Unit 5 Section Ⅱ（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过“层级一基础语法巩固+层级二综合能力提升”的分层设计，构建从单一语法点到语篇应用的知识巩固路径，适配新授课语言能力与思维品质培养需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |层级一|过去完成时等核心语法点|单句语法填空（10题）→语法与写作（5题汉译英）→语篇练语法（1篇完形填空），实现从孤立到语境化应用| |层级二|综合语言运用能力|阅读理解（2篇科普文）→七选五（语篇补全）→语法填空（1篇新物种说明文），融合文化意识与思维品质训练|

[对应知能达标训练P52] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We all think Jack as well as his wife is to blame(blame) for their child's bad manners in public. 2．The number of giant pandas which are native to China has increased since the government's protection measures were carried out. 3．Exports are on the decline now that some European governments are cutting back on spending. 4．To spread Chinese culture，he had referred (refer)dozens of classic books before he made (make) the presentation on poems of the Tang Dynasty. 5．It was the first time that a serious problem had arisen(arise) in their project，so they had to consult Professor Yang. 6．I had intended (intend) to meet you at the airport，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. 7．By nine o'clock last night，he had reviewed(review) all the lessons learned yesterday. 8．Mr Smith is a professor of Shandong University.He has stayed (stay) in China for 4 years. 9．No sooner had I seen him than I knew (know) he was the man the police were looking for. 10．By the time he graduated from university，the man had established (establish) the project with his partners. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。 Only when he returned home did he know what had happened． 2．那是他第一次面对面地和一个母语是英语的人交流。 It was the first time that he had communicated with a native English speaker face to face. 3．他一进入教室，就意识到他忘记把作业带过来了。 Hardly had he entered the classroom when he realized that he had forgotten to bring his homework. 4．在他十几岁的时候，他已经享有了作为一名出色的青年音乐家的声誉。 By the time he was a teenage，he had enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 5．昨晚我本打算来看你，但是那时我有一个重要的会议要参加。 I had intended to come over to see you last night，but I had an important meeting to attend then. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 I 1.had never seen (see) such beautiful sights before I visited Paris in 2021.I 2.had saved (save) money for 5 years before I 3.booked (book) my trip to Paris.I was very excited！Before my trip to Paris，I 4.had never been (be) out of the United States. When I went to Paris，I 5.spent (spend) many days touring the city.The city is big.Sometimes I 6.got (get) lost and asked for directions.I asked for directions in French.That was easy because I 7.had studied (study) French for 2 years before I visited Paris. By the time I left Paris，I 8.had toured (tour) many beautiful places.The Eiffel Tower，Notre Dame Cathedral，and Luxembourg Gardens 9.were (be) just a few of the places I saw.Before I 10.visited (visit) Paris，I had only seen those places on television. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Crows are known to be very clever birds.Now a new study showed that they can count out loud and that they may even have the same number recognizing skills as human babies. Researchers found that crows can generate a specific number of caws (鸦叫声) in response to visual or auditory stimuli (视觉和听觉刺激)，enabling them to count out loud between one and four.The discovery is the first time that animals have been shown to count by making a number of vocalizations (发出的声音). “Producing a specific number of vocalizations on purpose requires a combination of the number recognizing ability and voice control，” the researchers wrote in the study.“Our results show that crows can flexibly produce a number of vocalizations on purpose.” Many studies have shown that animals，including honeybees，lions，frogs and ants，have a number sense.Yet none of these provide enough evidence that animals share humans' ability to count out loud. In the new study，the researchers presented three crows with visual and auditory stimuli.The visual stimuli are numbers and the auditory stimuli are the sounds of different instruments. After the training，the birds learned that each stimulus represents a set number of caws between one and four.After cawing four times for a sound or symbol linked with four caws，for example，the birds were trained to touch the screen with their mouth to signal they had finished.If the crows gave the right number of caws，they were rewarded with a treat.Once they were trained，the counting crows gave right responses—producing the correct number of caws.Even when the crows gave wrong responses，they were often mistakes made between numbers that were close together. “This competency in crows also mirrors babies' skills before they learn to understand number words，” the scientists wrote. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于乌鸦数数能力的新研究，解释了乌鸦如何根据视觉和听觉刺激发出特定数量的叫声，以及这一发现对理解动物数字识别能力的意义。 1．What makes crows' producing a particular number of vocalizations possible? A．Their facial recognition skill. B．Their quick reaction to sounds. C．The combination of their different learning skills. D．The ability to recognize numbers and control their voice. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Producing a specific number of vocalizations on purpose requires a combination of the number recognizing ability and voice control”可知，乌鸦能够有目的地发出特定数量的叫声需要数字识别能力和声音控制能力的结合。故选D。 答案　D 2．Why are lions and ants mentioned in the passage? A．To compare the animals' similarities. B．To prove crows are the cleverest birds. C．To show some animals have a number sense. D．To express their unique vocalizations. 解析　细节理解题。根据题干中的“lions and ants”可定位到文章第四段。根据该段中的“Many studies have shown that animals，including honeybees，lions，frogs and ants，have a number sense.”可知，提到狮子和蚂蚁是为了表明一些动物具有数字感。故选C。 答案　C 3．What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The result of the training. B．The cost of the training. C．The difficulty of the training. D．The importance of the training. 解析　主旨大意题。第六段提到经过训练后，乌鸦能够学会将每种刺激与一组特定数量的叫声联系起来，并在给出正确数量的叫声后得到奖励，并且一旦它们接受训练，就会做出正确的反应——发出正确的叫声，即使给出了错误的回答，它们也经常是一些在相近的数字之间犯的错误。由此可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员对乌鸦进行训练后得到的结果。故选A。 答案　A 4．What does the underlined word “competency” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Ability. B．Habit. C．Difference. D．Sound. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“This competency in crows also mirrors babies' skills before they learn to understand number words(乌鸦的这种……也反映了婴儿在学习理解数字之前的技能)”可推测，这里指乌鸦的数数能力。画线单词的意思和下文的“skills”意思相似。故选A。 答案　A B Researchers have observed Florida carpenter ants biting off the injured legs of their companions. The surgery is the first known example of non-human animals performing amputations(截肢) to improve a fellow animal's chances of recovering，the researchers say.“Not only can they do this，but they are even able to check the wounds and，depending on the location，adapt the treatment accordingly，” says Erik Frank，an ant researcher.The ants are territorial (有领土意识的) and might sustain injuries while defending their homes.So，the researchers wondered if the species had methods for dealing with infected wounds. They discovered that when a worker ant injured its leg's upper part，companions would perform amputations.These other ants would then spend about six minutes on average biting at the upper part until it came off.“I find it striking to what extent they take concerted (同心协力的) action in this amputation event，” Frank says.“You can see it presenting the injured leg，and the other ant，for many minutes at a time，is biting it violently and the injured ant doesn't seem to blame it.” The researchers wondered if the amputations could serve to prevent infections.To test this，they wounded some ants' legs.They isolated (隔离) some，ensuring they would receive no care，performed their own amputations on others and returned a third group to the colony.The experiments showed ants with upper-leg injuries that were isolated died about 60% of the time，while ants that received surgery，either from the researchers or from fellow ants，almost always lived.The experiments also confirmed the ants didn't perform amputations for those with lower-leg injuries.But the others would lick (舔舐) the wounds.They had an approximately 75% survival rate，compared to a 15% survival rate for isolated ants with lower-leg injuries. Florida carpenter ants have muscles responsible for blood circulation in their upper legs，so upper-leg injuries could reduce circulation.Lower circulation would，in turn，reduce the spread of infections，buying the ants time to perform amputations.The researchers found amputations for lower-leg wounds only improved survival chances if they were performed immediately.The ants don't perform blanket amputations on any injury—they only do so when it'd make sense. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，佛罗里达木蚁对受伤的同伴进行截肢，以提高同伴的生存率。 5．Why do the ants bite off the injured legs of their companions? A．To save their lives. B．To compete for territory. C．To check their injuries. D．To force them to work. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“performing amputations to improve a fellow animal's chances of recovering”可知，蚂蚁咬掉同伴受伤的腿是为了挽救对方的生命。故选A。 答案　A 6．What's Frank's opinion about the injured ants receiving an amputation? A．They're unwilling. B．They know nothing about it. C．They enjoy it so much. D．They're cooperative. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘I find it striking...amputation event，’ Frank says.‘You can see...doesn't seem to blame it.’(弗兰克说：‘我发现它们在这次截肢事件中采取一致行动的程度令人震惊。你可以看到它交出受伤的腿，而另一只蚂蚁，一次猛烈地咬它好几分钟，受伤的蚂蚁似乎并不责怪它。’)”可知，Frank认为蚂蚁们进行截肢手术时是同心协力的。故选D。 答案　D 7．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the amputation? A．Different roles ants play in it. B．Actions each ant makes for it. C．The various death rates it causes. D．The experiments about its function. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“They isolated some，ensuring they would receive no care...The experiments showed...The experiments also confirmed...compared to a 15% survival rate for isolated ants with lower-leg injuries.”可知，第四段讲述了关于蚂蚁截肢功能性的实验。故选D。 答案　D 8．What can be inferred about the ants' amputations to their companions? A．They often fail to achieve their goals. B．They amputate the lower part of the leg. C．They perform them with a strong target. D．They often injure themselves while doing so. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The ants don't perform blanket amputations on any injury—they only do so when it'd make sense.”可知，蚂蚁对受伤的同伴截肢有很强的针对性。故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.七选五 The latest thing in architecture is green buildings—covering walls and roofs with a carpet of plants to prevent heat，absorb rain and provide a home for wildlife.Many such buildings need complex systems for holding and irrigating the soil. 1 Ivy (常春藤) is a group of evergreen climbing plants，whose power to live is hard to beat.Firstly，it can live in almost any surroundings，whether in shade or full sun. 2 It grows well in both dry and damp soil.Moreover，it doesn't need supports as its aerial roots(气根) can be attached to most things.For these strengths，ivy can be widely grown to beautify an ugly wall or a fence. 3 It is a heaven for bees and butterflies in summer and its berries are a valuable food source for birds in winter. However，there are some concerns about growing ivy.Ivy has a reputation for damaging buildings，but according to the UK's Royal Horticultural Society，this doesn't usually happen unless the walls already have cracks. 4 But Blanusa at the University of Reading，UK，who has examined the effects of plant climbers，finds that ivy raises humidity(湿度) next to the wall by only a small amount. 5 Once ivy has been in the ground for a few years，it can grow out of control.Just don't let it get the better of you. A．Growing ivy can bring added benefits. B．Therefore，I strongly oppose growing ivy. C．The other fear is that it can make walls damp. D．Besides，it can be tolerant of various kinds of soil. E．Anyway，you do need to be careful when growing ivy. F．An ivy-covered wall will slightly warm a room in winter. G．However，there is a much easier approach：growing some ivy. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了常春藤的好处和一些可能存在的问题。常春藤可以用于覆盖墙壁和屋顶以阻隔热量、吸收雨水并为野生动物提供家园。 1．解析　根据上文“Many such buildings need complex systems for holding and irrigating the soil.(许多这样的建筑需要复杂的系统来保持和灌溉土壤。)”及后文主要介绍了常春藤的种植事项可知，本空起承上启下的作用，G项“然而，有一个更简单的方法：种一些常春藤。”符合语境。 答案　G 2．解析　设空处与上下文构成的语境为：首先，常春藤几乎可以生活在任何环境中，无论是在阴凉处还是在阳光充足的地方→ 2 →它在干燥和潮湿的土壤中都长得很好。由此可知，D项“此外，它能忍耐各种土壤。”符合语境。D项中的Besides承接上文，soil与后文中soil相呼应。 答案　D 3．解析　根据上文“For these strengths，ivy can be widely grown to beautify an ugly wall or a fence.(出于这些优势，常春藤可以被广泛种植来美化一堵丑陋的墙或篱笆。)”及后文“It is a heaven for bees and butterflies in summer and its berries are a valuable food source for birds in winter.(夏天它是蜜蜂和蝴蝶的快乐之地，冬天它的浆果是鸟类宝贵的食物来源。)”可知，上文总结了常春藤的优点，后文则介绍了它对动物的好处。故A项“种植常春藤可以带来额外的好处。”符合语境。 答案　A 4．解析　根据上文“However，there are some concerns about growing ivy.(然而，人们对常春藤的种植也有一些担忧。)”及后文“But Blanusa at the University...by only a small amount.(但是英国雷丁大学的Blanusa在调查了攀缘植物的影响后发现，常春藤只增加了墙边湿度的一小部分。)”可知，本段主要是关于种植常春藤可能会出现的问题，且后文介绍了常春藤会增加墙边湿度。故C项“另一个担忧是它会使墙壁潮湿。”符合语境。C项中的fear对应上文中的concerns，damp对应后文中的humidity。 答案　C 5．解析　根据后文“Once ivy has been in the ground for a few years，it can grow out of control.Just don't let it get the better of you.(一旦常春藤在地面生长了几年，它就会不受控制地生长。别让它影响了你。)”可知，常春藤会不受控制地生长，故本句要介绍种植常春藤要慎重小心。E项“不管怎样，你在种常春藤时确实需要小心。”符合语境。 答案　E Ⅲ.语法填空 Chinese scientists have detected a new plant species of Oreocharis (马铃苣苔属) in southwest China's Yunnan Province，according to Chengdu Institute of Biology (CIB)，Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).The findings，made by researchers from CIB and Guangxi Institute of Botany，CAS，1.________ (publish) recently in the journal Ecology and Evolution. During a field 2.________ (investigate) into an oak community，the researchers found an unidentified species of Oreocharis in Ninglang County，Yunnan Province.By comparing the plant with several 3.________ (know) Oreocharis species，the researchers have confirmed it is a new species 4.________ has many unique characteristics. The new species was named Oreocharis oriolus (黄鹂马铃苣苔) and was named 5.________ the lively bird oriole，as its bright yellow flowers resemble the 6.________ (bird) feather color.Researchers found that the new species has a narrow distribution，7.________ (grow) in limestone (石灰岩) cracks in an area of two square 8.________ (kilometer). This new species is currently listed as 9.________ (critical) Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.According to the researchers，10.________ discovery of the plant species has further enriched diversity of Oreocharis in China，and has positive significance for the biogeography of the Hengduan Mountains in southwest China. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家在中国西南部的云南省发现了一个新的植物物种和其积极意义。 1．解析　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，设空处为本句的谓语，句子主语是 findings，它和 publish构成了被动关系。再根据空后的时间状语recently可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态或一般过去时的被动语态。故填have been published/were published。 答案　have been published/were published 2．解析　考查名词。根据空前的a field和空后介词into可知，此处应用提示词的名词形式构成固定短语a field investigation，在句中意为“野外调查”。故填investigation。 答案　investigation 3．解析　考查形容词。根据空后名词species可知，此处应用形容词known作定语修饰名词species，表示“已知的”物种。故填known。 答案　known 4．解析　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词，空前为名词species，空后句子缺少主语，故推测设空处引导定语从句。先行词species指代物，关系词在从句中充当主语，所以此处应用that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 答案　that/which 5．解析　考查介词。name sb/sth after sb/sth意为“以某人/某物的名字给某人/某物命名”。故填after。 答案　after 6．解析　考查名词所有格。此处表示“因为它明亮的黄色花朵与这种鸟的羽毛颜色相似”，设空处与后面的名词短语feather color表所属关系，所以要填名词所有格bird's。故填bird's。 答案　bird's 7．解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中that引导宾语从句，从句中已有谓语has，故此处应用非谓语动词作状语，又因为grow和the new species构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以此处要用现在分词growing来充当状语。故填growing。 答案　growing 8．解析　考查名词的数。提示词kilometer是可数名词，再根据本空前的two square可知，此处要填提示词的复数形式kilometers。故填kilometers。 答案　kilometers 9．解析　考查副词。设空处修饰空后形容词Endangered，用副词作状语，故应用critically；此处表示“极危”物种等级，故首字母应大写。故填critically。 答案　critically 10．解析　考查冠词。因为上文“Chinese scientists have detected a new plant species(中国科学家发现了一种新的植物物种)”提到过最新发现，再次提到需要特指，所以此处用the discovery特指科学家们最近的发现。故填the。 答案　the 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $