Unit 3 Section Ⅳ（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过“层级一”基础夯实与“层级二”综合提升的分层设计，实现从词汇语法到语篇应用的知识巩固，适配新授课语言能力与思维品质培养需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |层级一|单句语法（非谓语、词性转换等）、基础句型（如be aware of）|8道语法填空+6道完成句子，聚焦语言能力基础训练，直接对应课时核心词汇语法点| |层级二|语篇理解（细节、推理、主旨）、语境词汇与篇章逻辑|2篇阅读理解（环保主题）+1篇完形填空（叙事类），培养思维品质，体现文化意识中的环保理念与社会责任感|

[对应知能达标训练P38] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Learning to be aware of your body language can be very useful. 2．If you try to remember everything, you will end up remembering(remember) nothing. 3．My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days. 4．Jane Goodall set about researching(research) the habits of chimps. 5．In the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers (consume). 6．Studies show that too much multitasking can lead to anxiety(anxious) and memory loss. 7．The city is providing free transportation (transport) to the public library. 8．The poor girl will not be wasteful(waste) of what is given to her. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The government set out to destroy (着手摧毁) the organization root and branch. 2．Everybody should be aware of the danger (意识到危险) involved. 3．We were stuck in a traffic jam (遇上交通堵塞). 4．I can't imagine sitting in traffic，getting stressed out (焦虑). 5．If (it is) necessary, you may refer to your notes while making a speech (在演讲时). 6．Why not call him right now (为什么不现在给他打电话) and tell him to come to the party? Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·安徽期中)More than a third of food grown in the US goes uneaten，and that percentage has increased in the past five years.Much of that food ends up in landfills，where it breaks down，creating a gas that contributes to global warming.A company based in Denmark has spent the past eight years working to bring that percentage down by helping restaurants sell food cheaply. Too Good To Go，an app starting in Denmark and with participating stores in 17 countries today，works with businesses to sell their end-of-day leftovers for 60%—80% off.By matching hungry，cost-conscious customers with surplus food，the app's creators say they reduce waste，one bag of saved food at a time. MacAulay，the app's US country manager，says the cheaper price tag and the recovered business costs are great side effects，but the main point is really around reducing food waste.“When someone buys a ‘surprise bag’，the app adds that purchase (购买) to his/her lifetime climate impact record.It displays all the electricity and the carbon emissions (排放) prevented from going to waste.” “We've saved over 250 million meals，” MacAulay says.“So if you think about the scale，it is having an impact.” According to the app's estimate，that translates to taking about 135，000 cars off the road for a year，because apart from the global warming gas released by the rotten food in landfills，the climate impact also includes the land and water used to grow that food and the gas used to power the trucks and factories that prepare and transport food. “That's a huge amount，especially considering that in the US all food loss and waste accounts for about 6% of the total greenhouse gas emissions footprint，” says Alexandria Coari with the food waste nonprofit ReFED.“Marked-down alert apps like Too Good To Go are especially popular among businesses that produce baked goods，so there's no shortage of pastries and pizzas available.I think in the areas where they are trying to expand into retail grocery，even into manufacturing，there's still a little bit to be figured out there.” 1．How does the app function? A．By collecting wasted food around. B．By buying food directly from local suppliers. C．By selling leftovers cheaply to buyers in need. D．By matching factories with the remaining food. 2．What will the app record after a “surprise bag” is sold? A．The updated information of “surprise bags”． B．The buyer's effort to reduce climate impacts. C．The carbon emissions caused by this purchase. D．The amount of electricity used in this purchase. 3．What does the author mainly intend to show in paragraph 4? A．The wide use of the app. B．The effect brought by the app. C．The harm caused by food waste. D．The impact of cars on the climate. 4．What might the app focus on for its future development according to Coari? A．Cooperation with more bakeries. B．Setting up a food waste nonprofit. C．Expanding business to other areas. D．Giving out more “surprise bags”． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种应用程序，它能将餐馆的剩余食品以非常低的价格卖给有需要的顾客，这种做法极大地减少了因食物浪费造成的气候影响。 1．解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，“Too Good To Go”应用与商家合作，以6－8折出售当日剩余食品，为有需要的顾客提供低价食物。故选C。 2．解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，顾客购买“惊喜礼包”后，应用会记录此次购买对气候影响的贡献，显示节省的电能和避免的碳排放量。故选B。 3．解析　B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者通过列举节省餐食数量、等效减少汽车上路等数据，旨在说明该应用程序带来的环保影响。故选B。 4．解析　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，此类应用程序正尝试将业务拓展到零售食品杂货和制造业领域。故选C。 B In today's world, it can feel like our entire lives take place in front of a screen.Whether we're texting friends or laughing at social media, our digital devices are always close.However, these devices can impact the well-being of our planet.Every device uses electricity.Much of that power comes from burning fossil fuels (化石燃料).As a result, each device leaves a trace of climate-warming gases, usually carbon dioxide, or CO2. The CO2 emissions from any product or activity depend on how much energy goes into making, using or doing something.For example, flying a plane uses a lot more liquid fuel than driving a car.And riding a bike uses no gas or diesel (柴油)! The same idea applies to our devices, says Jessica McLean, who studies how people, technology and the environment interact.How we use a device affects how much energy it consumes, she says.Just like different types of transportation produce different amounts of pollution, so do different types of online activities. Video streaming leads to more CO2 emissions than other forms of screen use, McLean points out.To stream something, your device must access data held at some big computer center.It could be half a world away from you.When we hit play, our devices request lots of those data to fly—faster than lightning—to our devices.The same process happens when we open our email.But video or big image files used in streaming are much larger and more energy-intensive (耗能的) than the simple text of an email. Luckily, there are small steps we all can take to lower the climate impacts of our digital lives.Mike Hazas, a professor of human-computer interaction, says that one way to make greener use of our devices is to keep them as long as possible.We shouldn't trade in a device for a newer version (型号) so frequently, Hazas notes.Not even for a more efficient, greener model.“That is by far going to have much more impact，” he says. 5．How does the author start the text? A．By giving an example. B．By describing a scene. C．By stating his experience. D．By expressing his opinion. 6．What does Jessica McLean explain in paragraph 2? A．Promoting green travel is vital. B．Certain daily routines save energy. C．Technology has a positive impact on society. D．Our digital choices come with a climate cost. 7．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Carbon emissions have far-ranging effects. B．Streaming videos requires substantial energy. C．Bigger computer centers ensure easier data access. D．Digital devices are transforming how we communicate. 8．What does Mike Hazas suggest? A．Cut down your screen time. B．Make your computer more efficient. C．Replace your digital device less often. D．Select a more eco-friendly phone model. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。电子设备产生的碳足迹不容小觑。我们要从小事做起，打造绿色数字生活。 5．解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“In today's world, it can feel like our entire lives take place in front of a screen.Whether we're texting friends or laughing at social media, our digital devices are always close.(在当今世界，感觉我们的整个生活都是在屏幕前进行的。无论我们是在给朋友发短信还是被社交媒体逗笑，我们的数字设备总是近在咫尺。)”由此可知，本文是通过描写一种常见的生活情景来引入话题的，故选B。 6．解析　D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“How we use a device affects how much energy it consumes, she says.Just like different types of transportation produce different amounts of pollution, so do different types of online activities.(她说，我们使用设备的方式会影响它消耗的能量。就像不同类型的交通工具产生不同数量的污染一样，不同类型的网络活动也是如此。)”由此可推知，我们在数字生活里作出的选择会带来气候成本，故选D。 7．解析　B　主旨大意题。根据第三段首句“Video streaming leads to more CO2 emissions than other forms of screen use, McLean points out.(McLean指出，视频流比其他形式的屏幕使用导致更多的二氧化碳排放。)”和末句“But video or big image files used in streaming are much larger and more energy-intensive (耗能的) than the simple text of an email.(但是，流媒体中使用的视频或大图像文件比电子邮件中的简单文本要大得多，也更耗能。)”可知，本段主要讲述刷视频需要消耗大量的能源，故选B。 8．解析　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We shouldn't trade in a device for a newer version (型号) so frequently, Hazas notes.(Hazas指出，我们不应该如此频繁地购买更新型号的设备。)”可知，Hazas提出的建议是降低更换数字设备的频率，故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Carol-Anne O'Callaghan，a retired teacher，has spent more than half of her lifetime teaching.This time，she wanted to do something much more 1 ． One day in 2021，O'Callaghan was walking her dogs when she 2 yellow dots on all the oak trees along Leather Lane.The dots，she learned，indicated the trees' 3 drew near.The marked trees would make way for a new rail line，which was really a piece of 4 news for her.Planted in the 19th century，they were 5 parts of her childhood.“My family used to picnic under them，” she recalled，“And they meant much.” Unfortunately，they were to be cut down as part of the HS2 high-speed railway projects.O'Callaghan 6 the HS2 helpline，only to be told the 7 couldn't be changed. As a teacher，O'Callaghan often told students，“If something is wrong，you can't 8 and let it happen.” So she started a(n) 9 to save the trees.O'Callaghan went from door to door in the neighborhood， 10 local people to fight for the trees. The locals 11 O'Callaghan.“It's amazing to see someone who shows great 12 for giving a voice to those trees，” said her neighbor Victoria. 13 ，her efforts paid off.HS2 14 an alternative overhead design.And O'Callaghan was nominated(提名) for “Guardian Angel” in recognition of her attempts to 15 nature in the county. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了退休教师奥卡拉汉发起了一场拯救橡树的运动。 1．A.remarkable B．academic C．similar D．profitable 解析　A　根据下文内容可知，奥卡拉汉为了保护橡树做了一些了不起的事情，所以被提名成为守护天使。故选A。 2．A.removed B．painted C．designed D．spotted 解析　D　根据上文“O'Callaghan was walking her dogs”可知，奥卡拉汉遛狗时发现了橡树上的黄色圆点。故选D。 3．A.position B．growth C．misfortune D．protection 解析　C　根据下文“The marked trees would make way for a new rail line”可知，因为这些被标记的树木将为一条新的铁路线让路，所以是不幸的。故选C。 4．A.risk-taking B．eye-catching C．heart-breaking D．life-saving 解析　C　根据下文“Planted in the 19th century，they were 5 parts of her childhood.‘My family used to picnic under them，’ she recalled，‘And they meant much.’”可知，因为这些树对奥卡拉汉意义重大，所以砍这些树对她来说是心碎的。故选C。 5．A.inseparable B．unimaginable C．inaccessible D．indescribable 解析　A　根据下文“My family used to picnic under them”可知，这些树是奥卡拉汉童年不可分割的一部分。故选A。 6．A.launched B．phoned C．disturbed D．drew 解析　B　根据下文“only to be told the 7 couldn't be changed”可知，奥卡拉汉打电话给HS2服务热线，希望对方能改变决定。故选B。 7．A.style B．promise C．research D．decision 解析　D　根据下文“couldn't be changed”可知，对方告诉奥卡拉汉砍树的决定不能改变。故选D。 8．A.set off B．stand by C．make out D．knock off 解析　B　根据下文“and let it happen”可知，奥卡拉汉经常告诉学生遇到问题不能袖手旁观。故选B。 9．A.competition B．conversation C．campaign D．interview 解析　C　根据下文“O'Callaghan went from door to door in the neighborhood， 10 local people to fight for the trees.”可知，奥卡拉汉发起了一场拯救橡树的运动。 故选C。 10．A.forcing B．permitting C．challenging D．persuading 解析　D　根据上文“O'Callaghan went from door to door in the neighborhood”可知，奥卡拉汉试图说服当地人为保护橡树而战。故选D。 11．A.got along with B．spoke highly of C．laughed at D．turned down 解析　B　根据下文“‘It's amazing to see someone who shows great 12 for giving a voice to those trees，’ said her neighbor Victoria.”可知，当地人对奥卡拉汉称赞不绝。故选B。 12．A.enthusiasm B．gratitude C．sympathy D．potential 解析　A　根据下文“for giving a voice to those trees”可知，看到有人表现出极大的热情为保护这些树而发声，非常令人惊叹。故选A。 13．A.Previously B．Eventually C．Specifically D．Occasionally 解析　B　根据下文“her efforts paid off”可知，最终奥卡拉汉的努力得到了回报。故选B。 14．A.changed B．opposed C．cancelled D．considered 解析　D　根据下文“an alternative overhead design”可知，HS2考虑了避开砍树的另一种架空设计。故选D。 15．A.preserve B．appreciate C．defeat D．approach 解析　A　根据上文可知，奥卡拉汉的所作所为是在保护自然。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $