Unit 7 The natural world Reading课文要点讲义2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦“Unit 7 The natural world”阅读板块，核心知识点涵盖生态系统的定义（包含区域内所有生物与非生物）、不同类型生态系统（海洋、湿地、森林）的特点及作用（如海洋为地球“心脏”、湿地为“肾脏”、森林为“肺”）。知识点脉络从生态系统基本概念出发，逐步展开具体类型的功能描述，学习支架包括重点词汇讲解（如include, balance, produce）、例句填空、中英短语互译及综合练习（句子填空、单选、选词填空）。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过词汇例句填空和短语互译提升学生语言理解与表达能力，课文复述练习（如用balance, ocean等词整合生态系统作用）促进逻辑梳理与信息概括。多样练习设计既辅助教师课中高效授课，又便于学生课后通过分层练习巩固知识，查漏补缺，培养主动学习策略。

Unit 7 The natural world Reading 【课文要点】 1. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. P93 生态系统包括一个区域内所有有生命的和无生命的事物。 - include v. 包括，包含 - living adj. 有生命的，活的 - non-living adj. 无生命的 - area n. 区域，地区 - e.g. An ecosystem ____________ all the living and non-living things in an area. 2. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands. P93 生态系统可以有不同的大小，从小池塘到大草原。 - size n. 大小，尺寸 - pond n. 池塘 - grassland n. 草原，草地 - e.g. Ecosystems can be of different ____________. 3. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. P93 每个生态系统都发挥着作用，有助于维持其所有成员与更大环境之间的平衡。 - role n. 角色，作用 - play a role 发挥作用 - balance n. 平衡 - member n. 成员 - greater adj. 更大的（great的比较级） - environment n. 环境 - e.g. Each ecosystem has a ____________ to play. - e.g. It helps keep the ____________ between all its members and the greater environment. 4. The ocean is a very large ecosystem on earth. It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth‘s oxygen. P93 海洋是地球上非常大的生态系统。它覆盖了地球表面约71%的面积，并产生了地球上约70%的氧气。 - ocean n. 海洋 - cover v. 覆盖 - surface n. 表面 - produce v. 生产，产生 - oxygen n. 氧气 - e.g. The ocean ____________ around 71% of the earth’s surface. - e.g. It ____________ about 70% of the earth‘s oxygen. 5. It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. P93 它拥有大量的咸水，水升到天空，降落到陆地，然后返回海洋。 - hold v. 容纳，持有 - plenty of 大量的，充足的 - salt water 咸水 - rise v. 上升（过去式 rose） - return to 返回，回到 - e.g. It ____________ plenty of salt water. - e.g. The water ____________ to the sky, falls onto the land and then ____________ to the ocean. 6. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth. P93 这个过程周而复始，所以海洋就像地球的“心脏”。 - go on and on 持续不断，周而复始 - just like 就像 - heart n. 心脏 - e.g. This ____________ ____________ ____________, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth. 7. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth‘s land area. P94 湿地只覆盖地球陆地面积的大约6%。 - wetland n. 湿地 - land area 陆地面积 - e.g. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s ____________ ____________. 8. But they are home to around 40% of all the types of plants and animals. P94 但它们是大约40%动植物物种的家园。 - be home to 是……的家园 - e.g. They are ____________ ____________ around 40% of all the types of plants and animals. 9. Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. P94 湿地中的植物有助于清除污染，使水变得干净。 - get rid of 摆脱，清除 - pollution n. 污染 - make + 宾语 + 形容词 使……变得…… - e.g. Plants in wetlands help ____________ ____________ of pollution and make the water clean. 10. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. During heavy rains, wetlands store water like huge sponges. P94 湿地还能帮助预防洪水。在大雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 - prevent v. 防止，预防 - flood n. 洪水 - heavy rain 大雨 - store v. 储存 - sponge n. 海绵 - e.g. Wetlands can help ____________ floods. - e.g. Wetlands ____________ water like huge sponges. 11. They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. P94 它们起着地球“肾脏”的作用。 - act like 起……作用，像……一样 - kidney n. 肾脏 - e.g. They ____________ like the “kidneys” of the earth. 12. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth‘s land area. P94 森林约占地球陆地面积的三分之一。 - forest n. 森林 - make up 组成，构成 - nearly adv. 几乎，将近 - a third 三分之一 - e.g. Forests ____________ ____________ nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 13. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. P94 那里的植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。 - take in 吸收，吸入 - carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 - e.g. Plants there ____________ ____________ carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. 14. They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. P94 它们还在叶片中截留有害物质，帮助净化空气。 - trap v. 困住，截留 - harmful adj. 有害的 - e.g. They also ____________ harmful things in their leaves. 15. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. P94 因此，人们常常称森林为地球的“肺”。 - therefore adv. 因此，所以 - lung n. 肺 - e.g. People often call forests the “____________” of the earth. 16. Each of these ecosystems supports millions of plants and animals. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a better place. P94 这些生态系统中的每一个都支撑着数百万种动植物。它们保持地球的健康，使我们的世界变得更美好。 - support v. 支撑，维持 - millions of 数百万的 - planet n. 行星，地球 - keep + 宾语 + 形容词 保持……处于……状态 - e.g. Each of these ecosystems ____________ millions of plants and animals. - e.g. They ____________ the planet healthy and make our world a better place. 【重点短语汇总】中英互译 1. living and non-living things __________ 2. __________ 有生命和无生命的事物 3. of different sizes __________ 4. __________ 不同大小的 5. play a role __________ 6. __________ 发挥作用 7. keep the balance __________ 8. __________ 保持平衡 9. cover the surface __________ 10. __________ 覆盖表面 11. produce oxygen __________ 12. __________ 产生氧气 13. plenty of __________ 14. __________ 大量的 15. salt water __________ 16. __________ 咸水 17. go on and on __________ 18. __________ 持续不断 19. land area __________ 20. __________ 陆地面积 21. get rid of __________ 22. __________ 摆脱，清除 23. prevent floods __________ 24. __________ 防止洪水 25. heavy rains __________ 26. __________ 大雨 27. store water __________ 28. __________ 储存水 29. make up __________ 30. __________ 组成，构成 31. a third of __________ 32. __________ 三分之一 33. take in __________ 34. __________ 吸收 35. carbon dioxide __________ 36. __________ 二氧化碳 37. trap harmful things __________ 38. __________ 截留有害物质 39. millions of __________ 40. __________ 数百万的 【综合练习】 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 生态系统包括一个区域内所有有生命的和无生命的事物。 An ecosystem ____________ all the living and ____________ things in an area. 2. 每个生态系统都发挥着作用，帮助维持平衡。 Each ecosystem has a ____________ to play and helps keep the ____________. 3. 海洋覆盖了地球表面约71%的面积。 The ocean ____________ around 71% of the earth‘s ____________. 4. 海洋产生了地球上约70%的氧气。 The ocean ____________ about 70% of the earth’s ____________. 5. 湿地中的植物有助于清除污染。 Plants in wetlands help ____________ ____________ of pollution. 6. 湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 Wetlands ____________ water like huge ____________. 7. 森林约占地球陆地面积的三分之一。 Forests ____________ ____________ nearly a third of the earth‘s land area. 8. 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳。 Plants ____________ ____________ carbon dioxide from the air. 9. 人们常常称森林为地球的“肺”。 People often ____________ forests the “____________” of the earth. 10. 它们保持地球的健康，使我们的世界变得更美好。 They ____________ the planet healthy and make our world a ____________ place. 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an ________. A. world B. area C. earth D. place ( ) 2. The ocean covers ________ 71% of the earth‘s surface. A. around B. about C. nearly D. all of the above ( ) 3. The ocean produces about 70% of the earth’s ________. A. oxygen B. carbon dioxide C. nitrogen D. hydrogen ( ) 4. Wetlands cover about ________ of the earth‘s land area. A. 6% B. 40% C. 71% D. 30% ( ) 5. Plants in wetlands help get rid of ________. A. oxygen B. pollution C. carbon dioxide D. floods ( ) 6. Wetlands store water like huge ________. A. rocks B. sponges C. lungs D. hearts ( ) 7. Forests make up nearly a ________ of the earth’s land area. A. half B. quarter C. third D. fourth ( ) 8. Plants ________ carbon dioxide from the air. A. take in B. take out C. take off D. take away ( ) 9. People often call forests the ________ of the earth. A. “heart” B. “kidneys” C. “lungs” D. “brain” ( ) 10. The ocean is just like the “________” of the earth. A. heart B. kidneys C. lungs D. brain 三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的单词填空，注意形式变化） | include | cover | produce | hold | rise | return | prevent | store | trap | 1. An ecosystem ____________ all the living and non-living things. 2. The ocean ____________ around 71% of the earth‘s surface. 3. The ocean ____________ about 70% of the earth’s oxygen. 4. It ____________ plenty of salt water. 5. The water ____________ to the sky and then ____________ to the ocean. 6. Wetlands help ____________ floods. 7. Wetlands ____________ water like huge sponges. 8. Plants ____________ harmful things in their leaves. 四、选词填空（课文复述） | wetlands | forests | ocean | oxygen | heart | kidneys | lungs | balance | An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the (1) ____________. The (2) ____________ is a very large ecosystem. It covers around 71% of the earth‘s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s (3) ____________. The water goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the (4) ____________ of the earth. (5) ____________ cover about 6% of the earth‘s land area. They help get rid of pollution and prevent floods. They act like the (6) ____________ of the earth. (7) ____________ make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. They take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. People often call them the (8) ____________ of the earth. 【答案】 一、 1. includes, non-living 2. role, balance 3. covers, surface 4. produces, oxygen 5. get rid 6. store, sponges 7. make up 8. take in 9. call, lungs 10. keep, better 二、 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A 三、 1. includes 2. covers 3. produces 4. holds 5. rises, returns 6. prevent 7. store 8. trap 四、 1. balance 2. ocean 3. oxygen 4. heart 5. Wetlands 6. kidneys 7. Forests 8. lungs 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $