精品解析：上海市同济中学2024-2025学年第二学期4月高三年级模拟质量调研英语学科试卷

上海市同济中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研 英语学科试卷 (考试时间 105分钟 试卷满分 115分) 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Digitally Preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage Around the world, traditional crafts, rituals, and oral traditions are disappearing at an alarming rate. According to UNESCO, a language ___1___ (die) approximately every two weeks, taking with it irreplaceable cultural knowledge. In response to this crisis, a growing number of cultural institutions are turning to digital technology as a means of preservation. The process, ___2___ involves using 3D scanning, high-definition video, and virtual reality, allows researchers to create detailed digital records of cultural practices before they vanish. In Japan, for example, master potters ___3___ (record) using motion-capture technology so that future generations can study their exact hand movements. Similarly, in Peru, indigenous communities are working with anthropologists to digitally archive their traditional weaving techniques, ___4___ (ensure) that these skills are not lost forever. What makes these digital archives particularly valuable is ___5___ they capture not just the physical artifact but the entire cultural context surrounding it. A digital record of a traditional dance, for instance, might include the music, the costumes, the ceremonial significance, and interviews with the performers — something ___6___ a simple photograph could never achieve. However, the approach is not without controversy. Some cultural groups argue that ___7___ (digitize) sacred rituals strips them of their spiritual significance and turns living traditions into museum exhibits. There are also practical concerns: once cultural knowledge is stored digitally,___8___ owns it? These questions, ___9___ remain largely unresolved, will require careful negotiation between technology companies, governments, and indigenous communities. Despite these challenges, digital preservation offers perhaps the best hope for safeguarding the world’s intangible cultural heritage. As one archivist noted, “We cannot save everything, ____10____ we can ensure that future generations at least have a record of what was once practiced and valued.” 【答案】1. dies 2. which 3. have been recorded##are being recorded 4. ensuring 5. that 6. that 7. digitizing 8. who 9. which 10. but 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍数字技术可记录濒危非物质文化遗产，完整留存其文化内涵，但也存在消解神圣性、权属不明等争议，仍是保护非遗的最佳方式之一。 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：据联合国教科文组织称，大约每两周就会有一种语言消亡，随之带走的是不可替代的文化知识。根据后文every two weeks可知为一般现在时，主语为language，谓语用三单形式。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该过程利用3D扫描、高清视频和虚拟现实技术，使研究人员能够在文化实践消失之前，创建其详细的数字记录。引导非限定性定语从句，指代the process，作从句主语用which。 【3题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：例如在日本，已记录或正在记录陶艺大师使用动作捕捉技术，以便后代能够研究他们精确的手部动作。主语master potters与谓语构成被动关系，此处可理解为正在发生用现在进行时的被动语态；或理解为过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同样，在秘鲁，原住民社区正与人类学家合作，将他们的传统编织技艺数字化存档，以确保这些技能不会永远消失。此处ensure与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 【5题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这些数字档案之所以特别珍贵，是因为它们不仅记录了实物本身，还完整地捕捉了其周围的文化背景。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分或句意，故用that。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：例如，一段传统舞蹈的数字记录可能包括音乐、服装、仪式意义以及对表演者的采访——而这些是普通照片永远无法实现的。不定代词something在定语从句中作主语，用that引导。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一些文化群体认为，将神圣仪式数字化会剥夺其精神意义，使活态传统沦为博物馆展品。作主语用动名词形式。 【8题详解】 考查疑问词。句意：此外，还存在实际问题：一旦文化知识被数字化存储，谁来拥有它？此处为特殊疑问句，询问“谁拥有这份数字资料”用who。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些问题至今仍未得到妥善解决，需要科技公司、政府和原住民社区之间进行细致的协商。引导非限定性定语从句，指代These questions，从句缺少主语，故用which。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：正如一位档案管理员所指出的：“我们无法保存一切，但可以确保后代至少能留存下曾经被实践和珍视的事物。”前后转折，我们无法保全一切，但能留下记录用连词but。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. cognitive B. delay C. profound D. navigate E. retain F. enhance G. multilingual H. equipped I. flexibility J. acquire K. decline The ability to speak multiple languages has long been valued for its practical benefits in travel and career. However, recent neuroscience research suggests that the advantages of bilingualism and multilingualism extend far deeper than convenience — they fundamentally reshape the brain in ways that ____11____ cognitive performance across the entire lifespan. One of the most remarkable findings is that ____12____ individuals show a significant delay in the onset of dementia symptoms. A landmark study involving 684 participants found that those who spoke four or more languages developed Alzheimer's disease an average of five years later than monolinguals. This protective effect suggests that managing multiple language systems creates a ____13____reserve that keeps the brain resilient even as it ages. The mechanism behind this advantage is believed to be the constant mental ____14____ required to switch between languages. Every time a multilingual speaker chooses the correct word in the right language while suppressing alternatives, they exercise the brain's executive control system. Over decades, this daily workout strengthens neural connections and builds ____15____cognitive reserves that protect the brain from age-related decline. Children raised in bilingual households also demonstrate measurable advantages. They tend to outperform monolingual peers on tasks that require attention control and mental switching — abilities that are essential for academic success. By the time they reach school age, these children are better ____16____ to filter out distractions and focus on what matters. Critics sometimes argue that learning multiple languages may confuse children and ____17____ their language development. However, decades of research have thoroughly disproven this concern. In reality, bilingual children typically ____18____ vocabulary at the same rate as their monolingual peers, and any slight differences in vocabulary size within each individual language are far outweighed by the cognitive advantages that bilingual children ____19____ throughout their lives. As globalization continues to bring cultures into closer contact, the case for multilingual education grows stronger. In an interconnected world, the ability to ____20____ between languages and cultural perspectives is not just an academic advantage — it is an essential skill for global citizenship. 【答案】11. F 12. G 13. A 14. I 15. C 16. H 17. B 18. J 19. E 20. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了掌握多种语言不只是便于出行工作，还能重塑大脑、延缓老年痴呆，提升专注力。多语学习不会阻碍儿童语言发展，是重要的全球化素养。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，最近的神经科学研究表明，双语和多语能力的优势远不止于便利性——它们从根本上重塑大脑结构，从而在人的一生中全面提升认知表现。根据“cognitive performance across the entire lifespan”以及句意“提升”可知应填动词enhance，先行词为ways，谓语用原形。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最引人注目的发现之一是，多语言者在出现痴呆症状方面有显著的延迟。根据“the advantages of bilingualism and multilingualism extend far deeper than convenience”以及句意“多语言”可知应填形容词multilingual，修饰名词individuals作定语。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种保护作用表明，掌握多种语言系统能够建立一种认知储备，使大脑在衰老过程中仍保持韧性。根据“that keeps the brain resilient even as it ages”以及句意“认知”可知应填形容词cognitive，修饰名词reserve作定语。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种优势背后的机制被认为是在不同语言之间切换所需的持续性思维灵活性性。根据“required to switch between languages”以及句意“灵活性”可知应填名词flexibility，作表语。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：几十年来，这种日常锻炼能够增强神经连接，并积累深厚的认知储备，从而保护大脑免受年龄相关衰退的影响。根据“cognitive reserves that protect the brain from age-related decline”以及句意“深厚的”可知应填形容词profound，修饰名词reserves。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：到他们进入学龄阶段时，这些孩子已经具备了更好地过滤干扰并专注于重要事物的能力。根据“to filter out distractions and focus on what matters”以及句意“具备”可知应填equipped，作表语。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：批评者有时认为，学习多种语言可能会使儿童感到困惑，并延缓他们的语言发展。根据“learning multiple languages may confuse children”以及句意“延缓”可知应填动词delay，且may后跟动词原形。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：实际上，双语儿童通常与单语同龄人以相同的速度掌握词汇量，而每种语言之间词汇量的微小差异，远远被双语儿童一生中所保留的认知优势所抵消。根据“vocabulary at the same rate as their monolingual peers”以及句意“掌握”可知应填动词acquire，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为children，谓语用原形。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：实际上，双语儿童通常与单语同龄人以相同的速度掌握词汇量，而每种语言之间词汇量的微小差异，远远被双语儿童一生中所保留的认知优势所抵消。根据“the cognitive advantages that bilingual children”以及句意“保留”可知应填动词retain，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为children，谓语用原形。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：在一个互联互通的世界中，掌握语言和文化视角之间的转换能力，不仅是一种学术优势，更是全球公民所必需的关键技能。根据“between languages and cultural perspectives”以及句意“自如切换”可知应填动词navigate，此处为不定式作定语修饰名词ability。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When Marco arrived in Shanghai from a small town in northern Italy, he carried little more than a suitcase and a head full of expectations — many of which proved wildly ____21____. He had imagined China as a land of ancient temples and silent tea ceremonies; what greeted him instead was a city of dazzling skyscrapers, relentless energy, and digital payments for everything, including a single bottle of water from a street vendor. The first month was a blur of ____22____. Every interaction — ordering food, asking for directions, even greeting neighbors — required enormous mental effort. Marco had studied Mandarin for two years before his arrival, but the ____23____ between textbook Chinese and the rapid-fire Shanghai dialect left him feeling ____24____. He still remembers the embarrassment of accidentally telling a taxi driver he wanted to go to the "soup" instead of the "airport." Despite these early struggles, Marco was ____25____ to adapt. He made a rule for himself: speak only Chinese before noon, no matter how many ____26____ he made. He joined a local table tennis club, where his language skills improved dramatically through the simple necessity of communicating with teammates. His greatest ____27____, however, came from an unexpected source — his landlady, a retired schoolteacher who took it upon herself to correct his tones with the ____28____patience of someone who had spent decades in the classroom. By his sixth month, Marco began to notice subtle ____29____. He no longer had to mentally translate every sentence before speaking; the words simply came. He started dreaming in Chinese — a milestone that language learners often describe as the moment a language truly ____30____. He had also developed a deep appreciation for the cultural rhythms of his new home: the morning tai chi in the park, the lively bargaining at the wet market, the elaborate rituals of a proper Shanghai dinner. Looking back on his two-year stay, Marco believes the experience fundamentally changed him — not just linguistically but ____31____. Living in China taught him that true cultural understanding is not about memorizing facts but about becoming comfortable with ____32____. "In Italy, we have a saying: the world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page," he reflects. "But I would add that you cannot truly read a page unless you are willing to ____33____ with its language." Now back in Milan, Marco works for a company that facilitates trade between European and Chinese businesses, drawing daily on the cross-cultural skills he acquired abroad. The shy young man who once could not ____34____ a taxi now negotiates multi-million-euro contracts in flawless Mandarin. His story serves as a powerful reminder that the greatest growth often happens when we ____35____ ourselves into unfamiliar worlds and allow those worlds to reshape us. 21. A. accurate B. inaccurate C. reasonable D. modest 22. A. excitement B. boredom C. confusion D. satisfaction 23. A. similarity B. gap C. connection D. agreement 24. A. confident B. helpless C. motivated D. relaxed 25. A. reluctant B. determined C. unable D. forced 26. A. mistakes B. friends C. purchases D. plans 27. A. obstacle B. breakthrough C. misfortune D. distraction 28. A. limited B. endless C. impatient D. occasional 29. A. shifts B. difficulties C. regrets D. failures 30. A. takes root B. falls apart C. breaks down D. gives up 31. A. physically B. personally C. professionally D. temporarily 32. A. certainty B. uncertainty C. familiarity D. simplicity 33. A. struggle B. argue C. compete D. disagree 34. A. drive B. hail C. repair D. recognize 35. A. isolate B. immerse C. protect D. remove 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述意大利青年Marco在上海学习中文、融入当地并完成自我蜕变的经历。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：马可从意大利北部小镇来到上海时，只拎着一个行李箱，满心期待，而许多期待都被证实严重失实。A. accurate准确的；B. inaccurate不符合事实的；C. reasonable合理的；D. modest适度的。根据后文“He had imagined China as a land of ancient temples and silent tea ceremonies; what greeted him instead was a city of dazzling skyscrapers, relentless energy, and digital payments for everything, including a single bottle of water from a street vendor.”可知，他想象的和现实截然不同，期待并不准确。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：来到这里的第一个月，他满脑子都是困惑。A. excitement兴奋；B. boredom无聊；C. confusion困惑；D. satisfaction满足。根据下文“Every interaction — ordering food, asking for directions, even greeting neighbors — required enormous mental effort.”点餐、问路、打招呼都要耗费大量脑力，语言不通带来困扰，可知他内心十分迷茫困惑。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：马可来之前学了两年普通话，但课本汉语和语速飞快的上海方言之间的巨大差距让他感到手足无措。A. similarity相似；B. gap差距；C. connection联系；D. agreement一致。根据后文“between textbook Chinese and the rapid-fire Shanghai dialect”课本普通话和本地方言差异巨大，二者存在明显鸿沟。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：马可来之前学了两年普通话，但课本汉语和语速飞快的上海方言之间的巨大差距让他感到无助。A. confident自信的；B. helpless无助的；C. motivated有动力的；D. relaxed放松的。根据前文“Marco had studied Mandarin for two years before his arrival, but the—____between textbook Chinese and the rapid-fire Shanghai dialect left him”语言落差巨大，沟通困难，因此他会感到无助。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管初期困难重重，马可下定决心适应这里。A. reluctant不情愿的；B. determined坚定的；C. unable无法的；D. forced被迫的。根据后文“He made a rule for himself: speak only Chinese before noon, no matter how many ____he made.”他给自己定下只说中文的规矩、加入乒乓球俱乐部主动练习，可见他决心适应环境。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：他给自己定下规矩：中午之前只说中文，无论自己犯下多少错误。A. mistakes错误；B. friends朋友；C. purchases采购；D. plans计划。根据前文“He made a rule for himself: speak only Chinese before noon”可知，初学外语开口交流难免出现语言错误。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，他最大的突破来自一个意想不到的人——他的房东，一位退休教师。A. obstacle障碍；B. breakthrough突破；C. misfortune不幸；D. distraction干扰。根据后文“his landlady, a retired schoolteacher who took it upon herself to correct his tones”可知，房东耐心纠正他的声调，大幅提升了他的语言水平，这是语言学习上的重大突破。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位退休教师主动帮他纠正声调，拥有从教数十年之人无尽的耐心。A. limited有限的；B. endless无尽的；C. impatient不耐烦的；D. occasional偶尔的。根据后文“patience of someone who had spent decades in the classroom.”可知，从事数十年教学工作的老师，纠正发音时拥有充足、长久的耐心。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：到居住第六个月时，马可开始察觉到细微的转变。A. shifts转变，变化；B. difficulties困难；C. regrets遗憾；D. failures失败。根据后文“He no longer had to mentally translate every sentence before speaking; the words simply came”可知，写他不用逐句翻译、开始用中文做梦，都是语言能力出现的细微变化。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他开始用中文做梦——语言学习者常说这是一门语言真正扎根内心的标志。A. takes root扎根；B. falls apart崩溃；C. breaks down出故障；D. gives up放弃。根据前文“He started dreaming in Chinese — a milestone that language learners often describe as the moment”用该语言做梦代表语言真正融入自身，在心中扎根。 【31题详解】 考查副词。句意：回顾两年旅居时光，马可认为这段经历从根本上改变了他——不只是语言层面，更是个人层面。A. physically身体上地；B. personally个人层面上；C. professionally职业上地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据后文“Living in China taught him that true cultural understanding is not about memorizing facts but about becoming comfortable with _____.”可知，讲述他对文化、世界的认知发生改变，属于个人内在的改变。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：在中国生活让他明白，真正的文化理解不在于熟记知识，而是坦然接纳种种不确定。A. certainty确定；B. uncertainty不确定；C. familiarity熟悉；D. simplicity简单。根据常识可知，初到异国处处陌生、充满未知，适应文化就是接纳各种不确定。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：但我想补充一点，倘若不愿费力钻研当地语言，你永远读不懂这一页风土。A. struggle努力钻研、费劲应对；B. argue争论；C. compete竞争；D. disagree不同意。根据前文“you cannot truly read a page”可知，学习一门外语需要付出努力、苦苦钻研，struggle with sth.表示费力攻克某事。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：当年连打车都难以开口的腼腆青年，如今能用流利中文洽谈数百万欧元的合同。A. drive驾驶；B. hail招呼（出租车）；C. repair修理；D. recognize认出。根据后文“a taxi”可知，指打车。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：他的故事有力印证：人最大的成长，往往发生在我们沉浸于陌生环境、任由新环境重塑自我之时。A. isolate隔离；B. immerse使沉浸；C. protect保护；D. remove移除。根据后文“ourselves into unfamiliar worlds and allow those worlds to reshape us.”可知，指沉浸于陌生环境。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Museums in the Digital Age: Transformation or Survival? When the Louvre launched its first online virtual tour in 2020, more than ten million people visited the digital galleries within the first month — nearly twice the number of physical visitors the museum receives in an entire year. This staggering figure highlights a fundamental shift in how cultural institutions are reimagining their relationship with the public in the digital age. The transformation goes far beyond simply uploading photographs of artworks. Advanced museums are now deploying augmented reality that allows visitors to see ancient artifacts restored to their original colors, artificial intelligence that creates personalized tour routes based on individual interests, and immersive virtual reality experiences that transport users to historical moments. The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s “Met Unframed” initiative, for instance, enables smartphone users to place digital replicas of famous paintings in their own living rooms, effectively turning every home into a private gallery. Advocates of digital transformation argue that these innovations democratize access to culture. A student in rural India can now examine the brushstrokes of a Van Gogh painting in greater detail than a visitor standing behind a barrier in the physical museum. Digital archives also serve as a crucial safeguard against disaster: when the National Museum of Brazil was devastated by fire in 2018, digital records of many destroyed artifacts became the only surviving documentation of priceless cultural heritage. However, critics raise important concerns. Some worry that the convenience of digital access may reduce the motivation for physical museum visits, potentially undermining the financial model that sustains these institutions. Others argue that no digital reproduction can replicate the emotional impact of standing before an authentic artwork — the sense of awe that comes from proximity to something created by human hands centuries ago. The texture of a painting, the scale of a sculpture, the atmosphere of a historic building: these are dimensions that screens cannot convey. Perhaps the most productive approach is not to see digital and physical experiences as competitors but as complementary dimensions of a modern museum’s mission. As one museum director put it, “The digital experience should be a gateway, not a replacement. Its purpose is to spark curiosity that ultimately leads people through our physical doors.” In this vision, museums of the future will be hybrid institutions, using technology to extend their reach while preserving the irreplaceable power of authentic encounter. 36. What does the example of the Louvre’s virtual tour illustrate? A. Digital museums have completely replaced physical visits. B. Online museum experiences can attract enormous audiences. C. The Louvre is more popular online than any other museum. D. Physical museum attendance has been declining for years. 37. According to the passage, the “Met Unframed” initiative allows users to ________. A. create their own artworks using AI technology B. view digital replicas of paintings in their personal space C. take guided virtual tours led by museum curators D. purchase high-quality reproductions of famous artworks 38. The word “safeguard” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. replacement B. protection C. improvement D. exhibition 39. What is the author’s conclusion about the relationship between digital and physical museum experiences? A. Digital experiences will eventually replace physical visits entirely. B. Physical museums should resist digital transformation to preserve authenticity. C. Digital and physical experiences should complement each other. D. The financial model of museums must be completely restructured. 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】数字技术拓展博物馆受众，便于大众接触文物、留存文化遗产，但线上无法替代真品带来的真实震撼。作者认为线上线下相辅相成，数字体验是线下参观的引路桥梁。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When the Louvre launched its first online virtual tour in 2020, more than ten million people visited the digital galleries within the first month — nearly twice the number of physical visitors the museum receives in an entire year. This staggering figure highlights a fundamental shift in how cultural institutions are reimagining their relationship with the public in the digital age.(2020年，卢浮宫推出首个在线虚拟导览时，首月内就有超过一千万人参观了数字画廊——这一数字几乎是博物馆全年实际访客数量的两倍。这一惊人数据凸显了文化机构在数字时代重新构想与公众关系的根本性转变)”可知，卢浮宫虚拟导览的例子说明了在线博物馆体验能够吸引庞大的观众群体。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s “Met Unframed” initiative, for instance, enables smartphone users to place digital replicas of famous paintings in their own living rooms, effectively turning every home into a private gallery.(例如，大都会艺术博物馆的“Met Unframed”项目允许智能手机用户在自己的客厅中放置著名画作的数字复制品，从而将每个家庭都变成一个私人画廊)”可知，Met Unframed项目允许用户在个人空间内查看画作的数字复制品。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“when the National Museum of Brazil was devastated by fire in 2018, digital records of many destroyed artifacts became the only surviving documentation of priceless cultural heritage.( 2018年，巴西国家博物馆遭遇火灾损毁时，许多被毁文物的数字记录成为珍贵文化遗产中唯一留存的文献资料)”可知，数字档案可在灾难中留存文物资料，故划线词意思是“保护、防护”。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Perhaps the most productive approach is not to see digital and physical experiences as competitors but as complementary dimensions of a modern museum’s mission.(或许最有效的方法，不是将数字体验与实体体验视为竞争关系，而是将其视为现代博物馆使命中相互补充的两个维度)”可知，作者认为数字和实体体验应相互补充。 (B) The Quiet Disappearance of the World’s Dialects Every two weeks, the last speaker of a language dies, taking with them a unique way of understanding the world. While global attention often focuses on the extinction of plant and animal species, the parallel loss of linguistic diversity receives comparatively little notice. Yet by UNESCO’s count, more than 40% of the world’s approximately 7,000 languages are currently at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages. A farmer who moves from a village in Yunnan province to Kunming, for example, may switch from speaking a local Yi dialect to standard Mandarin within a single generation. Their children, born in the city, may never learn the ancestral language at all. The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific. Each language encodes specialized knowledge about local ecosystems, medicinal plants, and sustainable resource management that has been accumulated over thousands of years. When the last speaker of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia dies, for instance, centuries of knowledge about Andean medicinal plants — knowledge used by healer-priests for generations — will vanish with them. However, some communities are fighting back with remarkable creativity. In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today. Digital technology is also playing a role: smartphone apps now allow speakers of endangered languages to record vocabulary and grammar, creating living digital archives that can be passed to future generations. Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.” 40. According to the passage, what is the main cause of dialect disappearance? A. The rise of digital communication and social media. B. Urbanization and migration to cities. C. Government policies that ban regional languages. D. The natural evolution of all human languages over time. 41. Why does the author mention the Kallawaya language in paragraph 3? A. To illustrate that language loss also means the loss of specialized cultural knowledge. B. To argue that Bolivia has the highest rate of language extinction. C. To demonstrate that ancient languages are more complex than modern ones. D. To suggest that only South American languages are truly endangered. 42. What can be inferred about the Maori and Hawaiian language revitalization efforts? A. They have been largely unsuccessful despite significant funding. B. They rely primarily on government legislation rather than community action. C. They demonstrate that language loss can be reversed with sustained effort. D. They prove that digital technology is the only effective preservation method. 43. What is Dr. Harrison’s attitude toward the future of endangered languages? A. Deeply pessimistic and resigned to widespread language loss. B. Cautiously hopeful if communities and society invest in preservation. C. Completely confident that all endangered languages can be saved. D. Indifferent, viewing language loss as a natural historical process. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. C 43. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了城市化导致大量方言濒危，语言消亡会丢失生态医药等古老知识。多地通过沉浸式教学、数字存档复兴语言，语言学家认为投入保护就能扭转消亡趋势。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages.(这种语言消亡的主要原因是城市化。随着农村人口为寻求经济机会而迁往城市，他们往往放弃地方方言，转而使用占主导地位的城市语言)”可知，方言消失的主要原因是城市化和向城市迁移。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific.(损失不仅体现在语言上，更在于文化和科学层面)”可知，作者在第三段中提到卡拉瓦亚语为了说明语言的消亡也意味着专门文化知识的丧失。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today.(在新西兰，毛利语曾一度面临消失的危机，但通过建立“语言巢”（即由长者专门用毛利语与儿童交流的学前机构）等全面复兴措施，该语言已从濒临绝灭的边缘重新回归。在夏威夷，类似的沉浸式教育项目使流利掌握夏威夷语的人数从20世纪80年代的不足50人，增长到如今的超过1.8万人)”可知，毛利语和夏威夷语的复兴努力表明，通过持续的努力，语言流失是可以逆转的。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.”(语言学家K. 大卫·哈里森博士数十年来一直致力于记录濒危语言，他仍然持谨慎乐观的态度。“语言的消亡并非不可避免，”他指出，“我们已经看到，当一个社区意识到自己的语言重要，并获得资源来保护它时，逆转是可能的。问题在于，作为全球社会，我们是否足够重视语言多样性，从而投入资金去保障其存续。”)”可知，倘若社区与社会各界投入资源开展保护工作，前景尚可谨慎乐观。 (C) How Social Media Is Rewiring Our Reading Habits A decade ago, the typical person’s daily reading consisted of a morning newspaper, perhaps a chapter of a novel before bed, and various work-related documents in between. Today, that same person likely consumes tens of thousands of words per day — but in radically different forms: tweets, captions, notifications, headlines, and endless scrolls of short-form content. We are, by some measures, reading more than ever. But the question increasingly being asked by educators, psychologists, and neuroscientists is whether we are reading differently — and whether that difference matters. The evidence suggests it does. Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles have used brain imaging to compare the neural activity of people reading a novel versus those scrolling through social media feeds. Deep reading of narrative text activated brain regions associated with language processing, empathy, and complex reasoning. In contrast, skimming through social media primarily engaged areas linked to visual processing and rapid decision-making — the brain’s “scan and switch” mode. Maryanne Wolf, a cognitive neuroscientist at UCLA and author of “Reader, Come Home,” argues that the brain’s reading circuits are not fixed but plastic, shaped by the type of reading we practice. “We are training our brains to skim, to bounce from one piece of information to the next without ever diving deep,” she warns. “And the neural pathways for deep reading, if not regularly exercised, begin to weaken — just like an underused muscle.” The consequences extend beyond individual cognition. Long-form reading cultivates patience, the ability to follow complex arguments, and the capacity to inhabit perspectives different from one’s own — all qualities essential to a functioning democratic society. When citizens lose the habit of sustained, critical engagement with text, they may become more susceptible to misinformation and less capable of nuanced political reasoning. The solution, most experts agree, is not to abandon digital media but to cultivate a balanced reading diet. Just as nutritionists recommend a variety of foods for physical health, cognitive scientists increasingly advocate for a mix of reading modes: fast and slow, digital and print, skimming and deep diving. “The goal,” Wolf says, “is to develop a biliterate brain — one that can adapt its reading style to the demands of the task, moving fluidly between the rapid scanning suited to a news feed and the deep immersion required by a complex novel.” Whether our education systems and cultural habits can support this dual literacy remains an open and urgent question. 44. According to the UCLA brain imaging research, deep reading of narrative text primarily activates brain regions associated with ________. A. visual processing and rapid decision-making B. language processing, empathy, and complex reasoning C. motor coordination and physical movement D. short-term memory and pattern recognition 45. Maryanne Wolf compares the neural pathways for deep reading to ________. A. a computer processor that can be upgraded B. a muscle that weakens if not exercised C. a river that changes course over time D. a library that expands with each new book 46. What societal concern does the author raise about declining deep reading habits? A. People may spend more money on digital devices. B. Bookstores and libraries may eventually close down. C. Citizens may become more vulnerable to misinformation. D. Social media companies may gain too much political influence. 47. What does Wolf mean by a “biliterate brain”? A. A brain that can read in two different languages equally well. B. A brain capable of switching between skimming and deep reading as needed. C. A brain that prefers digital text over printed materials. D. A brain that can process information faster than the average reader. 【答案】44. B 45. B 46. C 47. B 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍社交媒体改变人们阅读习惯，通过研究说明深度阅读与刷社交软件对大脑的不同影响，提出平衡阅读方式的解决办法。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Deep reading of narrative text activated brain regions associated with language processing, empathy, and complex reasoning.(对叙事类文本的深度阅读激活了与语言处理、共情能力及复杂推理相关的大脑区域。)”可知，深度阅读叙事文本主要激活与语言处理、共情、复杂推理相关的大脑区域。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And the neural pathways for deep reading, if not regularly exercised, begin to weaken — just like an underused muscle. (而深度阅读对应的神经通路，若不经常加以运用，便会开始衰退——就像长期缺乏锻炼的肌肉一样。)”可知，玛丽安·沃尔夫将深度阅读的神经通路比作缺乏锻炼就会变弱的肌肉。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When citizens lose the habit of sustained, critical engagement with text, they may become more susceptible to misinformation and less capable of nuanced political reasoning.(当民众丧失持续、批判性研读文本的习惯时，他们会更容易受到虚假信息误导，也更难开展细致缜密的政治思辨。)”可知，深度阅读习惯衰退会让公民更容易被虚假信息误导，这是作者提出的社会层面担忧。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的““The goal,” Wolf says, “is to develop a biliterate brain — one that can adapt its reading style to the demands of the task, moving fluidly between the rapid scanning suited to a news feed and the deep immersion required by a complex novel.”(沃尔夫表示：“我们的目标是培养出具备双模读写能力的大脑 —— 这种大脑能够根据阅读任务的需求调整阅读模式，既能流畅切换适配资讯推送的快速浏览，也能完成复杂小说所需的深度沉浸式阅读。”)”可知，“双重读写大脑”指能根据需求在略读和深度阅读之间切换的大脑。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence chosen from the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Cultural Diversity in an Age of Globalization Globalization has connected the world in ways our grandparents could scarcely have imagined. Products, ideas, and cultural expressions now flow across borders with unprecedented speed. ___48___ On one hand, this exchange enriches societies with new foods, music, art forms, and perspectives; on the other, it raises concerns about cultural homogenization — the fear that local traditions and identities will be swallowed by a global monoculture. Critics of globalization often point to the spread of American fast-food chains, Hollywood movies, and English-language pop music as evidence of cultural imperialism. ___49___ In Japan, for example, baseball — an American import — has been thoroughly Japanized over more than a century, becoming intertwined with local values of discipline, teamwork, and respect. Similarly, South Korean pop music, or K-pop, borrows heavily from American hip-hop and electronic dance music but infuses these genres with distinctly Korean aesthetics and training systems. Moreover, globalization can actually revitalize local cultures rather than destroy them. When a traditional craft or performance gains international recognition, it often experiences a revival at home. ___50___ The global popularity of yoga is another example: while some lament its commercialization, the international interest has also funded the preservation of classical yoga traditions in India that might otherwise have declined. The key to maintaining cultural diversity in a globalized world may lie in what sociologists call “glocalization” — the adaptation of global influences to local contexts. ___51___ When communities feel secure in their cultural identity, they are more likely to engage with outside influences creatively rather than defensively. Ultimately, cultures have always borrowed from one another. What is different today is the speed and scale of the exchange, not the fundamental process. The challenge for the twenty-first century is not to stop cultural cross-pollination — an impossible task — but to ensure that the benefits of cultural exchange are shared equitably and that no culture is forced to sacrifice its identity in the process. A. This phenomenon recognizes that cultural exchange is never a one-way street but a process of creative adaptation. B. But history shows that cultures rarely adopt foreign influences wholesale without adapting them to local sensibilities. C. This has sparked an intense debate about whether cultural diversity is under threat. D. The economic benefits of cultural tourism have transformed many developing nations. E. For instance, the international fashion industry’s interest in traditional Chinese embroidery has led to a surge of young people in China learning this ancient craft. F. The disappearance of minority languages has accelerated dramatically in the last century. 【答案】48. C 49. B 50. E 51. A 【解析】 【导语】全球化加速文化互通，引发同质化担忧，但外来文化常被本土改造，还能复兴本土传统。“全球本土化” 是维系文化多元的关键，文化交流应兼顾各方特色。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Globalization has connected the world in ways our grandparents could scarcely have imagined. Products, ideas, and cultural expressions now flow across borders with unprecedented speed.(全球化以我们祖辈难以想象的方式连接了世界。产品、思想和文化表达如今以空前的速度跨越国界流动)”以及后文“On one hand, this exchange enriches societies with new foods, music, art forms, and perspectives; on the other, it raises concerns about cultural homogenization — the fear that local traditions and identities will be swallowed by a global monoculture.(一方面，这种交流为社会带来了新的食物、音乐、艺术形式和视角；另一方面，也引发了对文化同质化的担忧——人们担心本地的传统与身份会被全球单一文化所吞噬)”可知，前文介绍全球化下文化跨国流动加快，后文从正反两方面讨论全球化对文化的影响，C项“这引发了关于文化多样性是否正面临威胁的激烈争论”指出这一现象引发文化多样性是否受威胁的争论，承上启下，符合语境。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Critics of globalization often point to the spread of American fast-food chains, Hollywood movies, and English-language pop music as evidence of cultural imperialism.(批评全球化的人常常以美国快餐连锁店、好莱坞电影和英语流行音乐的传播为例，指出这是文化帝国主义的表现)”以及后文“In Japan, for example, baseball — an American import — has been thoroughly Japanized over more than a century, becoming intertwined with local values of discipline, teamwork, and respect. Similarly, South Korean pop music, or K-pop, borrows heavily from American hip-hop and electronic dance music but infuses these genres with distinctly Korean aesthetics and training systems.(例如在日本，棒球这种源自美国的运动已融入本土文化超过一个世纪，与当地的纪律、团队合作和尊重等价值观深度融合。同样，韩国流行音乐（K-pop）虽然大量借鉴了美国的嘻哈和电子舞曲，但又将这些音乐类型注入了鲜明的韩国美学和训练体系)”可知，前文阐述批评者对全球化文化帝国主义的指责，后文举例说明外来文化会被本土化改造，B项“但历史表明，文化很少会毫无保留地采纳外来影响，而是在此基础上进行本土化调整”转折指出文化不会全盘照搬外来影响，引出后文例证，符合逻辑。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Moreover, globalization can actually revitalize local cultures rather than destroy them. When a traditional craft or performance gains international recognition, it often experiences a revival at home.(此外，全球化实际上可能振兴本地文化，而非摧毁它们。当一种传统手工艺或表演获得国际认可时，往往也会在国内迎来复兴)”以及后文“The global popularity of yoga is another example: while some lament its commercialization, the international interest has also funded the preservation of classical yoga traditions in India that might otherwise have declined.(瑜伽的全球流行是另一个例子：尽管有人对其商业化表示遗憾，但国际关注也推动了印度古典瑜伽传统的保存，否则这些传统可能会逐渐衰落)”可知，前文提出全球化能激活复兴本土文化的观点，后文以瑜伽为例佐证，E项“例如，国际时尚产业对传统中国刺绣的兴趣，促使大量年轻人在中国学习这一古老技艺”以中国刺绣的复兴为例，契合前文观点，衔接自然。 【51题详解】 根据上文“The key to maintaining cultural diversity in a globalized world may lie in what sociologists call “glocalization” — the adaptation of global influences to local contexts.(在全球化世界中保持文化多样性的关键，或许在于社会学家所说的“全球本土化”——即将全球影响适应到本地语境之中)”以及后文“When communities feel secure in their cultural identity, they are more likely to engage with outside influences creatively rather than defensively.(当社区对其文化身份感到安全时，他们更有可能以创造性的方式与外界影响互动，而非采取防御性态度)”可知，前文引出“全球本土化”的概念，A项“这一现象表明，文化交流从来不是单向的，而是一个创造性适应的过程”对该概念进行解释，指出文化交流是创造性适应的过程，衔接下文内容，符合要求。 III. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 那位致力于保护传统手工艺的老人是我最敬重的人。(who) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The old man who is devoted to preserving traditional crafts is the person I respect most. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主句主语“那位老人”应用the old man，“致力于保护传统手工艺的”处理为修饰主语的定语从句，从句谓语“致力于”用be devoted to，“保护传统手工艺”用preserve traditional crafts，介词to后preserve用动名词形式，代替先行词the old man在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，who为单数意义，be用is；主句的谓语是is，表语是the person，“我最敬重的”处理为修饰person的定语从句，从句表达为I respect most，代替先行词person在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词who/whom/that，也可省略关系词。 53. 只有当我们真正理解不同文化背后的价值观时，才能实现有效的跨文化交流。(Only...) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Only when we truly understand the values behind different cultures can we achieve effective cross-cultural communication. 【解析】 【详解】根据“只有……才……”可知，本句可用“only+状语（从句）”位于句首的部分倒装结构，“当……”用when引导时间状语从句，位于only之后，从句主语“我们”为we，“真正”为truly，修饰谓语“理解”（understand），“不同文化背后的价值观”翻译为the values behind different cultures；主句中“能”用情态动词can，“实现”翻译为achieve，“有效的跨文化交流”翻译为effective cross-cultural communication。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。倒装时将主句中的can提到主句主语we之前。 54. 漫步在这座千年古镇中，游客们可以感受到深厚的历史气息。(非谓语) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Wandering through this thousand-year-old ancient town, visitors can feel a profound sense of history. 【解析】 【详解】“漫步”可翻译为wander，“在这座千年古镇中”应用介词through，翻译为through this thousand-year-old ancient town，“游客们”可翻译为visitors，“可以”用情态动词can，“感受到”可翻译为feel，“深厚的历史气息”可翻译为a profound sense of history。动作“漫步”的发出者是主语“游客（visitors）”，二者是主动关系，且“漫步”和“感受历史气息”两个动作同时发生，因此用现在分词形式作伴随状语，放在句首应大写首字母。 55. 如果更多年轻人选择学习方言而不是放弃它，这些宝贵的文化遗产就不会濒临失传。(if...would...) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If more young people chose to learn dialects instead of abandoning them, these precious cultural heritages would not be on the verge of extinction. 【解析】 【详解】“如果”是if ，引导条件状语从句 。“更多年轻人”表达为more young people ；“选择做某事”是choose to do sth.，这里是对现在情况的虚拟，从句要用一般过去时，choose的过去式为chose，“学习方言”即learn dialects”，所以“如果更多年轻人选择学习方言”译为If more young people chose to learn dialects；“而不是”表达为instead of ，后接动词 -ing形式 ，“放弃”是abandon，所以“而不是放弃它”是instead of abandoning them ，这里them指代dialects ；“这些宝贵的文化遗产”是these precious cultural heritages ；“濒临”表达为be on the verge of ，“失传”即“灭绝”，用extinction ，“不会濒临失传”用would not be on the verge of extinction ，主句对现在虚拟，用“would +动词原形”。 IV. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近年来，一些传统节日（如端午节、中秋节等）的庆祝方式正在发生变化。请以“Should Traditional Festivals Adapt to Modern Lifestyles?”为题，用英语写一篇短文，内容包括： 1. 简述传统节日在现代社会中面临的挑战； 2. 结合具体例子说明你认为传统节日是否应该适应现代生活； 3. 提出你的建议。 (注意：文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sample essay: Should Traditional Festivals Adapt to Modern Lifestyles? Traditional festivals face undeniable challenges in the modern world. The fast pace of urban life leaves little time for elaborate celebrations, and the cultural significance of many festivals is gradually fading among younger generations. For example, many young people view the Dragon Boat Festival simply as a day off rather than an occasion to honor the poet Qu Yuan and appreciate traditional customs. In my opinion, traditional festivals should adapt to modern lifestyles, but this adaptation must preserve their core cultural meaning. The Mid-Autumn Festival offers a good example: while families today may not gather in courtyards to admire the moon as they once did, they can still share mooncakes and connect via video calls with relatives far away. The form changes, but the essence — family reunion and togetherness — remains intact. I suggest that schools and communities play a more active role in teaching young people the stories and values behind traditional festivals. When we understand why we celebrate, we can find creative ways to keep these traditions alive in forms that resonate with contemporary life, ensuring that they continue to enrich our cultural identity for generations to come. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以“Should Traditional Festivals Adapt to Modern Lifestyles? ”为题写一篇短文，阐述传统节日在现代社会的挑战，结合实例表明节日是否应适配现代生活并给出相关建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 不可否认的：undeniable→indisputable 逐渐消失：fade→diminish 适应：adapt to→accommodate oneself to 引起共鸣：resonate with→strike a chord with 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Traditional festivals face undeniable challenges in the modern world. 拓展句：Traditional festivals are confronted with indisputable challenges in contemporary society. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】I suggest that schools and communities play a more active role in teaching young people the stories and values behind traditional festivals. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和虚拟语气) 【高分句型 2】When we understand why we celebrate, we can find creative ways to keep these traditions alive in forms that resonate with contemporary life, ensuring that they continue to enrich our cultural identity for generations to come. (运用when引导时间状语从句、that引导定语从句，现在分词ensuring作结果状语及that引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市同济中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研 英语学科试卷 (考试时间 105分钟 试卷满分 115分) 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Digitally Preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage Around the world, traditional crafts, rituals, and oral traditions are disappearing at an alarming rate. According to UNESCO, a language ___1___ (die) approximately every two weeks, taking with it irreplaceable cultural knowledge. In response to this crisis, a growing number of cultural institutions are turning to digital technology as a means of preservation. The process, ___2___ involves using 3D scanning, high-definition video, and virtual reality, allows researchers to create detailed digital records of cultural practices before they vanish. In Japan, for example, master potters ___3___ (record) using motion-capture technology so that future generations can study their exact hand movements. Similarly, in Peru, indigenous communities are working with anthropologists to digitally archive their traditional weaving techniques, ___4___ (ensure) that these skills are not lost forever. What makes these digital archives particularly valuable is ___5___ they capture not just the physical artifact but the entire cultural context surrounding it. A digital record of a traditional dance, for instance, might include the music, the costumes, the ceremonial significance, and interviews with the performers — something ___6___ a simple photograph could never achieve. However, the approach is not without controversy. Some cultural groups argue that ___7___ (digitize) sacred rituals strips them of their spiritual significance and turns living traditions into museum exhibits. There are also practical concerns: once cultural knowledge is stored digitally,___8___ owns it? These questions, ___9___ remain largely unresolved, will require careful negotiation between technology companies, governments, and indigenous communities. Despite these challenges, digital preservation offers perhaps the best hope for safeguarding the world’s intangible cultural heritage. As one archivist noted, “We cannot save everything, ____10____ we can ensure that future generations at least have a record of what was once practiced and valued.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. cognitive B. delay C. profound D. navigate E. retain F. enhance G. multilingual H. equipped I. flexibility J. acquire K. decline The ability to speak multiple languages has long been valued for its practical benefits in travel and career. However, recent neuroscience research suggests that the advantages of bilingualism and multilingualism extend far deeper than convenience — they fundamentally reshape the brain in ways that ____11____ cognitive performance across the entire lifespan. One of the most remarkable findings is that ____12____ individuals show a significant delay in the onset of dementia symptoms. A landmark study involving 684 participants found that those who spoke four or more languages developed Alzheimer's disease an average of five years later than monolinguals. This protective effect suggests that managing multiple language systems creates a ____13____reserve that keeps the brain resilient even as it ages. The mechanism behind this advantage is believed to be the constant mental ____14____ required to switch between languages. Every time a multilingual speaker chooses the correct word in the right language while suppressing alternatives, they exercise the brain's executive control system. Over decades, this daily workout strengthens neural connections and builds ____15____cognitive reserves that protect the brain from age-related decline. Children raised in bilingual households also demonstrate measurable advantages. They tend to outperform monolingual peers on tasks that require attention control and mental switching — abilities that are essential for academic success. By the time they reach school age, these children are better ____16____ to filter out distractions and focus on what matters. Critics sometimes argue that learning multiple languages may confuse children and ____17____ their language development. However, decades of research have thoroughly disproven this concern. In reality, bilingual children typically ____18____ vocabulary at the same rate as their monolingual peers, and any slight differences in vocabulary size within each individual language are far outweighed by the cognitive advantages that bilingual children ____19____ throughout their lives. As globalization continues to bring cultures into closer contact, the case for multilingual education grows stronger. In an interconnected world, the ability to ____20____ between languages and cultural perspectives is not just an academic advantage — it is an essential skill for global citizenship. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When Marco arrived in Shanghai from a small town in northern Italy, he carried little more than a suitcase and a head full of expectations — many of which proved wildly ____21____. He had imagined China as a land of ancient temples and silent tea ceremonies; what greeted him instead was a city of dazzling skyscrapers, relentless energy, and digital payments for everything, including a single bottle of water from a street vendor. The first month was a blur of ____22____. Every interaction — ordering food, asking for directions, even greeting neighbors — required enormous mental effort. Marco had studied Mandarin for two years before his arrival, but the ____23____ between textbook Chinese and the rapid-fire Shanghai dialect left him feeling ____24____. He still remembers the embarrassment of accidentally telling a taxi driver he wanted to go to the "soup" instead of the "airport." Despite these early struggles, Marco was ____25____ to adapt. He made a rule for himself: speak only Chinese before noon, no matter how many ____26____ he made. He joined a local table tennis club, where his language skills improved dramatically through the simple necessity of communicating with teammates. His greatest ____27____, however, came from an unexpected source — his landlady, a retired schoolteacher who took it upon herself to correct his tones with the ____28____patience of someone who had spent decades in the classroom. By his sixth month, Marco began to notice subtle ____29____. He no longer had to mentally translate every sentence before speaking; the words simply came. He started dreaming in Chinese — a milestone that language learners often describe as the moment a language truly ____30____. He had also developed a deep appreciation for the cultural rhythms of his new home: the morning tai chi in the park, the lively bargaining at the wet market, the elaborate rituals of a proper Shanghai dinner. Looking back on his two-year stay, Marco believes the experience fundamentally changed him — not just linguistically but ____31____. Living in China taught him that true cultural understanding is not about memorizing facts but about becoming comfortable with ____32____. "In Italy, we have a saying: the world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page," he reflects. "But I would add that you cannot truly read a page unless you are willing to ____33____ with its language." Now back in Milan, Marco works for a company that facilitates trade between European and Chinese businesses, drawing daily on the cross-cultural skills he acquired abroad. The shy young man who once could not ____34____ a taxi now negotiates multi-million-euro contracts in flawless Mandarin. His story serves as a powerful reminder that the greatest growth often happens when we ____35____ ourselves into unfamiliar worlds and allow those worlds to reshape us. 21. A. accurate B. inaccurate C. reasonable D. modest 22. A. excitement B. boredom C. confusion D. satisfaction 23. A. similarity B. gap C. connection D. agreement 24. A. confident B. helpless C. motivated D. relaxed 25. A. reluctant B. determined C. unable D. forced 26. A. mistakes B. friends C. purchases D. plans 27. A. obstacle B. breakthrough C. misfortune D. distraction 28. A. limited B. endless C. impatient D. occasional 29. A. shifts B. difficulties C. regrets D. failures 30. A. takes root B. falls apart C. breaks down D. gives up 31. A. physically B. personally C. professionally D. temporarily 32. A. certainty B. uncertainty C. familiarity D. simplicity 33. A. struggle B. argue C. compete D. disagree 34. A. drive B. hail C. repair D. recognize 35. A. isolate B. immerse C. protect D. remove Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Museums in the Digital Age: Transformation or Survival? When the Louvre launched its first online virtual tour in 2020, more than ten million people visited the digital galleries within the first month — nearly twice the number of physical visitors the museum receives in an entire year. This staggering figure highlights a fundamental shift in how cultural institutions are reimagining their relationship with the public in the digital age. The transformation goes far beyond simply uploading photographs of artworks. Advanced museums are now deploying augmented reality that allows visitors to see ancient artifacts restored to their original colors, artificial intelligence that creates personalized tour routes based on individual interests, and immersive virtual reality experiences that transport users to historical moments. The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s “Met Unframed” initiative, for instance, enables smartphone users to place digital replicas of famous paintings in their own living rooms, effectively turning every home into a private gallery. Advocates of digital transformation argue that these innovations democratize access to culture. A student in rural India can now examine the brushstrokes of a Van Gogh painting in greater detail than a visitor standing behind a barrier in the physical museum. Digital archives also serve as a crucial safeguard against disaster: when the National Museum of Brazil was devastated by fire in 2018, digital records of many destroyed artifacts became the only surviving documentation of priceless cultural heritage. However, critics raise important concerns. Some worry that the convenience of digital access may reduce the motivation for physical museum visits, potentially undermining the financial model that sustains these institutions. Others argue that no digital reproduction can replicate the emotional impact of standing before an authentic artwork — the sense of awe that comes from proximity to something created by human hands centuries ago. The texture of a painting, the scale of a sculpture, the atmosphere of a historic building: these are dimensions that screens cannot convey. Perhaps the most productive approach is not to see digital and physical experiences as competitors but as complementary dimensions of a modern museum’s mission. As one museum director put it, “The digital experience should be a gateway, not a replacement. Its purpose is to spark curiosity that ultimately leads people through our physical doors.” In this vision, museums of the future will be hybrid institutions, using technology to extend their reach while preserving the irreplaceable power of authentic encounter. 36. What does the example of the Louvre’s virtual tour illustrate? A. Digital museums have completely replaced physical visits. B. Online museum experiences can attract enormous audiences. C. The Louvre is more popular online than any other museum. D. Physical museum attendance has been declining for years. 37. According to the passage, the “Met Unframed” initiative allows users to ________. A. create their own artworks using AI technology B. view digital replicas of paintings in their personal space C. take guided virtual tours led by museum curators D. purchase high-quality reproductions of famous artworks 38. The word “safeguard” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. replacement B. protection C. improvement D. exhibition 39. What is the author’s conclusion about the relationship between digital and physical museum experiences? A. Digital experiences will eventually replace physical visits entirely. B. Physical museums should resist digital transformation to preserve authenticity. C. Digital and physical experiences should complement each other. D. The financial model of museums must be completely restructured. (B) The Quiet Disappearance of the World’s Dialects Every two weeks, the last speaker of a language dies, taking with them a unique way of understanding the world. While global attention often focuses on the extinction of plant and animal species, the parallel loss of linguistic diversity receives comparatively little notice. Yet by UNESCO’s count, more than 40% of the world’s approximately 7,000 languages are currently at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages. A farmer who moves from a village in Yunnan province to Kunming, for example, may switch from speaking a local Yi dialect to standard Mandarin within a single generation. Their children, born in the city, may never learn the ancestral language at all. The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific. Each language encodes specialized knowledge about local ecosystems, medicinal plants, and sustainable resource management that has been accumulated over thousands of years. When the last speaker of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia dies, for instance, centuries of knowledge about Andean medicinal plants — knowledge used by healer-priests for generations — will vanish with them. However, some communities are fighting back with remarkable creativity. In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today. Digital technology is also playing a role: smartphone apps now allow speakers of endangered languages to record vocabulary and grammar, creating living digital archives that can be passed to future generations. Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.” 40. According to the passage, what is the main cause of dialect disappearance? A. The rise of digital communication and social media. B. Urbanization and migration to cities. C. Government policies that ban regional languages. D. The natural evolution of all human languages over time. 41. Why does the author mention the Kallawaya language in paragraph 3? A. To illustrate that language loss also means the loss of specialized cultural knowledge. B. To argue that Bolivia has the highest rate of language extinction. C. To demonstrate that ancient languages are more complex than modern ones. D. To suggest that only South American languages are truly endangered. 42. What can be inferred about the Maori and Hawaiian language revitalization efforts? A. They have been largely unsuccessful despite significant funding. B. They rely primarily on government legislation rather than community action. C. They demonstrate that language loss can be reversed with sustained effort. D. They prove that digital technology is the only effective preservation method. 43. What is Dr. Harrison’s attitude toward the future of endangered languages? A. Deeply pessimistic and resigned to widespread language loss. B. Cautiously hopeful if communities and society invest in preservation. C. Completely confident that all endangered languages can be saved. D. Indifferent, viewing language loss as a natural historical process. (C) How Social Media Is Rewiring Our Reading Habits A decade ago, the typical person’s daily reading consisted of a morning newspaper, perhaps a chapter of a novel before bed, and various work-related documents in between. Today, that same person likely consumes tens of thousands of words per day — but in radically different forms: tweets, captions, notifications, headlines, and endless scrolls of short-form content. We are, by some measures, reading more than ever. But the question increasingly being asked by educators, psychologists, and neuroscientists is whether we are reading differently — and whether that difference matters. The evidence suggests it does. Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles have used brain imaging to compare the neural activity of people reading a novel versus those scrolling through social media feeds. Deep reading of narrative text activated brain regions associated with language processing, empathy, and complex reasoning. In contrast, skimming through social media primarily engaged areas linked to visual processing and rapid decision-making — the brain’s “scan and switch” mode. Maryanne Wolf, a cognitive neuroscientist at UCLA and author of “Reader, Come Home,” argues that the brain’s reading circuits are not fixed but plastic, shaped by the type of reading we practice. “We are training our brains to skim, to bounce from one piece of information to the next without ever diving deep,” she warns. “And the neural pathways for deep reading, if not regularly exercised, begin to weaken — just like an underused muscle.” The consequences extend beyond individual cognition. Long-form reading cultivates patience, the ability to follow complex arguments, and the capacity to inhabit perspectives different from one’s own — all qualities essential to a functioning democratic society. When citizens lose the habit of sustained, critical engagement with text, they may become more susceptible to misinformation and less capable of nuanced political reasoning. The solution, most experts agree, is not to abandon digital media but to cultivate a balanced reading diet. Just as nutritionists recommend a variety of foods for physical health, cognitive scientists increasingly advocate for a mix of reading modes: fast and slow, digital and print, skimming and deep diving. “The goal,” Wolf says, “is to develop a biliterate brain — one that can adapt its reading style to the demands of the task, moving fluidly between the rapid scanning suited to a news feed and the deep immersion required by a complex novel.” Whether our education systems and cultural habits can support this dual literacy remains an open and urgent question. 44. According to the UCLA brain imaging research, deep reading of narrative text primarily activates brain regions associated with ________. A. visual processing and rapid decision-making B. language processing, empathy, and complex reasoning C. motor coordination and physical movement D. short-term memory and pattern recognition 45. Maryanne Wolf compares the neural pathways for deep reading to ________. A. a computer processor that can be upgraded B. a muscle that weakens if not exercised C. a river that changes course over time D. a library that expands with each new book 46. What societal concern does the author raise about declining deep reading habits? A. People may spend more money on digital devices. B. Bookstores and libraries may eventually close down. C. Citizens may become more vulnerable to misinformation. D. Social media companies may gain too much political influence. 47. What does Wolf mean by a “biliterate brain”? A. A brain that can read in two different languages equally well. B. A brain capable of switching between skimming and deep reading as needed. C. A brain that prefers digital text over printed materials. D. A brain that can process information faster than the average reader. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence chosen from the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Cultural Diversity in an Age of Globalization Globalization has connected the world in ways our grandparents could scarcely have imagined. Products, ideas, and cultural expressions now flow across borders with unprecedented speed. ___48___ On one hand, this exchange enriches societies with new foods, music, art forms, and perspectives; on the other, it raises concerns about cultural homogenization — the fear that local traditions and identities will be swallowed by a global monoculture. Critics of globalization often point to the spread of American fast-food chains, Hollywood movies, and English-language pop music as evidence of cultural imperialism. ___49___ In Japan, for example, baseball — an American import — has been thoroughly Japanized over more than a century, becoming intertwined with local values of discipline, teamwork, and respect. Similarly, South Korean pop music, or K-pop, borrows heavily from American hip-hop and electronic dance music but infuses these genres with distinctly Korean aesthetics and training systems. Moreover, globalization can actually revitalize local cultures rather than destroy them. When a traditional craft or performance gains international recognition, it often experiences a revival at home. ___50___ The global popularity of yoga is another example: while some lament its commercialization, the international interest has also funded the preservation of classical yoga traditions in India that might otherwise have declined. The key to maintaining cultural diversity in a globalized world may lie in what sociologists call “glocalization” — the adaptation of global influences to local contexts. ___51___ When communities feel secure in their cultural identity, they are more likely to engage with outside influences creatively rather than defensively. Ultimately, cultures have always borrowed from one another. What is different today is the speed and scale of the exchange, not the fundamental process. The challenge for the twenty-first century is not to stop cultural cross-pollination — an impossible task — but to ensure that the benefits of cultural exchange are shared equitably and that no culture is forced to sacrifice its identity in the process. A. This phenomenon recognizes that cultural exchange is never a one-way street but a process of creative adaptation. B. But history shows that cultures rarely adopt foreign influences wholesale without adapting them to local sensibilities. C. This has sparked an intense debate about whether cultural diversity is under threat. D. The economic benefits of cultural tourism have transformed many developing nations. E. For instance, the international fashion industry’s interest in traditional Chinese embroidery has led to a surge of young people in China learning this ancient craft. F. The disappearance of minority languages has accelerated dramatically in the last century. III. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 那位致力于保护传统手工艺的老人是我最敬重的人。(who) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 只有当我们真正理解不同文化背后的价值观时，才能实现有效的跨文化交流。(Only...) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 漫步在这座千年古镇中，游客们可以感受到深厚的历史气息。(非谓语) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 如果更多年轻人选择学习方言而不是放弃它，这些宝贵的文化遗产就不会濒临失传。(if...would...) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ IV. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近年来，一些传统节日（如端午节、中秋节等）的庆祝方式正在发生变化。请以“Should Traditional Festivals Adapt to Modern Lifestyles?”为题，用英语写一篇短文，内容包括： 1. 简述传统节日在现代社会中面临的挑战； 2. 结合具体例子说明你认为传统节日是否应该适应现代生活； 3. 提出你的建议。 (注意：文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $