Unit 1 Look it up!人与社会：百科知识（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

**基本信息** 以百科知识为载体，通过说明文语篇训练阅读理解、完形填空等题型，融合长难句解析与词汇拓展，系统提升科普文解读能力，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（极光、三峡大坝）|说明文，考查细节理解、推理判断|自然现象原理→工程科技应用，构建“现象-原理-意义”认知链| |真题示例|2篇（塑料分解细菌、辣木树净水）|新闻报道/说明文，含推理与主旨题|环保科技主题，体现“发现-应用-展望”研究逻辑| |模拟演练|4篇（猴子面部识别等）|阅读理解、阅读还原、完形填空|跨学科知识整合，涵盖生物、数学、自然科学，强化语篇连贯与词汇运用|

Unit 1 Look it up! 百科知识 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 257 极光（北极光）的形成原理、颜色成因以及研究极光的科学意义。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 251 介绍了长江三峡大坝这一世界级宏伟工程，讲述了它的建设背景、建造历程、核心功能。 真题示例 Passage 1 阅读理解 新闻报道 298 介绍了科学家发现一种能分解聚氨酯塑料的细菌，为塑料垃圾处理提供了新思路，但目前仍需进一步研究。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 295 介绍了巴西科学家发现辣木树种子可吸附水中微塑料来净水，该方法环保且净水效果好，目前还需测试处理大量水体的能力。 模拟演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 236 介绍了美籍华裔科学家曹颖及其团队对猴子识别人类面部的研究，包括研究过程、发现以及该研究的潜在应用价值。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 270 通过蜂巢的六边形结构、向日葵种子的斐波那契数列等例子，揭示了隐藏在自然界中的数学规律。 Passage 3 阅读还原 说明文 247 讲述了数感（number sense）在日常生活中的重要性、包含的关键技能以及如何培养数感。 Passage 4 完形填空 说明文 244 介绍了云的构成、重量、形态变化等科学知识。 · Knowledge is power. – Francis Bacon 知识就是力量。——弗朗西斯·培根 · A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. – Alexander Pope 一知半解是危险的事。——亚历山大·蒲柏 · The more you know, the more you realize you don’t know. – Aristotle 知道得越多，越发觉自己无知。——亚里士多德 · Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. – Thomas Fuller 知识使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。——托马斯·富勒 · Learning never exhausts the mind. – Leonardo da Vinci 学习永远不会让心智枯竭。——列奥纳多·达·芬奇 · Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. – Nelson Mandela 教育是你能用来改变世界的最有力武器。——纳尔逊·曼德拉 · The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing. – Socrates 真正的智慧在于知道自己一无所知。——苏格拉底 · Knowledge without practice makes but half an artist. – Thomas Fuller 有知识而无实践，只算半个行家。——托马斯·富勒 · To know everything is to know nothing. – French Proverb 无所不知即一无所知。——法国谚语 · Wisdom begins in wonder. – Socrates 智慧始于惊奇。——苏格拉底 · Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. – Thomas Fuller 知识是宝库，实践是打开它的钥匙。——托马斯·富勒 Passage A（极光） The northern lights, also called the aurora borealis, are one of the planet’s most amazing natural wonders. For ages, facing the freezing cold, explorers have traveled across the world, all to have a look at their beauty. But how does this magical light show actually happen? The picture on the right shows how it forms. The sun keeps sending out particles into space. When the particles travel towards the Earth, they meet Earth’s magnetic field. Acting like a protective cover, Earth’s magnetic field stops most particles from reaching the Earth. However, it is weaker at the North and South Poles. So some particles get in near the Poles and collide (撞击) with gases in the air. The collisions make the gases give off energy in the form of light. This light is the aurora. The colors of auroras depend on the type of gas and the height of the collisions. Green, the most common color, comes from oxygen (氧气) at medium heights (about 100~200 km). Red comes from oxygen higher up, but it is less common. Nitrogen (氮气) produces blue and purple, usually at lower heights. In the past, auroras were seen as mysteries. Today, with modern technology, scientists can even predict when they will appear. Studying auroras helps scientists learn about Earth’s magnetic field and solar activity. It also helps protect satellites in space. The aurora is more than just a beautiful sight—it is a connection between Earth and the Sun, showing the amazing beauty of nature. 1. The aurora borealis is a kind of ________. A. extreme weather B. natural light C. scientific exploration D. magic trick 2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The sun. B. The gas in the air. C. The particle. D. Earth’s magnetic field. 3. Which of the following shows how the aurora forms? ① Some particles get in near the poles.  ② Particles hit gases and the gases give off energy. ③ Earth’s magnetic field stops most particles.  ④ The sun keeps sending out particles into space. A. ④→②→①→③ B. ④→②→③→① C. ④→③→①→② D. ④→①→②→③ 4. When particles collide with oxygen at a height of about 300 km, ________ auroras will probably appear. A. red B. green C. blue D. purple 5. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To describe the influence of the sun on the earth. B. To explain how ancient people discovered auroras. C. To show the scientific importance of studying auroras. D. To tell readers how to predict the appearance of auroras. 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第二句）For ages, facing the freezing cold, explorers have traveled around the world, all to have a look at their beauty. 译文：多少个世纪以来，探险家们冒着严寒环游世界，只为了一睹它们（极光）的美丽。 分析：本句是一个简单句，但包含非谓语动词结构。facing the freezing cold 是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态或原因；all to have a look at their beauty 是动词不定式短语作目的状语，解释了探险家环游世界的目的。 原句：（第二段第四句）Acting like a protective cover, Earth's magnetic field stops most particles from reaching the Earth. 译文：地球磁场就像一层保护罩，阻挡了大多数粒子到达地球。 分析：本句包含一个重要的固定搭配和非谓语动词结构。句首的 Acting like a protective cover 是现在分词短语作状语，修饰主语 Earth's magnetic field；句中使用了 stop...from doing sth. （阻止……做某事/发生某事）的结构，其中 reaching 是动名词形式。 译文 北极光，也被称为极光（aurora borealis），是地球上最令人惊叹的自然奇观之一。多少个世纪以来，探险家们冒着严寒，穿越世界各地，只为了一睹它的风采。但这神奇的灯光秀究竟是如何发生的呢？ 右图展示了它的形成过程。太阳不断向太空发射粒子。当这些粒子飞向地球时，会遇到地球的磁场。地球磁场就像一层保护罩，阻挡了大多数粒子到达地球。然而，它在南北极较弱。因此，一些粒子从极地附近进入，与空气中的气体发生碰撞（撞击）。这种碰撞使气体以光的形式释放能量。这种光就是极光。 极光的颜色取决于气体的类型和碰撞的高度。绿色是最常见的颜色，来自中等高度（约 100~200 公里）的氧气。红色来自更高处的氧气，但比较少见。氮气产生蓝色和紫色，通常在较低的高度。 在过去，极光被视为谜团。如今，借助现代技术，科学家甚至可以预测它们何时出现。研究极光有助于科学家了解地球磁场和太阳活动。这也有助于保护太空中的卫星。极光不仅仅是一道美丽的风景——它是地球与太阳之间的连接，展现了大自然令人惊叹的美。 重难点词汇 wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ n. 惊奇，奇迹 explorer / ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r) / n. 探险家 form / fɔːm / v. 形成 magnetic field / mæɡˈnetɪk fiːld / 磁场 mystery / ˈmɪstri / n. 神秘，谜 predict / prɪˈdɪkt / v. 预测，预言 Passage B（长江三峡大坝） The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It shows the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. The Yangtze River often caused serious floods in the past. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam. People began to build it in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They worked hard to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—as tall as a 60-story building! Today, the dam is vital to China. It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmland. The dam’s power stations produce large amounts of clean electricity. Its connected vessel system (连通器系统) helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock (水闸) , and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section. When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock. The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to see this modern wonder. Students learn about its scientific achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with hard work, humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature. 1. Which of the following about the Three Gorges Dam is TRUE? A. It took over 12 years to complete. B. It is the longest dam in the world. C. It completely controlled the floods in the Yangtze River. D. It is about 60 meters high. 2. What do the underlined words “is vital to” mean in the text? A. is common in B. belongs to C. plays an important role in D. does nothing for 3. What physics knowledge allows ships to pass through the dam’s gates smoothly? A. B. C. D. 4. What can we infer (推断) from the text? A. The writer feels proud while writing the text according to the last paragraph. B. The Three Gorges Dam is especially popular with foreign visitors. C. The Three Gorges Dam uses a lot of electricity every day. D. More locks will be built in the future. 5. What is the best title for the text? A. Discover the Secret: How the Three Gorges Dam works B. The Three Gorges Dam: A Modern Wonder C. The Yangtze River: Our Mother River D. Walk into Nature: The Great Rivers 长难句解析 原句：（第三段第四句） They worked hard to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—as tall as a 60-story building! 译文：他们努力工作来建造这座大坝，它长约2.3公里，高185米——相当于一座60层楼高的建筑！ 分析：本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the dam，对大坝的尺寸进行了补充说明；句中 to build the dam 是动词不定式作目的状语。 原句：（第四段第二句）It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmland. 译文：它极大地降低了洪水风险，保护了城市和农田。 分析：本句包含现在分词作结果状语的用法。protecting cities and farmland 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示主句动作（降低洪水风险）所带来的自然结果或伴随状态；句中 has reduced 是现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 译文 长江上的三峡大坝是世界上最大、最令人惊叹的工程之一。它展示了中国人民的智慧和辛勤劳动。 过去，长江经常引发严重的洪水。为了解决这个问题并创造清洁能源，中国政府决定建造一座巨大的水坝。 人们于1994年开始建造它，耗时12年多才完工。成千上万的工人利用现代化的机器和技术使这个梦想成真。他们努力建造这座大坝，它长约2.3公里，高185米——相当于一座60层楼高的建筑！ 如今，这座大坝对中国至关重要。它极大地降低了洪水风险，保护了城市和农田。大坝的发电站生产大量的清洁电力。它的连通器系统（船闸系统）帮助船只通行。船只进入水闸，然后闸门关闭。闸室内的水位上升或下降以与下一段持平。当水位变得相同时，闸门打开，船只移动到下一个闸室。 三峡大坝不仅仅是一座大坝——它是中国勇气和创造力的象征。来自世界各地的游客前来参观这一现代奇迹。学生们学习它的科学成就和背后的团队精神。大坝教导我们，通过辛勤工作，人类可以克服大自然最困难的挑战。 重难点词汇 wisdom / ˈwɪzdəm / n. 智慧，才智 serious / ˈsɪəriəs / adj. 严重的 dam / dæm / n. 水坝 overcome / ˌəʊvəˈkʌm / v. 克服，战胜 1. Knowledge is the key that unlocks the door to understanding the world. (知识是开启理解世界之门的钥匙。) 2. A broad base of knowledge allows us to see connections where others see only isolated facts. (广博的知识基础让我们能看到他人眼中孤立事实间的联系。) 3. Encyclopedic knowledge is not about memorizing everything, but about knowing how to find and synthesize information. (百科知识不在于记住一切，而在于懂得如何查找并整合信息。) 4. The pursuit of encyclopedic knowledge is a lifelong journey of curiosity and discovery. (追求百科知识是一场贯穿一生的好奇与探索之旅。) 5. In the age of information overload, encyclopedic knowledge helps us separate signal from noise. (在信息过载的时代，百科知识帮助我们分辨有效信息与噪声。) 6. True encyclopedic wisdom lies in understanding the “why” behind the “what”. (真正的百科智慧在于理解“是什么”背后的“为什么”。) 7. Knowledge without context is like a puzzle piece without the picture – confusing and incomplete. (缺乏背景的知识就像没有图案的拼图碎片——令人困惑且不完整。) 8. The beauty of encyclopedic knowledge is its ability to bridge gaps between seemingly unrelated disciplines. (百科知识的美妙之处在于它能弥合看似无关学科间的鸿沟。) 9. To write with authority on any topic, one must first build a foundation of encyclopedic knowledge. (要在任何话题上权威地写作，必须先建立百科知识的基础。) 10. Encyclopedic knowledge is not a destination, but a compass that guides us through the vast ocean of information. (百科知识不是终点，而是指引我们穿越信息汪洋的指南针。) 11. The more we know, the more we realize the depth of what we don’t know – and that’s where true learning begins. (我们知道得越多，就越意识到未知的深度——而这正是真正学习的起点。) 12. In writing, encyclopedic knowledge gives our words weight and credibility. (在写作中，百科知识赋予我们的文字分量与可信度。) 13. A well-rounded encyclopedic education teaches us to think critically and question assumptions. (全面的百科教育教会我们批判性思考并质疑假设。) 14. The joy of encyclopedic knowledge is discovering how everything is interconnected – from the smallest microbe to the largest galaxy. (百科知识的乐趣在于发现万物如何相互关联——从最小的微生物到最大的星系。) 15. To master the art of writing about “encyclopedic knowledge”, one must first become a student of the world. (要掌握“百科知识”的写作艺术，首先必须成为世界的学生。) Passage 1 （2026·山东省烟台市中考） Recently, researchers have discovered a new bacterium (细菌) that feeds on plastics. Scientists say the discovery could help reduce a flood of plastics that are ending up in the landfills (垃圾填埋场) and polluting oceans. Plastic is one of the most difficult materials to break down or recycle. To solve the problem, a team from the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Germany found the new soil bacterium. It was found in an area with a lot of plastic wastes. The team discovered the bacterium could feed on polyurethane (聚氨酯), which is widely used in making different plastic products. It was reported that polyurethane made up 3.5 million tons of Europe’s plastics last year. One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. So most polyurethane-based wastes are sent to landfills, where they can give off dangerous chemicals. The team found that the bacterium could produce enzymes (酶) that could eat polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down plastic wastes. The results were recently reported in a science magazine. Hermann Heipieper helped write the report. He said that the finding “marks an important step in being able to reuse hard-to-recycle products”. The research is part of a European Union program that tries to find useful bacteria. The goal is to discover living things that can help turn plastics into materials that can be broken down biologically. Some scientists advise against introducing the man-made bacteria into the environment at present, which could be harmful. It is suggested that much more study should be carried out to learn more about it. “Such research is needed before we can take action such as putting the plastic-eating bacteria into the oceans,” a scientist said. 1. Where was the new plastic-eating bacterium found? A. In an area full of plastic wastes. B. At the bottom of the ocean. C. In a European Union research lab. D. Inside some plastic products. 2. Why do most polyurethane-based wastes end up in landfills? A. Because they have many living things. B. Because there is no way to burn them up. C. Because recycling them needs a lot of energy. D. Because they have too many harmful chemicals. 3. How does the bacterium work on plastics? A. By breaking down polyurethane. B. By putting plastics into the oceans. C. By breaking down their enzymes. D. By changing plastics into polyurethane. 4. What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A. People are spreading the bacteria into the oceans. B. It’s necessary to do further research on the bacterium. C. Further research will mainly focus on ocean pollution. D. The bacterium can’t solve the environmental problems. Passage 2 （2026·江西省中考英语真题） Scientists in Brazil have found a new method to clean water. They can use seeds (种子) from a tree to clean dirty water. The water often has tiny plastic pieces in it. These are called microplastics. Microplastics are tiny bits of plastic, less than 0.5 cm long. They can be too small to see. They can get inside the bodies of living things, including humans. There is a kind of tree called a Moringa tree, which grows well in hot areas and lots of people eat its leaves and seeds. For years, scientists have studied if the seeds can work on microplastics to clean dirty water. Now, they have good news. In their latest study, the team found that a substance (物质) from the seeds was very useful. When they put this substance in the water, the microplastics would stick together. So it was easier to take them out with a filter (滤水器). The scientists first tested the method on tap water (自来水). They added microplastics to the water. Then, they compared their new method with a popular one. The popular method is more harmful to the environment. Surprisingly, both methods cleaned the water well. In some types of water, the Moringa seeds worked even better! Now, the team is testing the seeds on water that is collected from rivers in Brazil. The results show that this new method works well for river water, too. The scientists say it is a better choice for the environment, because it does not harm nature as the popular method does. However, more tests are still needed. Scientists want to see if this new method can clean large amounts (数量) of water. 1. What have the scientists in Brazil found? A. Microplastics are small. B. Seeds can clean water. C. Plastics are widely used. D. Leaves can feed people. 2. How does the substance from the seeds work on microplastics? A. By letting them go down. B. By breaking them into pieces. C. By turning them into gas. D. By making them stick together. 3. How is the new method different from the popular one? A. It is easier for labs to use. B. It is more popular with people. C. It is better for the environment. D. It is cheaper for scientists to test. 4. On what water are the scientists testing the seeds now? A. River water. B. Tap water. C. Sea water. D. Bottled water. 5. What is needed for the next step of the study? A. Planting more trees in Brazil. B. Collecting more Moringa leaves. C. Setting up more research teams. D. Testing on large amounts of water. Passage 1 （2025-2026·深圳盐田区期中） How do animals recognize (识别) human faces? Chinese-American scientist Doris Tsao studied this and won a high US science prize for her findings. Tsao’s team at the California Institute of Technology has been experimenting with monkeys. They found that there are 200 nerve cells (神经细胞) in the monkeys’ brains that help them recognize faces. Each cell can recognize a different facial trait, such as the shape of the face, the distance between the eyes or the color of the skin. With all the information, monkeys can build a picture of a face in their minds. Through this study, the scientists discovered how monkeys “see” human faces in their minds. After they showed the monkeys pictures of different human faces, they recorded their brain activity. Then, the scientists studied this brain activity with the help of computer software and recreated the faces that the monkeys “saw” in their minds. When they compared the computer-made faces to the real photos the monkeys saw, they looked very similar, the BBC reported. Although the study was done on monkeys, the scientists believe that human brains might recognize faces in a similar way. This technology could also be useful in the future. For example, the police might be able to recreate the face of a lawbreaker (犯法者) by recording the brain activity of the person who saw the event. 1. How does the writer introduce the topic? A. By asking a question. B. By telling a story. C. By giving an example. D. By using a saying. 2. What does the underlined word “trait” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Pattern. B. Activity. C. Characteristic. D. Expression. 3. How did the scientists recreate the faces that the monkeys saw? A. By taking pictures of the monkeys’ brains. B. By studying the shape of different human faces. C. By asking the monkeys to choose the photos they saw. D. By recording and studying the monkeys’ brain activity. 4. Why does the author mention “police” in the last paragraph? A. To suggest easier catching of lawbreakers. B. To show possible future use of the research. C. To compare monkeys’ brains with human ones. D. To stress the value of lawbreaker’s brain activity. 5. What is the main idea of the text? A. Face recognition of monkeys and humans are similar. B. Brain activities of monkeys and humans are different. C. A study shows how monkeys recognize human faces. D. A scientist wins award for face recognition research. Passage 2 （2025-2026·广东深圳翠园实验期中）Have you ever looked at a honeycomb (蜂巢) and wondered why it’s made of perfect six-sided shapes? Or why the seeds in a sunflower form such beautiful patterns? The answer lies not only in nature, but also in math. Math is more than just numbers— it’s like a hidden rule waiting to be found all around us in nature. Let’s take bees as an example. These small insects are very good at using math. When they build their honeycombs, they need to use as little material as possible to store the most honey. After a long time of evolution, they found the best shape: the hexagon (六边形). If we compare this shape to others like squares or triangles, we find that the hexagon uses the least wax to hold the most honey. This shows us how math helps solve real-life problems in nature. Another interesting example is the Fibonacci sequence (斐波那契数列). It’s a special number pattern where each number is the sum of the two numbers before it: 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13, and so on. We can see this pattern in many places in nature such as sunflowers and pineapples. It allows the seeds to be put closely together while still giving them enough space to grow. From the shape of a snail’s shell to the way planets move in space, math helps explain many things in the natural world. So the next time you study math in school, remember that you’re not just learning for tests. You’re actually discovering the hidden rules that help us organize our world! 1. How does the author begin the article? A. By explaining a math rule. B. By telling a story about bees. C. By asking questions about nature. D. By showing the beauty of sunflowers. 2. What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in paragraph 2? A. charge B. invention C. development D. creation 3. What can we learn about the Fibonacci sequence in paragraph 3? A. It is used in honeycombs. B. It often shows up in nature. C. It helps plants grow quickly. D. It is only found in sunflowers. 4. Why should we learn math according to the last paragraph? A. To get good grades in school. B. To solve problems like bees do. C. To find number patterns in nature. D. To understand the world’s hidden rules. 5. What is the best title for the text? A. How to Use the Fibonacci Sequence. B. Learning Math Well for Good Grades. C. The Hidden Math in Our Natural World. D. The Interesting Life of Bees and Flowers. Passage 3 （2025-2026·广东深圳罗湖区期中）Number sense helps us use numbers in everyday life: comparing prices, planning time, and making choices. 1 It is more than speed; it means predicting (预测) size, order, and how numbers fit. When we build number sense, Math becomes easier and less scary. Number sense includes several key skills, such as comparing amounts, putting numbers in order, and noticing simple patterns. 2 We also predict when numbers are close or very different. 3 For example, 198+203 is close to 200+200, so the result should be near 400, but not 500. It helps you decide if an answer makes sense. This habit saves time and avoids small mistakes. It also helps in real life, like cooking or travelling. How can we build it? Start with daily life: read a timetable, split a bill (分摊账单), compare prices, plan a small budget. 4 These games make it easy to build your mathematical thinking and number sense. In short, it takes time to grow your number sense. You can set small goals and keep going. 5 A. Together, these skills give you a feel for numbers. B. You can buy special tools and take interesting lessons. C. With small daily practice, your number sense will grow. D. It means understanding numbers, not just remembering rules. E. With number sense, we choose smart methods and check answers. F. Try simple games at home, like a number hunt and a guessing jar (罐). Passage 4 （2025-2026·广东深圳实验中学期中）That cloud looks like a rabbit. Is the larger one like a whale? Whatever shapes they take, they’re clouds. So what 1 are clouds? The following can help you know more about them. Clouds are floating (漂浮) water drops. They are made of small water drops. Each drop is made of many water molecules (分子). They stay together around a piece of dust. How 2 are cloud drops? A shoebox of clouds might 3 millions of cloud drops. Clouds are 4 . They look light and soft, but they hold a lot of water. The water in an average (普通的) cotton-ball cloud may have a 5 as much as that of a group of elephants. Do you dream of walking on a cloud? It would probably be very 6 and wet. You would even have no comfortable 7 to sit down. But weather balloons found insects inside clouds as high as 20 miles above the earth. The wind blows most of the insects into clouds. Butterflies were once found at 10,000 feet (英尺). Clouds don’t last. They are always 8 . When the wind blows them, they will change their 9 . Will the shapes stay long? Some big clouds can last around all day. But some small soft clouds often last 10 minutes. So take a look at the cloud before it 10 . What does that cloud look like? 1. A. finally B. exactly C. sharply D. similarly 2. A. small B. big C. natural D. important 3. A. collect B. design C. leave D. hold 4. A. dark B. thin C. heavy D. clear 5. A. weight B. breath C. surprise D. chance 6. A. dry B. cold C. low D. white 7. A. chair B. grass C. drops D. place 8. A. developing B. exploring C. changing D. improving 9. A. shapes B. steps C. skills D. sizes 10. A. appears B. goes C. creates D. disappears 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Look it up! 百科知识 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 257 极光（北极光）的形成原理、颜色成因以及研究极光的科学意义。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 251 介绍了长江三峡大坝这一世界级宏伟工程，讲述了它的建设背景、建造历程、核心功能。 真题示例 Passage 1 阅读理解 新闻报道 298 介绍了科学家发现一种能分解聚氨酯塑料的细菌，为塑料垃圾处理提供了新思路，但目前仍需进一步研究。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 295 介绍了巴西科学家发现辣木树种子可吸附水中微塑料来净水，该方法环保且净水效果好，目前还需测试处理大量水体的能力。 模拟演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 236 介绍了美籍华裔科学家曹颖及其团队对猴子识别人类面部的研究，包括研究过程、发现以及该研究的潜在应用价值。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 270 通过蜂巢的六边形结构、向日葵种子的斐波那契数列等例子，揭示了隐藏在自然界中的数学规律。 Passage 3 阅读还原 说明文 247 讲述了数感（number sense）在日常生活中的重要性、包含的关键技能以及如何培养数感。 Passage 4 完形填空 说明文 244 介绍了云的构成、重量、形态变化等科学知识。 · Knowledge is power. – Francis Bacon 知识就是力量。——弗朗西斯·培根 · A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. – Alexander Pope 一知半解是危险的事。——亚历山大·蒲柏 · The more you know, the more you realize you don’t know. – Aristotle 知道得越多，越发觉自己无知。——亚里士多德 · Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. – Thomas Fuller 知识使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。——托马斯·富勒 · Learning never exhausts the mind. – Leonardo da Vinci 学习永远不会让心智枯竭。——列奥纳多·达·芬奇 · Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. – Nelson Mandela 教育是你能用来改变世界的最有力武器。——纳尔逊·曼德拉 · The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing. – Socrates 真正的智慧在于知道自己一无所知。——苏格拉底 · Knowledge without practice makes but half an artist. – Thomas Fuller 有知识而无实践，只算半个行家。——托马斯·富勒 · To know everything is to know nothing. – French Proverb 无所不知即一无所知。——法国谚语 · Wisdom begins in wonder. – Socrates 智慧始于惊奇。——苏格拉底 · Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. – Thomas Fuller 知识是宝库，实践是打开它的钥匙。——托马斯·富勒 Passage A（极光） The northern lights, also called the aurora borealis, are one of the planet’s most amazing natural wonders. For ages, facing the freezing cold, explorers have traveled across the world, all to have a look at their beauty. But how does this magical light show actually happen? The picture on the right shows how it forms. The sun keeps sending out particles into space. When the particles travel towards the Earth, they meet Earth’s magnetic field. Acting like a protective cover, Earth’s magnetic field stops most particles from reaching the Earth. However, it is weaker at the North and South Poles. So some particles get in near the Poles and collide (撞击) with gases in the air. The collisions make the gases give off energy in the form of light. This light is the aurora. The colors of auroras depend on the type of gas and the height of the collisions. Green, the most common color, comes from oxygen (氧气) at medium heights (about 100~200 km). Red comes from oxygen higher up, but it is less common. Nitrogen (氮气) produces blue and purple, usually at lower heights. In the past, auroras were seen as mysteries. Today, with modern technology, scientists can even predict when they will appear. Studying auroras helps scientists learn about Earth’s magnetic field and solar activity. It also helps protect satellites in space. The aurora is more than just a beautiful sight—it is a connection between Earth and the Sun, showing the amazing beauty of nature. 1. The aurora borealis is a kind of ________. A. extreme weather B. natural light C. scientific exploration D. magic trick 2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The sun. B. The gas in the air. C. The particle. D. Earth’s magnetic field. 3. Which of the following shows how the aurora forms? ① Some particles get in near the poles.  ② Particles hit gases and the gases give off energy. ③ Earth’s magnetic field stops most particles.  ④ The sun keeps sending out particles into space. A. ④→②→①→③ B. ④→②→③→① C. ④→③→①→② D. ④→①→②→③ 4. When particles collide with oxygen at a height of about 300 km, ________ auroras will probably appear. A. red B. green C. blue D. purple 5. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To describe the influence of the sun on the earth. B. To explain how ancient people discovered auroras. C. To show the scientific importance of studying auroras. D. To tell readers how to predict the appearance of auroras. 【答案与解析】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 本文解释了极光（北极光）的形成原理、颜色成因以及研究极光的科学意义。 1. 第一段提到“The northern lights, also called the aurora borealis, are one of the planet’s most amazing natural wonders.”，因此极光是一种自然光。 2. 第二段提到“Earth’s magnetic field stops most particles from reaching the Earth. However, it is weaker at the North and South Poles.”，地球的磁场阻止了大多数粒子到达地球，但在北极和南极地区磁场较弱，因此“it”指代地球的磁场。 3. 第二段提到“The sun keeps sending out particles into space...This light is the aurora.”，形成顺序为：④太阳不断向太空发射粒子→③地球磁场阻挡大部分粒子→①部分粒子在极地附近进入→②粒子撞击气体释放能量。 4. 第三段提到“Green, the most common color, comes from oxygen (氧气) at medium heights (about 100~200 km). Red comes from oxygen higher up”，300公里属于较高处，因此呈现红色。 5. 最后一段提到“Studying auroras helps scientists learn about Earth’s magnetic field and solar activity. It also helps protect satellites in space.”，因此本段主要说明研究极光的科学重要性。 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第二句）For ages, facing the freezing cold, explorers have traveled around the world, all to have a look at their beauty. 译文：多少个世纪以来，探险家们冒着严寒环游世界，只为了一睹它们（极光）的美丽。 分析：本句是一个简单句，但包含非谓语动词结构。facing the freezing cold 是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态或原因；all to have a look at their beauty 是动词不定式短语作目的状语，解释了探险家环游世界的目的。 原句：（第二段第四句）Acting like a protective cover, Earth's magnetic field stops most particles from reaching the Earth. 译文：地球磁场就像一层保护罩，阻挡了大多数粒子到达地球。 分析：本句包含一个重要的固定搭配和非谓语动词结构。句首的 Acting like a protective cover 是现在分词短语作状语，修饰主语 Earth's magnetic field；句中使用了 stop...from doing sth. （阻止……做某事/发生某事）的结构，其中 reaching 是动名词形式。 译文 北极光，也被称为极光（aurora borealis），是地球上最令人惊叹的自然奇观之一。多少个世纪以来，探险家们冒着严寒，穿越世界各地，只为了一睹它的风采。但这神奇的灯光秀究竟是如何发生的呢？ 右图展示了它的形成过程。太阳不断向太空发射粒子。当这些粒子飞向地球时，会遇到地球的磁场。地球磁场就像一层保护罩，阻挡了大多数粒子到达地球。然而，它在南北极较弱。因此，一些粒子从极地附近进入，与空气中的气体发生碰撞（撞击）。这种碰撞使气体以光的形式释放能量。这种光就是极光。 极光的颜色取决于气体的类型和碰撞的高度。绿色是最常见的颜色，来自中等高度（约 100~200 公里）的氧气。红色来自更高处的氧气，但比较少见。氮气产生蓝色和紫色，通常在较低的高度。 在过去，极光被视为谜团。如今，借助现代技术，科学家甚至可以预测它们何时出现。研究极光有助于科学家了解地球磁场和太阳活动。这也有助于保护太空中的卫星。极光不仅仅是一道美丽的风景——它是地球与太阳之间的连接，展现了大自然令人惊叹的美。 重难点词汇 wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ n. 惊奇，奇迹 explorer / ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r) / n. 探险家 form / fɔːm / v. 形成 magnetic field / mæɡˈnetɪk fiːld / 磁场 mystery / ˈmɪstri / n. 神秘，谜 predict / prɪˈdɪkt / v. 预测，预言 Passage B（长江三峡大坝） The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It shows the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. The Yangtze River often caused serious floods in the past. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam. People began to build it in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They worked hard to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—as tall as a 60-story building! Today, the dam is vital to China. It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmland. The dam’s power stations produce large amounts of clean electricity. Its connected vessel system (连通器系统) helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock (水闸) , and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section. When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock. The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to see this modern wonder. Students learn about its scientific achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with hard work, humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature. 1. Which of the following about the Three Gorges Dam is TRUE? A. It took over 12 years to complete. B. It is the longest dam in the world. C. It completely controlled the floods in the Yangtze River. D. It is about 60 meters high. 2. What do the underlined words “is vital to” mean in the text? A. is common in B. belongs to C. plays an important role in D. does nothing for 3. What physics knowledge allows ships to pass through the dam’s gates smoothly? A. B. C. D. 4. What can we infer (推断) from the text? A. The writer feels proud while writing the text according to the last paragraph. B. The Three Gorges Dam is especially popular with foreign visitors. C. The Three Gorges Dam uses a lot of electricity every day. D. More locks will be built in the future. 5. What is the best title for the text? A. Discover the Secret: How the Three Gorges Dam works B. The Three Gorges Dam: A Modern Wonder C. The Yangtze River: Our Mother River D. Walk into Nature: The Great Rivers 【答案与解析】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 本文主要介绍了长江三峡大坝这一世界级宏伟工程，讲述了它的建设背景、建造历程、核心功能，同时点明它是中国人民勇气与创造力的象征。 1. 第三段明确提到：“People began to build it in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete”，直接说明三峡大坝耗时12年以上建成。 2. 第四段开头提到大坝“is vital to China”，后文列举了减少洪水风险、提供清洁电力、帮助船只通行等多方面作用，说明该短语意为“对……起重要作用”，与C项“plays an important role in”意思一致。 3. 第四段详细描述了船只通过水闸的过程：“Ships enter a lock... Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section... gates open”，这利用了连通器（connected vessel system）原理，即多个容器内液体在连通时液面最终持平，连通器原理与选项B相同。 4. 最后一段提到“The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to see this modern wonder...”，语气充满自豪与赞赏，可推断作者写作时感到自豪，因此A项正确。 5. 全文围绕三峡大坝展开，既介绍其工程特点，也强调其作为“现代奇迹”的象征意义，B项“The Three Gorges Dam: A Modern Wonder”全面概括了主旨。A项只侧重工作原理，C项和D项偏离主题。 长难句解析 原句：（第三段第四句） They worked hard to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—tall as a 60-story building! 译文：他们努力工作来建造这座大坝，它长约2.3公里，高185米——相当于一座60层楼高的建筑！ 分析：本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the dam，对大坝的尺寸进行了补充说明；句中 to build the dam 是动词不定式作目的状语。 原句：（第四段第二句）It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmland. 译文：它极大地降低了洪水风险，保护了城市和农田。 分析：本句包含现在分词作结果状语的用法。protecting cities and farmland 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示主句动作（降低洪水风险）所带来的自然结果或伴随状态；句中 has reduced 是现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 译文 长江上的三峡大坝是世界上最大、最令人惊叹的工程之一。它展示了中国人民的智慧和辛勤劳动。 过去，长江经常引发严重的洪水。为了解决这个问题并创造清洁能源，中国政府决定建造一座巨大的水坝。 人们于1994年开始建造它，耗时12年多才完工。成千上万的工人利用现代化的机器和技术使这个梦想成真。他们努力建造这座大坝，它长约2.3公里，高185米——相当于一座60层楼高的建筑！ 如今，这座大坝对中国至关重要。它极大地降低了洪水风险，保护了城市和农田。大坝的发电站生产大量的清洁电力。它的连通器系统（船闸系统）帮助船只通行。船只进入水闸，然后闸门关闭。闸室内的水位上升或下降以与下一段持平。当水位变得相同时，闸门打开，船只移动到下一个闸室。 三峡大坝不仅仅是一座大坝——它是中国勇气和创造力的象征。来自世界各地的游客前来参观这一现代奇迹。学生们学习它的科学成就和背后的团队精神。大坝教导我们，通过辛勤工作，人类可以克服大自然最困难的挑战。 重难点词汇 wisdom / ˈwɪzdəm / n. 智慧，才智 serious / ˈsɪəriəs / adj. 严重的 dam / dæm / n. 水坝 overcome / ˌəʊvəˈkʌm / v. 克服，战胜 1. Knowledge is the key that unlocks the door to understanding the world. (知识是开启理解世界之门的钥匙。) 2. A broad base of knowledge allows us to see connections where others see only isolated facts. (广博的知识基础让我们能看到他人眼中孤立事实间的联系。) 3. Encyclopedic knowledge is not about memorizing everything, but about knowing how to find and synthesize information. (百科知识不在于记住一切，而在于懂得如何查找并整合信息。) 4. The pursuit of encyclopedic knowledge is a lifelong journey of curiosity and discovery. (追求百科知识是一场贯穿一生的好奇与探索之旅。) 5. In the age of information overload, encyclopedic knowledge helps us separate signal from noise. (在信息过载的时代，百科知识帮助我们分辨有效信息与噪声。) 6. True encyclopedic wisdom lies in understanding the “why” behind the “what”. (真正的百科智慧在于理解“是什么”背后的“为什么”。) 7. Knowledge without context is like a puzzle piece without the picture – confusing and incomplete. (缺乏背景的知识就像没有图案的拼图碎片——令人困惑且不完整。) 8. The beauty of encyclopedic knowledge is its ability to bridge gaps between seemingly unrelated disciplines. (百科知识的美妙之处在于它能弥合看似无关学科间的鸿沟。) 9. To write with authority on any topic, one must first build a foundation of encyclopedic knowledge. (要在任何话题上权威地写作，必须先建立百科知识的基础。) 10. Encyclopedic knowledge is not a destination, but a compass that guides us through the vast ocean of information. (百科知识不是终点，而是指引我们穿越信息汪洋的指南针。) 11. The more we know, the more we realize the depth of what we don’t know – and that’s where true learning begins. (我们知道得越多，就越意识到未知的深度——而这正是真正学习的起点。) 12. In writing, encyclopedic knowledge gives our words weight and credibility. (在写作中，百科知识赋予我们的文字分量与可信度。) 13. A well-rounded encyclopedic education teaches us to think critically and question assumptions. (全面的百科教育教会我们批判性思考并质疑假设。) 14. The joy of encyclopedic knowledge is discovering how everything is interconnected – from the smallest microbe to the largest galaxy. (百科知识的乐趣在于发现万物如何相互关联——从最小的微生物到最大的星系。) 15. To master the art of writing about “encyclopedic knowledge”, one must first become a student of the world. (要掌握“百科知识”的写作艺术，首先必须成为世界的学生。 Passage 1 （2026·山东省烟台市中考） Recently, researchers have discovered a new bacterium (细菌) that feeds on plastics. Scientists say the discovery could help reduce a flood of plastics that are ending up in the landfills (垃圾填埋场) and polluting oceans. Plastic is one of the most difficult materials to break down or recycle. To solve the problem, a team from the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Germany found the new soil bacterium. It was found in an area with a lot of plastic wastes. The team discovered the bacterium could feed on polyurethane (聚氨酯), which is widely used in making different plastic products. It was reported that polyurethane made up 3.5 million tons of Europe’s plastics last year. One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. So most polyurethane-based wastes are sent to landfills, where they can give off dangerous chemicals. The team found that the bacterium could produce enzymes (酶) that could eat polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down plastic wastes. The results were recently reported in a science magazine. Hermann Heipieper helped write the report. He said that the finding “marks an important step in being able to reuse hard-to-recycle products”. The research is part of a European Union program that tries to find useful bacteria. The goal is to discover living things that can help turn plastics into materials that can be broken down biologically. Some scientists advise against introducing the man-made bacteria into the environment at present, which could be harmful. It is suggested that much more study should be carried out to learn more about it. “Such research is needed before we can take action such as putting the plastic-eating bacteria into the oceans,” a scientist said. 1. Where was the new plastic-eating bacterium found? A. In an area full of plastic wastes. B. At the bottom of the ocean. C. In a European Union research lab. D. Inside some plastic products. 2. Why do most polyurethane-based wastes end up in landfills? A. Because they have many living things. B. Because there is no way to burn them up. C. Because recycling them needs a lot of energy. D. Because they have too many harmful chemicals. 3. How does the bacterium work on plastics? A. By breaking down polyurethane. B. By putting plastics into the oceans. C. By breaking down their enzymes. D. By changing plastics into polyurethane. 4. What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A. People are spreading the bacteria into the oceans. B. It’s necessary to do further research on the bacterium. C. Further research will mainly focus on ocean pollution. D. The bacterium can’t solve the environmental problems. 【答案与解析】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家发现一种能分解聚氨酯塑料的细菌，为塑料垃圾处理提供了新思路，但目前仍需进一步研究。 1. 第二段提到“It was found in an area with a lot of plastic wastes.”，因此该细菌是在塑料垃圾堆积的地方发现的。 2. 第三段提到“One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. So most polyurethane-based wastes are sent to landfills”，因此大多数聚氨酯废料被送往垃圾填埋场是因为回收需要大量能源。 3. 第四段提到“the bacterium could produce enzymes that could eat polyurethane”，因此细菌通过分解聚氨酯来处理塑料。 4. 最后一段提到“much more study should be carried out to learn more about it”以及最后一句科学家所说的话可知，目前科学家建议不要随意投放，需要进行更多的研究。由此推断有必要对这种细菌做进一步研究。 Passage 2 （2026·江西省中考英语真题） Scientists in Brazil have found a new method to clean water. They can use seeds (种子) from a tree to clean dirty water. The water often has tiny plastic pieces in it. These are called microplastics. Microplastics are tiny bits of plastic, less than 0.5 cm long. They can be too small to see. They can get inside the bodies of living things, including humans. There is a kind of tree called a Moringa tree, which grows well in hot areas and lots of people eat its leaves and seeds. For years, scientists have studied if the seeds can work on microplastics to clean dirty water. Now, they have good news. In their latest study, the team found that a substance (物质) from the seeds was very useful. When they put this substance in the water, the microplastics would stick together. So it was easier to take them out with a filter (滤水器). The scientists first tested the method on tap water (自来水). They added microplastics to the water. Then, they compared their new method with a popular one. The popular method is more harmful to the environment. Surprisingly, both methods cleaned the water well. In some types of water, the Moringa seeds worked even better! Now, the team is testing the seeds on water that is collected from rivers in Brazil. The results show that this new method works well for river water, too. The scientists say it is a better choice for the environment, because it does not harm nature as the popular method does. However, more tests are still needed. Scientists want to see if this new method can clean large amounts (数量) of water. 1. What have the scientists in Brazil found? A. Microplastics are small. B. Seeds can clean water. C. Plastics are widely used. D. Leaves can feed people. 2. How does the substance from the seeds work on microplastics? A. By letting them go down. B. By breaking them into pieces. C. By turning them into gas. D. By making them stick together. 3. How is the new method different from the popular one? A. It is easier for labs to use. B. It is more popular with people. C. It is better for the environment. D. It is cheaper for scientists to test. 4. On what water are the scientists testing the seeds now? A. River water. B. Tap water. C. Sea water. D. Bottled water. 5. What is needed for the next step of the study? A. Planting more trees in Brazil. B. Collecting more Moringa leaves. C. Setting up more research teams. D. Testing on large amounts of water. 【答案与解析】1.B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 本文介绍了巴西科学家发现辣木树种子可吸附水中微塑料来净水，该方法环保且净水效果好，目前还需测试处理大量水体的能力。 1. 文章第一段第二句“They can use seeds... to clean dirty water.”提到巴西科学家发现了一种利用种子清洁脏水的新方法。 2. 文章第二段倒数第二句“When they put this substance in the water, the microplastics would stick together.”提到种子中的物质使微塑料粘在一起，从而便于过滤。 3. 文章第三段第四句“The popular method is more harmful to the environment.”以及第四段最后一句“...it is a better choice for the environment...”提到与流行方法相比，新方法对环境更友好。 4. 文章第四段第一句“Now, the team is testing the seeds on water that is collected from rivers in Brazil.”提到科学家目前正在测试的是从河流中收集的水 (河水)。 5. 文章最后一段最后一句“Scientists want to see if this new method can clean large amounts... of water.”下一步研究需要测试该方法是否能清洁大量的水。 Passage 1 （2025-2026·深圳盐田区期中） How do animals recognize (识别) human faces? Chinese-American scientist Doris Tsao studied this and won a high US science prize for her findings. Tsao’s team at the California Institute of Technology has been experimenting with monkeys. They found that there are 200 nerve cells (神经细胞) in the monkeys’ brains that help them recognize faces. Each cell can recognize a different facial trait, such as the shape of the face, the distance between the eyes or the color of the skin. With all the information, monkeys can build a picture of a face in their minds. Through this study, the scientists discovered how monkeys “see” human faces in their minds. After they showed the monkeys pictures of different human faces, they recorded their brain activity. Then, the scientists studied this brain activity with the help of computer software and recreated the faces that the monkeys “saw” in their minds. When they compared the computer-made faces to the real photos the monkeys saw, they looked very similar, the BBC reported. Although the study was done on monkeys, the scientists believe that human brains might recognize faces in a similar way. This technology could also be useful in the future. For example, the police might be able to recreate the face of a lawbreaker (犯法者) by recording the brain activity of the person who saw the event. 1. How does the writer introduce the topic? A. By asking a question. B. By telling a story. C. By giving an example. D. By using a saying. 2. What does the underlined word “trait” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Pattern. B. Activity. C. Characteristic. D. Expression. 3. How did the scientists recreate the faces that the monkeys saw? A. By taking pictures of the monkeys’ brains. B. By studying the shape of different human faces. C. By asking the monkeys to choose the photos they saw. D. By recording and studying the monkeys’ brain activity. 4. Why does the author mention “police” in the last paragraph? A. To suggest easier catching of lawbreakers. B. To show possible future use of the research. C. To compare monkeys’ brains with human ones. D. To stress the value of lawbreaker’s brain activity. 5. What is the main idea of the text? A. Face recognition of monkeys and humans are similar. B. Brain activities of monkeys and humans are different. C. A study shows how monkeys recognize human faces. D. A scientist wins award for face recognition research. 【答案与解析】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 本文主要介绍了美籍华裔科学家曹颖及其团队对猴子识别人类面部的研究，包括研究过程、发现以及该研究的潜在应用价值。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章开头“How do animals recognize human faces?”可知，作者通过提出一个问题引出主题。故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。根据“Each cell can recognize a different facial trait, such as the shape of the face, the distance between the eyes or the color of the skin.”可知，后文列举的脸型、眼距、肤色均是面部特征，由此可推测“trait”意为“特征”。选项C“Characteristic”（特征）符合语境。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“After they showed the monkeys pictures of different human faces, they recorded their brain activity. Then, the scientists studied this brain activity with the help of computer software and recreated the faces that the monkeys ‘saw’ in their minds.”可知，科学家通过记录并研究猴子的大脑活动，重现了猴子脑海中看到的面孔。故选D。 4. 词句猜测题。根据“This technology could also be useful in the future. For example, the police might be able to recreate the face of a lawbreaker...”可知，作者提及警察是为了举例说明这项研究未来可能的应用场景。故选B。 5. 主旨大意题。文章围绕曹颖团队对猴子识别人类面部的研究展开，详细介绍了研究方法、结果及应用前景，核心是这项研究揭示了猴子识别人类面部的方式。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025-2026·广东深圳翠园实验期中）Have you ever looked at a honeycomb (蜂巢) and wondered why it’s made of perfect six-sided shapes? Or why the seeds in a sunflower form such beautiful patterns? The answer lies not only in nature, but also in math. Math is more than just numbers— it’s like a hidden rule waiting to be found all around us in nature. Let’s take bees as an example. These small insects are very good at using math. When they build their honeycombs, they need to use as little material as possible to store the most honey. After a long time of evolution, they found the best shape: the hexagon (六边形). If we compare this shape to others like squares or triangles, we find that the hexagon uses the least wax to hold the most honey. This shows us how math helps solve real-life problems in nature. Another interesting example is the Fibonacci sequence (斐波那契数列). It’s a special number pattern where each number is the sum of the two numbers before it: 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13, and so on. We can see this pattern in many places in nature such as sunflowers and pineapples. It allows the seeds to be put closely together while still giving them enough space to grow. From the shape of a snail’s shell to the way planets move in space, math helps explain many things in the natural world. So the next time you study math in school, remember that you’re not just learning for tests. You’re actually discovering the hidden rules that help us organize our world! 1. How does the author begin the article? A. By explaining a math rule. B. By telling a story about bees. C. By asking questions about nature. D. By showing the beauty of sunflowers. 2. What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in paragraph 2? A. charge B. invention C. development D. creation 3. What can we learn about the Fibonacci sequence in paragraph 3? A. It is used in honeycombs. B. It often shows up in nature. C. It helps plants grow quickly. D. It is only found in sunflowers. 4. Why should we learn math according to the last paragraph? A. To get good grades in school. B. To solve problems like bees do. C. To find number patterns in nature. D. To understand the world’s hidden rules. 5. What is the best title for the text? A. How to Use the Fibonacci Sequence. B. Learning Math Well for Good Grades. C. The Hidden Math in Our Natural World. D. The Interesting Life of Bees and Flowers. 【答案与解析】1.C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 本文通过蜂巢的六边形结构、向日葵种子的斐波那契数列等例子，揭示了隐藏在自然界中的数学规律，说明数学不仅是数字，还能解释自然现象，帮助我们理解世界的潜在规则。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Have you ever looked at a honeycomb...?” 和 “Or why the seeds...?”可知，属于通过提问的方式开篇。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据“After a long time of evolution, they found the best shape: the hexagon.”可知，蜜蜂在漫长的进化过程中找到了最优的蜂巢形状，“evolution”意为“演变、进化”，与development意思最近。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“We can see this pattern in many places in nature such as sunflowers and pineapples.”可知，斐波那契数列在自然界中很常见。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“You’re actually discovering the hidden rules that help us organize our world!”可知，学习数学是为了理解世界的隐藏规则。故选D。 5. 主旨大意题。根据“Math is more than just numbers— it’s like a hidden rule waiting to be found all around us in nature.”可知，全文围绕 “自然界中的隐藏数学” 展开，用蜂巢、斐波那契数列等例子说明数学在自然中的体现。故选C。 Passage 3 （2025-2026·广东深圳罗湖区期中）Number sense helps us use numbers in everyday life: comparing prices, planning time, and making choices. 1 It is more than speed; it means predicting (预测) size, order, and how numbers fit. When we build number sense, Math becomes easier and less scary. Number sense includes several key skills, such as comparing amounts, putting numbers in order, and noticing simple patterns. 2 We also predict when numbers are close or very different. 3 For example, 198+203 is close to 200+200, so the result should be near 400, but not 500. It helps you decide if an answer makes sense. This habit saves time and avoids small mistakes. It also helps in real life, like cooking or travelling. How can we build it? Start with daily life: read a timetable, split a bill (分摊账单), compare prices, plan a small budget. 4 These games make it easy to build your mathematical thinking and number sense. In short, it takes time to grow your number sense. You can set small goals and keep going. 5 A. Together, these skills give you a feel for numbers. B. You can buy special tools and take interesting lessons. C. With small daily practice, your number sense will grow. D. It means understanding numbers, not just remembering rules. E. With number sense, we choose smart methods and check answers. F. Try simple games at home, like a number hunt and a guessing jar (罐). 【答案与解析】1. D 2. A 3. E 4. F 5. C 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数感（number sense）在日常生活中的重要性、包含的关键技能以及如何培养数感。 1. 根据“Number sense helps us use numbers in everyday life: comparing prices, planning time, and making choices…It is more than speed; it means predicting (预测) size, order, and how numbers fit.”可知，此处需要补充对“数感”的定义，选项D“它意味着理解数字，而不仅仅是记住规则。”符合语境。故选D。 2. 根据“Number sense includes several key skills, such as comparing amounts, putting numbers in order, and noticing simple patterns…We also predict when numbers are close or very different.”可知，此处需要总结这些技能的作用，选项A“这些技能共同让你对数字有感觉。”符合语境。故选A。 3. 根据“For example, 198+203 is close to 200+200, so the result should be near 400, but not 500. It helps you decide if an answer makes sense.”可知，此处需要补充数感的具体应用，选项E“借助数感，我们选择聪明的方法并检查答案。”符合语境。故选E。 4. 根据“How can we build it? Start with daily life: read a timetable, split a bill (分摊账单), compare prices, plan a small budget…These games make it easy to build your mathematical thinking and number sense.”可知，此处需要补充具体的游戏建议，选项F“在家里尝试简单的游戏，比如数字寻宝和猜罐子。”符合语境。故选F。 5. 根据“In short, it takes time to grow your number sense. You can set small goals and keep going.”可知，此处需要总结或鼓励性语句，选项C“通过每天的小练习，你的数感会增长。”符合语境。故选C。 Passage 4 （2025-2026·广东深圳实验中学期中）That cloud looks like a rabbit. Is the larger one like a whale? Whatever shapes they take, they’re clouds. So what 1 are clouds? The following can help you know more about them. Clouds are floating (漂浮) water drops. They are made of small water drops. Each drop is made of many water molecules (分子). They stay together around a piece of dust. How 2 are cloud drops? A shoebox of clouds might 3 millions of cloud drops. Clouds are 4 . They look light and soft, but they hold a lot of water. The water in an average (普通的) cotton-ball cloud may have a 5 as much as that of a group of elephants. Do you dream of walking on a cloud? It would probably be very 6 and wet. You would even have no comfortable 7 to sit down. But weather balloons found insects inside clouds as high as 20 miles above the earth. The wind blows most of the insects into clouds. Butterflies were once found at 10,000 feet (英尺). Clouds don’t last. They are always 8 . When the wind blows them, they will change their 9 . Will the shapes stay long? Some big clouds can last around all day. But some small soft clouds often last 10 minutes. So take a look at the cloud before it 10 . What does that cloud look like? 1. A. finally B. exactly C. sharply D. similarly 2. A. small B. big C. natural D. important 3. A. collect B. design C. leave D. hold 4. A. dark B. thin C. heavy D. clear 5. A. weight B. breath C. surprise D. chance 6. A. dry B. cold C. low D. white 7. A. chair B. grass C. drops D. place 8. A. developing B. exploring C. changing D. improving 9. A. shapes B. steps C. skills D. sizes 10. A. appears B. goes C. creates D. disappears 【答案与解析】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 本文主要介绍了云的构成、重量、形态变化等科学知识。 1. 句意：那么云究竟是什么？ exactly确切地；finally最终；sharply尖锐地；similarly相似地。根据“So what…are clouds?”可知此处询问云的准确定义，故选B。 2. 句意：云滴有多小？ small小的；big大的；natural自然的；important重要的。根据“millions of cloud drops”和后句可知此处是强调云滴的微小，故选A。 3. 句意：一个鞋盒大小的云可能包含数百万云滴。 collect收集；design设计；leave离开；hold容纳。根据“A shoebox of clouds”和“millions of drops”可知指云的容纳能力，故选D。 4. 句意：云很重。 dark黑暗的；thin薄的；heavy重的；clear清澈的。根据“hold a lot of water”及后文“大象的重量”对比可知强调云的重量，故选C。 5. 句意：普通棉球状云的水分重量可能与一群大象相当。 weight重量；breath呼吸；surprise惊讶；chance机会。根据“as much as that of a group of elephants.”可知此处是比较重量，故选A。 6. 句意：那可能会非常寒冷潮湿。 dry干燥的；cold寒冷的；low低的；white白色的。根据“wet”及高空低温的常识可知在云上行走后会很寒冷潮湿，故选B。 7. 句意：你甚至没有舒适的地方可以坐下。 chair椅子；grass草地；drops水滴；place地方。根据“sit down”可知是指没有舒适的地方可以坐下，故选D。 8. 句意：它们一直在变化。 developing发展；exploring探索；changing变化；improving改进。根据“When the wind blows them, they will change their...”可知，云一直在变化，故选C。 9. 句意：当风吹过时，云会改变形状。 shapes形状；steps步骤；skills技能；sizes尺寸。根据首段“shapes they take”及后文“Will the shapes stay long?”可知，风吹过时，云会改变形状，故选A。 10. 句意：所以在云消失前看看它吧。 appears出现；goes去；creates创造；disappears消失。根据“before it…”及前文“Clouds don’t last.”可知云不会持续太久，所以在云消失前看看它吧。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Look it up! 百科知识 单元阅读精练 Passage A（极光） 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C Passage B（长江三峡大坝） 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B Passage 1 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B Passage 2 1.B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D Passage 1 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C Passage 2 1.C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C Passage 3 1. D 2. A 3. E 4. F 5. C Passage 4 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $