Unit 3 Paying the Price 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2020选择性必修第一册

Unit 3 Paying the Price 核心语法精练（过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. When I got to the meeting room, the report ________ (give) by Mr. Smith, so I missed most of it. 2. By the end of last year, more than 50 new books ________ (publish) by this publishing house. 3. The old building ________ (pull) down when the government stopped the project suddenly. 4. It was reported that the stolen car ________ (find) before the police arrived at the scene. 5. This time yesterday, my homework ________ (check) by my teacher, so I couldn’t go out to play. 6. Before the concert started, all the tickets ________ (sell) out, so many fans had to leave. 7. The bridge ________ (build) when a heavy rain hit the area last month. 8. He said that the problem ________ (solve) by the team before he joined in. 9. Was the machine ________ (repair) by the worker at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon? 10. By the time she graduated from college, she ________ (award) three scholarships for her excellent grades. 11. The letters ________ (type) by the secretary when the power went off suddenly. 12. The project ________ (complete) before the deadline, which made the boss very satisfied. 13. When we visited the factory, some new products ________ (test) by the technicians. 14. I didn’t know that the film ________ (show) twice in our school before last week. 15. The damaged road ________ (repair) when the traffic accident happened again. 16. By last summer, the old library ________ (replace) by a modern one in our community. 17. The plan ________ (discuss) by the leaders when the unexpected news came. 18. She told me that her mobile phone ________ (steal) on the bus the day before. 19. By the end of 2022, the environmental project ________ (carry) out in more than 20 cities. 20. The meeting ________ (hold) in the hall when the fire alarm rang. 答案： 1. was being given 解析：句中“got to”是过去动作，“report被讲述”在“到达”时正在进行，用过去进行时被动语态，主语为单数，故填was being given。 2. had been published 解析：“By the end of last year”（到去年年底）是过去完成时的标志词，“books被出版”用被动语态，故填had been published。 3. was being pulled 解析：“stopped”是过去动作，“old building被拆”在“停止项目”时正在进行，用过去进行时被动语态，主语为单数，故填was being pulled。 4. had been found 解析：“arrived”是过去动作，“stolen car被找到”发生在“警察到达”之前（过去的过去），用过去完成时被动语态，故填had been found。 5. was being checked 解析：“This time yesterday”（昨天这个时候）是过去进行时标志词，“homework被检查”用被动语态，主语为单数，故填was being checked。 6. had been sold 解析：“started”是过去动作，“tickets被卖完”发生在“音乐会开始”之前，用过去完成时被动语态，故填had been sold。 7. was being built 解析：“hit”是过去动作，“bridge被建造”在“大雨来袭”时正在进行，用过去进行时被动语态，主语为单数，故填was being built。 8. had been solved 解析：主句“said”是过去时，从句动作“problem被解决”先于主句，用过去完成时被动语态，故填had been solved。 9. being repaired 解析：一般疑问句，过去进行时被动语态结构为“Was + 主语 + being + done”，故填being repaired。 10. had been awarded 解析：“graduated”是过去动作，“scholarships被授予”发生在“毕业”之前，用过去完成时被动语态，故填had been awarded。 11. were being typed 解析：“went off”是过去动作，“letters被打印”在“断电”时正在进行，主语为复数，用过去进行时被动语态，故填were being typed。 12. had been completed 解析：“made”是过去动作，“project被完成”发生在“让老板满意”之前，用过去完成时被动语态，故填had been completed。 13. were being tested 解析：“visited”是过去动作，“new products被测试”在“参观工厂”时正在进行，主语为复数，用过去进行时被动语态，故填were being tested。 14. had been shown 解析：“last week”是过去时间，“film被放映”发生在“上周之前”，用过去完成时被动语态，故填had been shown。 15. was being repaired 解析：“happened”是过去动作，“damaged road被维修”在“事故再次发生”时正在进行，主语为单数，用过去进行时被动语态，故填was being repaired。 16. had been replaced 解析：“By last summer”（到去年夏天）是过去完成时标志词，“old library被替换”用被动语态，故填had been replaced。 17. was being discussed 解析：“came”是过去动作，“plan被讨论”在“突发新闻传来”时正在进行，主语为单数，用过去进行时被动语态，故填was being discussed。 18. had been stolen 解析：主句“told”是过去时，从句动作“mobile phone被偷”先于主句，且“the day before”表过去的过去，用过去完成时被动语态，故填had been stolen。 19. had been carried 解析：“By the end of 2022”（到2022年底）是过去完成时标志词，“project被执行”用被动语态，故填had been carried。 20. was being held 解析：“rang”是过去动作，“meeting被举行”在“火警响起”时正在进行，主语为单数，用过去进行时被动语态，故填was being held。 二、句型转换 1. They were repairing the old bridge at this time yesterday.（改为被动语态） 2. The workers were building a new library last month.（改为被动语态） 3. Was Tom cleaning the classroom when the teacher came?（改为被动语态） 4. The company was developing a new product then.（改为否定句被动语态） 5. She was washing the clothes at 8 o'clock last night.（改为被动语态） 6. Were they holding a meeting in the hall just now?（改为被动语态，否定回答） 7. The students were planting trees on the hill yesterday morning.（改为被动语态） 8. My mother was mending my broken shoes this time last week.（改为被动语态） 9. The factory was producing new cars these days last year.（改为特殊疑问句被动语态，用what提问） 10. He was painting the wall when it rained.（改为被动语态） 11. They had finished the project by the end of last year.（改为被动语态） 12. The teacher had checked all the homework before class.（改为被动语态） 13. Had the workers built the hospital by last month?（改为被动语态） 14. She had written three letters before 9 o'clock last night.（改为否定句被动语态） 15. The police had caught the thief before he ran away.（改为被动语态） 16. Had they sent the email to the manager by yesterday afternoon?（改为被动语态，肯定回答） 17. We had planted 500 trees in the park by last spring.（改为被动语态） 18. The writer had finished the novel before he moved to Beijing.（改为被动语态） 19. They had sold all the tickets when we arrived.（改为特殊疑问句被动语态，用when提问） 20. The company had invited 20 experts to the meeting by last Friday.（改为被动语态） 答案： 1. 答案：The old bridge was being repaired by them at this time yesterday. 解析：主动变被动，主语换为原宾语the old bridge（单数），谓语结构为was being + 过去分词repaired，原主语they变by them置于句末，时间状语不变。 2. 答案：A new library was being built by the workers last month. 解析：原主语the workers变by the workers，原宾语a new library作新主语（单数），谓语用was being built，时态（过去进行时）和时间状语last month保留。 3. 答案：Was the classroom being cleaned by Tom when the teacher came? 解析：一般疑问句被动，将was置于句首，主语换为the classroom，谓语为being cleaned，原主语Tom变by Tom，从句语序不变。 4. 答案：A new product wasn't being developed by the company then. 解析：否定句被动，在was后加not（缩写为wasn't），主语换为a new product，谓语为being developed，原主语the company变by the company。 5. 答案：The clothes were being washed by her at 8 o'clock last night. 解析：原宾语the clothes（复数）作主语，谓语用were being washed，原主语she变by her，时间状语不变。 6. 答案：Was a meeting being held by them in the hall just now? No, it wasn't. 解析：疑问句被动将were置于句首，主语换为a meeting（单数），谓语变为was being held；否定回答用it指代a meeting，结构为No, it wasn't。 7. 答案：Trees were being planted by the students on the hill yesterday morning. 解析：原宾语trees（复数）作主语，谓语用were being planted，原主语the students变by the students，地点和时间状语保留。 8. 答案：My broken shoes were being mended by my mother this time last week. 解析：原宾语my broken shoes（复数）作主语，谓语用were being mended，原主语my mother变by my mother，时间状语不变。 9. 答案：What was being produced by the factory these days last year? 解析：特殊疑问句被动，特殊疑问词what置于句首，what作主语（视为单数），谓语用was being produced，原主语the factory变by the factory，时间状语保留。 10. 答案：The wall was being painted by him when it rained. 解析：原宾语the wall（单数）作主语，谓语用was being painted，原主语he变by him，从句语序不变。 11. 答案：The project had been finished by them by the end of last year. 解析：主动变被动，主语换为the project，谓语结构为had been + 过去分词finished，原主语they变by them，时间状语by the end of last year保留。 12. 答案：All the homework had been checked by the teacher before class. 解析：原宾语all the homework作主语，谓语为had been checked，原主语the teacher变by the teacher，时间状语before class不变。 13. 答案：Had the hospital been built by the workers by last month? 解析：一般疑问句被动，将had置于句首，主语换为the hospital，谓语为been built，原主语the workers变by the workers，时间状语保留。 14. 答案：Three letters hadn't been written by her before 9 o'clock last night. 解析：否定句被动，在had后加not（缩写为hadn't），主语换为three letters，谓语为been written，原主语she变by her，时间状语不变。 15. 答案：The thief had been caught by the police before he ran away. 解析：原宾语the thief作主语，谓语为had been caught，原主语the police变by the police，从句语序不变。 16. 答案：Had the email been sent to the manager by them by yesterday afternoon? Yes, it had. 解析：疑问句被动将had置于句首，主语换为the email，谓语为been sent；肯定回答用it指代the email，结构为Yes, it had。 17. 答案：500 trees had been planted by us in the park by last spring. 解析：原宾语500 trees作主语，谓语为had been planted，原主语we变by us，地点和时间状语保留。 18. 答案：The novel had been finished by the writer before he moved to Beijing. 解析：原宾语the novel作主语，谓语为had been finished，原主语the writer变by the writer，从句语序不变。 19. 答案：When had all the tickets been sold by them? 解析：特殊疑问句被动，特殊疑问词when置于句首，主语换为all the tickets，谓语为had been sold，原主语they变by them，语序为“疑问词+had+主语+been+done+其他”。 20. 答案：20 experts had been invited to the meeting by the company by last Friday. 解析：原宾语20 experts作主语，谓语为had been invited，原主语the company变by the company，宾语补足语to the meeting保留，时间状语不变。 三、翻译句子 1. 昨天这个时候，那栋旧楼正在被拆除。 2. 刚才，我的手机正在被修理，所以没接到你的电话。 3. 上周六下午，一场重要的会议正在学校礼堂被举行。 4. 当我到达工厂时，机器正在被工人们检查。 5. 昨晚八点，这首流行歌曲正在广播电台被播放。 6. 那时，这个问题还没有被讨论，大家都在沉默。 7. 他们的新房子在上个月这个阶段正在被装修吗？ 8. 刚才谁的作业正在被老师批改？ 9. 雨下得很大时，这些蔬菜正在被农民们收割。 10. 那个小男孩哭的时候，他的玩具正在被其他孩子抢走。 11. 到去年年底，这座桥已经被建成了。 12. 在我来这所学校之前，这个实验室已经被投入使用了。 13. 他说那本小说在2020年之前就已经被翻译成多种语言了。 14. 当警察赶到时，所有的证据都已经被销毁了。 15. 这是他第一次被公司奖励，所以他很开心。 16. 到上周五为止，这篇论文已经被老师批改完了。 17. 我们到达电影院时，电影票已经被卖光了。 18. 她发现自己的钱包早就已经被偷了，急得哭了起来。 19. 直到昨天，这个问题才被解决。 20. 他告诉我，这个项目在他接手之前就已经被暂停了。 答案： 1. 答案：This time yesterday, that old building was being pulled down/demolished. 解析：标志词“this time yesterday”（昨天这个时候）对应过去进行时被动，结构为“was being + 过去分词”，主语“旧楼”是单数，用was，“拆除”用pull down或demolish，过去分词为pulled down/demolished。 2. 答案：Just now, my mobile phone was being repaired, so I didn’t answer your call. 解析：标志词“just now”（刚才）表过去特定时刻，手机“被修理”用被动，“修理”repair的过去分词为repaired，后半句“没接电话”是过去的主动动作，用一般过去时。 3. 答案：Last Saturday afternoon, an important meeting was being held in the school hall. 解析：时间状语“last Saturday afternoon”（上周六下午）表过去特定时段，“会议被举行”用被动，hold的过去分词为held，主语“会议”单数，用was being held。 4. 答案：When I arrived at the factory, the machines were being checked by the workers. 解析：when引导过去时间从句（一般过去时arrived），主句动作“机器被检查”在从句动作发生时正在进行，主语“machines”复数，用were being checked，“被工人们”用by the workers补充动作执行者。 5. 答案：At eight o’clock last night, this popular song was being played on the radio station. 解析：具体过去时间“at eight o’clock last night”（昨晚八点），“歌曲被播放”用被动，play的过去分词为played，主语单数，用was being played，“广播电台”前加介词on。 6. 答案：At that time, this problem wasn’t being discussed, and everyone was in silence. 解析：标志词“at that time”（那时），否定句结构为“wasn’t/weren’t being + 过去分词”，主语“problem”单数，用wasn’t being discussed，“沉默”用in silence表达。 7. 答案：Was their new house being decorated during this period last month? 解析：一般疑问句结构为“Was/Were + 主语 + being + 过去分词”，主语“new house”单数，用Was，“装修”decorate的过去分词为decorated，时间状语“during this period last month”（上月这个阶段）表过去时段。 8. 答案：Whose homework was being corrected by the teacher just now? 解析：特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + being + 过去分词”，“谁的作业”用whose homework，单数主语，用Was，“批改”correct的过去分词为corrected。 9. 答案：When it rained heavily, these vegetables were being harvested by the farmers. 解析：when从句用一般过去时rained（过去下雨），主句“蔬菜被收割”正在进行，主语“vegetables”复数，用were being harvested，“农民们”用by the farmers。 10. 答案：When the little boy cried, his toy was being taken away by other children. 解析：从句一般过去时cried（小男孩哭），主句“玩具被抢走”正在进行，主语“toy”单数，用was being taken away，“抢走”用take away，过去分词为taken away。 11. 答案：By the end of last year, this bridge had been built. 解析：标志词“by the end of last year”（到去年年底）对应过去完成时被动，结构为“had been + 过去分词”，“建成”build的过去分词为built，无动作执行者可省略by短语。 12. 答案：Before I came to this school, this lab had been put into use. 解析：before引导过去时间从句（一般过去时came），主句动作“实验室被投入使用”发生在从句之前（过去的过去），用had been put into use，“投入使用”为固定短语put into use，过去分词为put。 13. 答案：He said that the novel had been translated into many languages before 2020. 解析：主句为一般过去时said，宾语从句动作“小说被翻译”先于主句，用过去完成时被动had been translated，“翻译成”用translate into，过去分词为translated。 14. 答案：When the police arrived, all the evidence had been destroyed. 解析：when从句一般过去时arrived（警察赶到），主句“证据被销毁”先于从句完成，用had been destroyed，“销毁”destroy的过去分词为destroyed。 15. 答案：It was the first time that he had been rewarded by the company, so he was very happy. 解析：固定句型“It was the first time that…”，从句需用过去完成时，“被奖励”用had been rewarded，主语“he”，被动结构完整，后半句用一般过去时表过去的情绪。 16. 答案：By last Friday, this paper had been corrected by the teacher. 解析：标志词“by last Friday”（到上周五为止），“论文被批改”用过去完成时被动had been corrected，补充动作执行者“by the teacher”，明确“被老师批改”。 17. 答案：When we arrived at the cinema, the tickets had been sold out. 解析：从句一般过去时arrived（我们到达），主句“电影票被卖光”先于从句完成，用had been sold out，“卖光”为固定短语sell out，过去分词为sold out。 18. 答案：She found that her wallet had been stolen long before, and she cried anxiously. 解析：主句一般过去时found，宾语从句动作“钱包被偷”先于主句，用had been stolen，“long before”（早就）强化“过去的过去”，后半句用一般过去时cried表后续动作。 19. 答案：Not until yesterday had this problem been solved. / This problem hadn’t been solved until yesterday. 解析：“直到……才……”用not until，否定词置于句首时句子需部分倒装（had提前），正常语序为“This problem hadn’t been solved until yesterday”，“解决”solve的过去分词为solved。 20. 答案：He told me that this project had been suspended before he took over it. 解析：主句一般过去时told，宾语从句动作“项目被暂停”先于主句，用had been suspended，“暂停”suspend的过去分词为suspended，从句“took over”（接手）用一般过去时，体现时间先后。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Imagine this: you are in a cafe when you hear a young man 1.______ (talk) about a new computer game. He’s explaining its amazing features to a girl, who then asks where she can buy it. Nothing unusual, you might say, until after 15 minutes, they move to another cafe and have an identical conversation. On your way home, a “tourist” in the street asks you 2.______ (take) a photo with their camera. You do and, afterwards, they tell you how they bought the camera recently and how it’s on special offer. Welcome to the world of stealth marketing. You may say you haven’t met a stealth marketer yet, but that’s the point. Contrary to 3.______ you might expect, this practice is quite common. Stealth or “word - of - mouth” marketing isn’t like normal advertising. We can recognize advertisements on billboards or in fashion magazines, but it’s difficult 4.______ (spot) stealth marketing — it just tricks us. Studies 5.______ (show) that people are more likely to trust a person on the street, who they think is giving free advice, rather than an advertisement. In fact, in a recent survey of young adults, only 5% believed advertisements, compared with 52% who trusted their friends More than $500 billion a year 6.______ (spend) on advertising worldwide, but compared with conventional advertising campaigns, stealth marketing is cheap and effective. So how does it work? Well, let’s look at company X. Company X wants to launch a new product for 20 - 25 - year - olds. They need their product to look “cool” and interesting, so they decide to pay young marketers 7.______ are carefully selected. Company X researches social media and targets the most popular people or “trendsetters”. These people sign contracts where they agree 8.______ (promote) the company’s product, for instance by talking favourably about its products on social media. Twenty - year - old Tanya Fulham is one of them. Tanya Fulham is beautiful, sporty and clever. She’s interested in fashion, loves shopping, and listens to the latest pop music. She has more than 15,000 followers on social media and she often influences their 9.______ (choice) and opinions. She’s been hired by an undercover marketing agency to promote brands in blogs and on social media. “Products which are fashionable or have a strong brand image are easy to sell,” explains Tanya. “I can usually get people to buy everything from make - up to luxury goods, like designer jeans.” Other young marketers upload videos of 10.______ (they), which describe recent shopping trips and display their latest purchases. They show people how a product works or what it looks like up close. 答案： 1. talking  2. to take  3. what  4. to spot  5. have shown 6.is spent  7. who/that  8. to promote  9. choices  10. themselves 2. Extended reading Stealth marketing, also known as “word - of - mouth” marketing, is a popular and effective way of promoting products. It 1.______ (differ) from normal advertising in that it is much harder to be recognized. Companies usually select young and popular people, or “trendsetters” 2.______ (promote) their products. These trendsetters, who have a large number of followers on social media, can influence their followers’ choices and opinions. They often sign contracts with companies, 3.______ (agree) to talk favourably about the products on social media. For example, twenty - year - old Tanya Fulham, 4.______ is beautiful, sporty and clever, and interested in fashion, has over 15,000 followers. She has been hired by an undercover marketing agency. According to her, products with fashion or strong brand image are easy 5.______ (sell). She can persuade people 6.______ (buy) various items from make - up to luxury goods. Other young marketers upload videos of themselves, 7.______ (describe) their shopping experiences and showing their new purchases. However, stealth marketing also causes some concerns. A psychologist points out that 8.______ people think a person is being helpful, it may actually be because the person is getting paid for it. As a result, people don't know who to trust or listen to any more. In a world where we 9.______ (expose) to more than 3,000 ads a day, it's becoming increasingly difficult 10.______ (tell) the difference between genuine recommendations and paid promotions. 答案： 1. differs  2. to promote  3. agreeing  4. who  5. to sell 2. to buy  7. describing  8. although/though/while  9. are exposed  10. to tell 题型二 语篇语法填空 A (23-24高二下·湖北武汉·期末)As humanity sets their sights on deep space exploration, the moon becomes a stepping stone, with countries hoping to build lunar bases to support such missions. 81 (solve) the “lunch” problem, scientists have been exploring the possibility of growing plants on the moon. Recently, a new study by Chinese scientists 82 (find) that bacteria in soil from Earth could offer a solution. Researchers from China Agricultural University tested five species of bacteria on a material 83 simulated(模拟) lunar soil. Within a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria species had doubled their amount of phosphorus(磷) content, 84 key element for plant growth. They then grew model plants in the lunar soil simulant containing these three bacteria species. They observed that the plants had 85 (long) stems and roots after six days of growth compared with those grown without the bacteria. The plants also had heavier and wider clusters(簇) of leaves after 24 days of growth. “The study 86 (result) have important implications for future long-term stays on the moon,” the study’s lead researcher, Sun Zhencai, told Xinhua. Earth bacteria may help astronauts make better use of lunar resources, such as creating lunar greenhouses. In their follow-up research, they hope to experiment with real lunar soil samples and grow crops 87 rice, corn and potatoes. Since the duration of space missions is increasing, 88 (carry) all food supplies to space becomes unsustainable. Hence, “space planting” becomes critical. During the Shenzhou XI mission, astronauts managed to grow lettuce, 89 sowing to harvest. In the later missions, the “space farmers” have successfully grown wheat and rice, etc. These “space gardens” not only provide astronauts with food 90 more oxygen and water as well, according to CCTV News. 【答案】 81. To solve 82. has found 83. that/which 84. a 85. longer 86. results 87. like 88. carrying 89. from 90. but 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着人类将目光投向深空探索，月球成为了一块垫脚石，各国都希望建立月球基地来支持这类任务。为了解决“午餐”问题，科学家们一直在探索在月球上种植植物的可能性。 81. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决“午餐”问题，科学家们一直在探索在月球上种植植物的可能性。此处solve在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式，句首单词首字母大写。故填To solve。 82. 考查时态。句意：最近，中国科学家的一项新研究发现，地球土壤中的细菌可以提供解决方案。根据上文Recently可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为study，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式has found。故填has found。 83. 考查定语从句。句意：中国农业大学的研究人员在一种模拟月球土壤的材料上测试了五种细菌。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词material，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用that /which引导从句。故填that /which。 84. 考查冠词。句意：在10到21天的时间里，其中三种细菌的磷含量增加了一倍，磷是植物生长的关键元素。此处element为泛指，且key是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。 85. 考查比较级。句意：他们观察到，与没有细菌的植物相比，这些植物在生长六天后的茎和根更长。根据后文compared with those grown without the bacteria可知为比较关系，应用形容词的比较级形式。故填longer。 86. 考查名词的数。句意：该研究的首席研究员孙振才在接受新华社采访时表示:“研究结果对未来长期停留在月球上具有重要意义。”后文have为动词原形形式，可知主语应为名词复数形式。故填results。 87. 考查介词。句意：在他们的后续研究中，他们希望用真正的月球土壤样本进行实验，并种植如水稻、玉米和土豆等作物。后文为举例，表示“例如”应用介词like。故填like。 88. 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于太空任务的持续时间越来越长，向太空运送所有食物供应变得不可持续。空处作主句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填carrying。 89. 考查介词。句意：在神舟十一号任务期间，宇航员设法种植生菜，从播种到收获。表示“从……到……”短语为from…to…。故填from。 90. 考查固定句型。句意：据央视新闻报道，这些“太空花园”不仅为宇航员提供食物，还为他们提供更多的氧气和水。表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but (also)…。故填but。 B (23-24高二下·河南濮阳·期末)China plans to expand its space station to six modules(舱)from three in coming years, a researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology said on Wednesday. The space station will play 71 important role as “space home port”, 72 (provide) an alternative platform for near-Earth missions as the International Space Station (ISS) nears the end of its lifespan(寿命). The ISS 73 (expect) to be decommissioned(退役) after 2030. The lifetime of the Chinese space station will be more than 15 years. It is longer than the 10 years the country 74 (previous) announced. China’s self-built space station, also 75 (know) as Tiangong, or Sky Palace in Chinese, has been 76 full operation since late 2022. And it hosts a maximum of three astronaut s at an orbital altitude of up to 450 kilometers. It will have a weight of 180 tonnes after expansion, about 40 percent of the mass of the ISS, 77 has been in orbit for over two decades. Regarding the expansion, another module is also in the plan. Other plans, including the development of large space telescopes, 3D printers, intelligent robots 78 a warning system, are also underway. Chinese state media said last year that China would be matchless as the ISS was approaching 79 (retire), and added that China had been requested by several countries 80 (send) their astronauts to the Chinese station. 【答案】 71. an 72. providing 73. is expected 74. previously 75. known 76. in 77. which 78. and 79. retirement 80. to send 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述中国计划在未来几年内将其“天宫”空间站从三个模块扩展到六个模块，为其他国家的宇航员提供一个执行近地任务的平台。 71. 考查冠词。句意：空间站将发挥“太空母港”的重要作用，在国际空间站接近其寿命终点时，为近地任务提供另一个平台。play a...role“发挥……作用”。important为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。 72. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处为非谓语形式作状语，表示理所应当的结果，用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填providing。 73. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：国际空间站预计将在2030年后退役。be expected to do sth.“被期待做某事”，expect与主语the ISS是被动关系，用被动语态，描述事实用一般现在时，主语是单数。故填is expected。 74. 考查副词。句意：这比该国之前宣布的10年要长。此处应用副词修饰动词announced。故填previously。 75. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国自建的空间站，也被称为天宫，或天空宫殿，自2022年底以来一直全面运行。此处为非谓语形式，know与station是被动关系，用过去分词形式。 故填known。 76. 考查介词。句意同上。in operation“在运行中”固定短语。故填in。 77. 考查定语从句。句意：膨胀后，它的重量将达到180吨，约为国际空间站质量的40%，国际空间站已经在轨道上运行了20多年。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the ISS，先行词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。 78. 考查连词。句意：其他计划,包括大型太空望远镜的开发、3D打印机、智能机器人和预警系统也正在进行中。此处为多个名词短语并列作介词of的宾语，最后一个名词短语前应用and连接。故填and。 79. 考查名词。句意：中国官方媒体去年表示，随着国际空间站即将退役，中国将是无与伦比的，并补充说，中国已被几个国家要求将他们的宇航员送到中国空间站。此处作介词toward的宾语，用名词。故填retirement。 80. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国官方媒体去年表示，随着国际空间站即将退役，中国将是无与伦比的，并补充说，中国已被几个国家要求将他们的宇航员送到中国空间站。be requested to do sth.“被请求做某事”，用不定式作主语补足语。故填to send。 C (23-24高二下·福建福州·期末) Chang’e 6 returns with precious lunar samples China’s Chang’e 6 robotic mission finished 61 (success) on Tuesday afternoon, bringing scientifically precious samples from the moon’s far side back to Earth for the first time. Carrying the lunar samples the Chang’e 6’s reentry capsule touched down at 2:07 pm on its preset 62 (land) site in Siziwang Banner of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, putting 63 end to the 53-day voyage involving a host of complex, 64 (challenge) effort. The Chang’e 6 mission, representing the world’s first attempt at bringing back samples from the far side of the moon to Earth, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on May 3. The 8.35-ton spacecraft was designed and built by the China Academy of Space Technology, 65 (consist) of four components — an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a reentry capsule. Chang’e-6, named 66 the Chinese moon goddess, is the second mission to have touched down on the far side of the moon. Its predecessor, Chang’e-4, made history 67 the first to do so in 2019. The landscapes and physical characteristics of the far side, which permanently 68 (face) away from Earth, are very distinct from those of the near side, which is visible from Earth, according to scientists. It’s unclear 69 the two sides of the moon are so different; the samples collected by Chang’e-6 could provide some clues, and will likely bring a range of invaluable scientific 70 (payoff). 【答案】 61. successfully 62. landing 63. an 64. challenging 65. consisting 66. after 67. as 68. faces 69. whether/if 70. payoffs 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了嫦娥六号圆满完成任务，从月球背面带回了珍贵的样本。 61. 考查副词。句意：中国的嫦娥六号航天任务于周二下午成功完成，首次将月球背面的科学珍贵样本带回地球。空处应用副词，修饰动词finishes。successfully意为“成功地”。故填successfully。 62. 考查名词。句意：携带月球样本的嫦娥六号返回舱于下午2点07分在内蒙古自治区四子王旗的预定着陆点着陆，结束了为期53天的航天行动，其中含有许多复杂而富有挑战性的努力。空处应用名词landing，意为“降落，着陆”，作定语修饰名词site。故填landing。 63. 考查冠词。句意参考上题。put an end to...意为“结束……”，为固定搭配。故填an。 64. 考查形容词。句意参考第2题。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰effort。challenging意为“挑战性的”。故填challenging。 65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这艘重达8.35吨的航天器由中国空间技术研究院设计建造，由四个部件组成——轨道器、着陆器、上升器和返回舱。本句的谓语部分为was designed and built，且空处和前面没有连词连接，所以应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语The 8.35-ton spacecraft和consist之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。consist of意为“由……组成”。故填consisting。 66. 考查介词。句意：嫦娥六号以中国月亮女神的名字命名，是第二次在月球背面着陆的任务。name...after...意为“以……命名……”。故填after。 67. 考查介词。句意：作为第一个这样做的飞船，它的前身嫦娥四号在2019年创造了历史。根据空后的“the first to do so”可知，这里表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 68. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：科学家表示，永久背对地球的远侧与从地球上可见的近侧的景观和物理特征非常不同。这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the far side，表示单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填faces。 69. 考查主语从句。句意：尚不清楚月球的两面是否如此不同；嫦娥六号收集的样本可能会提供一些线索，并可能带来一系列宝贵的科学回报。It作形式主语，空处引导的是真正的主语从句。结合unclear可知，这里表示不确定，即“是否”，所以可用whether或if引导。It is unclear whether/if...意为“不确定是否……”。故填whether/if。 70. 考查名词的数。句意参考上题。payoff意为“好处，回报”，为可数名词，前面有a range of，所以应用名词复数。故填payoffs。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Paying the Price 核心语法精练（过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. When I got to the meeting room, the report ________ (give) by Mr. Smith, so I missed most of it. 2. By the end of last year, more than 50 new books ________ (publish) by this publishing house. 3. The old building ________ (pull) down when the government stopped the project suddenly. 4. It was reported that the stolen car ________ (find) before the police arrived at the scene. 5. This time yesterday, my homework ________ (check) by my teacher, so I couldn’t go out to play. 6. Before the concert started, all the tickets ________ (sell) out, so many fans had to leave. 7. The bridge ________ (build) when a heavy rain hit the area last month. 8. He said that the problem ________ (solve) by the team before he joined in. 9. Was the machine ________ (repair) by the worker at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon? 10. By the time she graduated from college, she ________ (award) three scholarships for her excellent grades. 11. The letters ________ (type) by the secretary when the power went off suddenly. 12. The project ________ (complete) before the deadline, which made the boss very satisfied. 13. When we visited the factory, some new products ________ (test) by the technicians. 14. I didn’t know that the film ________ (show) twice in our school before last week. 15. The damaged road ________ (repair) when the traffic accident happened again. 16. By last summer, the old library ________ (replace) by a modern one in our community. 17. The plan ________ (discuss) by the leaders when the unexpected news came. 18. She told me that her mobile phone ________ (steal) on the bus the day before. 19. By the end of 2022, the environmental project ________ (carry) out in more than 20 cities. 20. The meeting ________ (hold) in the hall when the fire alarm rang. 二、句型转换 1. They were repairing the old bridge at this time yesterday.（改为被动语态） 2. The workers were building a new library last month.（改为被动语态） 3. Was Tom cleaning the classroom when the teacher came?（改为被动语态） 4. The company was developing a new product then.（改为否定句被动语态） 5. She was washing the clothes at 8 o'clock last night.（改为被动语态） 6. Were they holding a meeting in the hall just now?（改为被动语态，否定回答） 7. The students were planting trees on the hill yesterday morning.（改为被动语态） 8. My mother was mending my broken shoes this time last week.（改为被动语态） 9. The factory was producing new cars these days last year.（改为特殊疑问句被动语态，用what提问） 10. He was painting the wall when it rained.（改为被动语态） 11. They had finished the project by the end of last year.（改为被动语态） 12. The teacher had checked all the homework before class.（改为被动语态） 13. Had the workers built the hospital by last month?（改为被动语态） 14. She had written three letters before 9 o'clock last night.（改为否定句被动语态） 15. The police had caught the thief before he ran away.（改为被动语态） 16. Had they sent the email to the manager by yesterday afternoon?（改为被动语态，肯定回答） 17. We had planted 500 trees in the park by last spring.（改为被动语态） 18. The writer had finished the novel before he moved to Beijing.（改为被动语态） 19. They had sold all the tickets when we arrived.（改为特殊疑问句被动语态，用when提问） 20. The company had invited 20 experts to the meeting by last Friday.（改为被动语态） 三、翻译句子 1. 昨天这个时候，那栋旧楼正在被拆除。 2. 刚才，我的手机正在被修理，所以没接到你的电话。 3. 上周六下午，一场重要的会议正在学校礼堂被举行。 4. 当我到达工厂时，机器正在被工人们检查。 5. 昨晚八点，这首流行歌曲正在广播电台被播放。 6. 那时，这个问题还没有被讨论，大家都在沉默。 7. 他们的新房子在上个月这个阶段正在被装修吗？ 8. 刚才谁的作业正在被老师批改？ 9. 雨下得很大时，这些蔬菜正在被农民们收割。 10. 那个小男孩哭的时候，他的玩具正在被其他孩子抢走。 11. 到去年年底，这座桥已经被建成了。 12. 在我来这所学校之前，这个实验室已经被投入使用了。 13. 他说那本小说在2020年之前就已经被翻译成多种语言了。 14. 当警察赶到时，所有的证据都已经被销毁了。 15. 这是他第一次被公司奖励，所以他很开心。 16. 到上周五为止，这篇论文已经被老师批改完了。 17. 我们到达电影院时，电影票已经被卖光了。 18. 她发现自己的钱包早就已经被偷了，急得哭了起来。 19. 直到昨天，这个问题才被解决。 20. 他告诉我，这个项目在他接手之前就已经被暂停了。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Imagine this: you are in a cafe when you hear a young man 1.______ (talk) about a new computer game. He’s explaining its amazing features to a girl, who then asks where she can buy it. Nothing unusual, you might say, until after 15 minutes, they move to another cafe and have an identical conversation. On your way home, a “tourist” in the street asks you 2.______ (take) a photo with their camera. You do and, afterwards, they tell you how they bought the camera recently and how it’s on special offer. Welcome to the world of stealth marketing. You may say you haven’t met a stealth marketer yet, but that’s the point. Contrary to 3.______ you might expect, this practice is quite common. Stealth or “word - of - mouth” marketing isn’t like normal advertising. We can recognize advertisements on billboards or in fashion magazines, but it’s difficult 4.______ (spot) stealth marketing — it just tricks us. Studies 5.______ (show) that people are more likely to trust a person on the street, who they think is giving free advice, rather than an advertisement. In fact, in a recent survey of young adults, only 5% believed advertisements, compared with 52% who trusted their friends More than $500 billion a year 6.______ (spend) on advertising worldwide, but compared with conventional advertising campaigns, stealth marketing is cheap and effective. So how does it work? Well, let’s look at company X. Company X wants to launch a new product for 20 - 25 - year - olds. They need their product to look “cool” and interesting, so they decide to pay young marketers 7.______ are carefully selected. Company X researches social media and targets the most popular people or “trendsetters”. These people sign contracts where they agree 8.______ (promote) the company’s product, for instance by talking favourably about its products on social media. Twenty - year - old Tanya Fulham is one of them. Tanya Fulham is beautiful, sporty and clever. She’s interested in fashion, loves shopping, and listens to the latest pop music. She has more than 15,000 followers on social media and she often influences their 9.______ (choice) and opinions. She’s been hired by an undercover marketing agency to promote brands in blogs and on social media. “Products which are fashionable or have a strong brand image are easy to sell,” explains Tanya. “I can usually get people to buy everything from make - up to luxury goods, like designer jeans.” Other young marketers upload videos of 10.______ (they), which describe recent shopping trips and display their latest purchases. They show people how a product works or what it looks like up close. 2. Extended reading Stealth marketing, also known as “word - of - mouth” marketing, is a popular and effective way of promoting products. It 1.______ (differ) from normal advertising in that it is much harder to be recognized. Companies usually select young and popular people, or “trendsetters” 2.______ (promote) their products. These trendsetters, who have a large number of followers on social media, can influence their followers’ choices and opinions. They often sign contracts with companies, 3.______ (agree) to talk favourably about the products on social media. For example, twenty - year - old Tanya Fulham, 4.______ is beautiful, sporty and clever, and interested in fashion, has over 15,000 followers. She has been hired by an undercover marketing agency. According to her, products with fashion or strong brand image are easy 5.______ (sell). She can persuade people 6.______ (buy) various items from make - up to luxury goods. Other young marketers upload videos of themselves, 7.______ (describe) their shopping experiences and showing their new purchases. However, stealth marketing also causes some concerns. A psychologist points out that 8.______ people think a person is being helpful, it may actually be because the person is getting paid for it. As a result, people don't know who to trust or listen to any more. In a world where we 9.______ (expose) to more than 3,000 ads a day, it's becoming increasingly difficult 10.______ (tell) the difference between genuine recommendations and paid promotions. 题型二 语篇语法填空 A (23-24高二下·湖北武汉·期末)As humanity sets their sights on deep space exploration, the moon becomes a stepping stone, with countries hoping to build lunar bases to support such missions. 81 (solve) the “lunch” problem, scientists have been exploring the possibility of growing plants on the moon. Recently, a new study by Chinese scientists 82 (find) that bacteria in soil from Earth could offer a solution. Researchers from China Agricultural University tested five species of bacteria on a material 83 simulated(模拟) lunar soil. Within a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria species had doubled their amount of phosphorus(磷) content, 84 key element for plant growth. They then grew model plants in the lunar soil simulant containing these three bacteria species. They observed that the plants had 85 (long) stems and roots after six days of growth compared with those grown without the bacteria. The plants also had heavier and wider clusters(簇) of leaves after 24 days of growth. “The study 86 (result) have important implications for future long-term stays on the moon,” the study’s lead researcher, Sun Zhencai, told Xinhua. Earth bacteria may help astronauts make better use of lunar resources, such as creating lunar greenhouses. In their follow-up research, they hope to experiment with real lunar soil samples and grow crops 87 rice, corn and potatoes. Since the duration of space missions is increasing, 88 (carry) all food supplies to space becomes unsustainable. Hence, “space planting” becomes critical. During the Shenzhou XI mission, astronauts managed to grow lettuce, 89 sowing to harvest. In the later missions, the “space farmers” have successfully grown wheat and rice, etc. These “space gardens” not only provide astronauts with food 90 more oxygen and water as well, according to CCTV News. B (23-24高二下·河南濮阳·期末)China plans to expand its space station to six modules(舱)from three in coming years, a researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology said on Wednesday. The space station will play 71 important role as “space home port”, 72 (provide) an alternative platform for near-Earth missions as the International Space Station (ISS) nears the end of its lifespan(寿命). The ISS 73 (expect) to be decommissioned(退役) after 2030. The lifetime of the Chinese space station will be more than 15 years. It is longer than the 10 years the country 74 (previous) announced. China’s self-built space station, also 75 (know) as Tiangong, or Sky Palace in Chinese, has been 76 full operation since late 2022. And it hosts a maximum of three astronaut s at an orbital altitude of up to 450 kilometers. It will have a weight of 180 tonnes after expansion, about 40 percent of the mass of the ISS, 77 has been in orbit for over two decades. Regarding the expansion, another module is also in the plan. Other plans, including the development of large space telescopes, 3D printers, intelligent robots 78 a warning system, are also underway. Chinese state media said last year that China would be matchless as the ISS was approaching 79 (retire), and added that China had been requested by several countries 80 (send) their astronauts to the Chinese station. C (23-24高二下·福建福州·期末) Chang’e 6 returns with precious lunar samples China’s Chang’e 6 robotic mission finished 61 (success) on Tuesday afternoon, bringing scientifically precious samples from the moon’s far side back to Earth for the first time. Carrying the lunar samples the Chang’e 6’s reentry capsule touched down at 2:07 pm on its preset 62 (land) site in Siziwang Banner of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, putting 63 end to the 53-day voyage involving a host of complex, 64 (challenge) effort. The Chang’e 6 mission, representing the world’s first attempt at bringing back samples from the far side of the moon to Earth, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on May 3. The 8.35-ton spacecraft was designed and built by the China Academy of Space Technology, 65 (consist) of four components — an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a reentry capsule. Chang’e-6, named 66 the Chinese moon goddess, is the second mission to have touched down on the far side of the moon. Its predecessor, Chang’e-4, made history 67 the first to do so in 2019. The landscapes and physical characteristics of the far side, which permanently 68 (face) away from Earth, are very distinct from those of the near side, which is visible from Earth, according to scientists. It’s unclear 69 the two sides of the moon are so different; the samples collected by Chang’e-6 could provide some clues, and will likely bring a range of invaluable scientific 70 (payoff). 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $