内容正文:
物主代词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、物主代词语法梳理 1
1. 什么是物主代词? 1
2. 物主代词的构成 1
3. 物主代词的用法(重点) 2
二、中考分层练习题(共30题) 2
基础篇(第1-10题) 2
提高篇(第11-20题) 3
挑战篇(第21-30题) 4
一、物主代词语法梳理
1. 什么是物主代词?
物主代词是用来表示所有关系(即“谁的”)的代词,相当于名词所有格的作用。例如“我的书”“你的书包”中的“我的”“你的”就是物主代词。
2. 物主代词的构成
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两类,两者之间存在一一对应的关系:
人称
形容词性物主代词(后接名词)
名词性物主代词(= 形容词性物主代词 + 名词)
第一人称单数
my(我的)
mine(我的……)
第二人称单数
your(你的)
yours(你的……)
第三人称单数
his(他的)
his(他的……)
her(她的)
hers(她的……)
its(它的)
its(它的……)
第一人称复数
our(我们的)
ours(我们的……)
第二人称复数
your(你们的)
yours(你们的……)
第三人称复数
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的……)
记忆窍门:名词性物主代词除了“my→mine”“her→hers”有变化外,其余多是在形容词性物主代词末尾加 -s(his和its本身已带s,保持不变)。
3. 物主代词的用法(重点)
(1)形容词性物主代词
起形容词的作用,只能置于名词之前作定语,不能单独使用,也不能替代名词。
· This is my book. 这是我的书。
· Her mother is a doctor. 她的妈妈是医生。
· I like their school. 我喜欢他们的学校。
注意:形容词性物主代词后面必须跟名词,否则错误。如不能说“This is my.”
(2)名词性物主代词
相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”,后面不能再接名词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。
· 作主语:Mine is on the desk. 我的(书)在桌子上。
· 作宾语:I like hers. 我喜欢她的(书)。
· 作表语:This book is mine. 这本书是我的。
(3)两类物主代词的对应关系
凡是用了名词性物主代词的地方,都可以理解为省略了后面的名词。判断依据是:看后面有没有名词——有名词用形容词性,没有名词用名词性。
(4)使用口诀
“形代后面跟名词,名代后面空无一。
名代可作主宾表,形代只能做定语。”
二、中考分层练习题(共30题)
🔵 基础篇(第1-10题)
1. This is ________ book. I like it very much.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
2. This book is ________. It belongs to me.
A. my B. mine C. me D. I
3. ________ school is very big and beautiful.
A. We B. Our C. Ours D. Us
4. —Is this ________ pen? —Yes, it’s mine.
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
5. The blue jacket is ________.
A. her B. hers C. she D. his
6. These are ________ desks. Those are ________.
A. our; your B. our; yours C. ours; your D. ours; yours
7. This is not my dog. ________ is black.
A. My B. Me C. Mine D. I
8. She is ________ teacher. We all like her.
A. we B. our C. ours D. us
9. —Whose bike is this? —It’s ________.
A. his B. he C. him D. himself
10. I have a cat. ________ name is Mimi.
A. It B. It’s C. Its D. Hers
提高篇(第11-20题)
11. This is not my coat. ________ is over there.
A. My B. Me C. Mine D. I
12. We love ________ country. Do you love ________?
A. our; your B. ours; yours C. our; yours D. ours; your
13. These apples are ________. Please take ________ to your mother.
A. your; them B. yours; they C. yours; them D. your; they
14. My room is smaller than ________.
A. her B. hers C. she D. herself
15. She is a friend of ________. We often play together.
A. my B. me C. mine D. I
16. Is this ________ backpack? No, it’s not ________.
A. your; my B. yours; mine C. your; mine D. yours; my
17. Our school is bigger than ________.
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
18. I can’t find my ruler. Can I use ________?
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
19. ________ desks are clean, but ________ are dirty.
A. Their; our B. Theirs; ours C. Their; ours D. Theirs; our
20. This beautiful dress is ________, not ________.
A. her; my B. hers; mine C. her; mine D. hers; my
🔴 挑战篇(第21-30题)
21. ________ the weather like today? ________ cloudy.
A. What’s; It’s B. How’s; Its C. What’s; Its D. How’s; It’s
22. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, and ________ is a doctor.
A. other B. the other C. another D. others
23. This is my dictionary. ________ is in the bag.
A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Yourself
24. The white car is ________. It’s ________ car.
A. their; theirs B. theirs; their C. they; their D. theirs; theirs
25. She is not ________ sister. She is ________.
A. my; his B. mine; his C. my; him D. mine; him
26. The dog is very cute. ________ name is Doudou. ________ is very smart.
A. It’s; It B. Its; It C. It; Its D. Its; It’s
27. We all like ________ new teacher. Do you like ________?
A. our; her B. ours; her C. our; she D. ours; she
28. Is this red pen ________ or ________?
A. your; his B. yours; his C. yours; him D. your; him
29. I lost my phone. Could you lend me ________?
A. your B. yours C. you D. yourself
30. —Whose books are these? —They are ________. ________ are on the desk.
A. our; Theirs B. ours; Their C. ours; Theirs D. our; Their
1
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物主代词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、物主代词语法梳理 1
1. 什么是物主代词? 1
2. 物主代词的构成 1
3. 物主代词的用法(重点) 1
二、中考分层练习题(共30题) 2
基础篇(第1-10题) 2
提高篇(第11-20题) 4
挑战篇(第21-30题) 5
一、物主代词语法梳理
1. 什么是物主代词?
物主代词是用来表示所有关系(即“谁的”)的代词,相当于名词所有格的作用。例如“我的书”“你的书包”中的“我的”“你的”就是物主代词。
2. 物主代词的构成
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两类,两者之间存在一一对应的关系:
人称
形容词性物主代词(后接名词)
名词性物主代词(= 形容词性物主代词 + 名词)
第一人称单数
my(我的)
mine(我的……)
第二人称单数
your(你的)
yours(你的……)
第三人称单数
his(他的)
his(他的……)
her(她的)
hers(她的……)
its(它的)
its(它的……)
第一人称复数
our(我们的)
ours(我们的……)
第二人称复数
your(你们的)
yours(你们的……)
第三人称复数
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的……)
记忆窍门:名词性物主代词除了“my→mine”“her→hers”有变化外,其余多是在形容词性物主代词末尾加 -s(his和its本身已带s,保持不变)。
3. 物主代词的用法(重点)
(1)形容词性物主代词
起形容词的作用,只能置于名词之前作定语,不能单独使用,也不能替代名词。
· This is my book. 这是我的书。
· Her mother is a doctor. 她的妈妈是医生。
· I like their school. 我喜欢他们的学校。
注意:形容词性物主代词后面必须跟名词,否则错误。如不能说“This is my.”
(2)名词性物主代词
相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”,后面不能再接名词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。
· 作主语:Mine is on the desk. 我的(书)在桌子上。
· 作宾语:I like hers. 我喜欢她的(书)。
· 作表语:This book is mine. 这本书是我的。
(3)两类物主代词的对应关系
凡是用了名词性物主代词的地方,都可以理解为省略了后面的名词。判断依据是:看后面有没有名词——有名词用形容词性,没有名词用名词性。
(4)使用口诀
“形代后面跟名词,名代后面空无一。
名代可作主宾表,形代只能做定语。”
二、中考分层练习题(共30题)
🔵 基础篇(第1-10题)
1. This is ________ book. I like it very much.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
答案:C
解析: 空格后有名词“book”,需要用形容词性物主代词作定语。“my”表示“我的”,符合题意。“I”和“me”是人称代词,“mine”是名词性物主代词(后面不能再接名词)。
2. This book is ________. It belongs to me.
A. my B. mine C. me D. I
答案:B
解析: 空格后没有名词,需要用名词性物主代词作表语。“mine”= my book,表示“我的(书)”。
3. ________ school is very big and beautiful.
A. We B. Our C. Ours D. Us
答案:B
解析: 空格后有名词“school”,需用形容词性物主代词“Our”作定语。“We”和“Us”是人称代词,“Ours”是名词性物主代词(后面不接名词)。
4. —Is this ________ pen? —Yes, it’s mine.
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
答案:B
解析: 空格后有名词“pen”,需用形容词性物主代词“your”。后文“mine”提示问的是“你的钢笔”。
5. The blue jacket is ________.
A. her B. hers C. she D. his
答案:B
解析: 空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词作表语。根据“blue jacket”(女式常用),选“hers”= her jacket。注意“his”也可作名词性物主代词,但指男性,这里无性别提示,最佳为hers。
6. These are ________ desks. Those are ________.
A. our; your B. our; yours C. ours; your D. ours; yours
答案:B
解析: 第一空后有名词“desks”,用形容词性“our”;第二空后无名词,用名词性“yours”(= your desks)。
7. This is not my dog. ________ is black.
A. My B. Me C. Mine D. I
答案:C
解析: 空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词作主语。“Mine”= my dog,表示“我的(狗)”。
8. She is ________ teacher. We all like her.
A. we B. our C. ours D. us
答案:B
解析: 空格后有名词“teacher”,需用形容词性物主代词“our”作定语。“ours”是名词性物主代词,不能修饰名词。
9. —Whose bike is this? —It’s ________.
A. his B. he C. him D. himself
答案:A
解析: 空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词作表语。“his”既是形容词性也是名词性物主代词,此处表示“他的(自行车)”。
10. I have a cat. ________ name is Mimi.
A. It B. It’s C. Its D. Hers
答案:C
解析: 空格后有名词“name”,需用形容词性物主代词“Its”作定语,表示“它的”。注意“It’s”是“It is”的缩写,不能作定语。
提高篇(第11-20题)
11. This is not my coat. ________ is over there.
A. My B. Me C. Mine D. I
答案:C
解析: 空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词作主语。“Mine”= my coat,与前文“my coat”形成对比。
12. We love ________ country. Do you love ________?
A. our; your B. ours; yours C. our; yours D. ours; your
答案:C
解析: 第一空后有名词“country”,用形容词性“our”;第二空后无名词(省略了country),用名词性“yours”(= your country)。
13. These apples are ________. Please take ________ to your mother.
A. your; them B. yours; they C. yours; them D. your; they
答案:C
解析: 第一空后无名词,用名词性物主代词“yours”作表语;第二空作“take”的宾语,用人称代词宾格“them”代替“apples”。
14. My room is smaller than ________.
A. her B. hers C. she D. herself
答案:B
解析: 比较级“than”后面需用名词性物主代词“hers”(= her room),与“My room”进行对比。注意“her”是形容词性或宾格,此处不合适。
15. She is a friend of ________. We often play together.
A. my B. me C. mine D. I
答案:C
解析: 本题考查“双重所有格”结构。“a friend of + 名词性物主代词”表示“我的一位朋友”,即“my friends”中的一位。只能用“mine”。
16. Is this ________ backpack? No, it’s not ________.
A. your; my B. yours; mine C. your; mine D. yours; my
答案:C
解析: 第一空后有名词“backpack”,用形容词性“your”;第二空后无名词,用名词性“mine”作表语。
17. Our school is bigger than ________.
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
答案:D
解析: 比较级中“than”后需用名词性物主代词“theirs”(= their school),与“Our school”对比。“their”是形容词性,后面必须接名词。
18. I can’t find my ruler. Can I use ________?
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
答案:C
解析: 空格后无名词,作“use”的宾语,用名词性物主代词“yours”(= your ruler)。表示“我能用你的(尺子)吗?”
19. ________ desks are clean, but ________ are dirty.
A. Their; our B. Theirs; ours C. Their; ours D. Theirs; our
答案:C
解析: 第一空后有名词“desks”,用形容词性“Their”;第二空后无名词,用名词性“ours”(= our desks)。
20. This beautiful dress is ________, not ________.
A. her; my B. hers; mine C. her; mine D. hers; my
答案:B
解析: 两空后均无名词,都用名词性物主代词。“hers”= her dress,“mine”= my dress,作表语。
🔴 挑战篇(第21-30题)
21. ________ the weather like today? ________ cloudy.
A. What’s; It’s B. How’s; Its C. What’s; Its D. How’s; It’s
答案:A
解析: 本题考查“its”与“it’s”的区分。“What’s”是“What is”的缩写,问天气;第二空用“It’s”(It is)作主谓结构,不能用形容词性物主代词“Its”。
22. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, and ________ is a doctor.
A. other B. the other C. another D. others
答案:B
解析: 本题考查不定代词(非物主代词),但属于常见混淆点。这里“the other”指两者中的另一个,与物主代词无关,但作为拓展题提醒学生分辨。
23. This is my dictionary. ________ is in the bag.
A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Yourself
答案:B
解析: 空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词作主语。“Yours”= your dictionary,与前文“my dictionary”对应。
24. The white car is ________. It’s ________ car.
A. their; theirs B. theirs; their C. they; their D. theirs; theirs
答案:B
解析: 第一空后无名词,用名词性“theirs”作表语;第二空后有名词“car”,用形容词性“their”作定语。
25. She is not ________ sister. She is ________.
A. my; his B. mine; his C. my; him D. mine; him
答案:A
解析: 第一空后有名词“sister”,用形容词性“my”;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词“his”(= his sister)作表语。
26. The dog is very cute. ________ name is Doudou. ________ is very smart.
A. It’s; It B. Its; It C. It; Its D. Its; It’s
答案:B
解析: 第一空后有名词“name”,用形容词性物主代词“Its”作定语;第二空作主语,用人称代词主格“It”指代“The dog”。
27. We all like ________ new teacher. Do you like ________?
A. our; her B. ours; her C. our; she D. ours; she
答案:A
解析: 第一空后有名词“teacher”,用形容词性“our”;第二空作“like”的宾语,指代女老师,用人称代词宾格“her”。
28. Is this red pen ________ or ________?
A. your; his B. yours; his C. yours; him D. your; him
答案:B
解析: 两空后均无名词,都用名词性物主代词。“yours”= your pen,“his”= his pen,作表语。“him”是人称代词宾格,不能表示所有关系。
29. I lost my phone. Could you lend me ________?
A. your B. yours C. you D. yourself
答案:B
解析: 空格后无名词,作“lend”的直接宾语,用名词性物主代词“yours”(= your phone),表示“把你的(手机)借给我”。
30. —Whose books are these? —They are ________. ________ are on the desk.
A. our; Theirs B. ours; Their C. ours; Theirs D. our; Their
答案:C
解析: 第一空后无名词,用名词性“ours”作表语(= our books);第二空后无名词,用名词性“Theirs”作主语(= Their books),指代“他们的书”。
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