Unit 2 Improving yourself 过去完成时的被动语态（核心语法精练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 聚焦过去完成时的被动语态，构建“定义-结构-用法-辨析”四层知识逻辑，通过分层训练实现从基础到语篇的能力迁移，提升语言应用与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|6大板块解析（含定义、结构等）|核心用法3类（过去的过去等）、易混时态2组对比、句子成分拆分|概念生成（定义→结构）、原理推导（用法→标志词）| |考点夯基|单选12题+填空10题+完成句子10题+句型转换10题|时态辨析技巧、被动结构转换方法|应用训练（单句语法→句式转换）| |综合提升|3类语篇题（阅读、完形、语法填空）|语篇语境中时态判断|拓展迁移（单句→语篇综合应用）|

Unit2 Improving yourself核心语法精练 过去完成时的被动语态 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、单句语法填空 11 三、完成句子 12 三、综合提升 14 一、阅读理解 14 二、完形填空 14 二、语法填空 18 过去完成时的被动语态 板块 细分条目 构成/要点 例句 时态定义 过去完成时的被动语态 表示过去某一时间或动作之前，已经被完成的被动动作。动作发生在“过去的过去”，侧重被动承受，强调动作完成性，不强调动作执行者。 The bridge had been finished before the rainy season came. 雨季来临前，这座桥就已竣工。 基本句式结构 肯定句 主语 + had been + 过去分词(done)无人称、数的变化，所有人称统一用had All the tasks had been completed by yesterday. 截止昨天，所有任务都已完成。 否定句 主语 + had not (hadn’t) been + 过去分词(done) The problem hadn’t been solved when the meeting started. 会议开始时，这个问题还未解决。 一般疑问句 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词(done)？肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t. Had the new rules been carried out before last month? 上个月之前新规则就已经实施了吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + had + 主语 + been + 过去分词(done)？ What had been prepared for the sports meeting before last Friday? 上周五之前运动会都准备了什么？ 核心用法 用法1：过去的过去 句中有两个过去动作，被动动作先发生，主动动作后发生，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时的被动语态。 When I arrived, all the seats had been taken. 我到达时，所有座位都已被占满。 用法2：截止过去某时完成 搭配by/by the end of/before + 过去时间点，表截止该时间已完成的被动动作。 By the end of last year, 100 new trees had been planted. 截止去年年底，已经栽种了100棵新树。 用法3：虚拟语气固定用法 在if引导的虚拟条件句中，表与过去事实相反的假设，常用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been told the news earlier, I would have prepared well. 如果我早点被告知消息，我就能好好准备了。 高频时间标志词 固定时间状语 by then、by last year、by the end of + 过去年份/时间、before + 过去时间、when + 一般过去时从句 Before 2020, many old houses had been rebuilt. 2020年之前，许多老房子就已重建完毕。 易混时态辨析 过去完成时被动 vs 一般过去时被动 1. 过去完成时被动：过去的过去，强调先后顺序、动作完成2. 一般过去时被动：单纯过去发生的被动动作，无先后对比 ①The door was locked yesterday.（单纯过去被动）②The door had been locked before I came.（先锁门，后到来） 过去完成时被动 vs 现在完成时被动 1. 现在完成被动：截止现在完成的被动动作2. 过去完成被动：截止过去某时完成的被动动作 ①Many books have been donated till now.（至今）②Many books had been donated till last term.（截止上学期） 句子成分拆分 整体句子成分 had been + 过去分词 整体构成复合谓语；had为助动词，been为系动词，过去分词为实义核心，三者不可拆分。 The plan had been made. 复合谓语：had been made 一、单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．By the time he got to the station, the train ______. A．had left B．had been left C．had been leaving D．was left 2．The classroom ______ before the teacher came in. A．had cleaned B．had been cleaned C．was cleaning D．has been cleaned 3．The scientist told us that the experiment ______ successfully before we arrived. A．had completed B．has been completed C．had been completed D．was completed 4．—Why was the meeting put off? —Because the hall ______ by the time we got there. A．had been occupied B．had occupied C．was occupied D．has been occupied 5．More than 100 people ______ in the hurricane, the newspaper reported. A．had been killed B．have been killed C．were killed D．had killed 6．It was the third time that the young athlete ______ the first prize in the competition. A．had awarded B．has been awarded C．had been awarded D．was awarded 7．All the tickets ______ by the time we arrived at the cinema. A．had sold out B．have been sold out C．had been sold out D．were sold out 8．The old bridge ______ before the new one was built. A．had been pulled down B．has been pulled down C．was pulled down D．had pulled down 9．She said the letters ______ to the wrong address. A．had been sent B．have been sent C．were sent D．had sent 10．By the time he was 13, my brother ______ to a boarding school. A．had sent B．has been sent C．had been sent D．was sent 11．The project ______ before we joined in the work. A．had been finished B．has been finished C．was finished D．had finished 12．He had to leave his house because it ______ by the flood. A．had destroyed B．had been destroyed C．has been destroyed D．was destroyed 二、单句语法填空 在空白处填入括号内动词的正确形式（过去完成时的被动语态形式）。 1．At the start of the detox, over 100 students ______ (persuade) to stop using social media for seven days. 2．They ______ (promise) money by family and friends for each day spent without using social media. 3．I can see how much of my time ______ (occupy) with checking my phone before the detox. 4．By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment ______ (do). 5．The classroom ______ (not clean) before the students arrived. 6．He told us that the books ______ already ______ (sell) out. 7．By the end of last year, five new buildings ______ (build) in our school. 8．It was the first time that she ______ (criticize) in public. 9．The report said more than 100 people ______ (kill) in the accident. 10．By the time we got there, all the tickets ______ (sell) out. 三、完成句子 根据中文意思，用过去完成时的被动语态完成下列句子。 1．在我们实施这项计划之前，已经提出了各种不同的想法。 Various ideas ______ before we carried out the plan. 2．消息传来说李明被北京大学录取了。 Word came that Li Ming ______ by Peking University. 3．这个新结论在开会前讨论过吗？ ______ the new conclusion ______ before the meeting started? 4．到昨天中午为止，证据已经被发现了。 The evidence ______ before 12:00 yesterday. 5．他离开房间时，所有的灯都已经关了。 All the lights ______ when he left the room. 6．到上周五为止，那本小说已经被翻译成十种语言了。 By last Friday, the novel ______ into ten languages. 7．在我到达之前，会议已经被推迟了。 The meeting ______ before I arrived. 8．那位老人告诉我，那座寺庙在战争期间被毁坏了。 The old man told me that the temple ______ during the war. 9．在找到正确的解决方案之前，已经尝试了多种方法。 Many methods ______ before the right solution was found. 10．到那时，所有必要的准备工作都已经完成了。 By then, all the necessary preparations ______. 四、句型转换 将下列句子改为过去完成时的被动语态。 1．Jerry had received the check just in time. . 2．The cat had chased the bird before it flew out of the yard. . 3．Had he not painted the picture before his father came? . 4．The workers had completed the bridge by the end of last year. . 5．Someone had cleaned the office before we arrived. . 6．The students had finished all the tasks before the teacher came back. . 7．We had planted over 500 trees by the end of last month. . 8．The government had built three new schools in the area. . 9．Had they discussed the plan before the meeting? . 10．The heavy rain had damaged many houses in the village. . 一、阅读理解 A Last term, our school held its first drama festival. All classes prepared a short play, and my classmates chose me to play the leading role. At first, I felt extremely worried because I had never performed on stage before. I was afraid I would forget my lines or move nervously in front of the audience. My drama teacher encouraged me not to give up. She told me that even professional actors feel nervous, and that courage comes from practice. I recited lines whenever I was free, practiced in front of my family, and recorded myself to improve my expressions and gestures. On the night of the show, I waited backstage with my hands shaking. When the curtain opened, I took a deep breath and stepped forward. Soon I forgot my nervousness and focused completely on the role. The audience laughed at the funny lines and applauded warmly. After the show, many people praised my performance. That night made me realize that nothing is impossible if you keep trying. This experience taught me the importance of perseverance and gave me much more confidence. 1．Why did the writer feel worried at first? A．The play was too difficult. B．She had no stage experience. C．No one helped her practice. D．She disliked acting in public. 2．What helped the writer perform well? A．Repeated practice and encouragement. B．Staying relaxed without practice. C．Watching many famous films. D．Performing without preparation. 3．What does the underlined word “perseverance” mean? A．Good acting skills. B．Strong body language. C．The ability to keep trying. D．The talent for performance. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Our School’s New Theatre. B．How to Become a Famous Actor. C．Advice on Choosing a Play. D．My First Unforgettable Stage Experience. 二、完形填空 B Cooperation is important in everyday life. People need to work together to achieve great things. I learned this 5 years ago. I was on a soccer team, usually on defence. It was easy, and I felt confident. 6 , one teammate got sick, so we had to change 7 . I moved to offence (进攻) . When the game started, audiences shouted for encouragement. The score was close. In the second half, our goals were matched by theirs and it was extremely hard trying to pull ahead. I was slower and hardly got the ball, but 8 to score. Then a teammate fell down and got hurt. We 9 on him. After he was OK, the game restarted. Throughout the match, everyone played as individuals, instead of a 10 . Whoever had the ball kept it for as long as they could, desiring the final honour. The game was almost over. I finally had the ball! I ran toward the goal, but players in the opposite team 11 me. I couldn’t go anywhere. Suddenly, I noticed the teammate who had got hurt earlier. He had a clear shot. I didn’t 12 who would score then; I just wanted to win. I aimed and kicked firmly. The ball flew to him, and he raced down the field. Every one of us waited 13 as it rolled past the goalkeeper into the net. We won! That day, I realised I didn’t need to be the 14 . Working with others for a team to win is truly the best choice. 5．A．lesson B．topic C．game D．plan 6．A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Instead 7．A．conditions B．positions C．solutions D．directions 8．A．nervous B．shy C．afraid D．eager 9．A．checked B．depended C．called D．reflected 10．A．club B．team C．class D．champion 11．A．touched B．followed C．surrounded D．pushed 12．A．remember B．imagine C．mind D．find 13．A．hopelessly B．patiently C．seriously D．anxiously 14．A．player B．hero C．leader D．coach 三、语法填空 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Liu Yu 15 (work) in a big company in Beijing now and he 16 (graduate) from Cambridge University. He 17 (offer) a chance to work in an international company in the UK before he graduated. What’s more, he 18 (admit) to the University of Oxford for further education, which made him overjoyed. However, when he heard of the news that what he learned 19 (need) badly at home, he made up his mind to come back to do his part. His professor felt sorry for him because great achievement 20 (make) in his field even before he was in his third year at university. The professor tried his best to persuade him to stay there but 21 (refuse). And now he 22 (be) back for four years and a great breakthrough 23 (make) so far and he 24 (become) a leading scholar in his field. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit2 Improving yourself核心语法精练 参考答案 一、单项选择 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．B 二、单句语法填空 1．had been persuaded 2．had been promised 3．had been occupied 4．had been done 5．hadn’t been cleaned 6．had；been sold 7．had been built 8．had been criticized 9．had been killed 10．had been sold 三、完成句子 1．had been put forward 2．had been admitted 3．Had；been discussed 4．had been discovered 5．had been turned off 6．had been translated 7．had been put off 8．had been destroyed 9．had been tried 10．had been made 四、句型转换 1．The check had been received by Jerry just in time. 2．The bird had been chased by the cat before it flew out of the yard. 3．Had the picture not been painted by him before his father came? 4．The bridge had been completed by the workers by the end of last year. 5．The office had been cleaned before we arrived. 6．All the tasks had been finished by the students before the teacher came back. 7．Over 500 trees had been planted by us by the end of last month. 8．Three new schools had been built by the government in the area. 9．Had the plan been discussed by them before the meeting? 10．Many houses in the village had been damaged by the heavy rain. 一、阅读理解A 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 二、完形填空B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．B 三、语法填空 C 15．is working 16．graduated 17．had been offered 18．had been admitted 19．is needed 20．had been made 21．was refused 22．has been 23．has been made 24．has become 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit2 Improving yourself核心语法精练 过去完成时的被动语态 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、单句语法填空 11 三、完成句子 12 三、综合提升 14 一、阅读理解 14 二、完形填空 14 二、语法填空 18 过去完成时的被动语态 板块 细分条目 构成/要点 例句 时态定义 过去完成时的被动语态 表示过去某一时间或动作之前，已经被完成的被动动作。动作发生在“过去的过去”，侧重被动承受，强调动作完成性，不强调动作执行者。 The bridge had been finished before the rainy season came. 雨季来临前，这座桥就已竣工。 基本句式结构 肯定句 主语 + had been + 过去分词(done)无人称、数的变化，所有人称统一用had All the tasks had been completed by yesterday. 截止昨天，所有任务都已完成。 否定句 主语 + had not (hadn’t) been + 过去分词(done) The problem hadn’t been solved when the meeting started. 会议开始时，这个问题还未解决。 一般疑问句 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词(done)？肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t. Had the new rules been carried out before last month? 上个月之前新规则就已经实施了吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + had + 主语 + been + 过去分词(done)？ What had been prepared for the sports meeting before last Friday? 上周五之前运动会都准备了什么？ 核心用法 用法1：过去的过去 句中有两个过去动作，被动动作先发生，主动动作后发生，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时的被动语态。 When I arrived, all the seats had been taken. 我到达时，所有座位都已被占满。 用法2：截止过去某时完成 搭配by/by the end of/before + 过去时间点，表截止该时间已完成的被动动作。 By the end of last year, 100 new trees had been planted. 截止去年年底，已经栽种了100棵新树。 用法3：虚拟语气固定用法 在if引导的虚拟条件句中，表与过去事实相反的假设，常用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been told the news earlier, I would have prepared well. 如果我早点被告知消息，我就能好好准备了。 高频时间标志词 固定时间状语 by then、by last year、by the end of + 过去年份/时间、before + 过去时间、when + 一般过去时从句 Before 2020, many old houses had been rebuilt. 2020年之前，许多老房子就已重建完毕。 易混时态辨析 过去完成时被动 vs 一般过去时被动 1. 过去完成时被动：过去的过去，强调先后顺序、动作完成2. 一般过去时被动：单纯过去发生的被动动作，无先后对比 ①The door was locked yesterday.（单纯过去被动）②The door had been locked before I came.（先锁门，后到来） 过去完成时被动 vs 现在完成时被动 1. 现在完成被动：截止现在完成的被动动作2. 过去完成被动：截止过去某时完成的被动动作 ①Many books have been donated till now.（至今）②Many books had been donated till last term.（截止上学期） 句子成分拆分 整体句子成分 had been + 过去分词 整体构成复合谓语；had为助动词，been为系动词，过去分词为实义核心，三者不可拆分。 The plan had been made. 复合谓语：had been made 一、单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．By the time he got to the station, the train ______. A．had left B．had been left C．had been leaving D．was left 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。by the time引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”发生的动作。train与leave之间为主动关系，故用主动语态。故选A项。 2．The classroom ______ before the teacher came in. A．had cleaned B．had been cleaned C．was cleaning D．has been cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：老师进来之前，教室已经被打扫过了。根据“before the teacher came in”可知，打扫动作发生在“老师进来”这一过去动作之前，且classroom与clean之间为被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态had been cleaned。故选B项。 3．The scientist told us that the experiment ______ successfully before we arrived. A．had completed B．has been completed C．had been completed D．was completed 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：那位科学家告诉我们，在我们到达之前，实验已经成功完成了。experiment与complete之间为被动关系，且完成发生在“我们到达”这一过去动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 4．—Why was the meeting put off? —Because the hall ______ by the time we got there. A．had been occupied B．had occupied C．was occupied D．has been occupied 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：——会议为什么推迟了？——因为我们到达的时候，大厅已经被占用了。hall与occupy之间为被动关系，且占用发生在“我们到达”之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A项。 5．More than 100 people ______ in the hurricane, the newspaper reported. A．had been killed B．have been killed C．were killed D．had killed 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：报纸报道，有一百多人在飓风中丧生。people与kill之间为被动关系，且死亡发生在“报纸报道”这一过去动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A项。 6．It was the third time that the young athlete ______ the first prize in the competition. A．had awarded B．has been awarded C．had been awarded D．was awarded 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：那是这位年轻运动员第三次在比赛中被授予一等奖。在“It was the first/second/third... time that...”句型中，that从句用过去完成时。athlete与award之间为被动关系，故用had been awarded。故选C项。 7．All the tickets ______ by the time we arrived at the cinema. A．had sold out B．have been sold out C．had been sold out D．were sold out 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：我们到达电影院时，所有的票都已经售罄了。tickets与sell out之间为被动关系，且售罄发生在“我们到达”之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 8．The old bridge ______ before the new one was built. A．had been pulled down B．has been pulled down C．was pulled down D．had pulled down 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：在新桥建成之前，那座旧桥已经被拆除了。bridge与pull down之间为被动关系，且拆除发生在“新桥建成”这一过去动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A项。 9．She said the letters ______ to the wrong address. A．had been sent B．have been sent C．were sent D．had sent 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：她说那些信被寄到了错误的地址。letters与send之间为被动关系，且寄信发生在“她说”这一过去动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A项。 10．By the time he was 13, my brother ______ to a boarding school. A．had sent B．has been sent C．had been sent D．was sent 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：我弟弟13岁时就已经被送到寄宿学校了。brother与send之间为被动关系，且送走发生在“他13岁时”这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 11．The project ______ before we joined in the work. A．had been finished B．has been finished C．was finished D．had finished 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：在我们加入这项工作之前，项目已经完成了。project与finish之间为被动关系，且完成发生在“我们加入”这一过去动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A项。 12．He had to leave his house because it ______ by the flood. A．had destroyed B．had been destroyed C．has been destroyed D．was destroyed 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：他不得不离开他的房子，因为它已经被洪水摧毁了。it（指房子）与destroy之间为被动关系，且摧毁发生在“他离开”这一过去动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B项。 二、单句语法填空 在空白处填入括号内动词的正确形式（过去完成时的被动语态形式）。 1．At the start of the detox, over 100 students ______ (persuade) to stop using social media for seven days. 【答案】had been persuaded 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：脱瘾活动初期，100多名学生被说服停止使用社交媒体七天。students与persuade之间为被动关系，且发生在过去（脱瘾活动开始时），故填had been persuaded。 2．They ______ (promise) money by family and friends for each day spent without using social media. 【答案】had been promised 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：他们被家人和朋友承诺，每脱离社交媒体一天就能得到钱。They与promise之间为被动关系，动作发生在过去，故填had been promised。 3．I can see how much of my time ______ (occupy) with checking my phone before the detox. 【答案】had been occupied 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：我能看出在脱瘾之前我的多少时间被查看手机占据了。time与occupy之间为被动关系，且发生在过去的过去（脱瘾之前），故填had been occupied。 4．By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment ______ (do). 【答案】had been done 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：老师进来的时候，第一个实验已经完成了。experiment与do之间为被动关系，且发生在“老师进来”之前，故填had been done。 5．The classroom ______ (not clean) before the students arrived. 【答案】hadn’t been cleaned 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态的否定式。句意：学生们到达之前教室还没有打扫。classroom与clean之间为被动关系，且发生在“学生们到达”之前，否定式用hadn’t been cleaned。 6．He told us that the books ______ already ______ (sell) out. 【答案】had；been sold 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：他告诉我们书已经卖完了。books与sell之间为被动关系，且发生在“他告诉我们”之前，故填had been sold。 7．By the end of last year, five new buildings ______ (build) in our school. 【答案】had been built 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：到去年年底，我们学校已经建了五栋新楼。buildings与build之间为被动关系，“by the end of last year”表示过去的时间点，故用had been built。 8．It was the first time that she ______ (criticize) in public. 【答案】had been criticized 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：那是她第一次在公众面前受到批评。在“It was the first time that...”句型中，从句用过去完成时，且she与criticize之间为被动关系，故填had been criticized。 9．The report said more than 100 people ______ (kill) in the accident. 【答案】had been killed 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：报道说有一百多人在这次事故中丧生。people与kill之间为被动关系，且发生在“报道”之前，故填had been killed。 10．By the time we got there, all the tickets ______ (sell) out. 【答案】had been sold 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：我们到达那里时，所有的票都卖完了。tickets与sell之间为被动关系，且发生在“我们到达”之前，故填had been sold。 三、完成句子 根据中文意思，用过去完成时的被动语态完成下列句子。 1．在我们实施这项计划之前，已经提出了各种不同的想法。 Various ideas ______ before we carried out the plan. 【答案】had been put forward 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。“ideas”与“put forward”之间为被动关系，且提出发生在“实施计划”之前，故填had been put forward。 2．消息传来说李明被北京大学录取了。 Word came that Li Ming ______ by Peking University. 【答案】had been admitted 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。Li Ming与admit之间为被动关系，且录取发生在“消息传来”这一过去动作之前，故填had been admitted。 3．这个新结论在开会前讨论过吗？ ______ the new conclusion ______ before the meeting started? 【答案】Had；been discussed 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句。conclusion与discuss之间为被动关系，且讨论发生在“开会”之前，一般疑问句将Had置于主语之前。 4．到昨天中午为止，证据已经被发现了。 The evidence ______ before 12:00 yesterday. 【答案】had been discovered 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。evidence与discover之间为被动关系，“before 12:00 yesterday”表示过去的时间点，故填had been discovered。 5．他离开房间时，所有的灯都已经关了。 All the lights ______ when he left the room. 【答案】had been turned off 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。lights与turn off之间为被动关系，且关灯发生在“他离开”之前，故填had been turned off。 6．到上周五为止，那本小说已经被翻译成十种语言了。 By last Friday, the novel ______ into ten languages. 【答案】had been translated 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。novel与translate之间为被动关系，“by last Friday”表示过去的时间点，故填had been translated。 7．在我到达之前，会议已经被推迟了。 The meeting ______ before I arrived. 【答案】had been put off 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。meeting与put off之间为被动关系，且推迟发生在“我到达”之前，故填had been put off。 8．那位老人告诉我，那座寺庙在战争期间被毁坏了。 The old man told me that the temple ______ during the war. 【答案】had been destroyed 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。temple与destroy之间为被动关系，且毁坏发生在“老人告诉我”之前，故填had been destroyed。 9．在找到正确的解决方案之前，已经尝试了多种方法。 Many methods ______ before the right solution was found. 【答案】had been tried 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。methods与try之间为被动关系，且尝试发生在“找到正确解决方案”之前，故填had been tried。 10．到那时，所有必要的准备工作都已经完成了。 By then, all the necessary preparations ______. 【答案】had been made 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。preparations与make之间为被动关系，“by then”指过去的某个时间点，故填had been made。 四、句型转换 将下列句子改为过去完成时的被动语态。 1．Jerry had received the check just in time. 【答案】The check had been received by Jerry just in time. 【解析】将主动语态的宾语the check变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been received，原主语Jerry变为by Jerry。 2．The cat had chased the bird before it flew out of the yard. 【答案】The bird had been chased by the cat before it flew out of the yard. 【解析】将主动语态的宾语the bird变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been chased，原主语the cat变为by the cat。 3．Had he not painted the picture before his father came? 【答案】Had the picture not been painted by him before his father came? 【解析】将主动语态的宾语the picture变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been painted，原主语he变为by him，保持疑问句语序。 4．The workers had completed the bridge by the end of last year. 【答案】The bridge had been completed by the workers by the end of last year. 【解析】将主动语态的宾语the bridge变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been completed，原主语the workers变为by the workers。 5．Someone had cleaned the office before we arrived. 【答案】The office had been cleaned before we arrived. 【解析】将主动语态的宾语the office变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been cleaned。动作执行者不明，可省略by短语。 6．The students had finished all the tasks before the teacher came back. 【答案】All the tasks had been finished by the students before the teacher came back. 【解析】将主动语态的宾语all the tasks变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been finished，原主语the students变为by the students。 7．We had planted over 500 trees by the end of last month. 【答案】Over 500 trees had been planted by us by the end of last month. 【解析】将主动语态的宾语over 500 trees变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been planted，原主语we变为by us。 8．The government had built three new schools in the area. 【答案】Three new schools had been built by the government in the area. 【解析】将主动语态的宾语three new schools变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been built，原主语the government变为by the government。 9．Had they discussed the plan before the meeting? 【答案】Had the plan been discussed by them before the meeting? 【解析】将主动语态的宾语the plan变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been discussed，原主语they变为by them，保持疑问句语序。 10．The heavy rain had damaged many houses in the village. 【答案】Many houses in the village had been damaged by the heavy rain. 【解析】将主动语态的宾语many houses变为被动语态的主语，谓语动词改为had been damaged，原主语the heavy rain变为by the heavy rain。 一、阅读理解 A Last term, our school held its first drama festival. All classes prepared a short play, and my classmates chose me to play the leading role. At first, I felt extremely worried because I had never performed on stage before. I was afraid I would forget my lines or move nervously in front of the audience. My drama teacher encouraged me not to give up. She told me that even professional actors feel nervous, and that courage comes from practice. I recited lines whenever I was free, practiced in front of my family, and recorded myself to improve my expressions and gestures. On the night of the show, I waited backstage with my hands shaking. When the curtain opened, I took a deep breath and stepped forward. Soon I forgot my nervousness and focused completely on the role. The audience laughed at the funny lines and applauded warmly. After the show, many people praised my performance. That night made me realize that nothing is impossible if you keep trying. This experience taught me the importance of perseverance and gave me much more confidence. 1．Why did the writer feel worried at first? A．The play was too difficult. B．She had no stage experience. C．No one helped her practice. D．She disliked acting in public. 2．What helped the writer perform well? A．Repeated practice and encouragement. B．Staying relaxed without practice. C．Watching many famous films. D．Performing without preparation. 3．What does the underlined word “perseverance” mean? A．Good acting skills. B．Strong body language. C．The ability to keep trying. D．The talent for performance. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Our School’s New Theatre. B．How to Become a Famous Actor. C．Advice on Choosing a Play. D．My First Unforgettable Stage Experience. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者第一次参加校园戏剧节、从紧张担心到刻苦练习，最终成功登台表演并收获自信与成长的难忘经历。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At first, I felt extremely worried because I had never performed on stage before.(起初，我感到非常担心，因为我以前从未在舞台上表演过)”可知，作者起初感到担心是因为她没有任何舞台经验。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My drama teacher encouraged me not to give up.(我的戏剧老师鼓励我不要放弃)”以及“I recited lines whenever I was free, practiced in front of my family, and recorded myself to improve my expressions and gestures.(一有空我就背诵台词，在家人面前练习，还会录制自己的表现来改进神态和肢体动作)”可知，老师的鼓励和作者反复的练习帮助她最终在舞台上表现出色。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段画线词“perseverance”的前一句“That night made me realize that nothing is impossible if you keep trying.(那天晚上让我意识到，只要你不断尝试，没有什么是不可能的)”可知，作者通过这次经历明白了不断尝试的重要性，由此可推断出画线词含有“不断尝试的能力”之意，与C项相吻合。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者第一次在学校戏剧节上登台表演的经历，结合尾段“After the show, many people praised my performance. That night made me realize that nothing is impossible if you keep trying. This experience taught me the importance of perseverance and gave me much more confidence.(演出结束后，许多人都称赞了我的表现。那个夜晚让我明白，只要不断尝试，一切皆有可能。这段经历让我懂得了坚持的重要性，也让我变得更加自信)”可知，D项表示“我第一次难忘的舞台经历”能概括全文主旨，适合作为文章标题。 二、完形填空 B Cooperation is important in everyday life. People need to work together to achieve great things. I learned this 5 years ago. I was on a soccer team, usually on defence. It was easy, and I felt confident. 6 , one teammate got sick, so we had to change 7 . I moved to offence (进攻) . When the game started, audiences shouted for encouragement. The score was close. In the second half, our goals were matched by theirs and it was extremely hard trying to pull ahead. I was slower and hardly got the ball, but 8 to score. Then a teammate fell down and got hurt. We 9 on him. After he was OK, the game restarted. Throughout the match, everyone played as individuals, instead of a 10 . Whoever had the ball kept it for as long as they could, desiring the final honour. The game was almost over. I finally had the ball! I ran toward the goal, but players in the opposite team 11 me. I couldn’t go anywhere. Suddenly, I noticed the teammate who had got hurt earlier. He had a clear shot. I didn’t 12 who would score then; I just wanted to win. I aimed and kicked firmly. The ball flew to him, and he raced down the field. Every one of us waited 13 as it rolled past the goalkeeper into the net. We won! That day, I realised I didn’t need to be the 14 . Working with others for a team to win is truly the best choice. 5．A．lesson B．topic C．game D．plan 6．A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Instead 7．A．conditions B．positions C．solutions D．directions 8．A．nervous B．shy C．afraid D．eager 9．A．checked B．depended C．called D．reflected 10．A．club B．team C．class D．champion 11．A．touched B．followed C．surrounded D．pushed 12．A．remember B．imagine C．mind D．find 13．A．hopelessly B．patiently C．seriously D．anxiously 14．A．player B．hero C．leader D．coach 【答案】 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一场足球赛中，从只关注个人表现到领悟团队合作重要性的经历，揭示了“团队协作比个人英雄主义更能带来胜利”的道理。 【详解】5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我多年前就学到了这个教训。A. lesson教训；B. topic话题；C. game比赛；D. plan计划。根据下文“Working with others for a team to win is truly the best choice”可知，作者通过球赛领悟了团队合作的道理。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一名队友生病了，所以我们不得不调整位置。A. Besides此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Instead反而。根据上文“I was on a soccer team, usually on defence. It was easy, and I felt confident”可知，作者原本踢后卫很轻松，下文描述突发状况，此处用“However”表示转折。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不得不调整位置。A. conditions条件；B. positions位置；C. solutions解决办法；D. directions方向。根据下文“I moved to offence”可知，此处指球员位置的变动。故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我跑得很慢，几乎拿不到球，但渴望进球。A. nervous紧张的；B. shy害羞的；C. afraid害怕的；D. eager渴望的。根据上文“The score was close”可知，比分胶着，体现了作者想要得分的迫切心情。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：我们查看了他的情况。A. checked查看；B. depended依靠；C. called呼叫；D. reflected反思。根据上文“Then a teammate fell down and got hurt”可知，队友受伤了，大家查看他的状况。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：整场比赛，每个人都在单打独斗，而不是作为一个团队在作战。A. club俱乐部；B. team团队；C. class班级；D. champion冠军。根据上文“Throughout the match, everyone played as individuals”可知，每个人都只顾自己踢，完全不像一个整体，不是作为一个团队，此处与“individuals”相对，“team”表示“团队”。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我朝球门跑去，但对方球员把我包围了。A. touched触碰；B. followed跟随；C. surrounded包围；D. pushed推。根据下文“I couldn’t go anywhere”可知，作者被对方球员围住了。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不在意谁来进球，我只想赢。A. remember记得；B. imagine想象；C. mind在意；D. find发现。根据下文“I just wanted to win”可知，作者此时只关注团队胜利、不计较个人功劳。故选C。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都焦急地等待着球滚过守门员入网。A. hopelessly绝望地；B. patiently耐心地；C. seriously严肃地；D. anxiously焦急地。根据上文“The ball flew to him, and he raced down the field”可知，这是比赛的关键时刻，大家的心情紧张又期待。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天我意识到，我不需要成为英雄。A. player球员；B. hero英雄；C. leader领袖；D. coach教练。根据下文“Working with others for a team to win is truly the best choice”可知，作者认识到团队合作比个人英雄主义更重要。故选B。 三、语法填空 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Liu Yu 15 (work) in a big company in Beijing now and he 16 (graduate) from Cambridge University. He 17 (offer) a chance to work in an international company in the UK before he graduated. What’s more, he 18 (admit) to the University of Oxford for further education, which made him overjoyed. However, when he heard of the news that what he learned 19 (need) badly at home, he made up his mind to come back to do his part. His professor felt sorry for him because great achievement 20 (make) in his field even before he was in his third year at university. The professor tried his best to persuade him to stay there but 21 (refuse). And now he 22 (be) back for four years and a great breakthrough 23 (make) so far and he 24 (become) a leading scholar in his field. 【答案】 15．is working 16．graduated 17．had been offered 18．had been admitted 19．is needed 20．had been made 21．was refused 22．has been 23．has been made 24．has become 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了当国家需要时，本来可以在国外大有作为的刘宇回国做贡献的故事。 【详解】15．考查动词时态。句意：刘宇现在在北京的一家大公司工作，他毕业于剑桥大学。根据“now”可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，其结构为“am/is/are +现在分词”，主语Liu Yu是第三人称单数，所以用is working。故填is working。 16．考查动词时态。句意：刘宇现在在北京的一家大公司工作，他毕业于剑桥大学。此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，graduate的过去式为graduated。故填graduated。 17．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在毕业前，他就已经获得了在英国一家国际公司工作的机会。根据“before he graduated”可知，“offer”这一动作发生在“graduated”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时；且he与offer之间是被动关系，即“他被提供机会”，应用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been +过去分词”，offer的过去分词为offered。故填had been offered。 18．考查动词时态和语态。句意：此外，他还被牛津大学录取继续深造，这让他欣喜若狂。根据语境及“made”可知，“admit”这一动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时；且he与admit之间是被动关系，即“他被牛津大学录取”，应用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been +过去分词”，admit的过去分词为admitted。故填had been admitted。 19．考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，当他听说国内急需他所学的知识时，他下定决心回国尽自己的一份力。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；又因what he learned与need之间是被动关系，即“他所学的知识被需要”，应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语what he learned是第三人称单数，所以用is needed。故填is needed。 20．考查动词时态和语态。句意：他的教授为他感到惋惜，因为甚至在他大学三年级之前，他就在自己的领域取得了巨大成就。根据“before he was in his third year at university”可知，“make”这一动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时；且achievement与make之间是被动关系，即“成就被取得”，应用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been +过去分词”，make的过去分词为made。故填had been made。 21．考查动词时态和语态。句意：教授尽力劝说他留在那里，但被拒绝了。此处描述过去发生的事情，且the professor与refuse之间是被动关系，即“教授被拒绝”，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语the professor是第三人称单数，所以用was refused。故填was refused。 22．考查动词时态。句意：现在他已经回国四年了，到目前为止已经取得了重大突破，他已经成为他所在领域的顶尖学者。根据“for four years”及“now”可知，此处表示从过去一直持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语he是第三人称单数，所以用has been。故填has been。 23．考查动词时态和语态。句意：现在他已经回国四年了，到目前为止已经取得了重大突破，他已经成为他所在领域的顶尖学者。根据“so far”可知，此处应用现在完成时；又因breakthrough与make之间是被动关系，即“突破被取得”，应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has been +过去分词”，主语a great breakthrough是第三人称单数，所以用has been made。故填has been made。 24．考查动词时态。句意：现在他已经回国四年了，到目前为止已经取得了重大突破，他已经成为他所在领域的顶尖学者。根据“so far”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语he是第三人称单数，所以用has become。故填has become。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $