Unit 5 Section Ⅱ（配套word）-【精讲精练】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语过去完成时核心知识点，系统梳理其构成（had+过去分词）及四大用法，包括表“过去的过去”、持续到过去的动作、未实现意图和固定句型，对比一般过去时区别，并结合blame、decline等核心词汇用法，构建从语法规则到词汇应用再到练习巩固的学习支架。 该资料特色在于融入高考真题实例与教材原句，通过即时演练提升语言运用能力，对比时态培养分析思维，分层练习与温馨提示助力主动学习。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识掌握。

Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P99] 一、过去完成时的构成和用法 1．构成：had＋过去分词 2．用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成或结束的动作。句中常有by，by the end of等介词(短语) 和by the time，before，when，until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 ◆By nine o'clock last night，we had finished most of the work. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经完成了大部分的工作。 ◆I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived. 我发现这场讲座很难听懂，因为我到的时候讲座已经开始了。 (2)表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到过去的这一时刻，而且到那时还未结束，仍有可能再持续下去。 ◆I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。 (3)hope，mean，want，think，expect，plan，intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来……(但事实上并没有……)”。 ◆I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. 我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。 (4)常用过去完成时的固定句型： ①在no sooner...than，hardly...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。 ◆ I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.(＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.) 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 ◆I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.(＝Hardly had I stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.) 我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。 [温馨提示]　当no sooner和hardly位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 ②在“It was the first/second/...time＋that...”句型中，从句用过去完成时，意为“那是第几次……”。 ◆It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 ③在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时，意为“自……发生以来已经多长时间了”。 ◆It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 ④在“主句＋by the time＋表示过去的从句”句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“到……时，已经……”。 在“by the end of＋表示过去的时间”句型中，句子用过去完成时，意为“到……时，已经……”。 ◆By the time I got to the station，the train had already gone. 我到车站时，火车已经开走了。 ◆By the end of last term we had learnt about 500 English words. 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了大约500个英语单词。 [即时演练1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I finally finished the essay，the thought of winning had given (give) way to the enjoyment of writing. (2)(2025·全国一卷)Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved(move) her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. (3)I had hoped (hope) to come to your party，but I was too busy. (4)It was the second time that Smith had visited (visit) the Great Wall. (5)By the end of last year，Henry had collected (collect) more than a thousand postcards. 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 时态 用法 过去完成时 过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的 一般过去时 一般过去时以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响 ◆I met her at the airport yesterday.I hadn't seen her for five years since she went abroad. 我昨天在机场遇到她了。自从她出国以来我已经五年没见过她了。 ◆He once worked on a farm for 10 years，and now he is the manager of the company. 他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。 [温馨提示]　当一个由before，after，as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 ◆We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 ◆The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到站台时火车刚要走。 ◆They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 [即时演练2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)He had worked (work) on a ship for 8 years before he became (become) the captain of the ship. (2)Yesterday，Lucy's parents rushed (rush) her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. (3)When first coming to that city，my parents often had a chat with neighbours，just as they had done (do) in our hometown. [对应学生用书P101] [核心词汇·练透] blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.过失； 责备 (1)blame sb/sth for...　因……而责备某人/事 blame sth on sb　把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for...)　(对……) 负责；(因为……)应受指责 (2)take/accept/bear the blame for...　为……承担责任 lay/put the blame/(for st) on...　把某事归咎于…… [教材原句]The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. 平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)I can't help but blame myself for the mistake，feeling a deep sense of guilt and regret.(续写佳句之心理描写) (2)Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction.This time，human activity will be to blame(blame). (3)不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人，相反，花点时间反思自己的行为和决定。 Don't always blame your own failure on others；instead，take a moment to reflect on your own actions and decisions.(应用文之建议信) [温馨提示]　be to blame for sth意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 decline vi.减少；衰退；下降 vt.谢绝；婉拒 n.减少，下降，衰落，衰退 (1)decline to do sth　拒绝做某事 decline by/to　下降了/到…… (2)be in decline　在下降中，在衰退中 on the decline　在下坡路上；在衰退(减少) [教材原句]After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined. 特别是当山羊被带上岛后，平塔岛陆龟的数量就下降了。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)She declined to have (have) lunch with her friend，saying that she wasn't feeling well. (2)The number of tourists to the scenic spot has declined by 10% in recent years to only 5 million because of the epidemic. (3)As the economy was on the decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs. (4)我只能谢绝你的邀请，因为我在忙于准备期末考试。 Occupied in preparing for my final exam，I have no alternative but to decline your invitation．(应用文之道歉信) [温馨提示]　表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。 [对应学生用书P102] Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done (do) for her. 2．Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected (expect)，he examined the previous work again. 3．By the time I turned on the TV，Messi had scored (score) two goals. 4．—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes.We were treated (treat) well by our hosts. 5．Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted (interrupt) him. 6．By the end of last month，Jane had raised (raise) enough money for the poor sick boy. 7．I asked (ask) you not to move my dictionary this morning—now I can't find it. 8．It was the second time that he had rushed (rush) out of the classroom without permission. 9．Mr Smith had worked (work) in a car factory for ten years before he came to China. 10．—Hi，I'm Peter.Are you new here？I haven't seen you around. —Hello，Peter.I'm Bob.I just started (start) on Monday. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。 It was the first time that I had taken part in an English speech contest． 2．他担心他们发起的革命会失败。 He was afraid the revolution they had started would fail． 3．她一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 No sooner had she stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 4．他一直看着她，想知道以前是否在哪里见过她。 He kept looking at her，wondering whether he had seen her somewhere before. 5．到昨晚9点之前，我们已经收到了200多封观众的来信。 By nine o'clock last night，we had received more than 200 letters from the audience. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $