Unit 3 Times change! （重难词汇精练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“词汇认知-转换-应用-语境综合”为逻辑主线，系统构建从基础到语篇的词汇能力训练体系，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |重点单词|32词|汉译英默写|核心词汇直接认知| |词性转换|26组|词形变化填空|从词根拓展词族网络| |核心短语|11个|短语补全|固定搭配记忆与辨析| |单词拼写/完成句子/单句语法填空|10/10/10题|语境填词/语法应用|词汇在基础语境中的灵活运用| |完形填空/语法填空/阅读理解|1篇/1篇/1篇|语篇综合填空/阅读|词汇在语篇中的意义衔接与逻辑推断|

Unit 3 Times change! 重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、重点单词 1 二、词性转换 1 三、核心短语 2 四、单词拼写 2 五、完成句子 6 六、单句语法填空 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、完形填空 9 二、语法填空 11 三、阅读理解 12 一、重点单词 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. _________________n. 正直诚实 1. _________________n. 十年；十年期 2. _________________adj. 大名鼎鼎的， 传奇式的 3. _________________adj. 年老的 4. _________________n. 同情 5. _________________n. 一群，一伙 6. _________________n. 领导；领导地位 7. _________________adj. 简陋的 8. _________________v. 竞争 9. _________________v. 强调 10. _________________n. 新闻工作者；新闻记者 11. _________________n. 时代，年代 12. _________________n. 改进；改革 13. _________________v. 铺（路、地面等） 14. _________________prep. （ 与……）一起 15. _________________n. 倡议 16. _________________adj. 坚实的 17. _________________n. 工作，职业 18. _________________n. 组成部分 19. _________________n. 类别 20. _________________v. （ 使）扩大；增加 21. _________________adj. 情绪（上）的， 情感（上）的 22. _________________n. 手势，姿势 23. _________________adj. 脸上的；面部的 24. _________________n. 意图，目的 25. _________________/ n. 改编版 26. _________________adj. 易懂的 27. _________________n. 精神 28. _________________n. 趋势 29. _________________v. 促进；使便利 30. _________________adj. 次要的，第二位的 31. _________________adv. 紧急地；急迫地 32. _________________adj. 有说服力的， 使人信服的 二、词性转换 1.____________ adj. 大名鼎鼎的；传奇式的 → ____________ n. 传奇；传说 → ____________ adv. 传奇式地 2.____________ adj. 年老的 → ____________ adj. 年长的；n. 长者 3.____________ n. 同情 → ____________ vi. 同情；怜悯 → ____________ adj. 同情的 → ____________ adv. 同情地 4.____________ adj. 布满灰尘的 → ____________ n. 灰尘；尘土 5.____________ n. 搁板；架子 → 复数 ____________ 6.____________ n./adj. 外部；外部的 → ____________ n./adj. 内部（的）（反义词） 7.____________ n. 女销售员（合成词）→ 合成拆分：____________（n. 销售）+ ____________（n. 女人）→ 复数 ____________ 8.____________ n. 领导；领导地位 → ____________ vi./vt. 领导；带领 → ____________ n. 领导者 9.____________ adj. 有机的；绿色的 → ____________ adv. 有机地 10.____________ n. 朗诵会 → ____________ vt./vi. 背诵；朗诵 11.____________ adj. 简陋的；谦逊的 → ____________ adv. 谦逊地 → ____________ n. 谦逊 12.____________ vi./vt. 竞争 → ____________ n. 竞争；比赛 → ____________ n. 竞争者 → ____________ adj. 有竞争力的 13.____________ vt. 强调 → ____________ n. 强调；重点 → ____________ adj. 强调的；断然的 14.____________ n. 重建；修复 → ____________ vt. 建造；建设 → ____________ n. 建造；建设 15.____________ n. 新闻记者 → ____________ n. 新闻业；新闻工作 → ____________ n. 日报；期刊 16.____________ n./vi./vt. 改革；改进 → ____________ adj. 改革的；改进的 17.____________ vt. 铺（路）→ 过去式 ____________ → 过去分词 ____________ 18.____________ adj. 社会主义的 → ____________ adj. 社会的 → ____________ n. 社会 19.____________ n. 倡议；主动性 → ____________ vt. 发起；创始 → ____________ adj. 最初的；开始的 20.____________ adj. 坚实的；固体的 → ____________ adv. 坚实稳固地 → ____________ n. 坚固；坚实 21.____________ adj. 经济（上）的 → ____________ n. 经济 → ____________ adj. 节约的；经济的 22.____________ n. 工作；职业 → ____________ vt. 占用；占据 23.____________ adj. 不可缺少的 → ____________ vt. 使完整；整合 → ____________ n. 完整；正直 24.____________ n. 组成部分 → ____________ adj. 组成的；构成的 25.____________ n. 类别 → 复数 ____________ → ____________ adj. 绝对的；明确的 26.____________ vi./vt.（使）扩大；增加 → ____________ n. 扩大；扩张 → ____________ adj. 扩张的；广阔的 三、核心短语 1. _________________ 对……有发言权 1. _________________偶然(或顺便)走访(或访问) 2. _________________顺便拜访 3. _________________ 向……挥手告别 4. _________________永久地；一劳永逸地 5. _________________ 得力助手 6. _________________ 接管；接收 7. _________________突然出现，突然弹出的东西 8. _________________以……作答 9. _________________ 寻找；搜索 10. _________________一系列，一串 11. _________________ 传到，蔓延到 四、单词拼写 1．Over the fourth d___________ (十年) of the reform and opening-up, Shenzhen, the first special economic zone, has undergone rapid development. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 2．He has great s________(同情)for the poor and the unfortunate. （根据中英文提示填空） 3．The country needs to change policies because of a growing number of e____________ (年老的) people. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 4．Warmly welcomed by the e________ (年纪较大的) for their arrival, the students participated in various kinds of volunteer work. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 5．Be h_________ enough to learn from your mistakes. (showing that you are not as important as other people) (根据英文提示填空) 6．For nearly a d__________ (十年), we’ve been highlighting the dangers of smoking, but the problem remains serious. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 7．The man was very grateful for the e________(情绪上的) support that his family gave to him. （根据中英文提示填空） 8．For two d________(十年) she has sought complete control over her film career. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 9．He has been devoted to teaching for d________ (几十年). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 10．The bright light shining down from the heavens made the freshly fallen snow shine with beauty that touched my s________ (灵魂). （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 五、完成句子 1．尽管疲惫不堪, 但当他冲过终点线时, 他的胸膛随着每次自豪的呼吸而扩张。 Despite the exhaustion, _____________as he crossed the finish line. 2．Travel promotes understanding, ________, makes us better people, and boosts local economies. 旅行促进了理解，拓展了我们的思维，使我们成为更好的人，并促进了当地经济的发展。 3．教授宁愿给学生上课也不愿被邀请参加乏味的会议。(一句多译) ①The professor ________________________________ boring conferences. (would rather…than...) ②The professor ________________________ boring conferences. (would…rather than…) ③The professor ________________________________ boring conferences. (prefer…rather than...) 4．His seven epic voyages ________ (改变了海事的历史), ________ (充当了和平外交的有力证明). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5．I’m so pleased to see that ________________ (我想让它提供给社区的所有东西) is still here.（根据课文及汉语提示补全句子） 6．They removed the stones and bricks_________(寻找）some survivors in the earthquake. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 7．Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as ________ ________ ________ trust. （根据课文内容填空） 8．Clear thinking requires a command of the English language. And the fifth grade is the ideal time for every girl and boy to________ _______ _______ _______（增加词汇能力）. (根据句意填空) 9．句式拓展 原句： I’m writing to invite you to join our “Campus Micro-Farm” activity. 拓展句： I’m writing to invite you to join the activity _________________ “Campus Micro-Farm”. 10．In our daily lives, technology plays a vital role in simplifying tasks and enhancing our experiences. For example, smart phones allow us to communicate instantly. (合并强调句+定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 六、单句语法填空 1．When not (allow) to sleep, lab rats die within a month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．We must remember to live with the (intend) of focusing on what matters most in life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．She led the (compete) from beginning to end. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The boy from the remote mountainous area became a famous (educate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．During his election campaign he promised to increase investment in . (educator) (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Life is like a long race where we compete others to go beyond ourselves. （用适当的词填空） 7．Some nice cakes (make) by my mother from 7 to 10 last night. （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．There is (convince) evidence of a link between balanced diets with good health. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．—I don’t feel sympathy the beggars who actually have the ability to work. —I’m in sympathy your idea. （用适当的词填空） 10．The tiny shops made (economy) sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. （所给词的适当形式填空） 一、完形填空 Do you know what will happen in the future? Life in the twenty-first century will be very 1 , I suppose. Many changes will take place, but 2 will the changes be? As we all know the population in the earth is growing 3 . There will be a great many 4 in the world and most of them will live 5 than people in the twentieth century. Computers will be much smaller and 6 and there will be at least one in every 7 . And 8 studies will be one of the important subjects in school then. People will work 9 and they will have more free time for taking exercise, reading, watching TV and traveling all over the world. 10 will be much easier and cheaper. And many more people will go to 11 countries for holidays. There will be changes in our 12 , too. May be no one will eat meat every day. Instead, they eat more fruit and vegetables without pollution. Maybe people will be 13 . Work in the future will be different, too. 14 and hard work can be done by robots. Because of this, 15 people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem. 1．A．interesting B．hard C．different D．beautiful 2．A．why B．how C．when D．what 3．A．slowly B．fast C．quietly D．suddenly 4．A．people B．workers C．scientists D．doctors 5．A．long B．longer C．happy D．lucky 6．A．more useful B．useful C．helpful D．less useful 7．A．hospital B．room C．home D．town 8．A．science B．math C．English D．computer 9．A．fewer hours B．more hours C．eight hours D．more than eight hours 10．A．Seeing doctors B．Going to the cinemas C．Shopping D．Traveling 11．A．rich B．other C．poor D．small 12．A．food B．clothes C．fruit D．drinks 13．A．fatter B．thinner C．healthier D．more pleased 14．A．Safe B．Easy C．Simple D．Dangerous 15．A．a few B．all the C．many D．lot of 二、语法填空 My neighbor, Claire, is a friendly lady, likely in her late 70s. We often chat and I am glad to offer her a 1 (help) hand, such as carrying her groceries upstairs. One day she asked me 2 China is still like what it was in the old comic The Adventures of Tintin, which describes China in the 1930s. Of course not. China is changing so fast that I myself have found 3 hard to keep updated. Take Yinchuan for example: a city in Ningxia once 4 (consider) “remote” now feels more modern than many European cities. A Belgian potato expert I interviewed 5 (visit) China dozens of times in the past three decades and has 6 balanced understanding of the country. He has taken many of his students to China, some of 7 have said the trips completely changed their view of the Asian nation, unlike what they heard in the Western media. Fortunately, more Europeans can take advantage of 8 (China) visa-free policy to discover the country and to see for themselves both the good and bad things there. The good news is that reservations for travel to China are 9 the increase lately in several European countries. Seeing is believing. 10 (understand) today’s China, one must look beyond old comics and breaking news. 三、阅读理解 When children head to the Fuller Cut barbershop reading a book out loud to their hairdresser，their parents can get a discount. Ryan Griffin, who works at the barber's in Ypsilanti，Michigan,，gives kids the options to pick the book they want to read. “Any help these kids can get with reading and comprehension is a big thing, ”Griffin told NPR. “You know, maybe someday some kids will grow up and be a journalist，be a writer，and he’ll say，‘You know what , when I was young，my barber used to make me read.’” Fuller Cut offers parents a $2 discount per haircut if the child reads a book out loud. Griffin said that although it might be a small amount, it helps parents’ pockets, helps kids’ education and can even make it a more enjoyable experience. The barber said he had seen a similar porgramme that encouraged children to read in New York, so he asked his boss if he could replicate it. When the programme was announced, Griffin said people in the area started to donate books to the barbershop for kids to choose from. He even said local teachers had given him credit for starting such a worthy project. During the haircut, he won't just listen to the story—he’ll ask the kids questions too to make sure they understand it. The barbershop updates customers on the books it has in store and reminds them of the offer frequently on Facebook. “More books are beginning to arrive at the Fuller Cut,” recent status reads. “I want to thank the barbers in Tampa Bay, Iowa & Harlem for inspiring me to join the initiative of promoting literacy by having our young brothers read to us.” 1．To get a discount for their parents, kids should . A．read in the way they like B．read what the hairdressers are fond of C．answer the hairdressers’ questions about the reading D．provide their own reading materials 2．What are people's attitude to the shop's programme? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Passive. D．Critical. 3．For this programme, the barbershop uses its Facebook to     . A．express appreciation to the book donors B．encourage people to donate more books C．attract more customers D．help kids enjoy reading 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．How to get discounted haircuts? B．A unique barbershop C．A barbershop's reading programme D．Book donation to a barbershop $ Unit 3 Times change! 重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、重点单词 1 二、词性转换 1 三、核心短语 2 四、单词拼写 2 五、完成句子 6 六、单句语法填空 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、完形填空 9 二、语法填空 11 三、阅读理解 12 一、重点单词 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. decade n. 十年；十年期 2. legendary adj. 大名鼎鼎的， 传奇式的 3. elderly adj. 年老的 4. sympathy n. 同情 5. bunch n. 一群，一伙 6. leadership n. 领导；领导地位 7. humble adj. 简陋的 8. compete v. 竞争 9. emphasise v. 强调 10. journalist n. 新闻工作者；新闻记者 11. era n. 时代，年代 12. reform n. 改进；改革 13. pave v. 铺（路、地面等） 14. alongside prep. （ 与……）一起 15. initiative n. 倡议 16. solid adj. 坚实的 17. occupation n. 工作，职业 18. component n. 组成部分 19. category n. 类别 20. expand v. （ 使）扩大；增加 21. emotional adj. 情绪（上）的， 情感（上）的 22. gesture n. 手势，姿势 23. facial adj. 脸上的；面部的 24. intention n. 意图，目的 25. adaptation / n. 改编版 26. accessible adj. 易懂的 27. soul n. 精神 28. tendency n. 趋势 29. facilitate v. 促进；使便利 30. secondary adj. 次要的，第二位的 31. urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地 32. convincing adj. 有说服力的， 使人信服的26. consequence n. 后果 27. intimately adv. 亲密地；密切地 28. evidence n. 证据 29. memorable adj. 难忘的 30. bond n. 纽带，关系 31. conclusion n. 结论 二、词性转换 1.legendary adj. 大名鼎鼎的；传奇式的 → legend n. 传奇；传说 → legendarily adv. 传奇式地 2.elderly adj. 年老的 → elder adj. 年长的；n. 长者 3.sympathy n. 同情 → sympathize (AmE sympathise) vi. 同情；怜悯 → sympathetic adj. 同情的 → sympathetically adv. 同情地 4.dusty adj. 布满灰尘的 → dust n. 灰尘；尘土 5.shelf n. 搁板；架子 → 复数 shelves 6.exterior n./adj. 外部；外部的 → interior n./adj. 内部（的）（反义词） 7.saleswoman n. 女销售员 → sale（n. 销售）+ woman（n. 女人）→ 复数 saleswomen 8.leadership n. 领导；领导地位 → lead vi./vt. 领导；带领 → leader n. 领导者 9.organic adj. 有机的；绿色的 → organically adv. 有机地 10.recital n. 朗诵会 → recite vt./vi. 背诵；朗诵 11.humble adj. 简陋的；谦逊的 → humbly adv. 谦逊地 → humility n. 谦逊 12.compete vi./vt. 竞争 → competition n. 竞争；比赛 → competitor n. 竞争者 → competitive adj. 有竞争力的 13.emphasise (AmE emphasize) vt. 强调 → emphasis n. 强调；重点 → emphatic adj. 强调的；断然的 14.reconstruction n. 重建；修复 → construct vt. 建造；建设 → construction n. 建造；建设 15.journalist n. 新闻记者 → journalism n. 新闻业；新闻工作 → journal n. 日报；期刊 16.reform n./vi./vt. 改革；改进 → reformative adj. 改革的；改进的 17.pave vt. 铺（路）→ 过去式 paved → 过去分词 paved 18.socialist adj. 社会主义的 → social adj. 社会的 → society n. 社会 19.initiative n. 倡议；主动性 → initiate vt. 发起；创始 → initial adj. 最初的；开始的 20.solid adj. 坚实的；固体的 → solidly adv. 坚实稳固地 → solidity n. 坚固；坚实 21.economic adj. 经济（上）的 → economy n. 经济 → economical adj. 节约的；经济的 22.occupation n. 工作；职业 → occupy vt. 占用；占据 23.integral adj. 不可缺少的 → integrate vt. 使完整；整合 → integrity n. 完整；正直 24.component n. 组成部分 → component adj. 组成的；构成的 25.category n. 类别 → 复数 categories → categorical adj. 绝对的；明确的 26.expand vi./vt.（使）扩大；增加 → expansion n. 扩大；扩张 → expansive adj. 扩张的；广阔的 三、核心短语 1.have a say on… 对……有发言权 1. drop in偶然(或顺便)走访(或访问) 2. (on)drop by顺便拜访 3. wave goodbye to 向……挥手告别 4. for good 永久地；一劳永逸地 5. in good hands 得力助手 6. take over 接管；接收 7. pop up突然出现，突然弹出的东西 8. reply with 以……作答 9. search for 寻找；搜索 10. a string of 一系列，一串 11. spread to 传到，蔓延到 四、单词拼写 1．Over the fourth d___________ (十年) of the reform and opening-up, Shenzhen, the first special economic zone, has undergone rapid development. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】decade/ecade 【详解】考查名词。句意：改革开放的第四个十年，作为第一个经济特区的深圳，经历了飞速发展。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词decade，作介词Over的宾语，由序数词fourth修饰，应用名词单数形式。故填decade。 2．He has great s________(同情)for the poor and the unfortunate. （根据中英文提示填空） 【答案】sympathy/ympathy 【详解】考查名词。句意：他对穷人和不幸的人怀着深深的同情。根据句意，汉语提示和首字母提示应填名词sympathy作宾语，此处用作不可数名词，故填sympathy。 3．The country needs to change policies because of a growing number of e____________ (年老的) people. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】elderly/lderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于老年人数量不断增加，国家需要改变政策。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，此处用形容词elderly作定语修饰people表示“老年人”符合语境。故填elderly。 4．Warmly welcomed by the e________ (年纪较大的) for their arrival, the students participated in various kinds of volunteer work. （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 【答案】elderly/lderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：同学们受到了长者们的热烈欢迎，参加了各种志愿工作。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“年纪较大的”可知，应用形容词elderly，且此处“the + 形容词”表示一类人，the elderly意为“老年人”，符合语境。故填elderly。 5．Be h_________ enough to learn from your mistakes. (showing that you are not as important as other people) (根据英文提示填空) 【答案】humble/umble 【详解】考查形容词。句意：谦虚一点，从错误中吸取教训。根据空格前的be可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，结合首字母和英文提示“showing that you are not as important as other people”意为“表明你没有其他人那么重要”可知，应填形容词humble。故填humble。 6．For nearly a d__________ (十年), we’ve been highlighting the dangers of smoking, but the problem remains serious. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】decade/ecade 【详解】句意：近十年来，我们一直在强调吸烟的危害，但该问题依旧严峻。根据中文提示“十年”以及首字母“d”可知，空处为名词decade作宾语。 7．The man was very grateful for the e________(情绪上的) support that his family gave to him. （根据中英文提示填空） 【答案】emotional/motional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男人非常感激家人在情绪上给他的支持。修饰名词support，前用形容词形式。根据中英文提示及句意，故填emotional。 8．For two d________(十年) she has sought complete control over her film career. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】decades/ecades 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：20年来，她一直在寻求完全控制自己的电影事业。decade是可数名词，由数词two修饰，用名词decade的复数形式。故填decades。 9．He has been devoted to teaching for d________ (几十年). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】decades/ecades 【详解】考查名词。句意：几十年来，他一直致力于教学。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“几十年”可知，应用名词decade“十年”的复数形式decades，表示“几十年”，作宾语。故填decades。 10．The bright light shining down from the heavens made the freshly fallen snow shine with beauty that touched my s________ (灵魂). （根据中英文提示拼写单词） 【答案】soul/oul 【详解】考查名词。句意：从天上照耀下来的明亮的光使新下的雪闪耀着美丽，触动了我的灵魂。根据中英文提示可知，这里应用名词soul“灵魂”，作动词touched的宾语。故填soul。 五、完成句子 1．尽管疲惫不堪, 但当他冲过终点线时, 他的胸膛随着每次自豪的呼吸而扩张。 Despite the exhaustion, _____________as he crossed the finish line. 【答案】his chest expanded with each proud breath 【详解】考查时态。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全 “他的胸膛随着每次自豪的呼吸而扩张”。“他的胸膛”对应的英文是his chest，在句中作主语；“扩张”常用动词expanded表达，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，句子用一般过去时；“随着每次自豪的呼吸”对应的英文是“with each proud breath”，在句中作状语。故填his chest expanded with each proud breath。 2．Travel promotes understanding, ________, makes us better people, and boosts local economies. 旅行促进了理解，拓展了我们的思维，使我们成为更好的人，并促进了当地经济的发展。 【答案】expands our minds 【详解】考查动词和名词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“拓展了我们的思维”应用expand our minds，为动词短语，expand与前面promotes和后文makes以及boosts并列作谓语，也应用第三人称单数形式。故填expands our minds。 3．教授宁愿给学生上课也不愿被邀请参加乏味的会议。(一句多译) ①The professor ________________________________ boring conferences. (would rather…than...) ②The professor ________________________ boring conferences. (would…rather than…) ③The professor ________________________________ boring conferences. (prefer…rather than...) 【答案】 would rather give lectures to the students than be invited to would give lectures to the students rather than be invited to prefers to give lectures to the students rather than be invited to 【详解】考查固定句型和动词。根据提示，“宁愿……也不愿……”可用would rather do sth. than do sth.、would do sth. rather than do sth.和prefer to sth. rather than do sth.三种结构表示；“给学生上课”用give lectures to the students表示，在第一、二句中用原形，在第三句中用不定式形式；“被邀请参加乏味的会议”用be invited to boring conferences表示，在三个句子中都用原形。故填would rather give lectures to the students than be invited to；would give lectures to the students rather than be invited to；prefers to give lectures to the students rather than be invited to。 4．His seven epic voyages ________ (改变了海事的历史), ________ (充当了和平外交的有力证明). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 transformed maritime history serving as solid proof of peaceful diplomacy 【详解】考查动词、时态和非谓语动词。句意：他的七次史诗般的航行改变了海事的历史，充当了和平外交的有力证明。第1空处“改变”作谓语，用动词transform，讲述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时态transformed，宾语“海事的历史”用词组maritime history表示；第2空处“充当了和平外交的有力证明”作伴随状语，“充当”用动词短语serve as，与其逻辑主语“His seven epic voyages”之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式serving as作状语，宾语“和平外交的有力证明”用solid proof of peaceful diplomacy表示。故填①transformed maritime history②serving as solid proof of peaceful diplomacy。 5．I’m so pleased to see that ________________ (我想让它提供给社区的所有东西) is still here.（根据课文及汉语提示补全句子） 【答案】everything I wanted it to offer to the community 【详解】考查代词和定语从句以及时态。句意：我很高兴地看到，我想要为社区提供的一切仍然在这里。表示“所有东西”应用不定代词everything；作定语从句的宾语，表示“我想让它提供给社区”翻译为I wanted it to offer to the community，结合语境可知为一般过去时。故填everything I wanted it to offer to the community。 6．They removed the stones and bricks_________(寻找）some survivors in the earthquake. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】in search of/to search for 【详解】考查固定短语或to do不定式。句意：为了寻找地震中的幸存者，他们移走了石头和砖块。表示“为了寻找”可用介词短语in search of。也可以用to do不定式表目的，动词短语search for意为“寻找”。故填in search of/to search for。 7．Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as ________ ________ ________ trust. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】 a gesture of 【详解】考查名词。句意：即使在今天，当有些人有非正式的问候风格时，他们仍然用手作为信任的姿态。根据句意可知，gesture为可数名词，表示“……的”使用介词of，a gesture of 做介词as的宾语，“作为……的姿态”应为as a gesture of。故填a gesture of。 8．Clear thinking requires a command of the English language. And the fifth grade is the ideal time for every girl and boy to________ _______ _______ _______（增加词汇能力）. (根据句意填空) 【答案】 expand the vocabulary skills 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：清晰的思维需要掌握英语语言。而五年级是每个男孩和女孩增加词汇能力的理想时期。“增加词汇能力”强调扩充词汇相关的能力，“expand”有“扩大、增加”之意，“vocabulary skills”表示“词汇能力”，接在不定式后用动词原形。故填expand； the； vocabulary； skills。 9．句式拓展 原句： I’m writing to invite you to join our “Campus Micro-Farm” activity. 拓展句： I’m writing to invite you to join the activity _________________ “Campus Micro-Farm”. 【答案】which is called/that is called 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我写信邀请你参加那个被叫做“校园微型农场”的活动。原句中“ “Campus Micro-Farm””作前置定语，修饰名词activity，拓展句中“‘Campus Micro-Farm’”被放到了后面，可处理为一个定语从句来修饰名词activity；activity是先行词，用关系代词which/that引导从句，将其代入从句中作主语，结合句意，谓语部分可用“is called”，意为“被叫做……”，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填which/that is called。 10．In our daily lives, technology plays a vital role in simplifying tasks and enhancing our experiences. For example, smart phones allow us to communicate instantly. (合并强调句+定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In our daily lives, it is technology that plays a vital role in simplifying tasks and enhancing our experiences, as can be seen in smart phones which allow us to communicate instantly. 【详解】句意：在我们的日常生活中，正是科技在简化任务和提升体验方面发挥着至关重要的作用，正如在智能手机中可以看到的那样，智能手机使我们能够即时沟通。 结合题目要求句型转换，表示“正是科技……”可以使用It is...that...强调句型，强调主语technology；表示“正如在……中可以看到的那样”可以使用as引导的非限制性定语从句as can be seen in smart phones，as指代前面整个主句内容；表示“使我们能够即时沟通的智能手机”可以使用which引导的定语从句which allow us to communicate instantly，修饰先行词smart phones。 六、单句语法填空 1．When not (allow) to sleep, lab rats die within a month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】allowed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当不允许睡觉时，实验室的老鼠会在一个月内死亡。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。“When not (allow) to sleep”是时间状语从句，原句为“When lab rats are not allowed to sleep”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略lab rats are后，应保留过去分词allowed。故填allowed。 2．We must remember to live with the (intend) of focusing on what matters most in life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们必须记住，要带着专注于生活中最重要事物的目的去生活。定冠词the后接名词，intend的名词形式是intention，意为“目的、意图”，表示特指，用单数形式即可。故填intention。 3．She led the (compete) from beginning to end. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】competition 【详解】考查名词。句意：她在比赛中从头到尾都领先。空处应填名词作宾语，competition“竞争，比赛”，此处特指她参加的那场比赛，为单数概念，故填competition。 4．The boy from the remote mountainous area became a famous (educate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】educator 【详解】考查名词。句意：那个来自偏远山区的男孩成了著名的教育家。became为系动词，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词educator作表语，意为“教育家”。故填educator。 5．During his election campaign he promised to increase investment in . (educator) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】education 【详解】考查名词。句意：在竞选期间，他承诺增加教育投资。本空在介词in后作宾语，表示“教育”用名词education。故填education。 6．Life is like a long race where we compete others to go beyond ourselves. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】with/against 【详解】考查介词。句意：生活就像一场赛跑，我们和别人竞争来超越自己。固定短语 compete with/against sb.，意为和某人竞争。故填with/against。 7．Some nice cakes (make) by my mother from 7 to 10 last night. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】were being made 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我妈妈昨晚7点到10点做了一些漂亮的蛋糕。设空处为谓语，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语可知是过去某一段时间正在做什么，应用过去进行时，主语cakes，谓语复数形式，故填were being made。 8．There is (convince) evidence of a link between balanced diets with good health. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】convincing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有令人信服的证据表明均衡饮食与健康之间存在联系。根据句意及空后名词evidence，结合所给词convince可知，空处应用形容词convincing“令人信服的”，作定语。故填convincing。 9．—I don’t feel sympathy the beggars who actually have the ability to work. —I’m in sympathy your idea. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】 for with 【详解】考查介词。句意：---我不同情那些有劳动能力的乞丐们。---我赞同你的想法。 根据句意“同情某人”，第一空，结合空前的feel sympathy，使用短语feel sympathy for sb.；第二空，结合句意“赞成，支撑”，结合空前in sympathy，应使用介词短语in sympathy with…。故第一空填for；第二空填with。 10．The tiny shops made (economy) sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：据LoveFone创始人之一罗伯特·克尔说，这些小商店具有经济意义。修饰名词sense，应用形容词economic，作定语。故填economic。 一、完形填空 Do you know what will happen in the future? Life in the twenty-first century will be very 1 , I suppose. Many changes will take place, but 2 will the changes be? As we all know the population in the earth is growing 3 . There will be a great many 4 in the world and most of them will live 5 than people in the twentieth century. Computers will be much smaller and 6 and there will be at least one in every 7 . And 8 studies will be one of the important subjects in school then. People will work 9 and they will have more free time for taking exercise, reading, watching TV and traveling all over the world. 10 will be much easier and cheaper. And many more people will go to 11 countries for holidays. There will be changes in our 12 , too. May be no one will eat meat every day. Instead, they eat more fruit and vegetables without pollution. Maybe people will be 13 . Work in the future will be different, too. 14 and hard work can be done by robots. Because of this, 15 people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem. 1．A．interesting B．hard C．different D．beautiful 2．A．why B．how C．when D．what 3．A．slowly B．fast C．quietly D．suddenly 4．A．people B．workers C．scientists D．doctors 5．A．long B．longer C．happy D．lucky 6．A．more useful B．useful C．helpful D．less useful 7．A．hospital B．room C．home D．town 8．A．science B．math C．English D．computer 9．A．fewer hours B．more hours C．eight hours D．more than eight hours 10．A．Seeing doctors B．Going to the cinemas C．Shopping D．Traveling 11．A．rich B．other C．poor D．small 12．A．food B．clothes C．fruit D．drinks 13．A．fatter B．thinner C．healthier D．more pleased 14．A．Safe B．Easy C．Simple D．Dangerous 15．A．a few B．all the C．many D．lot of 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了21世纪我们的生活将会发生的各种变化。 【详解】 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想，21世纪的生活将会大不相同。A. interesting有趣的；B. hard困难的；C. different不同的；D. beautiful美丽的。根据下一句“Many changes will take place”可知，将来会发生很多变化，故此处指将来的生活会大不相同，故选C。 2．考查疑问词词义辨析。句意：许多变化将会发生，但这些变化将是什么呢？A. why为什么；B. how如何；C. when何时；D. what什么。下文从人口、科技等方面描述了可能发生的具体变化，故此处是询问“但这些变化将是什么呢？”故选D。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道地球上的人口正在快速增长。A. slowly缓慢地；B. fast快速地；C. quietly安静地；D. suddenly突然。根据“There will be a great many…”可知，人口在快速增长，故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界上将有很多人，他们中的大多数人将比20世纪的人活得更长。A. people人；B. workers工人；C. scientists科学家；D. doctors医生。根据上一句中的“the population in the earth”可知，此处是讨论人口，故指会有很多人，故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. long长的；B. longer更长的；C. happy高兴的；D. lucky幸运的。根据“than people in the twentieth century”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电脑将变得更小更有用，每个家庭至少会有一台。A. more useful更有用的；B. useful有用的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. less useful更没用的。空处和“smaller”并列，应用形容词比较级，根据“there will be at least one in every ____7____ ”及语境可知，电脑会变得更加有用，故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hospital医院；B. room房间；C. home家；D. town城镇。结合语境可知，电脑会更加有用，每个家庭都至少有一台，故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：计算机学习将是学校的重要科目之一。A. science科学；B. math数学；C. English英语；D. computer计算机。根据上文“Computers”可知，本段是讨论电脑的用处，故此处指计算机学习将是学校的重要科目之一，故选D。 9．考查固定短语辨析。句意：人们将工作更少的时间，他们将有更多的自由时间锻炼，阅读，看电视和周游世界。A. fewer hours更少时间；B. more hours更多时间；C. eight hours八小时；D. more than eight hours多于八小时。根据“they will have more free time for taking exercise, reading, watching TV and traveling all over the world”可知，人们会有更多时间休闲娱乐，故此处指工作时间更少，故选A。 10．考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：旅行将更容易，更便宜。A. Seeing doctors看医生；B. Going to the cinemas看电影；C. Shopping购物；D. Traveling旅行。根据上文“traveling all over the world”及下文“for holidays”可知，此处是描述旅行度假，故选D。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更多的人会去其他国家度假。A. rich富裕的；B. other其他的；C. poor贫穷的；D. small小的。上文提到旅行更容易且更便宜，所以人们会去其他国家度假，故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的食物也会有变化。A. food食物；B. clothes衣服；C. fruit水果；D. drinks饮料。根据下一句“May be no one will eat meat every day.(可能没有人每天吃肉)”可知，本段是描述为了人们所吃的食物的变化，故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能人们会更健康。A. fatter更胖的；B. thinner更瘦的；C. healthier更健康的；D. more pleased更高兴的。根据上文“Instead, they eat more fruit and vegetables without pollution.(相反，他们吃更多没有污染的水果和蔬菜)”可知，人们吃更多健康的水果和蔬菜，所以会更健康，故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：危险而困难的工作可以由机器人做。A. Safe安全的；B. Easy容易的；C. Simple简单的；D. Dangerous危险的。空处和“hard”并列，结合语境可知，应是让机器人做危险而困难的工作，故选D。 15．考查固定短语和形容词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，许多人将没有足够的工作要做。A. a few少量的；B. all the所有；C. many很多的；D. lot of搭配错误。上文提到危险而困难的工作可以由机器人做，结合下文“This will be a problem.(这将是一个问题)”可知，很多人会没有工作，不是“少量的”或者“所有人”，故选C。 二、语法填空 My neighbor, Claire, is a friendly lady, likely in her late 70s. We often chat and I am glad to offer her a 1 (help) hand, such as carrying her groceries upstairs. One day she asked me 2 China is still like what it was in the old comic The Adventures of Tintin, which describes China in the 1930s. Of course not. China is changing so fast that I myself have found 3 hard to keep updated. Take Yinchuan for example: a city in Ningxia once 4 (consider) “remote” now feels more modern than many European cities. A Belgian potato expert I interviewed 5 (visit) China dozens of times in the past three decades and has 6 balanced understanding of the country. He has taken many of his students to China, some of 7 have said the trips completely changed their view of the Asian nation, unlike what they heard in the Western media. Fortunately, more Europeans can take advantage of 8 (China) visa-free policy to discover the country and to see for themselves both the good and bad things there. The good news is that reservations for travel to China are 9 the increase lately in several European countries. Seeing is believing. 10 (understand) today’s China, one must look beyond old comics and breaking news. 【答案】 1．helpful 2．if/whether 3．it 4．considered 5．has visited 6．a 7．whom 8．China’s 9．on 10．To understand 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国变化巨大，应亲眼了解真实的中国。 1．考查形容词。句意：我们经常聊天，我很乐意帮她一把，比如帮她把食品杂货搬上楼。本空修饰名词hand，作定语，用形容词helpful“有帮助的”。故填helpful。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：有一天，她问我是否中国仍然像老漫画《丁丁历险记》中所描述的那样，这部漫画描述了20世纪30年代的中国。本空引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，用if/whether引导。故填if/whether。 3．考查代词。句意：中国变化如此之快，以至于我自己也发现很难跟上最新的发展。本空作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，用代词it。故填it。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：以银川为例：宁夏的一个城市，曾经被认为是“偏远的”，现在感觉比许多欧洲城市更现代化。本空作后置定语，修饰名词city，city与consider为被动关系，用过去分词considered。故填considered。 5．考查时态。句意：我采访的一位比利时土豆专家在过去三十年里访问了中国几十次，对这个国家有了平衡的了解。根据时间状语in the past three decades可知，用现在完成时，主语为A Belgian potato expert，助动词用has。故填has visited。 6．考查冠词。句意：同上。本空表示泛指，意为“一个平衡的理解”，且balanced以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．考查定语从句。句意：他带了许多学生去中国，其中一些人说，这些旅行完全改变了他们对这个亚洲国家的看法，与他们在西方媒体上听到的不同。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 8．考查名词所有格。句意：幸运的是，越来越多的欧洲人可以利用中国的免签政策来发现这个国家，亲眼看看那里的好与坏。本空修饰名词policy，表示所属关系，用名词所有格China’s。故填China’s。 9．考查介词。句意：好消息是，最近几个欧洲国家赴华旅游的预订量正在增加。本空表示“在增加”，用介词短语on the increase。故填on。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：要了解今天的中国，就必须超越旧的漫画和突发新闻。本空作目的状语，表示“为了了解”，用动词不定式to understand，句首单词，首字母大写。故填To understand。 三、阅读理解 When children head to the Fuller Cut barbershop reading a book out loud to their hairdresser，their parents can get a discount. Ryan Griffin, who works at the barber's in Ypsilanti，Michigan,，gives kids the options to pick the book they want to read. “Any help these kids can get with reading and comprehension is a big thing, ”Griffin told NPR. “You know, maybe someday some kids will grow up and be a journalist，be a writer，and he’ll say，‘You know what , when I was young，my barber used to make me read.’” Fuller Cut offers parents a $2 discount per haircut if the child reads a book out loud. Griffin said that although it might be a small amount, it helps parents’ pockets, helps kids’ education and can even make it a more enjoyable experience. The barber said he had seen a similar porgramme that encouraged children to read in New York, so he asked his boss if he could replicate it. When the programme was announced, Griffin said people in the area started to donate books to the barbershop for kids to choose from. He even said local teachers had given him credit for starting such a worthy project. During the haircut, he won't just listen to the story—he’ll ask the kids questions too to make sure they understand it. The barbershop updates customers on the books it has in store and reminds them of the offer frequently on Facebook. “More books are beginning to arrive at the Fuller Cut,” recent status reads. “I want to thank the barbers in Tampa Bay, Iowa & Harlem for inspiring me to join the initiative of promoting literacy by having our young brothers read to us.” 1．To get a discount for their parents, kids should . A．read in the way they like B．read what the hairdressers are fond of C．answer the hairdressers’ questions about the reading D．provide their own reading materials 2．What are people's attitude to the shop's programme? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Passive. D．Critical. 3．For this programme, the barbershop uses its Facebook to     . A．express appreciation to the book donors B．encourage people to donate more books C．attract more customers D．help kids enjoy reading 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．How to get discounted haircuts? B．A unique barbershop C．A barbershop's reading programme D．Book donation to a barbershop 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一家独特的理发店的阅读项目，孩子们在理发师面前按要求朗读及回答问题，父母理发就可以享受优惠。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。由文中“During the haircut, he won’t just listen to the story—he'll ask the kids questions too to make sure they understand it.”（在剪头发的过程中，他不仅会听故事，他还会问孩子问题，以确保他们理解故事。）可知，想得到折扣，孩子必须要回答理发师针对阅读材料所提的问题。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。由文中“When the programme was announced, Griffin said people in the area started to donate books to the barbershop for kids to choose from. He even said local teachers had given him credit for starting such a worthy project.”（格里芬说，当这个项目宣布的时候，当地的人们开始向理发店捐赠书籍，供孩子们选择。他甚至说，当地教师对他启动这样一个有价值的项目给予了赞扬。）可知，人们对该阅读项目的态度是支持的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。由文中“The barbershop updates customers on the books it has in store and reminds them of the offer frequently on Facebook“More books are beginning to arrive at the Fuller Cut,” recent status reads..”（理发店在店内更新顾客的书籍信息，并在 facebook 上频繁提醒他们这一优惠，并经常在Facebook上提醒他们这一优惠。越来越多的书开始出现在 Fuller Cut）可知，理发店用Facebook发布消息，目的之一是鼓励大家捐书。D项为干扰项。该理发店的阅读项目是为了帮助孩子阅读，但用Facebook的直接目的是呼吁人们捐书支持该项目。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段“When children head to the Fuller Cut barbershop reading a book out loud to their hairdresser，their parents can get a discount.”可知，文章介绍了一家独特的理发店的阅读项目，孩子们在理发师面前按要求朗读及回答问题，父母理发就可以享受优惠。所以“A barbershop's reading programme(理发店的阅读项目)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C项。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Times change!重难词汇精练 参考答案 一、重点单词 1. decade n. 十年；十年期 2. legendary adj. 大名鼎鼎的，传奇式的 3. elderly adj. 年老的 4. sympathy n. 同情 5. bunch n. 一群，一伙 6. leadership n. 领导；领导地位 7. humble adj. 简陋的 8. compete v. 竞争 9. emphasise v. 强调 10. journalist n. 新闻工作者；新闻记者 11. era n. 时代，年代 12. reform n. 改进；改革 13. pave v. 铺（路、地面等） 14. alongside prep. （与……）一起 15. initiative n. 倡议 16. solid adj. 坚实的 17. occupation n. 工作，职业 18. component n. 组成部分 19. category n. 类别 20. expand v. （使）扩大；增加 21. emotional adj. 情绪（上）的，情感（上）的 22. gesture n. 手势，姿势 23. facial adj. 脸上的；面部的 24. intention n. 意图，目的 25. adaptation n. 改编版 26. accessible adj. 易懂的 27. soul n. 精神 28. tendency n. 趋势 29. facilitate v. 促进；使便利 30. secondary adj. 次要的，第二位的 31. urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地 32. convincing adj. 有说服力的，使人信服的 二、词性转换 1. legendary adj. → legend n. → legendarily adv. 2. elderly adj. → elder adj./n. 3. sympathy n. → sympathize vi. → sympathetic adj. → sympathetically adv. 4. dusty adj. → dust n. 5. shelf n. 复数 shelves 6. exterior n./adj. ↔ interior n./adj.（反义词） 7. saleswoman n. 复数 saleswomen 8. leadership n. → lead v. → leader n. 9. organic adj. → organically adv. 10. recital n. → recite vt./vi. 11. humble adj. → humbly adv. → humility n. 12. compete v. → competition n. → competitor n. → competitive adj. 13. emphasise vt. → emphasis n. → emphatic adj. 14. reconstruction n. → construct vt. → construction n. 15. journalist n. → journalism n. → journal n. 16. reform n./v. → reformative adj. 17. pave vt. 过去式/过去分词 paved 18. socialist adj. → social adj. → society n. 19. initiative n. → initiate vt. → initial adj. 20. solid adj. → solidly adv. → solidity n. 21. economic adj. → economy n. → economical adj. 22. occupation n. → occupy vt. 23. integral adj. → integrate vt. → integrity n. 24. component n./adj. 25. category n. 复数 categories → categorical adj. 26. expand v. → expansion n. → expansive adj. 三、核心短语 1. have a say on…对……有发言权 2. drop in 偶然(或顺便)走访 3. drop by 顺便拜访 4. wave goodbye to 向……挥手告别 5. for good 永久地；一劳永逸地 6. in good hands 得力助手 7. take over 接管；接收 8. pop up 突然出现，突然弹出 9. reply with 以……作答 10. search for 寻找；搜索 11. a string of 一系列，一串 12. spread to 传到，蔓延到 四、单词拼写 1．decade 2．sympathy 3．elderly 4．elderly 5．humble 6．decade 7．emotional 8．decades 9．decades 10．soul 五、完成句子 1．his chest expanded with each proud breath 2．expands our minds 3．①would rather give lectures to the students than be invited to ②would give lectures to the students rather than be invited to ③prefers to give lectures to the students rather than be invited to 4．transformed maritime history；serving as solid proof of peaceful diplomacy 5．everything I wanted it to offer to the community 6．in search of/to search for 7．a；gesture；of 8．expand；the；vocabulary；skills 9．which is called/that is called 10．In our daily lives, it is technology that plays a vital role in simplifying tasks and enhancing our experiences, as can be seen in smart phones which allow us to communicate instantly. 六、单句语法填空 1．allowed 2．intention 3．competition 4．educator 5．education 6．with/against 7．were being made 8．convincing 9．for；with 10．economic 一、完形填空 1．C　2．D　3．B　4．A　5．B 6．A　7．C　8．D　9．A　10．D 11．B　12．A　13．C　14．D　15．C 二、语法填空 1．helpful 2．if/whether 3．it 4．considered 5．has visited 6．a 7．whom 8．China’s 9．on 10．To understand 三、阅读理解 1．C　2．A　3．B　4．C 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $