内容正文:
Unit 1 Here and now 核心语法精练
(现在进行时)
目录
二、考点夯基 3
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3
二、单项选择 4
三、完成句子 5
四、句型转换 6
一、语法选择 8
二、短文填空 9
现在进行时
定义
现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作,有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。
The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。
We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。
构成
现在进行时由"be+现在分词(v-ing)"构成。be为助动词,一定不要漏掉!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致,即:I用am,he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。
现在分词变化规则
a. 动词后直接+- ing(例:sleep+-ing→sleeping)
b. 去掉不发音的e+-ing(例:bite-e+-ing→biting)
c. 重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+-ing(例:sitting,beginning,getting,putting,running,stopping,cutting )
d. 特殊变化:die→dying,lie→lying,tie→tying
句型结构
肯定句
主语+ am/is/are+ v-ing
They are cleaning the house.
否定句
主语+ am/is/are +not+ v-ing
They aren’t cleaning the house.
一般疑问句
问:Am/Is/Are+主语+ v-ing?
答:Yes/No, 主语+am/is/are.
---Are they cleaning the house?
---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
特殊疑问句
问:特殊疑问词+ am/is/are+主语+ doing?
答:主语+am/is/are+doing.
---What are they doing?
---They are cleaning the house.
常用用法
1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。常与now, look, listen, at the moment等连用。
Listen! Birds are singing. 听!鸟在歌唱。
Look! he train is just getting into the station. 看!火车进站啦。
He is reading now. 他在看书。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。常和at present(目前),this week(本周),these days(这几天)等时间状语连用。
Are you trying to find a furnished house? 你是想找一栋有家具的房子吗?
What courses are you studying this term? 你这学期学哪几门课?
3.表示当前的动向
Houses are costing more these days.如今房价越来越贵了。
It’s getting colder and colder.
4. 表示事先计划好的动作(指将来)
表示一个在最近按计划将进行的动作或为将来安排好的活动,通常需要一个表示时间的状语。
We are spending next summer in England.我们将要在英国度过明年夏天。
I'm getting married tomorrow.我明天就要结婚了。
5. 位移动词:go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,常用进行时表将来。表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。
He's arriving tomorrow morning on the 7:30 train.明天早上他将乘7时30分的火车到达。
Christmas is coming soon.圣诞节很快就到了。
6. 现在进行时与always连用时,往往含有赞扬、厌恶、责备等感情色彩。
She's always helping people.她经常帮助别人。
He's always causing trouble.他总是在制造麻烦。
不能用进行时的动词
1) 感官动词:如see,hear等。
2) 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词:如like, love, hate等。
3) 表示希望的动词:如hope, wish等。
4) 表示状态的动词:如remain等。
5) 表示归属的动词:如have, belong等。
6) 表示思维或理解能力的动词:如know, forget等。
现在进行时和一般现在时的区别
(1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作,而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如:
I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作,而一般现在时只表动作的重复,而不表示动作的持续。
What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。
They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。
(3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时,表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
(5) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。
巧记口诀
look, listen是标志,现在进行正发生;有时now在句中现,"be+v-ing"时态成。
若问be用何形式,须看主语数、人称。he/she is, I am,we, you, they后are紧跟。
v-ing形式更好记,三种构成要分清。一般问句be提前,be后加not否定成!
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Linda ________ (dance) very well. She ________ (dance) now.
【答案】 dances is dancing
【详解】句意:琳达舞跳得很好。她现在正在跳舞。第一空描述个人特长,用一般现在时,主语“Linda”为第三人称单数,dance加s;第二空由“now”可知为现在进行时,主语“She”为第三人称单数,应填is dancing。
2.Listen! Someone ________ (play) the piano in the next room.
【答案】is playing
【详解】句意:听!有人正在隔壁房间弹钢琴。 根据句首提示词Listen可知,动作此刻正在发生,要用现在进行时;主语Someone为不定代词,视作单数,be动词用is,play的现在分词是playing。 故填is playing。
3.They ________ (not watch) TV now; they’re doing homework.
【答案】aren’t watching
【详解】句意:他们现在没有在看电视,他们正在做作业。 now是现在进行时标志词,结构为:am/is/are+动词现在分词;主语They 搭配be动词are,否定形式为aren’t,watch变为现在分词watching。
4.Don’t make noise. My grandpa ________ (sleep).
【答案】is sleeping
【详解】句意:不要发出噪音。我的爷爷正在睡觉。由“Don’t make noise”可知此时爷爷正在睡觉,用现在进行时,主语“My grandpa”为第三人称单数,应填is sleeping。
5.Look! The bird ________ (sing) in the tree.
【答案】is singing
【详解】句意:看!那只鸟正在树上唱歌。由Look!可知,此句是现在进行时。结构是:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词+其它;bird的意思是“鸟”,第三人称单数,作主语,故后面的be动词用is。sing的意思是“唱歌”,动词,其现在分词是singing。
6.My parents are ________ (cook) dinner in the kitchen at the moment.
【答案】cooking
【详解】句意:我的父母此刻正在厨房里做晚饭。My parents我的父母,are cooking dinner正在做晚饭(这是现在进行时,表示此刻正在进行的动作)in the kitchen在厨房里 ,at the moment此刻、现在(是现在进行时的标志性时间状语)。
7.My mother often ________ (cook) dinner for us, but now she ________ (read) a book.
【答案】 cooks is reading
【详解】句意:我妈妈经常为我们做晚饭,但现在她正在看书。第一空:时间状语“often”表示经常性动作,需用一般现在时;主语“My mother”为第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式cooks。第二空:时间状语“now”表示此刻正在进行的动作,需用现在进行时,结构为“be + 现在分词”;主语“she”为第三人称单数,be动词用is,read的现在分词为reading,因此填is reading。
8.—Where is your sister? —She ________ (water) flowers in the garden.
【答案】is watering
【详解】句意:你的姐姐在哪里?她正在花园里浇花。问句询问姐姐此刻在哪里,暗示答句描述此时此刻正在发生的动作,要用现在进行时,结构为be+现在分词。主语She是第三人称单数,be动词用is,water的现在分词形式是watering,故填is watering。
9.My sister ________ (study) for her exam right now.
【答案】is studying
【详解】句意:我姐姐/妹妹现在正在为考试而学习。study意为“学习”,是动词,right now意为“现在”,是现在进行时的时间状语,现在进行时的结构是“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用is;study的现在分词是studying。
10.Look! They ________ (play) volleyball in the sports park.
【答案】are playing
【详解】句意:看!他们正在体育公园打排球。句首提示词Look是现在进行时标志词,结构为:am/is/are+动词现在分词;主语they是复数,be动词用are,play的现在分词是playing。
11.What fine weather it is! The sun is ________ (shine) brightly in the sky.
【答案】shining
【详解】句意:天气真好!太阳正在天空中明亮地照耀着。根据句中有be动词is,结合语境表示此刻正在发生的动作,应用现在进行时,结构为be+动词现在分词;shine是以不发音的e结尾,变现在分词需去e再加-ing,故填shining。
12.I like to watch the news and see what ________ (happen) across the city.
【答案】is happening
【详解】句意:我喜欢看新闻,看看这座城市里正在发生什么。主句时态为一般现在时,结合看新闻的语境,是想知晓当下正在发生的事,宾语从句要用现在进行时,结构为be+现在分词;what作从句主语,视为单数,be动词用is,happen的现在分词为happening,故填is happening。
13.The little boy ________ (cry) now. What’s wrong with him?
【答案】is crying
【详解】句意:这个小男孩正在哭。他怎么了?根据时间状语now可知,该句应该用现在进行时,现在进行时结构:am /is/are + 动词-ing。结合主语The little boy是第三人称单数,be动词应该用is,cry应该用现在分词形式crying。
14.Right now, they ________ (talk) about the new movie.
【答案】are talking
【详解】句意:现在,他们正在谈论这部新电影。句中“Right now”为现在进行时的标志词,表示动作正在发生,应用现在进行时。主语they为复数,be动词用are;talk的现在分词为talking,故填are talking。
15.Be quiet! The students ________ (read) books in the library.
【答案】are reading
【详解】句意:安静!学生们正在图书馆里看书。句首的祈使句“Be quiet!”暗示了动作正在发生,因此句子要用现在进行时,其构成为“主语 + am/is/are + 动词 -ing形式”。 本句主语The students是复数,所以be动词用are,填are reading。
16.It’s 7:00 a.m. Now my family ________ (have) breakfast.
【答案】are having
【详解】句意:现在是早上七点,我的家人正在吃早餐。句中时间标志词Now表示此时此刻正在发生的动作,要用现在进行时,结构为be+现在分词。此处family表示家庭成员,为复数含义,be动词用are,have的现在分词形式是having,故填are having。
二、单项选择。
1.— What ________ they ________?
— They are cleaning the classroom.
A.do; do B.are; do C.are; doing D.did; do
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——他们正在做什么?——他们正在打扫教室。
根据答句“They are cleaning the classroom.”可知,问句应使用现在进行时,询问对方正在做什么。现在进行时的特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词 + be动词 + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?”,主语they是复数,be动词用are,动词do的现在分词为doing。应填are;doing。
2.It’s raining outside. So we ________ at home now.
A.stay B.stays C.are staying D.is staying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:外面正在下雨。所以我们现在正待在家里。
根据“now”可知,叙述现在发生的事情,应用现在进行时,主语“we”为复数,应用are staying。
3.It’s 7 o’clock in the morning. My parents ________ breakfast.
A.have B.has C.are having D.is having
【答案】C
【详解】句意:现在是早上7点。我的父母正在吃早餐。
根据“It’s 7 o’clock in the morning.”可知,此处强调此时此刻正在发生的动作,应用现在进行时,结构为“be+现在分词”;主语“My parents”是复数;be动词应用are,have的现在分词为having。
4.Tom ________ his homework at the moment. He usually ________ it after school.
A.does; is doing B.is doing; does C.does; does D.is doing; is doing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Tom此刻正在做作业。他通常放学后做作业。
根据第一句中“at the moment”(此刻)可知,强调正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时is doing;根据第二句中“usually”(通常)可知,描述习惯性动作,应用一般现在时does。
5.Look! The children ________ kites in the park happily.
A.fly B.are flying C.flew D.flies
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看!孩子们正在公园里开心地放风筝。
根据句首关键词“Look!”可知,动作此时此刻正在发生,句子应用现在进行时,其结构为“be动词+动词现在分词”,所以选are flying。
6.The sun ________ brightly now. Let’s go out for a walk.
A.shine B.shines C.is shining D.shone
【答案】C
【详解】句意:太阳现在正灿烂地照耀着。我们出去散步吧。
根据句中的时间状语“now”以及后半句“Let’s go out for a walk.”可知,此处表示说话时正在发生的动作,需使用现在进行时,其结构为:am/is/are+动词-ing形式。主语“The sun”为单数第三人称,因此其后的助动词需用is,应填is shining。
7.—Where is Lucy?
—She ________ in the garden with her friends.
A.plays B.played C.is playing D.will play
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——露西在哪里?——她正在花园里和她的朋友们玩耍。
根据问句“Where is Lucy?”可知询问的是露西现在的去向,答语表示她正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时。应填is playing。
8.—What ________ you doing right now?
—I ________ reading a book.
A.are; am B.do; do C.is; am D.does; do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你现在正在做什么?——我正在读书。
根据时间状语“right now”及动词形式“doing/reading”可知句子时态为现在进行时,结构为“be + doing”。第一空主语是you,be动词用are;第二空主语是I,be动词用am。
9.Look! The boys ________ soccer on the street. It’s dangerous.
A.play B.are playing C.played D.will play
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看!男孩们正在街上踢足球。这很危险。
句中“Look!”是现在进行时的标志词,提示动作正在发生,需用现在进行时;主语“The boys”是复数,be动词用are,play的现在分词为playing,应填are playing。
10.—Who ________ playing the piano?
—My sister.
A.is B.are C.do D.does
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——谁正在弹钢琴?——我的姐姐/妹妹。
is是;are是;do做;does做。根据句中“playing”可知,句子时态为现在进行时,其结构为“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”,排除选项C和D。疑问词“Who”作主语提问,be动词用is。
11.My brother ________ a shower now; please call him later.
A.take B.takes C.is taking D.took
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我哥哥现在正在洗澡,请稍后给他打电话。
take为动词原形;takes为动词第三人称单数形式,用于一般现在时;is taking为现在进行时结构;took为动词过去式,用于一般过去时。根据句中的时间标志词now可知,动作正在此刻发生,需使用现在进行时,其结构为“be 动词 + 动词的现在分词”;主语My brother是第三人称单数,be动词用is,take的现在分词为taking,因此is taking符合语法规则和语境。
12.It’s nine o’clock. Everyone ________ in the classroom.
A.study B.studies C.is studying D.are studying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:现在九点了。每个人都正在教室里学习。
根据“It’s nine o’clock.”可知,动作此时此刻正在进行,应用现在进行时,主语Everyone是不定代词,作单数用,be动词用is。应填is studying。
13.She ________ English every morning. Listen, she ________ English now.
A.read; read B.reads; is reading C.is reading; reads D.reads; read
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她每天早上读英语。听,她现在正在读英语。
第一空根据“every morning”可知,时态为一般现在时,主语She是第三人称单数,谓语动词用reads;第二空根据“Listen”和“now”可知,时态为现在进行时,结构为be+doing,用is reading。
14.—Where are the boys?
—They ________ soccer on the playground.
A.play B.plays C.are playing D.is playing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——男孩们在哪里?——他们正在操场上踢足球。
根据“Where are the boys?”可知,答句应用现在进行时“be doing”结构描述男孩们正在做的事情,主语为复数,be动词用are。
三、完成句子。
1.我们正在为英语考试做准备。(根据中文意思完成句子)
We ________ ________ for the English test.
【答案】 are preparing
【详解】原句中“正在做准备”是关键词,表示“正在做某事”的时态是现在进行时。本句主语为“We”,故用“are preparing”,表示“正在准备”。
2.我妈妈现在不在做饭,她在打扫房间。
My mother ________ ________ dinner now. She ________ ________ the room.
【答案】 isn’t making is cleaning
【详解】原句中“不在做饭”和“在打扫”是关键词,表示“做饭”的短语是make dinner,表示“打扫”的动词是clean;句中有时间状语“now”,表示动作正在进行,需使用现在进行时,结构为“be + doing”。主语“My mother”和“She”均为第三人称单数,因此be动词选用is。第一句“不在做饭”是否定句,“is not”缩写为isn’t,make需要变为现在分词making。第二句“她在打扫”是肯定句,be动词填is,clean的现在分词为cleaning。故填isn’t;making;is;cleaning。
3.此刻,我们正在上英语课。
________ ________ ________, we ________ ________ an English class.
【答案】 At the/this moment are having
【详解】原句中“此刻”和“正在上”是关键词。“此刻”对应的短语为At the/this moment,在句中作时间状语,位于句首,首字母需大写。从中文句意可以判断本句用现在进行时,结构为“be动词+动词现在分词”;主语we是第一人称复数,be动词用are;“上课”的动词是have,现在分词是having,因此后两个空填are;having。
4.我哥哥今天不上班,他在度假
My brother ________ today—he’s having a holiday.
【答案】isn’t working/is not working
【详解】原句中“不上班”是关键词,结合时间状语“today”和后文“he’s having a holiday”可知,此处表示现阶段正在发生的状态或暂时的情况,应用现在进行时。主语“My brother”是第三人称单数,be动词用is,否定形式为isn’t/is not;“上班/工作”的动词是work,其现在分词形式为working。
5.我们正在为端午节包粽子
We ________ zongzi for the Dragon Boat Festival now.
【答案】are making/are wrapping
【详解】原句中“正在包”是关键词,标志句子为现在进行时,结构为主语+be动词+动词现在分词,主语We对应的be动词为are,表达“包粽子”可使用短语make zongzi或wrap zongzi,make的现在分词为making,wrap的现在分词为wrapping,句中now也为现在进行时提示词,故填are making/are wrapping。
6.我恐怕他不在这里——他现在在超市购物。
I’m afraid he’s not here—he ________ at the supermarket now.
【答案】is shopping
【详解】原句中“购物”是关键词,“购物”用shop表达,根据“now”可知,句子是现在进行时,现在进行时的结构是“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”,主语he是第三人称单数,be动词用is,shop的现在分词是shopping。
7.我正在等我的好朋友。
I ________ ________ for my good friend.
【答案】 am waiting
【详解】原句中“正在等”是关键词。题干中“正在”表明动作此时此刻正在进行,因此句子需使用现在进行时,其结构为“be动词+动词现在分词”。主语是I,对应be动词应使用am。动词“等”的英文单词是wait,现在分词形式是waiting。
8.那个女孩正在树下读书。
That girl ________ ________ ________ under the tree.
【答案】 is reading books
【详解】原句中“正在读书”为关键词,句子描述正在进行的动作,需用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”;主语“That girl”是第三人称单数,be动词用is,“读书”用read books表达,read的现在分词是reading。
9.他正在和他的朋友一起做家庭作业吗?
________ he ________ homework ________ his friend?
【答案】 Is doing with
【详解】原句中“正在和朋友一起做作业”为关键词,句子描述正在进行的动作,需用现在进行时;现在进行时的一般疑问句结构为“Be动词+主语+现在分词+其他”,主语he是第三人称单数,be动词用Is,“做作业”用do homework表达,do的现在分词是doing;“和……一起”用介词with表示,故填Is;doing;with。
10.看!他们正在操场上打篮球。
Look! They ________ ________ basketball on the playground.
【答案】 are playing
【详解】原句中“正在……打”是关键词。句首的Look!是现在进行时的标志词,所以本句为现在进行时,结构是“am/is/are+动词现在分词”。主语是复数They,对应be动词用are;“打篮球”是play basketball,play的现在分词是playing,因此两个空分别填are;playing。
11.我妹妹正在房间里听音乐。(根据中文意思完成句子)
My sister ________ ________ to music in her room.
【答案】 is listening
【详解】原句中“正在听音乐”为关键词,句子描述正在进行的动作,需用现在进行时;现在进行时的结构为be+动词的现在分词,主语My sister是第三人称单数,be动词用is,“听音乐”的固定搭配是listen to music,listen的现在分词是listening,故填is;listening。
12.Lily正在上网课吗?
________ Lily ________ an online class now?
【答案】 Is taking/having
【详解】原句中“正在上”是关键词。句中now表示“此刻、现在”,要用现在进行时,结构为“be+现在分词”;主语Lily是第三人称单数,be动词选用Is且置于句首;take/have an online class表示 “上网课”,have变为having;take变为taking。
13.我爸爸正在做一个新的项目。
My father is ________ ________ a new project.
【答案】 working on
【详解】原句中“正在做”是关键词,对应的英文固定表达是work on,表示“从事、致力于”。根据句中“is”可知,句子时态为现在进行时,结构为“be + 动词现在分词”,动词work的现在分词是working,因此①填working,②填on。
14.我正期待着你的回信。
I am ________ forward ________ your reply.
【答案】 looking to
【详解】原句中“期待”是关键词,“期待”常见的表达是look forward to,这里am表明句子时态是现在进行时,其结构是“be+动词的现在分词”,所以look要变成looking。
15.这个老人正在给年轻人讲故事。
The old man ___________ __________ young people stories.
【答案】 is telling
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“正在给……讲”,用英文表达为tell;句子为现在进行时,结构是be + 现在分词,主语The old man为单数,be动词用is,tell的现在分词是telling。故填is;telling。
四、句型转换。
1.He is having breakfast. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
—________ he ________ breakfast?
—Yes, ________ ________.
【答案】 Is having he is
【详解】句意:他正在吃早餐。原句“He is having breakfast.”是现在进行时,结构为“主语+be动词+动词-ing”。变一般疑问句时,需将be动词(is)提到句首,首字母大写,动词-ing形式(having)保持不变。即第一空填Is,第二空填having。一般疑问句的肯定回答结构为“Yes, 主语+be动词”。主语是he,对应的be动词是is。因此第三空填he,第四空填is。故填Is;having;he;is。
2.She is washing her clothes. (改为否定句)
She ________ ________ ________ her clothes.
【答案】 is not washing
【详解】句意:她正在洗她的衣服。句子为现在进行时,含有be动词is,改为否定句时,直接在is后加not,现在分词washing保持不变。故填is;not;washing。
3. They will visit Beijing next week. (改为现在进行时表将来)
They ________ ________ Beijing next week.
【答案】 are visiting
【详解】句意:——他们下周将要游览北京。——他们计划下周去游览北京
要求将原句改为“现在进行时表将来”;现在进行时的构成公式为“be 动词 (am/is/are) + 动词现在分词 (doing)”;主语是“They”(复数),因此be动词选用“are”;实义动词“visit”需要变为现在分词形式“visiting”;在英语中visit、go、come等动词是表示计划或安排的。
4.They are playing football on the playground. (改为否定句)
They ________ ________ playing football on the playground.
【答案】 are not
【详解】句意:他们正在操场上踢足球。原句结构为“主语+be动词(are)+现在分词(playing)”,属于现在进行时。现在进行时变否定句,只需在be动词后直接加not。主语They对应的be动词是are,因此否定形式为are not。
5.It is raining now.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—________ ________ raining now?
—No, ________ ________.
【答案】 Is it it isn’t
【详解】句意:现在正在下雨。原句“It is raining now.”是现在进行时,句中含有be动词is;变为一般疑问句时,需将be动词is提至句首,首字母大写,主语it紧随其后;一般疑问句的否定回答结构为“No, 主语+be动词+not”,此处主语是it,be动词是is,is not通常缩写为isn’t。
6.The girls are singing songs.(改为一般疑问句)
________ the girls ________ songs?
【答案】 Are singing
【详解】句意:女孩们正在唱歌。原句是现在进行时,结构为“主语+be动词+动词-ing”。变为一般疑问句时,需将be动词(are)提前至句首,首字母大写,其余部分语序不变。第一空填提前的be动词Are,第二空保留动词-ing形式singing。
7.They are playing soccer.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ they ________?
【答案】 What are doing
【详解】句意:他们正在踢足球。划线部分“playing soccer”表示正在进行的动作,对“做什么”提问,特殊疑问词用 What,原句是现在进行时,变为特殊疑问句时,be动词are提至主语they之前,具体的动作在问句中需用doing代替。
8.Linda is dancing in the room. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ Linda ________ in the room?
【答案】 What is doing
【详解】句意:琳达正在房间里跳舞。划线部分“is dancing”表示正在进行的动作,对动作提问要用疑问词What,结合现在进行时,结构为“What + be动词 + 主语 + doing?”,原句主语是“Linda”,be动词为“is”。
9.We are listening to music now. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
— ________ ________ listening to music now?
— Yes, ________ ________ .
【答案】 Are you we are
【详解】句意:我们现在正在听音乐。句子为现在进行时,改为一般疑问句时,需要将be动词are提到句首,同时第一人称we要变为第二人称you;作肯定回答时,用Yes,主语对应问句改为we,并使用are呼应问句的be动词。
10.She is cleaning her room at the moment.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—________ she ________ her room at the moment?
—Yes, ________ ________.
【答案】 Is cleaning she is
【详解】句意:她此刻正在打扫房间。原句为现在进行时(be+doing),变为一般疑问句需将be动词is提到句首并大写首字母,现在分词cleaning保持原形;一般疑问句的肯定回答结构为“Yes, 主语+be动词”,主语为she、对应be动词is。
11.He is doing his homework carefully. (改为否定句)
He ________ ________ his homework carefully.
【答案】 isn’t doing
【详解】句意:他正在认真做作业。本句为现在进行时,否定形式直接在be动词is后加not,缩写成isn’t,其后的现在分词doing保持不变。
12.My parents are watching TV in the living room. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ your parents watching TV?
【答案】 Where are
【详解】句意:我的父母正在客厅里看电视。划线部分“in the living room”表示地点,对地点提问要用特殊疑问词Where。本句为现在进行时,变疑问句时需要把be动词are提到主语前。
13.The girls are dancing happily. (改为否定句)
The girls ________ ________ happily.
【答案】 aren’t dancing
【详解】句意:这些女孩正在开心地跳舞。原句“The girls are dancing happily.”为现在进行时,结构是“主语+be动词are+动词现在分词dancing”,现在进行时变否定句,只需在be动词are后面直接加not,只有两个空格,需要将are not缩写为aren’t填入第一空,动词dancing填入第二空。
14.They are playing chess under the tree. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ they ________ under the tree?
【答案】 What are doing
【详解】句意:他们在树下下棋。划线部分“playing chess”表示正在进行的动作,对“做什么”提问,特殊疑问词用What(位于句子开头,首字母需大写),原句时态为现在进行时(be+doing),变疑问句时将be动词are提至主语they之前。对正在进行的动作提问时,具体的动词短语(playing chess)需改为泛指的doing。故填What;are;doing。
15.They are playing basketball now.(改为否定句)
They ________ ________ playing basketball now.
【答案】 are not
【详解】句意:他们现在正在打篮球。根据句末的“now”和结构“are playing”可知,原句为现在进行时。现在进行时的否定句结构为“主语+be动词+not+动词-ing”,即在be动词后直接加“not”。主语是“They”,对应的be动词是“are”,因此否定形式为are;not。
一、语法选择
根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Today is Saturday. It’s 9:00 p.m. Do you know what 1 in the world? Some are washing. Some are sleeping. Some are working on computers. Some are driving on their way home. Others are drinking 2 and eating breakfast in coffee shops. People’s lives are rich and 3 . Different people are enjoying different lives.
The Smiths are all at home now. Mrs. Smith is watching TV. 4 watching a TV shopping program. She wants to buy a 5 , because she wants to ride it to work. Mr. Smith is reading a newspaper. He is reading some news about a star, because his favorite 6 is Liu Huan, who sings very well. Their son Jim is talking on the phone. He is 7 one of his friends. He wants to go to the 8 to see animals with his friend. Their daughter Lily is playing with their pet dog. She is only four years old. She eats a(n) 9 every day. It is her favorite fruit. What’s that over there? Oh, it’s a cat. It’s sleeping. “Jim, please be 10 . Don’t wake it up (弄醒)!” Mrs. Smith says.
1.A.is happening B.happens C.will happen D.happen
2.A.bread B.chicken C.dumplings D.coffee
3.A.colourful B.careful C.common D.soft
4.A.He’s B.We’re C.She’s D.They’re
5.A.house B.bike C.hat D.piano
6.A.singer B.teacher C.villager D.child
7.A.calling B.missing C.e-mailing D.studying
8.A.supermarket B.movies C.shop D.zoo
9.A.tomato B.apple C.egg D.carrot
10.A.happy B.noisy C.quiet D.strict
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,描述了晚上9点时世界各地人们的不同生活状态,并以Smith一家为例,展现了家庭成员各自的活动,体现了生活的丰富多彩。
【详解】1.句意:现在是晚上9点,你知道世界上正在发生什么吗?
根据“it’s 9:00 p.m.”及后文“Some are washing...”的现在进行时语境,此处询问此刻正在发生的事,用现在进行时is happening“正在发生”;happens“发生(一般现在时)”、will happen“将要发生(一般将来时)”、happen“发生(原形)”均不符合。
2.句意:另一些人正在咖啡馆喝咖啡、吃早餐。
根据“in coffee shops”,coffee“咖啡”符合咖啡馆的场景;bread“面包”、chicken“鸡肉”、dumplings“饺子”均不是饮品,无法与drinking搭配。
3.句意:人们的生活是丰富多彩的。
rich and colourful“丰富且多彩”是固定搭配,符合后文“Different people are enjoying different lives”的描述;careful“小心的”、common“普通的”、soft“柔软的”均不符合。
4.句意:Smith夫人正在看电视,她正在看电视购物。
此处指代Mrs. Smith,用She’s“她正在”;He’s“他正在”、We’re“我们正在”、They’re“他们正在”均不符合。
5.句意:她想买一辆自行车,因为她想骑着它去上班。
根据“ride it to work”,bike“自行车”是可以骑行的交通工具;house“房子”、hat“帽子”、piano“钢琴”均无法骑行。
6.句意:他正在读关于一位明星的新闻,因为他最喜欢的歌手是刘欢,他唱得很好。
根据“who sings very well”,singer“歌手”符合唱歌非常好的身份;teacher“老师”、villager“村民”、child“孩子”均不符合。
7.句意:他们的儿子Jim正在打电话,他正在给他的一个朋友打电话。
根据“talking on the phone”,calling“打电话”符合语境;missing“想念”、e-mailing“发邮件”、studying“学习”均与打电话无关。
8.句意:他想和朋友去动物园看动物。
根据“see animals”,zoo“动物园”是看动物的场所;supermarket“超市”、movies“电影院”、shop“商店”均不符合。
9.句意:她每天吃一个苹果,这是她最喜欢的水果。
根据“favorite fruit”,apple“苹果”是水果;tomato“西红柿”(日常视作蔬菜)、egg“鸡蛋”、carrot“胡萝卜”均不是水果。
10.句意:“Jim,请安静,别吵醒它!”Smith夫人说。
根据“Don’t wake it up”,quiet“安静的”符合不让猫被吵醒的要求;happy“开心的”、noisy“吵闹的”、strict“严格的”均不符合。
二、语法填空
People often ask me how I can stay 1 (health). I think it’s normal. I don’t think there is 2 (something) special. I always get up early because I have to cook breakfast for 3 (I) family. After 4 (get) up, I get dressed 5 (one). Then I 6 (quick) drink a cup of water and eat a good breakfast. My home is not far 7 school, so I usually walk or ride a bike to school. I think it’s also good exercise.
Today is Saturday, I don’t have 8 (go) to school. 9 my family are still very busy. My father 10 (teach) the violin in the club. He can play different 11 (kind) of instruments (乐器). My mother takes my sister to the swimming club. As for my brother, usually it takes him one hour 12 (do) his homework at home. Look! My uncle 13 (watch) the TV shopping. He wants 14 (buy) a bike on TV. Do you know what my pet dog likes doing? He always takes 15 shower in the pool (水池) near our house. He is really cute. We all love him.
【答案】
1.healthy 2.anything 3.my 4.getting 5.first 6.quickly 7.from 8.to go 9.But 10.teaches 11.kinds 12.to do 13.is watching 14.to buy 15.a
【导语】本文是作者分享自己保持健康的日常作息,以及周六这天全家各自忙碌的生活状态,展现了普通又充满烟火气的日常家庭生活场景。
【详解】1.句意:人们经常问我如何保持健康。固定短语stay healthy“保持健康”,形容词healthy作表语。
2.句意:我认为没有什么特别的。否定句中something要变为anything,符合语法规则。
3.句意:我总是早起,因为要给我的家人做早餐。此处修饰名词family,要用形容词性物主代词my,表所属关系。
4.句意:起床之后,我先穿好衣服。介词after后接动名词,get的动名词形式是getting。
5.句意:起床之后,我先穿好衣服。空处需要序数词表示顺序,序数词first“首先”,符合语境。
6.句意:然后我快速喝一杯水,吃一顿丰盛的早餐。修饰动词drink用副词,quickly表示“快速地”。
7.句意:我家离学校不远,所以我通常步行或骑自行车去学校。固定搭配far from“远离”。
8.句意:今天是周六,我不必去上学。固定搭配have to do sth.意为“不得不做某事”,填to go。
9.句意:但是我的家人依旧很忙。连词But表转折,衔接“不用上学”和“家人忙碌”的反差。
10.句意:我的爸爸在俱乐部教小提琴。描述周六的习惯性活动用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式teaches。
11.句意:他能演奏不同种类的乐器。different后接可数名词复数,kind的复数形式是kinds。
12.句意:对我弟弟来说,在家写作业通常要花一小时。固定句型it takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”,填to do。
13.句意:看!我的叔叔正在看电视购物。“Look!”提示时态为现在进行时,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用is,后跟动词现在分词watching。
14.句意:他想在电视上买一辆自行车。固定搭配want to do sth.“想要做某事”,填to buy。
15.句意:他总是在我家附近的水池里洗澡。固定搭配take a shower意为“洗澡”,填冠词a。
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Unit 1 Here and now 核心语法精练
(现在进行时)
目录
二、考点夯基 3
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3
二、单项选择 4
三、完成句子 5
四、句型转换 6
一、语法选择 8
二、短文填空 9
现在进行时
定义
现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作,有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。
The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。
We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。
构成
现在进行时由"be+现在分词(v-ing)"构成。be为助动词,一定不要漏掉!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致,即:I用am,he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。
现在分词变化规则
a. 动词后直接+- ing(例:sleep+-ing→sleeping)
b. 去掉不发音的e+-ing(例:bite-e+-ing→biting)
c. 重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+-ing(例:sitting,beginning,getting,putting,running,stopping,cutting )
d. 特殊变化:die→dying,lie→lying,tie→tying
句型结构
肯定句
主语+ am/is/are+ v-ing
They are cleaning the house.
否定句
主语+ am/is/are +not+ v-ing
They aren’t cleaning the house.
一般疑问句
问:Am/Is/Are+主语+ v-ing?
答:Yes/No, 主语+am/is/are.
---Are they cleaning the house?
---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
特殊疑问句
问:特殊疑问词+ am/is/are+主语+ doing?
答:主语+am/is/are+doing.
---What are they doing?
---They are cleaning the house.
常用用法
1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。常与now, look, listen, at the moment等连用。
Listen! Birds are singing. 听!鸟在歌唱。
Look! he train is just getting into the station. 看!火车进站啦。
He is reading now. 他在看书。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。常和at present(目前),this week(本周),these days(这几天)等时间状语连用。
Are you trying to find a furnished house? 你是想找一栋有家具的房子吗?
What courses are you studying this term? 你这学期学哪几门课?
3.表示当前的动向
Houses are costing more these days.如今房价越来越贵了。
It’s getting colder and colder.
4. 表示事先计划好的动作(指将来)
表示一个在最近按计划将进行的动作或为将来安排好的活动,通常需要一个表示时间的状语。
We are spending next summer in England.我们将要在英国度过明年夏天。
I'm getting married tomorrow.我明天就要结婚了。
5. 位移动词:go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,常用进行时表将来。表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。
He's arriving tomorrow morning on the 7:30 train.明天早上他将乘7时30分的火车到达。
Christmas is coming soon.圣诞节很快就到了。
6. 现在进行时与always连用时,往往含有赞扬、厌恶、责备等感情色彩。
She's always helping people.她经常帮助别人。
He's always causing trouble.他总是在制造麻烦。
不能用进行时的动词
1) 感官动词:如see,hear等。
2) 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词:如like, love, hate等。
3) 表示希望的动词:如hope, wish等。
4) 表示状态的动词:如remain等。
5) 表示归属的动词:如have, belong等。
6) 表示思维或理解能力的动词:如know, forget等。
现在进行时和一般现在时的区别
(1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作,而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如:
I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作,而一般现在时只表动作的重复,而不表示动作的持续。
What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。
They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。
(3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时,表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
(5) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。
巧记口诀
look, listen是标志,现在进行正发生;有时now在句中现,"be+v-ing"时态成。
若问be用何形式,须看主语数、人称。he/she is, I am,we, you, they后are紧跟。
v-ing形式更好记,三种构成要分清。一般问句be提前,be后加not否定成!
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Linda ________ (dance) very well. She ________ (dance) now.
2.Listen! Someone ________ (play) the piano in the next room.
3.They ________ (not watch) TV now; they’re doing homework.
4.Don’t make noise. My grandpa ________ (sleep).
5.Look! The bird ________ (sing) in the tree.
6.My parents are ________ (cook) dinner in the kitchen at the moment.
7.My mother often ________ (cook) dinner for us, but now she ________ (read) a book.
8.—Where is your sister? —She ________ (water) flowers in the garden.
9.My sister ________ (study) for her exam right now.
10.Look! They ________ (play) volleyball in the sports park.
11.What fine weather it is! The sun is ________ (shine) brightly in the sky.
12.I like to watch the news and see what ________ (happen) across the city.
13.The little boy ________ (cry) now. What’s wrong with him?
14.Right now, they ________ (talk) about the new movie.
15.Be quiet! The students ________ (read) books in the library.
16.It’s 7:00 a.m. Now my family ________ (have) breakfast.
二、单项选择。
1.— What ________ they ________?
— They are cleaning the classroom.
A.do; do B.are; do C.are; doing D.did; do
2.It’s raining outside. So we ________ at home now.
A.stay B.stays C.are staying D.is staying
3.It’s 7 o’clock in the morning. My parents ________ breakfast.
A.have B.has C.are having D.is having
4.Tom ________ his homework at the moment. He usually ________ it after school.
A.does; is doing B.is doing; does C.does; does D.is doing; is doing
5.Look! The children ________ kites in the park happily.
A.fly B.are flying C.flew D.flies
6.The sun ________ brightly now. Let’s go out for a walk.
A.shine B.shines C.is shining D.shone
7.—Where is Lucy?
—She ________ in the garden with her friends.
A.plays B.played C.is playing D.will play
8.—What ________ you doing right now?
—I ________ reading a book.
A.are; am B.do; do C.is; am D.does; do
9.Look! The boys ________ soccer on the street. It’s dangerous.
A.play B.are playing C.played D.will play
10.—Who ________ playing the piano?
—My sister.
A.is B.are C.do D.does
11.My brother ________ a shower now; please call him later.
A.take B.takes C.is taking D.took
12.It’s nine o’clock. Everyone ________ in the classroom.
A.study B.studies C.is studying D.are studying
13.She ________ English every morning. Listen, she ________ English now.
A.read; read B.reads; is reading C.is reading; reads D.reads; read
14.—Where are the boys?
—They ________ soccer on the playground.
A.play B.plays C.are playing D.is playing
三、完成句子。
1.我们正在为英语考试做准备。(根据中文意思完成句子)
We ________ ________ for the English test.
2.我妈妈现在不在做饭,她在打扫房间。
My mother ________ ________ dinner now. She ________ ________ the room.
3.此刻,我们正在上英语课。
________ ________ ________, we ________ ________ an English class.
4.我哥哥今天不上班,他在度假
My brother ________ today—he’s having a holiday.
5.我们正在为端午节包粽子
We ________ zongzi for the Dragon Boat Festival now.
6.我恐怕他不在这里——他现在在超市购物。
I’m afraid he’s not here—he ________ at the supermarket now.
7.我正在等我的好朋友。
I ________ ________ for my good friend.
8.那个女孩正在树下读书。
That girl ________ ________ ________ under the tree.
9.他正在和他的朋友一起做家庭作业吗?
________ he ________ homework ________ his friend?
10.看!他们正在操场上打篮球。
Look! They ________ ________ basketball on the playground.
11.我妹妹正在房间里听音乐。(根据中文意思完成句子)
My sister ________ ________ to music in her room.
12.Lily正在上网课吗?
________ Lily ________ an online class now?
13.我爸爸正在做一个新的项目。
My father is ________ ________ a new project.
14.我正期待着你的回信。
I am ________ forward ________ your reply.
15.这个老人正在给年轻人讲故事。
The old man ___________ __________ young people stories.
四、句型转换。
1.He is having breakfast. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
—________ he ________ breakfast?
—Yes, ________ ________.
2.She is washing her clothes. (改为否定句)
She ________ ________ ________ her clothes.
3. They will visit Beijing next week. (改为现在进行时表将来)
They ________ ________ Beijing next week.
4.They are playing football on the playground. (改为否定句)
They ________ ________ playing football on the playground.
5.It is raining now.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—________ ________ raining now?
—No, ________ ________.
6.The girls are singing songs.(改为一般疑问句)
________ the girls ________ songs?
7.They are playing soccer.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ they ________?
8.Linda is dancing in the room. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ Linda ________ in the room?
9.We are listening to music now. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
— ________ ________ listening to music now?
— Yes, ________ ________ .
10.She is cleaning her room at the moment.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—________ she ________ her room at the moment?
—Yes, ________ ________.
11.He is doing his homework carefully. (改为否定句)
He ________ ________ his homework carefully.
12.My parents are watching TV in the living room. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ your parents watching TV?
13.The girls are dancing happily. (改为否定句)
The girls ________ ________ happily.
14.They are playing chess under the tree. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ they ________ under the tree?
15.They are playing basketball now.(改为否定句)
They ________ ________ playing basketball now.
一、语法选择
根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Today is Saturday. It’s 9:00 p.m. Do you know what 1 in the world? Some are washing. Some are sleeping. Some are working on computers. Some are driving on their way home. Others are drinking 2 and eating breakfast in coffee shops. People’s lives are rich and 3 . Different people are enjoying different lives.
The Smiths are all at home now. Mrs. Smith is watching TV. 4 watching a TV shopping program. She wants to buy a 5 , because she wants to ride it to work. Mr. Smith is reading a newspaper. He is reading some news about a star, because his favorite 6 is Liu Huan, who sings very well. Their son Jim is talking on the phone. He is 7 one of his friends. He wants to go to the 8 to see animals with his friend. Their daughter Lily is playing with their pet dog. She is only four years old. She eats a(n) 9 every day. It is her favorite fruit. What’s that over there? Oh, it’s a cat. It’s sleeping. “Jim, please be 10 . Don’t wake it up (弄醒)!” Mrs. Smith says.
1.A.is happening B.happens C.will happen D.happen
2.A.bread B.chicken C.dumplings D.coffee
3.A.colourful B.careful C.common D.soft
4.A.He’s B.We’re C.She’s D.They’re
5.A.house B.bike C.hat D.piano
6.A.singer B.teacher C.villager D.child
7.A.calling B.missing C.e-mailing D.studying
8.A.supermarket B.movies C.shop D.zoo
9.A.tomato B.apple C.egg D.carrot
10.A.happy B.noisy C.quiet D.strict
二、语法填空
People often ask me how I can stay 1 (health). I think it’s normal. I don’t think there is 2 (something) special. I always get up early because I have to cook breakfast for 3 (I) family. After 4 (get) up, I get dressed 5 (one). Then I 6 (quick) drink a cup of water and eat a good breakfast. My home is not far 7 school, so I usually walk or ride a bike to school. I think it’s also good exercise.
Today is Saturday, I don’t have 8 (go) to school. 9 my family are still very busy. My father 10 (teach) the violin in the club. He can play different 11 (kind) of instruments (乐器). My mother takes my sister to the swimming club. As for my brother, usually it takes him one hour 12 (do) his homework at home. Look! My uncle 13 (watch) the TV shopping. He wants 14 (buy) a bike on TV. Do you know what my pet dog likes doing? He always takes 15 shower in the pool (水池) near our house. He is really cute. We all love him.
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Unit 1 Here and now 核心语法精练
(现在进行时)
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.dances is dancing 2.is playing 3.aren’t watching 4.is sleeping is singing
6.cooking 7.cooks is reading 8.is watering 9.is studying 10.are playing
11.shining 12.is happening 13.is crying 14.are talking 15.are reading 16.are having
二、单项选择。
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.C
12.C 13.B 14.C
三、完成句子。
1.are preparing 2.isn’t making is cleaning 3.At the/this moment are having
4.isn’t working/is not working 5.are making/are wrapping 6.is shopping 7.am waiting
8.is reading books 9.Is doing with 10.are playing 11.is listening
12.Is taking/having 13.working on 14.looking to 15.is telling
四、句型转换。
1.Is having he is 2.is not washing 3. are visiting 4.are not
5.Is it it isn’t 6.Are singing 7.What are doing 8.What is doing
9.Are you we are 10.Is cleaning she is 11.isn’t doing 12.Where are
13.aren’t dancing 14.What are doing 15.are not
一、语法选择
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C
二、语法填空
1.healthy 2.anything 3.my 4.getting 5.first 6.quickly 7.from 8.to go 9.But 10.teaches 11.kinds 12.to do 13.is watching 14.to buy 15.a
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