Unit 3 Section Ⅵ（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过“层级一基础巩固+层级二综合应用”的分层设计，构建从词汇拼写、语法应用到语篇理解的完整知识巩固路径，兼顾语言能力夯实与思维品质提升，适配新授课基础夯实与适度拓展需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |层级一|词汇拼写、单句语法、基础句型|聚焦单一知识点强化，如单词拼写直接对应核心词汇，语法填空覆盖词性转换、从句等基础语法点| |层级二|阅读理解、完形填空|跨语境综合应用，如环保主题阅读考查细节理解与推理判断，记叙文完形训练语篇逻辑与词汇语境运用|

[对应知能达标训练P44] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Don't involve(牵扯) other people in your trouble. 2．He has been working in an institute(研究院) since he graduated from Beijing University. 3．In most instances(病例)，there is no need for further treatment. 4．The lazy boy claimed(自称) to be a clever student，which encourages him not to study hard. 5．They finally started attacking the goal of the opponent (对方). 6．They put up a memorial (纪念碑) in the center of the town. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Child as/though he is，he lives on his own and takes care of himself well. 2．At the sight of this cruelty(cruel)，they could hardly contain their anger. 3．The number of people that got injured in the earthquake was(be) up to 30. 4．Large amounts of money have been(be) wasted on unnecessary roadworks so far. 5．I didn't have time to read the book，so I just read a summary(sum) on the Internet. 6．With a serious typhoon striking(strike) the area，the small fish village almost laid in ruins. 7．It gives us great delight that Chinese science fiction is becoming increasingly(increase) popular. 8．A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，killing(kill) all four people on board. 9．Even in advanced agricultural(agriculture) societies，it took about 95 people on farms to feed five people in cities. 10．Polluted water that contained poisonous chemicals(chemistry) flowed into the river，killing thousands of fish in it. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebration (让尽可能多的人参加庆典活动). 2．For instance (例如)，take a number from the Arabic numeral system，such as 9. 3．Will you please sum up the main idea of this article (总结一下文章的主旨大意)? 4．He died, leaving his wife with five children (留下妻子和五个孩子). 5．The park is located in the southeast of the city (位于城市的东南). Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Plastics are amazing materials，which are widely used in our daily life.Besides，they're often cheap to make.About 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced to date.That's about 1，400 times the weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza.Some of that plastic is still in use.But about 5.8 billion metric tons have been thrown away. All that plastic waste is an environmental scourge(祸根).Only about 9 percent of plastic waste has been recycled.Another 12 percent has been burned.The remaining 79 percent wound up in landfills or in nature.And that plastic，like a single Lego block，takes a long time to decompose(分解). Plastic litters the world from the highest mountaintop to the deepest seafloor.Many animals mistake this rubbish for food.If they get full，these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer.Plastic rubbish in the oceans also leaves birds，turtles and other wildlife in a jam. Big pieces of plastic aren't the only problem.Abandoned plastic can break into tiny bits called microplastics.Winds blow these bits far and wide.Ocean currents can spread them throughout the sea.These pollutants build up inside animals.They also get into our food and drinking water.Each American is likely to consume more than 70，000 microplastic pieces per year.Right now，no one knows what risk that might bring. Scientists have some ideas about how to clean up this mess.The Ocean Cleanup is developing cleanup systems to fish out plastic pieces from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.Microbes or mealworms with an appetite for plastic might someday eat the garbage.And new nanotechnology (纳米技术) could help microplastics decompose in the environment.But many of these plans are still far from effective so far.The best way to help Earth right now is to stop buying so much plastic—and then throwing it out—in the first place. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料污染的现状、带来的后果以及可能的应对方案。 1．What does the Lego block show about plastic waste? A．It is hard to break down. B．Little of it has been burned. C．It is easy to pile up. D．Most of it ends up in landfills. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And that plastic，like a single Lego block，takes a long time to decompose(分解).”可知，像乐高积木那样的塑料垃圾很难分解。故选A。 2．How might the plastic rubbish influence animals? A．By starving them. B．By reducing their food. C．By piling up in their homes. D．By changing the environment. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Many animals mistake this rubbish for food.If they get full，these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer.”可推知，许多动物会将塑料垃圾当成食物吃掉，吃饱后，它们可能会忘记吃真正的食物，这最终很可能导致它们饿死。故选A。 3．What is the author's attitude to the present methods of cleaning plastic waste? A．Opposed. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 解析　D　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“But many of these plans are still far from effective so far.”可知，作者对现行的清理塑料垃圾的方案持怀疑态度。故选D。 4．Why does the author write the text? A．To criticize plastic production. B．To suggest ways to handle plastic. C．To advocate environmental protection. D．To introduce the state of plastic pollution. 解析　D　写作意图题。 本文作者先用数据说明塑料污染的严重性，接着说明它对生物的危害，最后呼吁人们不要买那么多塑料制品。由此推知，作者写作本文旨在向人们介绍塑料污染的现状。故选D。 B Historic numbers of animals across the globe have become endangered or extinct.But, some of these species sit in limbo．They're not conclusively extinct, yet they're missing from the scientific record.Species are identified as “lost” when there hasn't been a trace of them in 10 years, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “Their populations are decreasing in size, and that's why they can't be found.It means they're likely to be on the edge of extinction，” says Thomas Evans, a conservation (环境保护) scientist.There is a noticeable difference in which species are searched for and protected, as evidenced by a recent study co-led by Evans. The study indicates that “charismatic (有魅力的)” animals have better opportunities of being rediscovered.They tend to be large, cute or furry.This has allowed some “uncharismatic” lost species to disappear from human view when they might have been saved with measures such as habitat conservation. Historically, rodents (啮齿动物) have been one group of animals most affected by this difference.Biologist Tyrone Lavery spent 14 years researching a “lost” species: the Vangunu giant rat (老鼠), known to the people of the Vangunu Islands as “vika”．Lavery's hard efforts paid off after he planted camera traps around the forest for six months and finally got photographic evidence. Since his research came out, there haven't been any official moves to protect the rat.In fact, before his work was published, the government had approved more logging (伐木作业) around the vika's habitat.But shortly after it was published, Lavery said, “All of a sudden, they've removed their machines and pulled out.So officially, nothing's happened.But it seems like there's been a little bit of change.” While the vika could be on their way to getting vital protection, the same may not be true for all “uncharismatic” animals.People are often keen to go and look for large cats or other really “charismatic” animals, and many people haven't even heard of a vika.It is sad because all species on our planet are valuable. 5．What does the underlined part “sit in limbo” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Grow healthily. B．Lack official documents. C．Are in an uncertain state. D．Are under proper protection. 6．Which is a finding of the study co-led by Thomas Evans? A．Humans tend to favor lovable animals. B．The data about lost species is not reliable. C．Current preservation efforts are far from enough. D．Species became lost mostly due to human activities. 7．What was a consequence of Tyrone Lavery's vika research? A．Locals stepped in to assist scientists. B．The vika received unofficial protection. C．The government banned cutting down trees. D．Monitoring devices were taken away from the forest. 8．What message does the author want to deliver in the last paragraph? A．Appearance doesn't matter. B．The more species, the better. C．Every species is worth protecting. D．Protecting the Earth takes everyone. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是全球动物濒危或灭绝的严峻现状，特别是那些“被遗忘”的物种面临的困境，以及保护工作中存在的对“有魅力”物种的偏好问题，强调所有物种保护的重要性。 5．解析　C　词义猜测题。根据第一段中“They're not conclusively extinct, yet they're missing from the scientific record.(它们还没有完全灭绝，但它们在科学记录中失踪了。)”可知，这些动物还没有完全灭绝，但它们在科学记录中失踪了，说明这些动物的境遇很尴尬，由此可推知，“sit in limbo”在此意为“处于不确定的状态”。故选C。 6．解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The study indicates that ‘charismatic (有魅力的)’ animals have better opportunities of being rediscovered.They tend to be large, cute or furry.(研究表明，‘有魅力’的动物有更好的机会被重新发现。它们往往很大，很可爱或毛茸茸的。)”可推知，人类倾向于喜欢可爱的动物是托马斯·埃文斯共同领导的研究的发现。故选A。 7．解析　B　推理判断题。根据第五段中“In fact, before his work was published, the government had approved more logging (伐木作业) around the vika's habitat.But shortly after it was published, Lavery said, ‘All of a sudden, they've removed their machines and pulled out.So officially, nothing's happened.But it seems like there's been a little bit of change.’(事实上，在他的研究成果发表之前，政府已经批准在vika栖息地附近进行更多的砍伐。但在这本书出版后不久，拉弗里说：‘突然之间，他们把机器搬走了。所以官方说，什么都没发生。但似乎已经发生了一些变化。’)” 可知，伐木用的机器被撤走了。但目前尚未公布任何正式措施来保护vika这种老鼠，然而又似乎有了一些变化。由此可推知，在蒂龙·拉弗里发布了相关研究之后，vika得到了非官方保护。故选B。 8．解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“People are often keen to go and look for large cats or other really ‘charismatic’ animals, and many people haven't even heard of a vika.It is sad because all species on our planet are valuable.(人们经常热衷于去寻找大型猫科动物或其他真正‘有魅力’的动物，许多人甚至没有听说过vika。这是悲哀的，因为我们星球上的所有物种都是宝贵的。)”可推知，作者想在最后一段传达的信息是每个物种都值得保护。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Kristina Smithe participated in the California International Marathon in 2019.When she grabbed cups of water to get refreshed，she started to think about how much waste such events produce.On the flight home，she did the __1__： 9，000 runners，17 aid stations，and around 150，000 cups were used once and __2__．“I was just shocked that，even in environmentally aware California，the event is not __3__，” Smithe said. After some more research，she realized that billions of such single-use plastic cups are abandoned globally each year，a practice that adds significant __4__ pressure. That __5__ her idea for something more durable (耐用的) — a lightweight silicone cup that could be used __6__．After working out a design，Smithe __7__ her first shipment of such cups and then __8__ them at a race. As she was getting her business __9__，Smithe emailed more race directors to persuade them to use silicone cups.So far Smithe has taken her cups to 137 races and __10__ 902，000 single-use ones from the landfill (垃圾填埋场).“It's just a solution to a problem that has been __11__ for a long time，” Smithe said.Yet the __12__ is that the cup rentals cost race directors a few more cents than other options. “While the solution can not fully __13__ the issue，the practicability is there，” Smithe said.“I think in general，high __14__ of such a solution is what helps bring costs down and really maximize environmental __15__ that we could get.” 1．A.investigation B．interaction C．calculation D．reservation 2．A.made out B．thrown away C．handed out D．put away 3．A.acceptable B．predictable C．affordable D．sustainable 4．A.cultural B．academic C．environmental D．psychological 5．A.stimulated B．contradicted C．delayed D．borrowed 6．A.immediately B．repeatedly C．automatically D．normally 7．A.ordered B．replaced C．counted D．weighed 8．A.labeled B．sorted C．tested D．washed 9．A.off the ground B．on the shelf C．between the lines D．behind the scenes 10．A.charted B．spared C．collected D．distributed 11．A.explained B．expected C．handled D．ignored 12．A.difference B．disadvantage C．condition D．suggestion 13．A.avoid B．describe C．tackle D．demonstrate 14．A.adoption B．demand C．volume D．quality 15．A.concerns B．concepts C．policies D．benefits [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Kristina Smithe发现马拉松赛事一次性塑料杯的浪费问题，发明可重复使用硅胶杯并推广的故事。 1．解析　C　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文具体数字“9，000 runners，17 aid stations，and around 150，000 cups”，可知此处指她进行了计算。故选C。 2．解析　B　考查动词短语辨析。结合上文“赛事产生大量浪费”的语境，可知杯子只用一次就被扔掉。故选B。 3．解析　D　考查形容词词义辨析。由一次性杯子的浪费问题可知，该活动不符合可持续发展理念。故选D。 4．解析　C　考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识，一次性塑料杯丢弃会污染环境，带来环境压力。故选C。 5．解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。看到一次性杯子的浪费问题，激发了她发明耐用杯子的想法。故选A。 6．解析　B　考查副词词义辨析。呼应上文“更耐用”，可知硅胶杯可重复使用。故选B。 7．解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。结合下文“第一批货物”，可知此处指订购了杯子。故选A。 8．解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。新发明的杯子需要在比赛中测试实用性。故选C。 9．解析　A　考查固定短语辨析。根据下文“给赛事总监发邮件推广硅胶杯”，可知此处指生意刚起步。故选A。 10．解析　B　考查动词词义辨析。使用硅胶杯替代一次性杯子，使一次性杯子免于被送到垃圾填埋场。故选B。 11．解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。赛事一次性杯子浪费问题长期存在却未被解决，即被忽视。故选D。 12．解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“租赁成本多花几美分”，可知这是硅胶杯的缺点。故选B。 13．解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。结合转折词while，可知硅胶杯不能完全解决一次性杯子的浪费问题。故选C。 14．解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。根据常识，解决方案的高采用率有助于降低成本。故选A。 15．解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。使用硅胶杯替代一次性杯子，能带来环境方面的好处，即环境效益。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $