Unit 2 Getting along 现在完成时（II）（核心语法精练）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时时间状语用法，通过标志词分类梳理、分层题型训练，构建“知识回顾-考点突破-综合应用”的系统性语法训练体系，提升语言运用与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|1表|标志词分类（不确定时间/持续时间/从过去到现在）、用法规则（位置/句型）、易混点对比（already/yet, for/since）|从标志词概念生成到用法规则推导，建立语法知识网络| |考点夯基|填空20/单选20/完成句子15/句型转换10|动词形式变化、否定疑问转换、短暂性动词转延续性（如borrow→keep）|题型与方法对应，强化规则应用与易错点突破| |综合提升|语法选择10/短文填空10|语境中时态辨析、标志词线索定位|从单句到语篇，实现知识迁移与综合语言运用|

Unit 1 This is me 核心语法精练 （现在完成时（II）） 目录 二、考点夯基 1 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 3 三、完成句子 5 四、句型转换 6 一、语法选择 7 二、短文填空 8 现在完成时时间状语标志词用法 类别 标志词 用法规则 典型位置 例句 要点提示 不确定过去时间 already 肯定句，表 "已经完成" 助动词后 / 句末 I have already finished my homework. 常考与 yet 的区别，否定句改疑问句需替换 yet 否定句表 "尚未"；疑问句表 "已经" 句末 Have you finished your homework yet? / I haven't finished it yet. 否定句与肯定句转换时的位置变化 just 表 "刚刚完成"，动作发生在最近 助动词后 He has just come back from school. 单选题中区分 just (现在完成时) 与 just now (一般过去时) ever 疑问句，表 "曾经" 助动词后 Have you ever been to Beijing? 常与 never 对比考查，注意否定疑问句结构 never 否定句，表 "从未"，语气强于 not 助动词后 I have never seen such a beautiful picture. 中考常考与 before 连用：have never...before before 表 "以前"，不确定时间点 句末 I have met him before. 不受句型限制，肯定 / 否定 / 疑问均可 持续时间表达 for + 时间段 表动作持续的时长 句末 She has lived here for 5 years. 必考！短暂性动词需转为延续性动词 since + 时间点 / 从句 表动作开始的时间起点 句末 We have studied English since 2018. / since we came here. 高频考点！since 后接过去时从句，主句用现在完成时 从过去到现在 so far 表 "到目前为止" 句首 / 句末 So far, we have learned 8 units. 常与现在完成时连用，区别于 in the past (一般过去时) recently/lately 表 "最近"，动作可能持续 句首 / 句中 / 句末 I have recently visited my grandparents. 可与现在完成时或一般过去时连用，中考侧重前者 in the past few years 表 "过去几年中" 句首 / 句末 In the past few years, he has made great progress. 区别于 in the past (一般过去时)，中考易混点 how long 疑问句，询问持续时长 句首 How long have you been in China? 回答必须用 for/since，短暂性动词需转换 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．I ________ (have) this bike for five years. 2．They ________ (already/know) each other since primary school. 3．He ________ (just cut) his long hair. He looks different now. 4．We ________ (not/see) each other for three years. 5．________ (be) you to the new library? It’s fantastic! 6．I ________ (not/tell) him the news ________ (yet). 7．My brother ________ (already/learn) 1,000 English words. 8．________ you ________ (ever/visit) the Great Wall? 9．She ________ (never/be) to Beijing before. 10．I ________ (just/finish) my homework. Now I can watch TV. 11．My parents ________ (marry) since twenty years ago. 12．________ you ________ (share) your snacks with your classmates before? 13．My parents ________ (live) in this lane since they got married. 14．________ the two families ________ (reach) an agreement about the dividing line yet? 15．She ________ (not talk) with her deskmate for a week after their argument. 16．They ________ (know) each other since they were little kids. 17．I ________ (keep) this storybook about the selfish giant for two months. 18．The Giant ________ (not see) kids in his garden for many years. 19．We ________ (be) good friends since Grade Seven. 20．So far, the policeman ________ (not find) the stolen car yet, and the owner of the car is getting more and more worried. 二、单项选择 21．Sally ________ her hair long to cover the birthmark so far. A．kept B．has kept C．had kept D．keeps 22．—________ you ever ________ to a radio programme? —Yes, I have. A．Did; listen B．Have; listened C．Do; listen D．Are; listening 23．—How long ________ you ________ this book? —For two weeks. A．did; borrow B．have; borrowed C．have; kept D．did; keep 24．More than 20 people ________ in traffic accidents ________ last May. A．died; since B．have been dead; since C．have died; for D．have been dead; for 25．Humans ________ amazing progress in space exploration in the past twenty years. A．make B．are making C．have made D．will make 26．My cousin________ the science fiction novel The Three-Body Problem for nearly a month, and she plans to write a book report about it. A．kept B．has kept C．is keeping D．was keeping 27．My grandparents live a simple life in an old town. They ________ there since they got married. A．live B．lived C．have lived D．are living 28．—Paul, your watch looks so cool! —Thanks. I have had it ________ I entered primary school and it still works well now. A．since B．though C．unless D．until 29．My parents ________ Shanghai twice. A．have gone to B．have been to C．went to D．will go to 30．I ________ a community volunteer since 2023. A．became B．am C．have been D．will be 31．The nice watch ________ on the table for three days. Whose is it? A．lay B．has laid C．has lain D．lied 32．—________ you ever ________ your new classmate around the school? —Yes. We had a good time. A．Have; shown B．Do; show C．Will; show D．Did; show 33．—How long ________ you ________ the book? —For about one week. I borrowed it from Bengbu library last Saturday. A．have; kept B．have; borrowed C．do; keep D．will; keep 34．—Do you like reading Journey to the West? —Yes. It is so fun that I ________ it three times so far. A．read B．will read C．was reading D．have read 35．Wang Chuqin ________ as the new captain (队长) of China’s men’s table tennis team since June 2026. A．will serve B．has served C．is serving D．was serving 36．Many people ________ AI tools widely in their daily work recently. And they can finish their work easily and quickly. A．have used B．used C．use D．will use 37．We ________ five model planes since we joined the Science Club. A．make B．made C．have made D．will make 38．He ________ sharing his toys with others for nearly ten years. A．practises B．practised C．has practised D．will practise 39．We haven’t talked face to face ________ the big quarrel. A．for B．since C．already D．just 40．The Giant ________ alone in his garden since he built the high wall. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 三、完成句子 41．自从那天起，我就改变了对自己的看法。 I ________ ________ my opinion about myself since that day. 42．这是我第一次做关于自己的演讲。 This is the first time I ________ ________ a speech about myself. 43．她还没有告诉我整个故事。 She ________ ________ me the whole story ________. 44．你曾经挑战过自己吗？ ________ you ever ________ yourself before? 45．我已经学会接受自己的样子了。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ my looks. 46．你从你的朋友那里学到了什么？（learn from）   ________ ________ you ________ ________ your friend? 47．网络给学习带来了巨大变化。 The Internet has _____________ study. 48．你曾经和朋友为小事争执过吗？ ________ you ever ________ with your friends over small things? 49．巨人很久没在花园里听见鸟鸣了。 The giant ________ ________ birds sing in his garden for a long time. 50．自从那次争吵后，我已经学会了与他人分享。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ share with others since that argument. 51．我已经学会了烹饪面条。 I ________ ________ ________ to cook noodles. 52．玛丽在学习上已经取得了巨大进步。 Mary __________ great __________ in her studies. 53．我的礼貌行为对我和寄宿家庭相处起到了重要作用。 My polite behaviors ________________________ to my life with the host family. 54．我已经了解到我就是我。 I have already ________ ________ I am what I am. 55．你听说过《西游记》这本小说吗？ Have you _________________ the novel Journey to the West? 四、句型转换。 56．Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago. (改为同义句) Cathy’s parents ________ ________ married for twenty-five years. 57．Jim has been away from his hometown for 20 years. (改为同义句) 20 years ________ since Jim ________ his hometown. 58．They got married ten years ago.  (改为同义句)   They ________ ________ married ________ ten years. 59．I have eaten a bowl of rice already. (改为否定句) I ________ eaten a bowl of rice ________. 60．I have already read the story of the Selfish Giant.（改为否定句） I ________ ________ the story of the Selfish Giant ________. 61．The giant hasn’t seen kids since he built the wall. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ the giant not seen kids? 62．He has been in the school volunteer team for two terms.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has he been in the school volunteer team? 63．We have known him since 2018.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ you ________ him? 64．Have you ever visited the science museum? (作肯定回答) ________, ________ ________. 65．Has Ms. Jones decided to go to Beijing on vacation? (作否定回答)   No, ________ ________. 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School’s Environmental Project Last month, our school 1 an environmental protection project. The teacher asked us to collect plastic bottles in our neighborhood. So far, we 2 over 500 bottles. I 3 this project very interesting. On the first day, I 4 only 10 bottles. I felt a little sad. But my deskmate Lily encouraged me. She said that every small action matters. Since then, I 5 out to collect bottles every weekend. Last Saturday, I 6 an old man in the park. He saw me collecting bottles and 7 me a big smile. He told me that he 8 collecting waste things for ten years. He said it was a good way to protect the environment. From this project, I 9 a lot. I know that protecting the environment is not a one-time thing. We should keep doing it. Our teacher says we 10 the bottles to a recycling center next week. I hope more people can join us. 1．A．starts B．started C．has started D．will start 2．A．collect B．collected C．have collected D．will collect 3．A．find B．found C．have found D．will find 4．A．collect B．collected C．have collected D．will collect 5．A．go B．went C．have gone D．will go 6．A．meet B．met C．have met D．will meet 7．A．gives B．gave C．has given D．will give 8．A．keeps B．kept C．has kept D．will keep 9．A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．will learn 10．A．take B．took C．have taken D．will take 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A dragon boat race started on Tuesday in Mayang Miao autonomous county (自治县) of Huaihua, Hunan Province. It is a 11 (tradition) local activity with a long history. Lots of teams from across the nation come 12 (join) the event on the Jinjiang River. People prepare lots of things 13 the big activity. Everyone could feel the great joy of the festival. Different from common dragon boats used in national games, the boats from Mayang are special. They are about 40 meters long, made from fir wood. They are decorated with 48 dragon patterns. They can hold 60 people, including rowers (桨手), drummers, gong players 14 boat guides. There were 24 teams and over 1,800 athletes, including 12 local teams and 12 from 15 (place) like Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang provinces and Hong Kong. The race rule is easy: two boats race together each time, traveling 800 meters up the river against the strongest water. Each group changes sides and races again. Players must work together to finish 16 (they) race well. The winner is decided by the total time. People row in different ways: some kneel, some sit and others 17 (stand). Mayang has a long history of dragon boat races. According to local people, the county 18 (hold) more than 370 dragon boat races since 1988. Besides, it has sent over 2,000 players to take part in national, provincial and city games so far. Dragon boat racing is 19 (real) popular here. It has become an important part of local culture and such wonderful activities really make 20 difference to local people’s life and culture. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 This is me 核心语法精练 （现在完成时（II）） 目录 二、考点夯基 1 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 6 三、完成句子 11 四、句型转换 14 6 一、语法选择 16 二、短文填空 19 现在完成时时间状语标志词用法 类别 标志词 用法规则 典型位置 例句 要点提示 不确定过去时间 already 肯定句，表 "已经完成" 助动词后 / 句末 I have already finished my homework. 常考与 yet 的区别，否定句改疑问句需替换 yet 否定句表 "尚未"；疑问句表 "已经" 句末 Have you finished your homework yet? / I haven't finished it yet. 否定句与肯定句转换时的位置变化 just 表 "刚刚完成"，动作发生在最近 助动词后 He has just come back from school. 单选题中区分 just (现在完成时) 与 just now (一般过去时) ever 疑问句，表 "曾经" 助动词后 Have you ever been to Beijing? 常与 never 对比考查，注意否定疑问句结构 never 否定句，表 "从未"，语气强于 not 助动词后 I have never seen such a beautiful picture. 中考常考与 before 连用：have never...before before 表 "以前"，不确定时间点 句末 I have met him before. 不受句型限制，肯定 / 否定 / 疑问均可 持续时间表达 for + 时间段 表动作持续的时长 句末 She has lived here for 5 years. 必考！短暂性动词需转为延续性动词 since + 时间点 / 从句 表动作开始的时间起点 句末 We have studied English since 2018. / since we came here. 高频考点！since 后接过去时从句，主句用现在完成时 从过去到现在 so far 表 "到目前为止" 句首 / 句末 So far, we have learned 8 units. 常与现在完成时连用，区别于 in the past (一般过去时) recently/lately 表 "最近"，动作可能持续 句首 / 句中 / 句末 I have recently visited my grandparents. 可与现在完成时或一般过去时连用，中考侧重前者 in the past few years 表 "过去几年中" 句首 / 句末 In the past few years, he has made great progress. 区别于 in the past (一般过去时)，中考易混点 how long 疑问句，询问持续时长 句首 How long have you been in China? 回答必须用 for/since，短暂性动词需转换 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．I ________ (have) this bike for five years. 【答案】have had 【解析】句意：这辆自行车我已经拥有五年了。句中“for five years”是表示一段持续时长的时间标志，提示动作从过去持续到现在，需使用现在完成时。现在完成时结构为“主语+have/has+动词过去分词”，本句主语为I，助动词用have；have表示“拥有”时，其过去分词形式为had。 2．They ________ (already/know) each other since primary school. 【答案】have already known 【解析】句意：他们从小学起就已经互相认识了。句中since primary school（自从小学）是现在完成时标志性时间状语，时态结构为have/has+动词过去分词；主语They是复数，助动词用have；know的过去分词为known；副词already（已经）需放在助动词与实义动词之间，应填have already known。 3．He ________ (just cut) his long hair. He looks different now. 【答案】has just cut 【解析】句意：他刚刚剪掉了他的长发。他现在看起来不一样。句中的“just”是现在完成时的标志词，且后半句“He looks different now”说明“剪头发”这个动作对现在造成了影响，现在完成时结构为have/has +动词过去分词；主语“He”是第三人称单数，助动词用has；动词cut的过去分词还是cut，因此填has just cut。 4．We ________ (not/see) each other for three years. 【答案】haven’t seen 【解析】句意：我们已经三年没有见过彼此了。时间标志词for three years（持续三年）是现在完成时的典型标志，结构为：have/has + 过去分词。主语We是复数，助动词用have；否定形式为have not（缩写haven’t）；see的过去分词是seen。 5．________ (be) you to the new library? It’s fantastic! 【答案】Have been 【解析】句意：你去过那个新图书馆吗？它棒极了！根据语境，询问对方“是否去过某地”应用现在完成时结构“have been to”。句子为一般疑问句，需将助动词“Have”提至句首并大写；主语是you，搭配助动词have；表示“去过”需用be动词的过去分词been。应填Have been。 6．I ________ (not/tell) him the news ________ (yet). 【答案】 haven’t told yet 【解析】句意：我还没有告诉他这个消息。句中“yet”用于否定句或疑问句句末，是现在完成时的标志性词汇，提示动作发生在过去但对现在造成影响，或者表示到目前为止尚未发生的动作。句子主语为“I”，助动词应用“have”，结合提示词“not/tell”，构成现在完成时的否定形式“haven’t told”；第二空直接填入时间副词“yet”，意为“还，尚”。应填haven’t told；yet。 7．My brother ________ (already/learn) 1,000 English words. 【答案】has already learnt 【解析】句意：我的弟弟已经学会了1000个英语单词。句中“already”是现在完成时的标志性词汇，提示动作发生在过去但对现在造成了影响。句子主语“My brother”是第三人称单数，故助动词用“has”；动词“learn”的过去分词形式为“learnt”。结构为“has+already+过去分词”。应填has already learnt。 8．________ you ________ (ever/visit) the Great Wall? 【答案】 Have ever visited 【解析】句意：你曾经去过长城吗？句中“ever”是现在完成时的标志性词汇，常用于疑问句中询问经历。句子主语为“you”，助动词应用“Have”，且位于句首首字母需大写；第二空实义动词“visit”需变为过去分词形式“visited”，副词“ever”置于助动词和实义动词之间。应填Have；ever visited。 9．She ________ (never/be) to Beijing before. 【答案】has never been 【解析】句意：她以前从来没有去过北京。句中“before”是现在完成时的提示词，have/has been to表示“去过某地(现已返回)”；主语She是第三人称单数，助动词用has；频度副词never放在助动词has之后、过去分词been之前。 10．I ________ (just/finish) my homework. Now I can watch TV. 【答案】have just finished 【解析】句意：我刚做完作业，现在可以看电视了。just表示“刚刚”，描述刚完成、对现在有影响的动作，用现在完成时。主语I是第一人称，助动词用have，副词just放在助动词和过去分词中间。故填have just finished。 11．My parents ________ (marry) since twenty years ago. 【答案】 have been married 【解析】句意：我的父母已经结婚二十年了。 时间状语since twenty years ago是现在完成时的标志；marry是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，需要转换为延续性状态be married，主语my parents为复数，现在完成时结构为have been married。 12．________ you ________ (share) your snacks with your classmates before? 【答案】 Have shared 【解析】句意：你以前和同学分享过零食吗？根据时间状语提示词“before”可知，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语为you，助动词用have，动词share的过去分词为shared。故填Have；shared。 13．My parents ________ (live) in this lane since they got married. 【答案】have lived 【解析】句意：自从我的父母结婚以来，他们就住在这条巷子里面。根据“since they got married”可知，该句为since引导的时间状语从句，主句应用现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语是复数，助动词用have，live的过去分词为lived。 14．________ the two families ________ (reach) an agreement about the dividing line yet? 【答案】 Have reached 【解析】句意：两户人家就分界线问题达成一致了吗？句中标志词yet（已经，还）是现在完成时的典型提示词，多用于疑问句、否定句，因此本句使用现在完成时，结构为“Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词”。the two families （两户人家）是复数，助动词选用Have，置于句首构成疑问句。括号内动词reach的过去分词为reached。 15．She ________ (not talk) with her deskmate for a week after their argument. 【答案】hasn’t talked 【解析】句意：争论之后，她已经一周没和同桌说话了。时间状语“for a week”提示此句用现在完成时，表示“不说话”这个状态从过去持续到现在，主语“She”是第三人称单数，否定的谓语结构用“has+not+过去分词”，has not缩写为hasn’t，talk的过去分词直接在词尾加-ed，应填hasn’t talked。 16．They ________ (know) each other since they were little kids. 【答案】have known 【解析】句意：他们从小就认识。句中出现时间标志词since they were little kids‌，表示动作从过去持续到现在，要求使用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词；主语They是复数，助动词用have，know的过去分词是known。 17．I ________ (keep) this storybook about the selfish giant for two months. 【答案】have kept 【解析】句意：我这本关于自私的巨人的故事书已经保留了两个月了。根据“for two months”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，时态用现在完成时，结构是“have/has done”，主语是I，助动词用have，keep的过去分词为kept。 18．The Giant ________ (not see) kids in his garden for many years. 【答案】hasn’t seen 【解析】句意：巨人已经很多年没在花园里见到孩子了。根据时间状语“for many years”可知，时态为现在完成时，否定结构为“hasn’t/haven’t done”，主语The Giant为单数，否定助动词用hasn’t，see的过去分词为seen。 19．We ________ (be) good friends since Grade Seven. 【答案】have been 【解析】句意：我们从七年级起就是好朋友了。时间状语“since Grade Seven”提示此句用现在完成时，表示状态从过去持续到现在，主语是“We”，谓语结构用“have+过去分词”，be的过去分词是不规则变化been。 20．So far, the policeman ________ (not find) the stolen car yet, and the owner of the car is getting more and more worried. 【答案】 has not found/hasn’t found 【解析】句意：到目前为止，警察还没有找到被偷的车，车主越来越担心。句中“So far”和“yet”是现在完成时的标志词，主语“the policeman”为第三人称单数，否定形式为“has not found”或者缩写形式“hasn’t found”，故填has not found或者hasn’t found。 二、单项选择 21．Sally ________ her hair long to cover the birthmark so far. A．kept B．has kept C．had kept D．keeps 【答案】B 【解析】句意：到目前为止，萨利一直留长发以遮盖胎记。 根据时间状语“so far”可知，留长发这一状态持续到今天为止，应用现在完成时have+过去分词，主语为Sally，故填has kept。 22．—________ you ever ________ to a radio programme? —Yes, I have. A．Did; listen B．Have; listened C．Do; listen D．Are; listening 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你曾经听过广播节目吗？——是的，我听过。 根据答语“Yes, I have.”可知，问句是由“have”引导的一般疑问句，关键词“ever”常与现在完成时连用，结构为“Have/Has+主语+过去分词”，listen 的过去分词是listened。 23．—How long ________ you ________ this book? —For two weeks. A．did; borrow B．have; borrowed C．have; kept D．did; keep 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这本书你借了多久了？——两周了。 borrow借入；keep保持，存放。根据“How long”及答语“For two weeks.”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词。borrow是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用；keep是延续性动词，可以与时间段连用，因此结构应为have kept。 24．More than 20 people ________ in traffic accidents ________ last May. A．died; since B．have been dead; since C．have died; for D．have been dead; for 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自去年5月以来，已有20多人死于交通事故。 died死；have been dead死亡；have died已死；since自从，后接过去时间点；for后接时间段。“last May”是过去时间点，第二空应用since；die是短暂性动词，在现在完成时中与since连用需变为延续性状态be dead，第一空应用have been dead。应填have been dead；since。 25．Humans ________ amazing progress in space exploration in the past twenty years. A．make B．are making C．have made D．will make 【答案】C 【解析】句意：人类在过去的二十年里在太空探索方面取得了惊人的进步。 根据时间状语“in the past twenty years”可知，此处用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语Humans是复数，助动词用have。 26．My cousin________ the science fiction novel The Three-Body Problem for nearly a month, and she plans to write a book report about it. A．kept B．has kept C．is keeping D．was keeping 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我表姐借阅科幻小说《三体》快一个月了，她计划写一篇关于它的读书报告。 根据时间状语“for nearly a month”可知，动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，需使用现在完成时。因为主语为单数第三人称“My cousin”，助动词需用has，其后接延续性动词keep的过去分词形式kept，用以表达状态的持续。应填has kept。 27．My grandparents live a simple life in an old town. They ________ there since they got married. A．live B．lived C．have lived D．are living 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我的祖父母在一个古镇过着简朴的生活。自从他们结婚以来，他们就一直住在那里。 根据“since they got married”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，have lived符合结构要求。 28．—Paul, your watch looks so cool! —Thanks. I have had it ________ I entered primary school and it still works well now. A．since B．though C．unless D．until 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——保罗，你的手表看起来真酷！——谢谢。自从我进入小学以来我就拥有它了，现在它仍然很好用。 since自从……以来；though虽然；unless除非；until直到……为止。根据“I have had it”是现在完成时，“I entered primary school”是一般过去时，可知表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用since引导时间状语从句。 29．My parents ________ Shanghai twice. A．have gone to B．have been to C．went to D．will go to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我父母去过上海两次。 have gone to表示“去了某地（还没回来）”；have been to表示“去过某地（已经回来）”，可以和次数连用；went to是一般过去时；will go to是一般将来时。句中的“twice”表示过去的经历，需要用现在完成时来表达“去过某地（已经回来）”的含义。应填have been to。 30．I ________ a community volunteer since 2023. A．became B．am C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【解析】句意：自2023年以来我一直是社区志愿者。 became成为，一般过去时；am是，一般现在时；have been为现在完成时结构；will be为一般将来时结构。根据“since 2023”可知，设空处表示的动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 31．The nice watch ________ on the table for three days. Whose is it? A．lay B．has laid C．has lain D．lied 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这块精致的手表已经放在桌上三天了。它是谁的？ lie表示“放置、位于”时，过去分词为lain；时间状语for three days是持续时长，要用现在完成时has/have done；主语watch是单数，助动词用has，因此是has lain。 32．—________ you ever ________ your new classmate around the school? —Yes. We had a good time. A．Have; shown B．Do; show C．Will; show D．Did; show 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你曾经带领你的新同学参观过学校吗？——是的。我们玩得很开心。 句中出现标志词“ever”，表明时态为现在完成时。现在完成时的一般疑问句构成为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”。主语you对应助动词Have，动词show的过去分词为shown。 33．—How long ________ you ________ the book? —For about one week. I borrowed it from Bengbu library last Saturday. A．have; kept B．have; borrowed C．do; keep D．will; keep 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这本书你保留多久了？——大约一周。我上周六从蚌埠图书馆借的。 kept保留、持有（延续性动词）；borrowed借（短暂性动词）。根据答句“For about one week.”可知，问句询问持续时长，需用延续性动词keep，且时态为现在完成时，应填have; kept。 34．—Do you like reading Journey to the West? —Yes. It is so fun that I ________ it three times so far. A．read B．will read C．was reading D．have read 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你喜欢读《西游记》吗？——是的。它太有趣了，以至于到目前为止我已经读了三遍。 根据时间状语“so far”可知，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语为I，助动词用have。应填have read。 35．Wang Chuqin ________ as the new captain (队长) of China’s men’s table tennis team since June 2026. A．will serve B．has served C．is serving D．was serving 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自2026年6月以来，王楚钦一直担任中国男子乒乓球队的新队长。 根据句中的时间状语“since June 2026”可知，“since+过去的时间点”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。主语Wang Chuqin是第三人称单数，助动词用has。应填has served。 36．Many people ________ AI tools widely in their daily work recently. And they can finish their work easily and quickly. A．have used B．used C．use D．will use 【答案】A 【解析】句意：近来，许多人在日常工作中广泛使用人工智能工具，他们能够轻松、快速地完成工作。 根据时间状语“recently（近来，最近）”可知，表示从过去持续到现在的情况，应使用现在完成时。主语Many people是复数，因此谓语用have used。应填have used。 37．We ________ five model planes since we joined the Science Club. A．make B．made C．have made D．will make 【答案】C 【解析】句意：自从我们加入科学俱乐部以来，我们已经制作了五个模型飞机。 make是一般现在时；made是一般过去时；have made是现在完成时；will make是一般将来时。根据句中时间状语“since we joined the Science Club”可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在。 38．He ________ sharing his toys with others for nearly ten years. A．practises B．practised C．has practised D．will practise 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他已经练习与他人分享玩具快十年了。 句中包含时间状语“for nearly ten years”，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时。应填has practised。 39．We haven’t talked face to face ________ the big quarrel. A．for B．since C．already D．just 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自从那次大争吵以来，我们还没有面对面交谈过。 for为了；since自从；already已经；just刚刚。根据“We haven’t talked”可知句子是现在完成时，“the big quarrel”是过去的时间点。since后接过去时间点，表示“自从……以来”。 40．The Giant ________ alone in his garden since he built the high wall. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 【答案】C 【解析】句意：自从巨人建了高墙以来，他一直独自住在他的花园里。 根据句中时间状语“since he built the high wall”可知，动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时。基本结构为have/has + 过去分词。has lived符合该结构。 三、完成句子 41．自从那天起，我就改变了对自己的看法。 I ________ ________ my opinion about myself since that day. 【答案】 have changed 【解析】原句中“改变”是关键词，“改变”的英文动词是change。“since that day”提示句中用现在完成时，结构为“have/has done”，主语是“I”，因此助动词使用have；change的过去分词为changed。 42．这是我第一次做关于自己的演讲。 This is the first time I ________ ________ a speech about myself. 【答案】 have made 【解析】原句中“做”是关键词，“做演讲”用make a speech表达，是固定短语，句子是固定句型“This is the first time that…”，该句型中，从句通常用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是I“我”，助动词用have；make的过去分词是made。 43．她还没有告诉我整个故事。 She ________ ________ me the whole story ________. 【答案】 hasn’t told yet 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“还没有告诉”的表达。句子要用现在完成时的否定形式，主语She是第三人称单数，助动词用has，否定形式为hasn’t；动词tell要变为过去分词told；yet常用于现在完成时否定句的句末表示“还、仍”。故填hasn’t；told；yet。 44．你曾经挑战过自己吗？ ________ you ever ________ yourself before? 【答案】 Have challenged 【解析】根据中文“曾经……吗”以及英文句中的关键词“ever”，可知该句应使用现在完成时“have/has+主语+动词过去分词”。主语是“you”，助动词选用have，句首单词的首字母要大写；“挑战”的动词原形是 challenge，其过去分词为challenged。 45．我已经学会接受自己的样子了。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ my looks. 【答案】 have already learnt/learned to accept 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“已经学会接受”的表达。句子用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have；already意为“已经”，放在助动词之后、过去分词之前；learn的过去分词为learnt/learned；固定搭配learn to do sth.意为“学会做某事”，所以后面接to accept“接受”。故填have；already；learnt/learned；to；accept。 46．你从你的朋友那里学到了什么？（learn from）   ________ ________ you ________ ________ your friend? 【答案】 What have learned from 【解析】原句中“从……中学到了……”是关键词，表示“什么”的特殊疑问词是what，置于句首，首字母大写；表示“从……中学到”的动词短语是learn from，句子强调至今学到的收获，用现在完成时，主语为第二人称，助动词用have，放主语之前；learn的过去分词是learned。 47．网络给学习带来了巨大变化。 The Internet has _____________ study. 【答案】brought great changes to 【解析】原句中 “带来巨大变化” 是关键词，表示 “给…… 带来巨大变化” 的短语是bring great changes to。本句为现在完成时，has后接动词过去分词，bring的过去分词为brought。 48．你曾经和朋友为小事争执过吗？ ________ you ever ________ with your friends over small things? 【答案】 Have argued 【解析】本句缺少关键词“争执”，根据中文“曾经……过吗”以及句中的关键词ever，可知句子应用现在完成时，其疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”。主语是you，助动词应选用Have，且位于句首，首字母需大写。“争执”译为argue，固定搭配argue with sb. 意为“与某人争执”。在现在完成时中，实义动词需用过去分词形式，即argued。故填Have；argued。 49．巨人很久没在花园里听见鸟鸣了。 The giant ________ ________ birds sing in his garden for a long time. 【答案】 hasn’t heard 【解析】原句中“没”和“听见”是关键词。“很久没……了”以及时间状语“for a long time”表示动作从过去持续到现在，应使用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）。句意包含“没”，表示否定。现在完成时的否定结构为“have/has not+过去分词”。主语“The giant”是第三人称单数，助动词应用has，否定缩写为hasn’t。“听见”的英文原形是hear，其过去分词是heard。故填hasn’t；heard。 50．自从那次争吵后，我已经学会了与他人分享。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ share with others since that argument. 【答案】 have already learnt to 【解析】原句中“已经学会了”是关键词，根据时间状语“since that argument”可知，句子是现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是I“我”，用助动词have；“学会”用learn表达，其过去分词是learnt，learn to do sth.是固定短语，意为“学会做某事”。“已经”用already表达，是副词，位于助动词后，实义动词前。 51．我已经学会了烹饪面条。 I ________ ________ ________ to cook noodles. 【答案】 have already learned/learnt 【解析】原句中“已经学会了”是关键词，表示动作已完成，应用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”。主语“I”为第一人称单数，助动词用“have”；“已经”对应“already”，置于助动词与过去分词之间；“学习”的过去分词为“learned”或“learnt”，两种形式均可。故填have；already；learned/learnt。 52．玛丽在学习上已经取得了巨大进步。 Mary __________ great __________ in her studies. 【答案】 has made progress 【解析】原句中“已经取得”和“进步”是关键词，固定短语：make progress，表示“取得进步”。强调“已经取得”用现在完成时，结构：主语+has/have+过去分词。主语Mary是第三人称单数，助动词用has，make的过去分词为made。progress是不可数名词，可直接放在great之后。故填has made；progress。 53．我的礼貌行为对我和寄宿家庭相处起到了重要作用。 My polite behaviors ________________________ to my life with the host family. 【答案】have made a big difference/have made a great difference/make a big difference/make a great difference 【解析】关键词“对……起到了重要作用”在英语中常对应固定短语make a difference to...（对……产生影响/起作用），为了体现“重要”，通常在difference前加big或great。句子描述的是过去与寄宿家庭相处的经历，对现在产生的影响，因此应用现在完成时，主语为名词复数，因此填have made a big/great difference。该句也可用一般现在时，表示存在的状态，主语为名词复数，动词用原形，也可填make a big/great difference。 54．我已经了解到我就是我。 I have already ________ ________ I am what I am. 【答案】 learned/learnt that 【解析】原句中“已经”是关键词，提示句子使用现在完成时，结构为“have + 动词过去分词”，learn的过去分词为learnt或learned；后半句是完整的宾语从句，需用引导词that连接。故填learnt/learned；that。 55．你听说过《西游记》这本小说吗？ Have you _________________ the novel Journey to the West? 【答案】heard of 【解析】原句中“听说过”是关键词，hear of为固定短语，意为“听说”，本句为现在完成时，Have后接动词过去分词，hear的过去分词是heard。 四、句型转换。 56．Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago. (改为同义句) Cathy’s parents ________ ________ married for twenty-five years. 【答案】 have been 【解析】句意：凯西的父母25年前结婚了。改写句中含有“for twenty-five years”（长达二十五年），表示动作或状态从过去持续到现在，需使用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）。原句中的“got married”是瞬间动作，不能与表示一段时间的“for…”连用。在现在完成时中，需将其改为表示持续状态的be married。主语“Cathy’s parents”是复数，因此助动词用have，be的过去分词是been。故填have；been。 57．Jim has been away from his hometown for 20 years. (改为同义句) 20 years ________ since Jim ________ his hometown. 【答案】 has passed left 【解析】句意：吉姆离开家乡已经20年了。原句“Jim has been away… for 20 years”是现在完成时，表示状态持续了20年。同义句通常使用“It is/has been + 时间段 + since…”结构。当主语直接是时间段时，结构变为“时间段 + has passed + since + 一般过去时从句”。主语“20 years”在此处被视为一个整体时间段，谓语动词常用单数形式，且强调对现在的影响，所以填has passed。since引导的时间状语从句需用一般过去时。原句中的延续性状态“be away”需转换为瞬间动作“leave”，其过去式为left。 58．They got married ten years ago.  (改为同义句)   They ________ ________ married ________ ten years. 【答案】 have been for 【解析】原句“They got married ten years ago”是一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。改写句中出现时间段“ten years”，暗示动作或状态从过去持续到现在，需使用现在完成时。“get married”是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用。要表示“结婚”这一状态的持续，需改为延续性动词短语“be married”。主语“They”是复数，助动词用have；be的过去分词是been。时间段“ten years”前需加介词for。故填have；been；for。 59．I have eaten a bowl of rice already. (改为否定句) I ________ eaten a bowl of rice ________. 【答案】 haven’t yet 【解析】句意：我已经吃了一碗米饭。原句是现在完成时，助动词为have；改为否定句时，在助动词have后加not，缩写为haven’t；现在完成时否定句末尾常加副词yet，对应肯定句中的already，故填haven’t；yet。 60．I have already read the story of the Selfish Giant.（改为否定句） I ________ ________ the story of the Selfish Giant ________. 【答案】 haven’t read yet 【解析】句意:我已经读过《自私的巨人》这个故事了。根据“have already read”，可知原句为现在完成时，改为否定句时，需在助动词have后加not，缩写为haven’t；already在否定句中需变为yet，并置于句末；实义动词read保持不变。故填haven’t; read; yet。 61．The giant hasn’t seen kids since he built the wall. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ the giant not seen kids? 【答案】 How long has 【解析】句意：巨人建墙后就没见过孩子们。划线部分“since he built the wall”引导时间起点，针对持续时间提问用how long，意为“多久”，how long位于句首，首字母要大写；句子是现在完成时，改为问句时，助动词has提到主语前。 62．He has been in the school volunteer team for two terms.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has he been in the school volunteer team? 【答案】 How long 【解析】句意：他在学校志愿者队已经两个学期了。原句时态为现在完成时，题目要求对划线部分“for two terms”提问，该部分表示“一段时间”。在现在完成时中，对“一段时间”或“时长”提问，应使用特殊疑问词组how long，how位于句子开头首字母需大写。故填How；long。 63．We have known him since 2018.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ you ________ him? 【答案】 How long have known 【解析】原句：我们从2018年起就认识他了。原句中划线部分“since 2018”表示动作持续的时间起点，提问动作持续的时长需用How long（多久）；原句为现在完成时，结构是have/has+过去分词，变为疑问句时，需将助动词have提到主语you之前，动词known保持不变。故填How；long；have；known。 64．Have you ever visited the science museum? (作肯定回答) ________, ________ ________. 【答案】 Yes I have 【解析】句意：你曾经参观过科技博物馆吗？原句是现在完成时的一般疑问句（Have+主语+过去分词...?）。现在完成时一般疑问句的肯定回答格式为“Yes, 主语+have/has”。 问句中的主语是you，回答时应转换为I；第一人称单数I搭配的助动词是have。 65．Has Ms. Jones decided to go to Beijing on vacation? (作否定回答)   No, ________ ________. 【答案】 she hasn’t 【解析】句意：Jones女士决定去北京度假了吗？句子是助动词has引导的现在完成时的一般疑问句，其否定回答是“No, 主语+hasn’t.”，主语Ms. Jones是女性，在答语中用she“她”代替。 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School’s Environmental Project Last month, our school 1 an environmental protection project. The teacher asked us to collect plastic bottles in our neighborhood. So far, we 2 over 500 bottles. I 3 this project very interesting. On the first day, I 4 only 10 bottles. I felt a little sad. But my deskmate Lily encouraged me. She said that every small action matters. Since then, I 5 out to collect bottles every weekend. Last Saturday, I 6 an old man in the park. He saw me collecting bottles and 7 me a big smile. He told me that he 8 collecting waste things for ten years. He said it was a good way to protect the environment. From this project, I 9 a lot. I know that protecting the environment is not a one-time thing. We should keep doing it. Our teacher says we 10 the bottles to a recycling center next week. I hope more people can join us. 1．A．starts B．started C．has started D．will start 2．A．collect B．collected C．have collected D．will collect 3．A．find B．found C．have found D．will find 4．A．collect B．collected C．have collected D．will collect 5．A．go B．went C．have gone D．will go 6．A．meet B．met C．have met D．will meet 7．A．gives B．gave C．has given D．will give 8．A．keeps B．kept C．has kept D．will keep 9．A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．will learn 10．A．take B．took C．have taken D．will take 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 【解析】本文讲述作者学校开展环保项目，学生收集塑料瓶的经历。作者受益匪浅，意识到环保需坚持，计划下周将瓶子送至回收中心。 1．句意：上个月，我们学校开展了一项环保项目。 根据时间状语“Last month”，句子要用一般过去时，start的过去式为started；starts是一般现在时，has started是现在完成时，will start是一般将来时，均不符合过去时间的时态要求，故选started。 2．句意：到目前为止，我们已经收集了500多个瓶子。 根据时间标志词“So far”（到目前为止），是现在完成时的典型标志，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为we，用have collected；collect一般现在时、collected一般过去时、will collect一般将来时均不匹配该时间状语，故选have collected。 3．句意：我发现这个项目非常有趣。 本段整体在讲述过去参与项目的经历，用一般过去时，find的过去式是found；find一般现在时、have found现在完成时、will find一般将来时均不符合叙事时态，故选found。 4．句意：第一天，我只收集了10个瓶子。 根据时间“On the first day”（第一天），描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，collect的过去式为collected；collect一般现在时、have collected现在完成时、will collect一般将来时均不符合，故选collected。 5．句意：从那以后，我每个周末都外出收集瓶子。 Since then（从那以后）为现在完成时标志词，强调动作从过去持续到现在，结构为“have+过去分词”，用have gone；go一般现在时、went一般过去时、will go一般将来时均不符合该时态用法，故选have gone。 6．句意：上周六，我在公园里遇到一位老人。 根据时间“Last Saturday”（上周六），描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，meet的过去式是met；meet一般现在时、have met现在完成时、will meet一般将来时均不符合过去时间时态，故选met。 7．句意：他看见我在收集瓶子，对着我露出灿烂的笑容。 and连接两个并列的过去谓语动词，前面saw为see的过去式，此处也要用一般过去时，give的过去式为gave；gives一般现在时、has given现在完成时、will give一般将来时均不符合并列时态一致原则，故选gave。 8．句意：他告诉我他已经坚持收集废品十年了。 主句时态为一般过去时，宾语从句中时间状语“for ten years”表示动作从过去持续到老人讲述这件事之前，要用现在完成时，选项中has kept（现在完成时）可体现动作持续十年的含义；kept一般过去时只强调过去动作，keeps一般现在时、will keep一般将来时均不能表示动作持续时长，故选has kept。 9．句意：通过这个项目，我学到了很多。 强调从过去的项目经历中收获感悟，动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，用现在完成时have learned；learn一般现在时、learned一般过去时、will learn一般将来时均无法体现经历带来的当下收获，故选have learned。 10．句意：老师说我们下周要把这些瓶子送到回收中心。 根据时间状语“next week”（下周），表示将来要发生的动作，用一般将来时will take；take一般现在时、took一般过去时、have taken现在完成时均不符合将来时间的时态要求，故选will take。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A dragon boat race started on Tuesday in Mayang Miao autonomous county (自治县) of Huaihua, Hunan Province. It is a 11 (tradition) local activity with a long history. Lots of teams from across the nation come 12 (join) the event on the Jinjiang River. People prepare lots of things 13 the big activity. Everyone could feel the great joy of the festival. Different from common dragon boats used in national games, the boats from Mayang are special. They are about 40 meters long, made from fir wood. They are decorated with 48 dragon patterns. They can hold 60 people, including rowers (桨手), drummers, gong players 14 boat guides. There were 24 teams and over 1,800 athletes, including 12 local teams and 12 from 15 (place) like Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang provinces and Hong Kong. The race rule is easy: two boats race together each time, traveling 800 meters up the river against the strongest water. Each group changes sides and races again. Players must work together to finish 16 (they) race well. The winner is decided by the total time. People row in different ways: some kneel, some sit and others 17 (stand). Mayang has a long history of dragon boat races. According to local people, the county 18 (hold) more than 370 dragon boat races since 1988. Besides, it has sent over 2,000 players to take part in national, provincial and city games so far. Dragon boat racing is 19 (real) popular here. It has become an important part of local culture and such wonderful activities really make 20 difference to local people’s life and culture. 【答案】 11．traditional 12．to join 13．for 14．and 15．places 16．their 17．stand 18．has held 19．really 20．a 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了湖南怀化麻阳苗族自治县举办的传统龙舟赛，描述了龙舟特色、参赛队伍、比赛规则及当地悠久的龙舟文化，体现了这项活动对当地文化和生活的重要意义。 11．句意：这是一项历史悠久的传统地方活动。该处需一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰activity；tradition对应的形容词形式是traditional。 12．句意：来自全国各地的许多队伍前来锦江参加这项赛事。该处需一个不定式，在句中表目的；come to do sth.为固定搭配，join对应的不定式是to join。 13．句意：人们为这项大型活动准备了很多东西。该处需一个介词，在句中表对象；prepare...for...为固定搭配，表示为……准备……。 14．句意：它们可以容纳60人，包括桨手、鼓手、锣手和舵手。该处需一个连词，在句中表并列；列举多个并列名词，最后两个之间用and连接。 15．句意：共有24支队伍、1800多名运动员，其中包括12支本地队伍和12支来自广东、江西、浙江、香港等地的队伍。该处需一个名词复数，在句中作宾语；like后列举多个地点，place对应的复数形式是places。 16．句意：选手们必须齐心协力，顺利完成他们的比赛。该处需一个形容词性物主代词，在句中作定语修饰race；they对应的形容词性物主代词是their。 17．句意：人们划船的方式各不相同：有的跪着，有的坐着，还有的站着。该处需一个动词原形，在句中作谓语；some...some...others...结构中，动词形式与前面的kneel、sit保持一致，用原形stand。 18．句意：据当地人说，自1988年以来，该县已举办了370多场龙舟赛。该处需一个现在完成时的动词，在句中作谓语；since 1988是现在完成时标志，主语the county是单数，hold对应的现在完成时形式是has held。 19．句意：龙舟赛在这里非常受欢迎。该处需一个副词，在句中作状语修饰形容词popular；real对应的副词形式是really。 20．句意：这些精彩的活动确实对当地人的生活和文化产生了影响。该处需一个不定冠词，在句中构成固定搭配；make a difference为固定短语，表示有影响、起作用，故填a。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $