 小组讨论 after-school activity 课外活动 study plan 学习计划 reading habit 阅读习惯 3. 情绪&抽象名词短语 a sense of achievement 成就感 a sense of challenge 挑战感 learning pressure 学习压力 personal preference 个人偏好 life experience 人生经历 future plan 未来规划 4. 地点/活动名词短语 an exchange programme 交换项目 outdoor education 户外教育 volunteer work 志愿工作 sports team 运动队 二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, 简称AdjP) （一）形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 1、构成： （1）两个或多个形容词可以由and, but 等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。 （2）very, enough等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 The road is long enough. 这条路够长的。 （3）介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词一起构成形容词短语 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 （4）不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语 He is anxious to know the answer. 他焦急地想知道答案。 2、功能：形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。 Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others. 李明是一名高中生，总是乐于助人。 (作定语） China is rich in natural resources.中国自然资源丰富。 (作表语） We found them tired and sleepy at home.我们发现他们在家又累又困。 (作宾补） Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣，答应试一试。 (作状语） 3、注意：多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： （1） 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词＋ （2） 序数词、基数词＋ （3） 一般性描绘形容词＋ （4） 大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧＋ （5） 颜色＋ （6） 国籍、出处＋ （7） 材料＋ （8） 用途、类别＋ （9）最终修饰的名词或动名词。 口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，用途类别往后靠。 （二）形容词短语 AP（核心：形容词，可加副词修饰、介词搭配） 1. be + adj. + about 搭配 be curious about 对…… 好奇 be anxious about 为…… 担忧 be serious about 认真对待…… 2. be + adj. + for 搭配 be suitable for 适合…… be responsible for 对…… 负责 be good for 对…… 有益 be ready for 为…… 做好准备 3. be + adj. + to 搭配 be similar to 与…… 相似 be polite to 对…… 礼貌 be friendly to 对…… 友好 be thankful to 对…… 感激 4. be + adj. + of 搭配 be proud of 为…… 骄傲 be tired of 厌倦…… be afraid of 害怕…… be full of 充满…… 5. 纯形容词修饰短语（adv.+adj.） really challenging 十分有挑战性的 totally different 完全不同的 quite helpful 相当有帮助的 very confident 非常自信的 三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase, 简称AdvP) （一）副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词，同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。 1、构成： （1）两个或多个副词可以由and, but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 （2）very, quite, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 My grandma sat in the chair quite comfortably. 我奶奶坐在椅子上相当舒服。 （3）介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语 He ran fast on his way home. 回家的路上他跑得很快。 2、功能：副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；主要在句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式等意义，还可作表语、定语、宾补等。 Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him. 吉姆说得那么快，谁也听不懂他的话。 (作状语，表原因） The doctor came back quite recently.那位医生最近回来了。 (作状语，表时间） The teacher speaks clearly enough.老师说得够清楚。 (作状语，表方式） （二）副词短语 AdvP（核心：副词，修饰动词/形容词/整句） 1. 时间副词短语 right now 此刻，现在 from time to time 偶尔 day by day 一天天 all the time 一直 2. 方式副词短语 with ease 轻松地 with confidence 自信地 step by step 一步步地 as usual 像往常一样 3. 程度副词短语 more or less 或多或少 far more 远远更…… much less 远远不如 sort of 稍微，有点儿 4. 地点/范围副词短语 all over the world 全世界 at home and abroad 国内外 in class 在课堂上 after class 课后 5. 连接/评论副词短语 in short 简而言之 in fact 事实上 of course 当然 without doubt 毫无疑问 （四）三类短语区分要点 1、名词短语：句中充当主语/宾语/表语，中心词是名词 2、形容词短语：句中充当定语/表语，中心词是形容词 3、副词短语：句中充当状语，修饰动作、形容词或整句话 一、请写出下列句子中画线部分属于哪类短语或词组，在句中作什么成分。 1. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. 2. This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. 3. The author likes doing volunteer work because it makes her very happy. 4. Then when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much. 二、判断画线部分的短语类型 1.The teacher speaks clearly enough. 　　　　　　  2.A great deal of money is spent on the research. 　　　　　　  3.Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers-by. 　　　　　　 4.You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that. 　　　　　　  5.Dinosaurs died out because of an unexpected incident. 　　　　　　  6.They spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry. 　　　　　　  7.Everyone may feel time go by very quickly when they do something interesting.　　　　　　 8.To live an enjoyable and meaningful life,let’s read more good books! 　　　　　　  9.I’m more than pleased to know that you are learning Chinese. 　　　　　　  三、用名词、形容词或副词短语补全句子 1.我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。 We will try 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.我在汉语演讲比赛中得了一等奖。 I 　　　　　　　　　in the Chinese speech contest.  3.我没有钱给她买这么贵的礼物。 I have no money 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for her.  4.我认为我们的城市应该健康发展,这样我们将来才能有一个更好的家乡。 I think our city should 　　　　　　　　,so that we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the future.  5.广州是一个美丽的地方,适合人们居住。 Guangzhou 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for people to live in.  6.我们英语老师刚才问的问题非常令人迷惑不解。 The questions which our English teacher asked just now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 1、 阅读理解 Passage 01 Final exams are around the corner—but that won’t stop some teenagers putting in the least effort.This may be because their brains aren’t developed enough to properly assess how high the stakes (利害关系) are,and adapt their behavior accordingly. Catherine Insel,at Harvard University,and her team asked adolescents between the ages of 13 and 20 to play a game while monitoring their brains.In some rounds of the game,participants could earn 20 cents for a correct response,while an incorrect one would cost them 10 cents.But in rounds with higher stakes,correct responses were worth a dollar,and wrong answers lost the participants 50 cents. The team found that while the older volunteers performed better in the high stakes rounds,the younger ones didn’t—their performance didn’t change in line with whether the stakes were low or high.And the older the volunteers were,the more improved their performance was. When the team looked at the brain activity of the volunteers,they found that their ability to improve their performance was linked to how developed their brains were.A region in the brain,which continues to develop until we are at least 25 years old,seemed to be particularly important.The findings explain why some teenagers are so unconcerned when it comes to hazardous behaviors,such as driving too fast,for instance,especially when one of their friends is nearby. Insel thinks schools should reconsider the way they test performance in teenagers.“This study suggests it’s not a good idea to evaluate school performance in a single final exam,”she says.A better idea would be to use a variety of smaller tests,conducted throughout the year. It’s not all bad news for teens,though.Teenagers put the same amount of effort into tasks that aren’t important,and start to prefer hobbies to school.It could be a good thing,allowing teenagers to learn complex social skills,for example. 1.Why did the researchers set different bets in the game? A.To teach how to make money. B.To better monitor participants’ brains. C.To show the varied risk levels of the game. D.To meet the needs of different participants. 2.What can be inferred from the passage? A.All students make every effort to prepare for their final exams. B.The performances in different stakes have little to do with the age. C.Not well-developed brains may account for teenagers’ risky behavior. D.The levels of the stakes don’t influence the participants’ performances. 3.What should be kept in mind while assessing students’ performance? A.It should not be judged by only one exam. B.The items in exams should not be too difficult. C.Exam-focused education should not be adopted. D.Examination is not a good means of evaluating students. 4.What is Insel’s attitude to teenagers’ putting effort into “unimportant” tasks? A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Negative. D.Positive. Passage 02 二、阅读理解七选五 Are you trying to figure out if you’re a successful teen?Or maybe you want to know how you can improve.Now here are some ways to be a successful teenager. Having a daily routine (惯例) is important to stand out.　1　 Besides,developing a routine that works for you has proved helpful in reducing stress.By following a routine,you’ll notice how productive you are.Eventually,this leads to getting more things done and that’s the first step towards your success.  　2　 However,your social skills can help you gain the respect that most teens feel amazing.Practice the basic social skills such as communicating,listening,understanding others,etc,which can be very important.During my early teenage years,I used to see kindness as a weakness.But I was wrong!If you practice being nice to others,people will really start to respect you and your life will change for the better.  Learning in class doesn’t mean it has to stop there!Successful teenagers will take their free time and put it towards expanding (拓宽) their minds.　3　 Learn about new topics when you are at home,or join clubs that teach you new skills.This way,you’ll make better use of your time and continue to grow even outside the classroom.  As a saying goes,“Tell me who your friends are and I will tell you who you are.”It means that you are a sum(总和) of the people you surround yourself with.If you’re hanging around with negative individuals,chances are that you’ll become a negative person.　4　  I hope these tips have shown you how to be a successful teenager.If you have already followed some of these,well done!　5　 If you haven’t started any of these,that’s okay!This is your push to finally get started.  A.You’re already on the right track. B.No one can live without basic social skills. C.Sometimes it’s hard to be taken seriously as a teenager. D.It will help you stay organized and manage your time better. E.So you should make it a goal to learn something new every day. F.It’s quite necessary to break away from some improper daily habits. G.But staying with hard-working people,you’re on the way to success. 三、语法填空 Passage 03 The buzzwords “brittle college students” (脆皮大学生) 1.　　　　　　(go) viral on the Internet recently amid growing concerns over a serious decline (下降) in the physical health of Chinese college students.  The relevant hashtag (标签) “brittle college students” has exploded on social media,with a large number of comments 2.　　　　　　　　(share) experiences of college students who have suffered unexpected and funny injuries.“I just stretched (伸展) a bit 3.　　　　　　 my neck got twisted,”said one student with an 4.　　　　　　(embarrass) smile,when he was interviewed.  The term refers 5.　　　　　　 the new generation of college students generally suffering from many physical problems.“Brittle”,6.　　　　　　 literally means tender and fragile,has been used by netizens to 7.　　　　　　(joking) describe how easily college students can get injured and sick.  The “2020 China University Students Health Survey Report”8.　　　　　　(publish) by China Youth Daily likewise pointed out that unhealthy lifestyle is 9.　　　　　　 main factor.College students spend too much time on smartphones and many stay up late playing games.All of these contribute to health 10.　　　　　　(issue).  四、完形填空 Cloze 01 A 15-year-old student has been praised a hero after it was found out that he had saved the life of a man who had suffered a heart attack.Sheng Xiaohan hadn’t told students and teachers the story until the man 　1　 at the school to thank him.  Sheng recalled he was 　2　 home at around 9 p.m.after working late at school when he saw a group of people surrounding a man on the ground 　3　,with a man patting on his back and others calling his name.  When he saw the man was unresponsive,he　4　 his pulse and found it was weak and his body 　5　.“I had learned first aid several times since primary school and the 　6　 time was during military training,” he said.  He first tried the Heimlich maneuver,but then thought the old man might have　7　 a heart attack.He asked people around to give him some 　8　 and tried cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).He 　9　 down on the man’s chest regularly,while asking another man to help with artificial respiration.Someone else called the emergency 　10　.Sheng kept doing CPR for about six minutes until the ambulance arrived and 　11　 the man to the hospital.  “I didn’t dare to stop or ask others to replace me in case of any　12　,” he added.“During the process,he started to breathe again,which gave me the confidence and 　13　 to go on.”  Sheng said he didn’t feel tired during the process,but afterwards his arms were　14　.After the experience,he didn’t treat it as anything out of the 　15　 as he was a warm-hearted young man always ready to help others.  1.A.turned up B.cleaned up C.made up D.gave up 2.A.leaving B.staying C.returning D.attending 3.A.abnormal B.hopeless C.aimless D.unconscious 4.A.touched B.checked C.measured D.assessed 5.A.cold B.mild C.soft D.warm 6.A.rarest B.latest C.slightest D.grandest 7.A.suffered B.survived C.recognized D.attracted 8.A.courage B.energy C.space D.destination 9.A.grasped B.removed C.settled D.pressed 10.A.treatments B.services C.approaches D.management 11.A.dragged B.hiked C.rushed D.transformed 12.A.inconvenience B.trouble C.risks D.comments 13.A.strength B.ability C.challenges D.awareness 14.A.broken B.sore C.swollen D.flexible 15.A.ordinary B.satisfactory C.admirable D.available 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Teenage Life名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 （核心语法精练） 考点夯基 一、请写出下列句子中画线部分属于哪类短语或词组，在句中作什么成分。 答案： 1. 形容词短语；表语 2. 名词短语；表语 3. 形容词短语；宾语补足语 4. 副词短语；状语 二、判断画线部分的短语类型 答案： 1.副词短语　2.名词短语　3.名词短语　4.形容词短语　5.名词短语　6.形容词短语　7.副词短语　8.名词短语　9.形容词短语 三、用名词、形容词或副词短语补全句子 答案： 1.to make our country more beautiful　 2.won first prize 3.to buy such an expensive gift　 4.develop healthily;could have a better hometown　5.is a beautiful place　 6.were really very confusing 综合提升 1、 阅读理解 Passage 01 答案解析： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项实验研究的结果表明,青少年大脑判断事情重要程度的能力随着年龄增大而增加,因此,学校应该重新考虑对青少年进行考试的方式,即使用各种各样的小型测试在全年进行。 1.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The team found that while the older volunteers...whether the stakes were low or high.”可知,研究的结果发现“年纪稍大的参与者在利害关系更高的回合中表现得更好”。由此可推知,研究人员设置不同赌注是为了使游戏的冒险程度不同。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第四段“When the team...when one of their friends is nearby.”可知,研究发现志愿者提高表现的能力与他们的大脑发育程度有关,这解释了为什么一些青少年对于危险行为漠不关心。由此可推知,发育不完善的大脑可能是青少年危险行为的原因。故选C项。 3.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“‘This study suggests it’s not a good idea to evaluate school performance in a single final exam’,she says.”可知,在评价学生的成绩时应该注意不应该只通过一次考试来判断。 4.D　观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知,Insel认为青少年花时间做一些不重要的事情可能也是一件好事,让他们可以学到复杂的社交技巧。由此推知,Insel对此的态度是“赞同的”。 Passage 02 二、阅读理解七选五 答案解析： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些成为成功的青少年的方法。 1.D　根据上文“Having a daily routine is important to stand out.”可知,本句承接上文说明有日常习惯的作用:帮助你保持条理,更好地管理你的时间。故D项“它会帮助你保持条理,更好地管理你的时间”符合语境。 2.C　根据下文“However,your social skills can help you gain the respect that most teens feel amazing.”可知,下文与本句构成转折关系,下文提到了赢得尊重,故推测本句是在说明不受重视的情况。故C项“作为一个青少年,有时候很难被认真对待”符合语境。 3.E　根据下文“Learn about new topics...grow even outside the classroom.”可知,下文提到了学习新的技能等,可知本句是在建议学习新东西。故E项“所以你应该把每天学习新东西作为一个目标”符合语境。 4.G　根据上文“If you’re hanging around with negative individuals,chances are that you’ll become a negative person.”可知,本句与上文构成转折,指出和成功的人在一起,就能获得成功。故G项“但是和努力工作的人在一起,你就在通往成功的路上”符合语境。 5.A　根据上文“I hope these tips have shown you how to be a successful teenager.If you have already followed some of these,well done!”可知,上文提到了遵循建议就做得很好了,故本句继续对此进行肯定。故A项“你已经走上了正确的道路”符合语境。 三、语法填空 Passage 03 答案： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了“脆皮大学生”这一流行语在网上疯传,揭示了中国大学生身体健康状况严重恶化的问题。 1.have gone　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作句子的谓语,时间状语为recently,句子应用现在完成时,且主语buzzwords为复数,助动词应用have。故填have gone。 2.sharing　考查非谓语动词。根据“with a large number of comments”可推知,此处用with的复合结构,空处为宾语补足语,share“分享”和comments逻辑上是主动关系,因此应用现在分词形式。故填sharing。 3.but　考查连词。前面表示“我只是伸展了一下”,侧重动作的轻微,后面表示“我的脖子扭了”,侧重结果的严重,前后语义构成转折,故填but。 4.embarrassed　考查形容词。分析句子可知,空处是修饰smile的定语,且描述的是 反映人的情感的表情,因此应用-ed结尾的形容词。故填embarrassed。 5.to　考查介词。refer to指的是,故填to。 6.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词Brittle作补充说明,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,故填which。 7.jokingly　考查词性转换。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词describe,因此应用副词。故填jokingly。 8.published　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处作前面名词短语的后置定语,是非谓语动词,publish“发布”和Report逻辑上是被动关系,且动作当时已完成,因此应用过去分词形式。故填published。 9.a　考查冠词。分析句子可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且main的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。 10.issues　考查名词的数。分析句子可知,空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语,因此可数名词issue应用复数形式。故填issues。 四、完形填空 答案： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了15岁的学生盛晓涵被誉为英雄,因为他用心脏复苏术挽救了一名心脏病患者的生命。 1.A　turn up出现;clean up打扫干净;make up编造,组成;give up放弃。根据“A 15-year-old student has been praised...who had suffered a heart attack.”可知,被救的那个人出现在学校感谢他。故选A项。 2.C　根据“after working late at school”可知,他是在学校学习很晚之后回家。 故选C项。 3.D　根据“with a man patting on his back and others calling his name”可知,倒在地上的人失去了意识。故选D项。 4.B　根据“When he saw the man was unresponsive”可知,看到男子没反应,他检查了那位男子的脉搏。故选B项。 5.A　根据“his pulse and found it was weak”可知,脉搏微弱,那么身体应该是冷的。故选A项。 6.B　根据“during military training”可知,此处指出最近一次学习急救的时间。 故选B项。 7.A　根据“a heart attack”可知,老人是遭遇了心脏病发作。故选A项。 8.C　根据“tried cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)”可知,进行心脏复苏需要周围的人给予一些空间。故选C项。 9.D　根据“tried cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)”可知,进行心脏复苏需要按压病人的胸部。故选D项。 10.B　根据“until the ambulance arrived”可知,有人给急救服务打电话。故选B项。 11.C　根据上文“When he saw the man was unresponsive,he 　　　his pulse and found it was weak and his body 　　　”可知,病人情况危急,因此是匆忙送往医院。故选C项。  12.C　根据“I didn’t dare to stop or ask others to replace me”可知,他害怕停下来或者让别人代替自己会有风险。故选C项。 13.A　根据“During the process,he started to breathe again”可知,病人开始呼吸了,这给了盛晓涵信心和力量。故选A项。 14.B　根据“He 　　　down on the man’s chest regularly”可知,在施救之后手臂应该是酸痛的。故选B项。  15.A　根据“as he was a warm-hearted young man always ready to help others.”可知,救人的经历对他来说是很平常的。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Teenage Life名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 （核心语法精练） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 1、、写出句子中画线部分属于哪类短语或词组，在句中作什么成分 4 2、、判断画线部分的短语类型 11 3、、用名词、形容词或副词短语补全句子 12 三、综合提升 14 1、阅读理解 18 语法填空 3、完形填空 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 一、名词短语（noun phrase, 简称 NP) （一）名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。 1、构成：名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系： （1）放在被修饰名词的前面，叫做前置定语或定语 （2）放在被修饰名词的后面，叫做后置定语。 2、具体形式有： （1）两个或多个名词可以由and等对等连词连接，构成名词短语 Men and women are both invited to the party.男人和女人都被邀请参加聚会。 （2）冠词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 I don't know the woman in white. 我不认识那个穿白色衣服的女人。 （3）名词本身作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 He went to the bus station with his friends.他和朋友们一起去了公交车站。 （4）形容词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 Bob, the famous singer, will come to our city to perform.著名歌手鲍勃将来我们的城市演出。 （5）介词及其宾语作修饰语，可与前面的名词构成名词短语 They are looking for a man without his left leg.他们在找一个缺了左腿的男人。 （6）不定式或不定式短语作修饰语，可与前面的名词构成名词短语 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.明天要开的会很重要。 （7）分词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 The sleeping child is his son.正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子。 （8）动名词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语 He went to the shopping mall. 他去商场了。 3、功能：名词短语可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾补等。 The handsome young man is Jim's brother.那个英俊的年轻人是吉姆的兄弟。 (作主语） I learn that you're coming to visit one of your Chinese friends. 我知道你要来拜访你的一个中国朋友。 (作宾语） We made him our group leader. 我们让他当我们的组长。 (作宾补） （二）名词短语 NP（核心：名词，前加限定词/形容词修饰） 1. 人物类名词短语 a senior high school student 一名高中生 a hard-working classmate 勤奋的同学 a responsible teacher 负责的老师 a young volunteer 年轻志愿者 2. 校园事物名词短语 senior high school 高中 school schedule 课程表 learning goals 学习目标 learning strategy 学习策略 learning style 学习方式 campus life 校园生活 group discussion 小组讨论 after-school activity 课外活动 study plan 学习计划 reading habit 阅读习惯 3. 情绪&抽象名词短语 a sense of achievement 成就感 a sense of challenge 挑战感 learning pressure 学习压力 personal preference 个人偏好 life experience 人生经历 future plan 未来规划 4. 地点/活动名词短语 an exchange programme 交换项目 outdoor education 户外教育 volunteer work 志愿工作 sports team 运动队 二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, 简称AdjP) （一）形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 1、构成： （1）两个或多个形容词可以由and, but 等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。 （2）very, enough等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 The road is long enough. 这条路够长的。 （3）介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词一起构成形容词短语 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 （4）不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语 He is anxious to know the answer. 他焦急地想知道答案。 2、功能：形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。 Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others. 李明是一名高中生，总是乐于助人。 (作定语） China is rich in natural resources.中国自然资源丰富。 (作表语） We found them tired and sleepy at home.我们发现他们在家又累又困。 (作宾补） Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣，答应试一试。 (作状语） 3、注意：多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： （1） 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词＋ （2） 序数词、基数词＋ （3） 一般性描绘形容词＋ （4） 大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧＋ （5） 颜色＋ （6） 国籍、出处＋ （7） 材料＋ （8） 用途、类别＋ （9）最终修饰的名词或动名词。 口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，用途类别往后靠。 （二）形容词短语 AP（核心：形容词，可加副词修饰、介词搭配） 1. be + adj. + about 搭配 be curious about 对…… 好奇 be anxious about 为…… 担忧 be serious about 认真对待…… 2. be + adj. + for 搭配 be suitable for 适合…… be responsible for 对…… 负责 be good for 对…… 有益 be ready for 为…… 做好准备 3. be + adj. + to 搭配 be similar to 与…… 相似 be polite to 对…… 礼貌 be friendly to 对…… 友好 be thankful to 对…… 感激 4. be + adj. + of 搭配 be proud of 为…… 骄傲 be tired of 厌倦…… be afraid of 害怕…… be full of 充满…… 5. 纯形容词修饰短语（adv.+adj.） really challenging 十分有挑战性的 totally different 完全不同的 quite helpful 相当有帮助的 very confident 非常自信的 三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase, 简称AdvP) （一）副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词，同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。 1、构成： （1）两个或多个副词可以由and, but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 （2）very, quite, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 My grandma sat in the chair quite comfortably. 我奶奶坐在椅子上相当舒服。 （3）介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语 He ran fast on his way home. 回家的路上他跑得很快。 2、功能：副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；主要在句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式等意义，还可作表语、定语、宾补等。 Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him. 吉姆说得那么快，谁也听不懂他的话。 (作状语，表原因） The doctor came back quite recently.那位医生最近回来了。 (作状语，表时间） The teacher speaks clearly enough.老师说得够清楚。 (作状语，表方式） （二）副词短语 AdvP（核心：副词，修饰动词/形容词/整句） 1. 时间副词短语 right now 此刻，现在 from time to time 偶尔 day by day 一天天 all the time 一直 2. 方式副词短语 with ease 轻松地 with confidence 自信地 step by step 一步步地 as usual 像往常一样 3. 程度副词短语 more or less 或多或少 far more 远远更…… much less 远远不如 sort of 稍微，有点儿 4. 地点/范围副词短语 all over the world 全世界 at home and abroad 国内外 in class 在课堂上 after class 课后 5. 连接/评论副词短语 in short 简而言之 in fact 事实上 of course 当然 without doubt 毫无疑问 （四）三类短语区分要点 1、名词短语：句中充当主语/宾语/表语，中心词是名词 2、形容词短语：句中充当定语/表语，中心词是形容词 3、副词短语：句中充当状语，修饰动作、形容词或整句话 一、请写出下列句子中画线部分属于哪类短语或词组，在句中作什么成分。 1. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. 2. This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. 3. The author likes doing volunteer work because it makes her very happy. 4. Then when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much. 答案： 1. 形容词短语；表语 2. 名词短语；表语 3. 形容词短语；宾语补足语 4. 副词短语；状语 二、判断画线部分的短语类型 1.The teacher speaks clearly enough. 　　　　　　  2.A great deal of money is spent on the research. 　　　　　　  3.Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers-by. 　　　　　　 4.You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that. 　　　　　　  5.Dinosaurs died out because of an unexpected incident. 　　　　　　  6.They spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry. 　　　　　　  7.Everyone may feel time go by very quickly when they do something interesting.　　　　　　 8.To live an enjoyable and meaningful life,let’s read more good books! 　　　　　　  9.I’m more than pleased to know that you are learning Chinese. 　　　　　　  答案： 1.副词短语　2.名词短语　3.名词短语　4.形容词短语　5.名词短语　6.形容词短语　7.副词短语　8.名词短语　9.形容词短语 三、用名词、形容词或副词短语补全句子 1.我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。 We will try 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.我在汉语演讲比赛中得了一等奖。 I 　　　　　　　　　in the Chinese speech contest.  3.我没有钱给她买这么贵的礼物。 I have no money 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for her.  4.我认为我们的城市应该健康发展,这样我们将来才能有一个更好的家乡。 I think our city should 　　　　　　　　,so that we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the future.  5.广州是一个美丽的地方,适合人们居住。 Guangzhou 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for people to live in.  6.我们英语老师刚才问的问题非常令人迷惑不解。 The questions which our English teacher asked just now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 答案： 1.to make our country more beautiful　 2.won first prize 3.to buy such an expensive gift　 4.develop healthily;could have a better hometown　5.is a beautiful place　 6.were really very confusing 1、 阅读理解 Passage 01 Final exams are around the corner—but that won’t stop some teenagers putting in the least effort.This may be because their brains aren’t developed enough to properly assess how high the stakes (利害关系) are,and adapt their behavior accordingly. Catherine Insel,at Harvard University,and her team asked adolescents between the ages of 13 and 20 to play a game while monitoring their brains.In some rounds of the game,participants could earn 20 cents for a correct response,while an incorrect one would cost them 10 cents.But in rounds with higher stakes,correct responses were worth a dollar,and wrong answers lost the participants 50 cents. The team found that while the older volunteers performed better in the high stakes rounds,the younger ones didn’t—their performance didn’t change in line with whether the stakes were low or high.And the older the volunteers were,the more improved their performance was. When the team looked at the brain activity of the volunteers,they found that their ability to improve their performance was linked to how developed their brains were.A region in the brain,which continues to develop until we are at least 25 years old,seemed to be particularly important.The findings explain why some teenagers are so unconcerned when it comes to hazardous behaviors,such as driving too fast,for instance,especially when one of their friends is nearby. Insel thinks schools should reconsider the way they test performance in teenagers.“This study suggests it’s not a good idea to evaluate school performance in a single final exam,”she says.A better idea would be to use a variety of smaller tests,conducted throughout the year. It’s not all bad news for teens,though.Teenagers put the same amount of effort into tasks that aren’t important,and start to prefer hobbies to school.It could be a good thing,allowing teenagers to learn complex social skills,for example. 1.Why did the researchers set different bets in the game? A.To teach how to make money. B.To better monitor participants’ brains. C.To show the varied risk levels of the game. D.To meet the needs of different participants. 2.What can be inferred from the passage? A.All students make every effort to prepare for their final exams. B.The performances in different stakes have little to do with the age. C.Not well-developed brains may account for teenagers’ risky behavior. D.The levels of the stakes don’t influence the participants’ performances. 3.What should be kept in mind while assessing students’ performance? A.It should not be judged by only one exam. B.The items in exams should not be too difficult. C.Exam-focused education should not be adopted. D.Examination is not a good means of evaluating students. 4.What is Insel’s attitude to teenagers’ putting effort into “unimportant” tasks? A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Negative. D.Positive. 答案解析： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项实验研究的结果表明,青少年大脑判断事情重要程度的能力随着年龄增大而增加,因此,学校应该重新考虑对青少年进行考试的方式,即使用各种各样的小型测试在全年进行。 1.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The team found that while the older volunteers...whether the stakes were low or high.”可知,研究的结果发现“年纪稍大的参与者在利害关系更高的回合中表现得更好”。由此可推知,研究人员设置不同赌注是为了使游戏的冒险程度不同。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第四段“When the team...when one of their friends is nearby.”可知,研究发现志愿者提高表现的能力与他们的大脑发育程度有关,这解释了为什么一些青少年对于危险行为漠不关心。由此可推知,发育不完善的大脑可能是青少年危险行为的原因。故选C项。 3.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“‘This study suggests it’s not a good idea to evaluate school performance in a single final exam’,she says.”可知,在评价学生的成绩时应该注意不应该只通过一次考试来判断。 4.D　观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知,Insel认为青少年花时间做一些不重要的事情可能也是一件好事,让他们可以学到复杂的社交技巧。由此推知,Insel对此的态度是“赞同的”。 Passage 02 二、阅读理解七选五 Are you trying to figure out if you’re a successful teen?Or maybe you want to know how you can improve.Now here are some ways to be a successful teenager. Having a daily routine (惯例) is important to stand out.　1　 Besides,developing a routine that works for you has proved helpful in reducing stress.By following a routine,you’ll notice how productive you are.Eventually,this leads to getting more things done and that’s the first step towards your success.  　2　 However,your social skills can help you gain the respect that most teens feel amazing.Practice the basic social skills such as communicating,listening,understanding others,etc,which can be very important.During my early teenage years,I used to see kindness as a weakness.But I was wrong!If you practice being nice to others,people will really start to respect you and your life will change for the better.  Learning in class doesn’t mean it has to stop there!Successful teenagers will take their free time and put it towards expanding (拓宽) their minds.　3　 Learn about new topics when you are at home,or join clubs that teach you new skills.This way,you’ll make better use of your time and continue to grow even outside the classroom.  As a saying goes,“Tell me who your friends are and I will tell you who you are.”It means that you are a sum(总和) of the people you surround yourself with.If you’re hanging around with negative individuals,chances are that you’ll become a negative person.　4　  I hope these tips have shown you how to be a successful teenager.If you have already followed some of these,well done!　5　 If you haven’t started any of these,that’s okay!This is your push to finally get started.  A.You’re already on the right track. B.No one can live without basic social skills. C.Sometimes it’s hard to be taken seriously as a teenager. D.It will help you stay organized and manage your time better. E.So you should make it a goal to learn something new every day. F.It’s quite necessary to break away from some improper daily habits. G.But staying with hard-working people,you’re on the way to success. 答案解析： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些成为成功的青少年的方法。 1.D　根据上文“Having a daily routine is important to stand out.”可知,本句承接上文说明有日常习惯的作用:帮助你保持条理,更好地管理你的时间。故D项“它会帮助你保持条理,更好地管理你的时间”符合语境。 2.C　根据下文“However,your social skills can help you gain the respect that most teens feel amazing.”可知,下文与本句构成转折关系,下文提到了赢得尊重,故推测本句是在说明不受重视的情况。故C项“作为一个青少年,有时候很难被认真对待”符合语境。 3.E　根据下文“Learn about new topics...grow even outside the classroom.”可知,下文提到了学习新的技能等,可知本句是在建议学习新东西。故E项“所以你应该把每天学习新东西作为一个目标”符合语境。 4.G　根据上文“If you’re hanging around with negative individuals,chances are that you’ll become a negative person.”可知,本句与上文构成转折,指出和成功的人在一起,就能获得成功。故G项“但是和努力工作的人在一起,你就在通往成功的路上”符合语境。 5.A　根据上文“I hope these tips have shown you how to be a successful teenager.If you have already followed some of these,well done!”可知,上文提到了遵循建议就做得很好了,故本句继续对此进行肯定。故A项“你已经走上了正确的道路”符合语境。 三、语法填空 Passage 03 The buzzwords “brittle college students” (脆皮大学生) 1.　　　　　　(go) viral on the Internet recently amid growing concerns over a serious decline (下降) in the physical health of Chinese college students.  The relevant hashtag (标签) “brittle college students” has exploded on social media,with a large number of comments 2.　　　　　　　　(share) experiences of college students who have suffered unexpected and funny injuries.“I just stretched (伸展) a bit 3.　　　　　　 my neck got twisted,”said one student with an 4.　　　　　　(embarrass) smile,when he was interviewed.  The term refers 5.　　　　　　 the new generation of college students generally suffering from many physical problems.“Brittle”,6.　　　　　　 literally means tender and fragile,has been used by netizens to 7.　　　　　　(joking) describe how easily college students can get injured and sick.  The “2020 China University Students Health Survey Report”8.　　　　　　(publish) by China Youth Daily likewise pointed out that unhealthy lifestyle is 9.　　　　　　 main factor.College students spend too much time on smartphones and many stay up late playing games.All of these contribute to health 10.　　　　　　(issue).  答案： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了“脆皮大学生”这一流行语在网上疯传,揭示了中国大学生身体健康状况严重恶化的问题。 1.have gone　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作句子的谓语,时间状语为recently,句子应用现在完成时,且主语buzzwords为复数,助动词应用have。故填have gone。 2.sharing　考查非谓语动词。根据“with a large number of comments”可推知,此处用with的复合结构,空处为宾语补足语,share“分享”和comments逻辑上是主动关系,因此应用现在分词形式。故填sharing。 3.but　考查连词。前面表示“我只是伸展了一下”,侧重动作的轻微,后面表示“我的脖子扭了”,侧重结果的严重,前后语义构成转折,故填but。 4.embarrassed　考查形容词。分析句子可知,空处是修饰smile的定语,且描述的是 反映人的情感的表情,因此应用-ed结尾的形容词。故填embarrassed。 5.to　考查介词。refer to指的是,故填to。 6.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词Brittle作补充说明,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,故填which。 7.jokingly　考查词性转换。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词describe,因此应用副词。故填jokingly。 8.published　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处作前面名词短语的后置定语,是非谓语动词,publish“发布”和Report逻辑上是被动关系,且动作当时已完成,因此应用过去分词形式。故填published。 9.a　考查冠词。分析句子可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且main的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。 10.issues　考查名词的数。分析句子可知,空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语,因此可数名词issue应用复数形式。故填issues。 四、完形填空 Cloze 01 A 15-year-old student has been praised a hero after it was found out that he had saved the life of a man who had suffered a heart attack.Sheng Xiaohan hadn’t told students and teachers the story until the man 　1　 at the school to thank him.  Sheng recalled he was 　2　 home at around 9 p.m.after working late at school when he saw a group of people surrounding a man on the ground 　3　,with a man patting on his back and others calling his name.  When he saw the man was unresponsive,he　4　 his pulse and found it was weak and his body 　5　.“I had learned first aid several times since primary school and the 　6　 time was during military training,” he said.  He first tried the Heimlich maneuver,but then thought the old man might have　7　 a heart attack.He asked people around to give him some 　8　 and tried cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).He 　9　 down on the man’s chest regularly,while asking another man to help with artificial respiration.Someone else called the emergency 　10　.Sheng kept doing CPR for about six minutes until the ambulance arrived and 　11　 the man to the hospital.  “I didn’t dare to stop or ask others to replace me in case of any　12　,” he added.“During the process,he started to breathe again,which gave me the confidence and 　13　 to go on.”  Sheng said he didn’t feel tired during the process,but afterwards his arms were　14　.After the experience,he didn’t treat it as anything out of the 　15　 as he was a warm-hearted young man always ready to help others.  1.A.turned up B.cleaned up C.made up D.gave up 2.A.leaving B.staying C.returning D.attending 3.A.abnormal B.hopeless C.aimless D.unconscious 4.A.touched B.checked C.measured D.assessed 5.A.cold B.mild C.soft D.warm 6.A.rarest B.latest C.slightest D.grandest 7.A.suffered B.survived C.recognized D.attracted 8.A.courage B.energy C.space D.destination 9.A.grasped B.removed C.settled D.pressed 10.A.treatments B.services C.approaches D.management 11.A.dragged B.hiked C.rushed D.transformed 12.A.inconvenience B.trouble C.risks D.comments 13.A.strength B.ability C.challenges D.awareness 14.A.broken B.sore C.swollen D.flexible 15.A.ordinary B.satisfactory C.admirable D.available 答案： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了15岁的学生盛晓涵被誉为英雄,因为他用心脏复苏术挽救了一名心脏病患者的生命。 1.A　turn up出现;clean up打扫干净;make up编造,组成;give up放弃。根据“A 15-year-old student has been praised...who had suffered a heart attack.”可知,被救的那个人出现在学校感谢他。故选A项。 2.C　根据“after working late at school”可知,他是在学校学习很晚之后回家。 故选C项。 3.D　根据“with a man patting on his back and others calling his name”可知,倒在地上的人失去了意识。故选D项。 4.B　根据“When he saw the man was unresponsive”可知,看到男子没反应,他检查了那位男子的脉搏。故选B项。 5.A　根据“his pulse and found it was weak”可知,脉搏微弱,那么身体应该是冷的。故选A项。 6.B　根据“during military training”可知,此处指出最近一次学习急救的时间。 故选B项。 7.A　根据“a heart attack”可知,老人是遭遇了心脏病发作。故选A项。 8.C　根据“tried cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)”可知,进行心脏复苏需要周围的人给予一些空间。故选C项。 9.D　根据“tried cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)”可知,进行心脏复苏需要按压病人的胸部。故选D项。 10.B　根据“until the ambulance arrived”可知,有人给急救服务打电话。故选B项。 11.C　根据上文“When he saw the man was unresponsive,he 　　　his pulse and found it was weak and his body 　　　”可知,病人情况危急,因此是匆忙送往医院。故选C项。  12.C　根据“I didn’t dare to stop or ask others to replace me”可知,他害怕停下来或者让别人代替自己会有风险。故选C项。 13.A　根据“During the process,he started to breathe again”可知,病人开始呼吸了,这给了盛晓涵信心和力量。故选A项。 14.B　根据“He 　　　down on the man’s chest regularly”可知,在施救之后手臂应该是酸痛的。故选B项。  15.A　根据“as he was a warm-hearted young man always ready to help others.”可知,救人的经历对他来说是很平常的。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $