Unit 4（单元测试）2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

**基本信息** 人教版八年级英语上册Unit 4单元卷，以“自然与生态”为主题，融合动物特征、环境保护等真实情境，全面考查语言能力与思维品质，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力|20题/20分|动物习性（如熊猫食竹量）、自然现象（竹子生长速度）|情境贴近生态保护，考察信息抓取能力| |阅读理解|15题/30分|北极熊特征、狗的进化史、冬眠机制、生态角色（红杉/猎豹）|科学文本与七选五结合，培养推理与逻辑思维| |语言运用|20题/25分|词汇（adaptable）、语法（比较级/介词）、上下文理解|聚焦身边动植物（蜜蜂/骆驼），强化语言综合运用| |综合技能|6题/25分|黄山环境问题、游记写作（成都景点）|结合社会热点，提升表达能力与文化意识|

Unit 4（单元测试）2026-2027学年 人教版 八年级英语上册 原卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号； 2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效； 3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示； 4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁; 5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸； 6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节 （共5小题，计5分） 1．Who planted the most trees yesterday? A．Linda. B．Alice. C．David. 2．Which animal does the man like best? A．Elephants. B．Pandas. C．Monkeys. 3．Which country will have the largest population by 2040? A．India. B．China. C．America. 4．How long has Nancy kept her pet dog? A．For about a week. B．For about a month. C．For about a year. 5．Which boy has longer hair? A．Tom. B．Sam. C．We don’t know. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听对话，回答以下各小题。 6．What do people call bamboo? A．Building houses. B．Green gold. C．Tools and shoots. 7．How fast can some bamboos grow? A．1 meter per day. B．10 cm per day. C．5 meters per year. 听材料，回答下列各题。 8．What did Daisy think of the monkeys in the zoo? A．They were smart. B．They were friendly. C．They were lovely. 9．What was the weather like yesterday? A．It was hot. B．It was warm. C．It was cool. 请听对话，回答下列小题。 10．Which of the following does Alice like best? A．Dogs. B．Cats. C．Roses. 11．Why does Jason like animals better? A．Because animals are friendly. B．Because animals can protect us. C．Because animals make the world beautiful. 听对话，回答下列小题。 12．What’s Tim doing? A．He is watching TV. B．He is reading a newspaper. C．He is listening to the radio. 13．Why is he angry? A．Some people hurt animals. B．Some people cut down trees. C．Some people picked flowers. 14．What will they do for nature? A．Post articles online. B．Give a special show. C．Make an environment video. 15．Where will they show it? A．At school. B．On the Internet. C．At home. 听下面一篇短文。短文后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。短文读两遍。 16．How many panda reserves are there in China now? A．76. B．67. C．66. 17．What is a giant panda like? A．Shy. B．Clever. C．Beautiful. 18．How many kilos of bamboo does a giant panda eat at least every day? A．10. B．18. C．20. 19．What can’t giant pandas do? A．They can’t catch fish. B．They can’t swim. C．They can’t climb trees. 20．Where is the biggest panda reserve? A．In Shanxi. B．In Heilongjiang. C．In Sichuan. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分） A Spot a Polar Bear What do they eat?    ·small head ·long neck ·short tail ·short, rounded ears Polar bears don’t have white fur in fact! Their fur is see-through and their hairs reflect (反射) all of the light around them, making their fur look white. Polar bears are at the top of their food chain in the Arctic.   Do you know?·Polar bears live on the land. ·Polar bears live for 20—30 years. ·Polar bears have thick fat to keep themselves warm. ·Polar bears also have large feet to help pull themselves through the water. 21．What is the text about? A．Plants. B．Animals. C．Sports. D．Languages. 22．What do polar bears mainly eat? A．Plankton. B．Krill. C．Arctic cod. D．The leopard seal. 23．What can we learn from the text? A．Polar bears have white fur all over the body. B．Polar bears have big heads and short tails. C．Polar bears can keep themselves warm. D．Polar bears can live for at least thirty years. B People and dogs have been living together for hundreds of years. When did dogs and people become friends? Where did dogs come from? A group of scientists tried to answer these questions. They just finished a study about the history of dogs. In the study, they looked at the DNA of dogs all over the world and found that dogs, like humans, shared DNA with their family members. The scientists put together a big family tree for dogs. It went all the way back to the animal’s beginning. In this way, scientists learned about the history of dogs. The first dogs lived in Asia. They were born about 33,000 years ago. At first, there were only about 6,400 of them. Their parents were wolves. The new study answers many questions. It raises some too. For example, what caused wolves in Asia to become dogs all those years ago? One idea is that their DNA slowly changed and the wolves became dogs in the end. As time went by, dogs became “man’s best friends”. Or it could happen the other way around. It was possible that some wolves started living with people before they became dogs. Living with people led to many changes to these wolves. It changed their DNA, so their offspring (后代) became dogs. In other words, it was possible that the wolves were our friends before they became dogs. By studying DNA, scientists now have a much better understanding of the history of dogs. ▲ . How exactly dogs came to be our friends is still unknown. 24．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By asking questions. D．By making a comparison. 25．What can we learn about the first dogs according to the passage? A．They lived in Africa. B．They were born 6,400 years ago. C．Their parents were wolves. D．There are about 33,000 dogs. 26．What does the underlined word “some” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．wolves B．dogs C．ideas D．questions 27．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ”? A．However, there is still much to learn B．But we still know little about wolves’ history C．Because we’ve learned about dogs’ friends D．So they can explain when dogs became our friends C Do Animals Really Sleep for Winter? For people who don’t like winter, animals that hibernate (冬眠) seem to have a great idea. But is hibernation the same as sleeping? Well, in fact, animals that hibernate don’t “sleep” during the winter. Hibernation is very different from what happens when you sleep. During hibernation, metabolism (新陈代谢) slows down greatly. When lemurs (狐猴) hibernate, for example, they slow their heart rates (心率). An active lemur’s heart beats about 200 times a minute. During hibernation, it beats less than eight times a minute. Its breathing (呼吸) slows down too. Hibernating lemurs can go ten minutes without taking a breath. Their brain activity becomes very slow. During sleep, however, animals continue to breathe as usual. According to scientists, hibernation is a way for animals to save energy. However, animals that live in cold areas are not the only ones to hibernate. Some animals hibernate to keep away from hot weather. For some, hibernation is not because of temperatures. Some animals hibernate when there is no food. Echidnas (针鼹), for example, will hibernate after fires. They won’t go back to usual activities until food grows back. Some animals hibernate to stay safe. Animals don’t smell or move much when they hibernate. This makes it hard for other animals to find them and eat them. There are many mammals (哺乳动物) that hibernate. Most of them are small—weigh less than 90 grams. Little animals usually lose heat quickly. It is hard for them to stay warm in winter, so they need to save more energy than larger animals do. We human beings (人类) don’t need hibernation. So, don’t be lazy and lie in bed all day long during the coming winter holiday! 28．What do animals do during hibernation according to the passage? A．They stop breathing. B．They become much thinner. C．They slow their brain activity. D．They breathe more than 8 times a minute. 29．Which picture can show the changes of the heart rates during the animals’ hibernation? A． B． C． D． 30．What does the writer show by using the example of echidnas? A．Hibernation is different from sleeping B．Most mammals don’t need hibernation. C．Metabolism slows down during hibernation. D．Hibernation isn’t always caused by temperatures. 31．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To tell people more about hibernation. B．To tell why human beings don’t need hibernation. C．To tell young people how to save energy in winter. D．To list the differences between hibernation and sleeping. 第二节 (共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分) 阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 The balance of nature is maintained by the harmonious coexistence (和谐共存) of plants and animals. Each species has its own unique role, and some that stand out with superlative features play crucial parts in the ecosystem. The tallest plants on earth—redwoods Redwoods are not only remarkable for their height but also for their longevity (长寿). 32 Their massive trunks and wide-spreading branches create a complex ecosystem within the forest. Many animals find shelter and food in redwood forests. Birds build nests high up in the trees, and small mammals hide in the hollows of the trunks. The fastest land animals—cheetahs Cheetahs are known for their incredible speed. They can reach speeds of up to 120 kilometres per hour, making them the fastest land animals. 33 By preying on small herbivores (食草动物), cheetahs help control their population. This prevents overgrazing of grasslands, keeping grasslands healthy for other species. The most efficient pollinators—bees Bees are small but mighty (强大的) creatures. They are considered the most efficient pollinators in the ecosystem. 34 While collecting nectar, they transfer pollen from flower to flower, enabling plants to produce fruits or seeds. Without bees, a large number of plants and the animals that rely on them would die out, having a bad effect on the entire food chain. The most adaptable animals—rats Rats are often disliked, but they are one of the most adaptable animals on the planet. 35 They can survive in a wide range of environments, from urban areas to the wild. Although they are sometimes seen as pests, they also play a role in the ecosystem by eating organic waste and serving as prey for larger predators. The most important plants for oxygen production—phytoplankton (浮游植物) Phytoplankton are tiny plants that live in the ocean. Despite their small size, they are the most important plants for oxygen production on earth. They produce more oxygen than all the rainforests combined. Through photosynthesis, they produce a significant amount of the oxygen we breathe. They also form the base of the marine food chain, supporting countless sea creatures. A．They can reproduce quickly and adjust to different food sources. B．There are some amazing plants and animals. C．This speed gives them a great advantage in hunting. D．They can live for thousands of years, witnessing the changes of the earth. E．They pollinate most of the world’s flowering plants. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 When we talk about amazing plants and animals, many people think of rare creatures in faraway rainforests or deep oceans. But you can also find wonderful little lives 36 you. Bees are one of 37 hard-working animals in the world. They fly from flower to flower to collect honey, and they can even tell other bees where food is 38 dancing in special ways. Grass is also an amazing plant: it can grow back very quickly 39 being cut or eaten by animals, so people can make soft football fields and lawns with it. The Venus flytrap is famous 40 a meat-eating plant. Its leaves look like small “traps” with tiny “teeth”. When a fly lands on its leaf, the trap closes in less than a second, and the plant gets nutrition (营养) from the insect. It is 41 stranger than any other common plant you know. Camels are called the “ships of the desert”. They can live in the hot, dry desert 42 they store water in their bodies and their wide feet help them walk easily on sand. Today, many of these amazing plants and animals are in great 43 . People cut down forests, pour dirty water into rivers and catch too many wild animals. We must do something to 44 them. We only have one planet, and every plant and animal is an important part of the 45 world. 36．A．far from B．around C．behind D．above 37．A．more B．most C．the more D．the most 38．A．by B．on C．in D．with 39．A．before B．after C．until D．unless 40．A．as B．for C．to D．with 41．A．very B．so C．much D．too 42．A．but B．because C．so D．though 43．A．danger B．safety C．fun D．surprise 44．A．feed B．catch C．grow D．protect 45．A．human B．natural C．man-made D．modern 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 根据语境或具体提示，补全短文内容。 Mary loved her father’s garden very much. He grew many plants, like 46 (rose)and peonies, with great care. One day, Mary saw 47 lively plant with nice flowers. When she got closer, she noticed it was in dirty soil (土壤). She thought, “This plant is the most beautiful. It should grow in the 48 (clean) place!” Mary took action quickly. She pulled the plant out, washed it, and placed it on a clean stone. Then, she walked away with 49 (happy). Later, Mary’s father came to the garden and saw the plant. Its flowers and leaves were drying out in the hot sun. Just then, Mary 50 (appear) and said to her father excitedly, “Look, Daddy! I cleaned it. It was in dirty soil before.” “ 51 (actual), this plant needs that soil to grow,” her father explained. “ 52 it, the plant might die.” After hearing this, Mary felt 53 (disappoint) with herself. She almost killed the plant. Luckily, she and her father succeeded in 54 (save) it at last. Sometimes the environment (环境) seems bad, but it can make us grow stronger. 55 it may not seem pleasant at first, it helps us become the best we can be. 第四部分 综合技能 （共两节，满分25分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题 (请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。 Huangshan is one of the most famous mountains in China. It is located in Anhui Province. Every year, millions of people come to visit it. There are four wonders of Huangshan: the strange pines, the rock peaks, the sea of clouds, and the hot springs. The pine trees are very special. They grow on the rocks and look very lively. The sea of clouds is like a white ocean around the mountains. However, with so many visitors, the environment is facing some problems. Some people leave trash on the mountains. This makes the park less beautiful. Now, the government is taking action. They are asking visitors to take their trash with them when they leave. They also plant more trees to protect the soil. Everyone should play a part in keeping Huangshan beautiful. 56．Where is Huangshan located? (不超过5个词) 57．How many wonders are there in Huangshan? (不超过5个词) 58．What is the problem Huangshan is facing? (不超过10个词) 59．What does the government ask visitors to do? (不超过15个词) 60．请将文中画线句子翻译成汉语。 Everyone should play a part in keeping Huangshan beautiful. 第二节（满分15分） 61．假如你是林涛，上个暑假去了成都度假，游览了许多地方。请以“My Vacation in Chengdu”为题，写一篇70词左右的游记。 内容包括： 1.  旅游景点（任写两个） 例如：Chengdu Zoo成都动物园，Chunxi Road春熙路，Wuhou Temple武侯祠，People’s Park人民公园，Sichuan Museum四川博物馆等。 2.  天气和活动 3.  感受…… _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $听力考试正式开始。How many trees did you plan on the hill yesterday? David. Linda planted date. Alice planted nine, and I planted seven. How many trees did you plan on the hill yesterday? David. Linda planted date. Alice planted nine, and I planted seven. Listen to the next question. Do you like pandas or elephants? Pandas as but I think monkeys are lovely er than both of them. Do you like pandas or elephants? Pandas. but I think monkeys are lovely er than both of them. Listen to the next question. Is there anything special in the newspaper? yes. IT says that india will have the largest population by twenty forty. China is the second. Is there anything special in the newspaper? yes. IT says that india will have the largest population by twenty forty. China is the second. Listen to the next . question. Hi, Nancy. The cat is so cute. I didn't know you have a pet cat. It's not mine, David. It's my cousin. Linders SHE went to beijing with her family last week. He asked me to take care of IT before SHE returns. Oh, I see. Do you keep a pet yourself? Yes, my father bought me a pet dog about a month ago. Hi Nancy. The cat is so cute. I didn't know you have . a pet cat. It's not mine, David. It's my cousin. Linda SHE went to beijing with her family last week. SHE asked me to take care of IT before he returns. Oh, I see. Do you keep a pack yourself? Yes, my father bought me a pet dog about a month ago. Listen to the next . question. Is that sam? No, that's tom. Sam has longer hair than tom. Is that sam? No, that tom. Sam has longer hair than tom. Listen to the next question. dad, White bamboo could Green gold because . it's super useful. People build houses, make tools and even eat IT shoots. Can IT grow fast? Yes. some bamboo grow one meter in a day. Dad, why is bamboo called Green gold? Because it's super useful, people build houses, make tools and even eat IT shoots. Can IT grow fast? Yes, some bamboo grow one meter in a day. Listen to the next question. Daisy, did you see monkeys in the zoo yesterday? Yes, I did. They were so lovely. How long did you stay . in the zoo for early an hour? IT was too hot yesterday. Daisy, did you see monkeys in the zoo yesterday? Yes, I did. They were so lovely. How long did you stay in . the zoo for only an hour? IT was too hot yesterday. Listen to the next question. Hi Alice. Which do you like Better plants or animals? I like plants Better. I think roses are very nice. They make the world more beautiful. How about you? shan? I like animals Better. I keep a pet dolban a cat. I think animals are friendly. Why do you think so? Because animals are our friends. They make us happy. All right, they're all important to us. We need to protect them. Hi Alice, which do you like Better plants or animals? I like plants Better. I think roses are very nice. They make the world more beautiful. How about you? shan? I like animals Better. I keep a pet dog and a cat. I think animals are friendly. Why do you think so? Because animals are our friends. They make us happy. All right, they're all important to us. We need to protect them. Listen to the next question. What are you doing, tim? I am reading a newspaper. The report makes me angry. What's the matter? Some people cut down hundreds of trees for money. I see. I think we . should do something to save nature. I agree. How about making a video about the bad environment? Good idea. We can show IT on the internet. More people will know. IT. okay, let's do IT. Now. what are you doing? tim? I am reading a newspaper. The report makes me angry. What's the matter? Some people cut down hundreds of trees for money. I see. I think we . should do something to save nature. I agree. How about making a video about the bad environment? Good idea. We can show IT on the internet. More people will know. Okay, let's do IT now. Listen to the next question. Everyone in china knows giant pandas. China sent some pandas to other countries. Today, there are many pandas living in foreign countries. Giant pandas are very quiet and peaceful, and they are also shy animals. They live alone in the forest. To our surprise, the giant panda eats at least ten kilograms of bamboo each day. Giant pandas, as are good at climbing trees and swimming. They can live for about twenty years in the wild. Now china has sixty seven panda reserves to protect them. The biggest is the war long national nature reserve in situations province. IT is two thousand square kilometers in area, and there are pandas living in IT. Everyone in china knows giant pandas. China sent some pandas to other countries. Today, there are many pandas living in foreign countries. Giant pandas are very quiet and peaceful, and they are also shy animals. They live alone in the forest. To our surprise, the giant panda eats at least ten kilograms of bamboo each day. Giant pandas are good at climbing trees and swimming. They can live for about twenty years in the wild. Now china has sixty seven panda reserves to protect them. The biggest is the war long national nature reserve in situations province. IT is two thousand square kilometers in area, and there are pandas living in IT. 听力部分到此结束。 Unit 4（单元测试）2026-2027学年 人教版 八年级英语上册 解析卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号； 2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效； 3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示； 4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁; 5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸； 6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节 （共5小题，计5分） 1．Who planted the most trees yesterday? A．Linda. B．Alice. C．David. 【答案】B 【原文】W: How many trees did you plant on the hill yesterday, David? M: Linda planted eight, Alice planted nine and I planted seven. 2．Which animal does the man like best? A．Elephants. B．Pandas. C．Monkeys. 【答案】C 【原文】W: Do you like pandas or elephants? M: Pandas, but I think monkeys are lovelier than both of them. 3．Which country will have the largest population by 2040? A．India. B．China. C．America. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Is there anything special in the newspaper? M: Yes, it says that India will have the largest population by 2040. China is the second. 4．How long has Nancy kept her pet dog? A．For about a week. B．For about a month. C．For about a year. 【答案】B 【原文】M: Hi, Nancy. The cat is so cute. I didn’t know you have a pet cat. W: It’s not mine, David. It’s my cousin Linda’s. She went to Beijing with her family last week. She asked me to take care of it before she returns. M: Oh, I see. Do you keep a pet yourself? W: Yes, my father bought me a pet dog about a month ago. 5．Which boy has longer hair? A．Tom. B．Sam. C．We don’t know. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Is that Sam? M: No, that’s Tom. Sam has longer hair than Tom. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听对话，回答以下各小题。 6．What do people call bamboo? A．Building houses. B．Green gold. C．Tools and shoots. 7．How fast can some bamboos grow? A．1 meter per day. B．10 cm per day. C．5 meters per year. 【答案】6．B 7．A 【原文】W: Dad, why is bamboo called “green gold”? M: Because it’s super useful! People build houses, make tools, and even eat its shoots. W: Can it grow fast? M: Yes! Some bamboos grow one metre in a day! 听材料，回答下列各题。 8．What did Daisy think of the monkeys in the zoo? A．They were smart. B．They were friendly. C．They were lovely. 9．What was the weather like yesterday? A．It was hot. B．It was warm. C．It was cool. 【答案】8．C 9．A 【原文】A: Daisy, did you see monkeys in the zoo yesterday? B: Yes, I did. They were so lovely. A: How long did you stay in the zoo? B: For only an hour. It was too hot yesterday. 请听对话，回答下列小题。 10．Which of the following does Alice like best? A．Dogs. B．Cats. C．Roses. 11．Why does Jason like animals better? A．Because animals are friendly. B．Because animals can protect us. C．Because animals make the world beautiful. 【答案】10．C 11．A 【原文】M: Hi, Alice. Which do you like better, plants or animals? W: I like plants better. I think roses are very nice. They make the world more beautiful. How about you, Jason? M: I like animals better. I keep a pet dog and a cat. I think animals are friendly. W: Why do you think so? M: Because animals are our friends. They make us happy. W: All right. They are all important to us. We need to protect them. 听对话，回答下列小题。 12．What’s Tim doing? A．He is watching TV. B．He is reading a newspaper. C．He is listening to the radio. 13．Why is he angry? A．Some people hurt animals. B．Some people cut down trees. C．Some people picked flowers. 14．What will they do for nature? A．Post articles online. B．Give a special show. C．Make an environment video. 15．Where will they show it? A．At school. B．On the Internet. C．At home. 【答案】12．B 13．B 14．C 15．B 【原文】W: What are you doing, Tim? M: I’m reading a newspaper. The report makes me angry. W: What’s the matter? M: Some people cut down hundreds of trees for money. W: I see. M: I think we should do something to save nature. W: I agree. How about making a video about the bad environment? M: Good idea. We can show it on the Internet. More people will know it. W: OK. Let’s do it now. 听下面一篇短文。短文后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。短文读两遍。 16．How many panda reserves are there in China now? A．76. B．67. C．66. 17．What is a giant panda like? A．Shy. B．Clever. C．Beautiful. 18．How many kilos of bamboo does a giant panda eat at least every day? A．10. B．18. C．20. 19．What can’t giant pandas do? A．They can’t catch fish. B．They can’t swim. C．They can’t climb trees. 20．Where is the biggest panda reserve? A．In Shanxi. B．In Heilongjiang. C．In Sichuan. 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．A 19．A 20．C 【详解】 Everyone in China knows giant pandas. China sent some pandas to other countries. Today, there are many pandas living in foreign countries. Giant pandas are very quiet and peaceful. And they are also shy animals. They live alone in the forest. To our surprise, the giant panda eats at least ten kilograms of bamboo each day. Giant pandas are good at climbing trees and swimming. They can live for about 20 years in the wild. Now China has 67 panda reserves to protect them. The biggest is the Wolong National Nature Reserve, in Sichuan Province. It is 2,000 square kilometers in area and there are pandas living in it. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分） A Spot a Polar Bear What do they eat?    ·small head ·long neck ·short tail ·short, rounded ears Polar bears don’t have white fur in fact! Their fur is see-through and their hairs reflect (反射) all of the light around them, making their fur look white. Polar bears are at the top of their food chain in the Arctic.   Do you know?·Polar bears live on the land. ·Polar bears live for 20—30 years. ·Polar bears have thick fat to keep themselves warm. ·Polar bears also have large feet to help pull themselves through the water. 21．What is the text about? A．Plants. B．Animals. C．Sports. D．Languages. 22．What do polar bears mainly eat? A．Plankton. B．Krill. C．Arctic cod. D．The leopard seal. 23．What can we learn from the text? A．Polar bears have white fur all over the body. B．Polar bears have big heads and short tails. C．Polar bears can keep themselves warm. D．Polar bears can live for at least thirty years. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了北极熊的特征和生活习性。 21．细节理解题。根据“Spot a Polar Bear”可知，这张图片是关于北极熊的，北极熊属于动物。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据食物链可知，北极熊的食物是豹纹海豹。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据“Polar bears have thick fat to keep themselves warm.”可知，北极熊有厚厚的脂肪可以保暖。故选C。 B People and dogs have been living together for hundreds of years. When did dogs and people become friends? Where did dogs come from? A group of scientists tried to answer these questions. They just finished a study about the history of dogs. In the study, they looked at the DNA of dogs all over the world and found that dogs, like humans, shared DNA with their family members. The scientists put together a big family tree for dogs. It went all the way back to the animal’s beginning. In this way, scientists learned about the history of dogs. The first dogs lived in Asia. They were born about 33,000 years ago. At first, there were only about 6,400 of them. Their parents were wolves. The new study answers many questions. It raises some too. For example, what caused wolves in Asia to become dogs all those years ago? One idea is that their DNA slowly changed and the wolves became dogs in the end. As time went by, dogs became “man’s best friends”. Or it could happen the other way around. It was possible that some wolves started living with people before they became dogs. Living with people led to many changes to these wolves. It changed their DNA, so their offspring (后代) became dogs. In other words, it was possible that the wolves were our friends before they became dogs. By studying DNA, scientists now have a much better understanding of the history of dogs. ▲ . How exactly dogs came to be our friends is still unknown. 24．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By asking questions. D．By making a comparison. 25．What can we learn about the first dogs according to the passage? A．They lived in Africa. B．They were born 6,400 years ago. C．Their parents were wolves. D．There are about 33,000 dogs. 26．What does the underlined word “some” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．wolves B．dogs C．ideas D．questions 27．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ”? A．However, there is still much to learn B．But we still know little about wolves’ history C．Because we’ve learned about dogs’ friends D．So they can explain when dogs became our friends 【答案】24．C 25．C 26．D 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述科学家通过研究DNA探究狗的起源及与人类结为朋友的相关情况，尽管有了一些认识，但狗究竟如何成为人类朋友仍未可知。 24．推理判断题。根据“When did dogs and people become friends? Where did dogs come from?”可判断这篇文章是通过提问题的方式开启的，故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据“Their parents were wolves.”可知它们的父母是狼，故选C。 26．词句猜测题。根据“The new study answers many questions.”和“For example, what caused wolves in Asia to become dogs all those years ago”可知新研究回答了许多问题，所以猜测“It raises some too”意为“也提出了一些问题”，故选D。 27．推理判断题。根据“By studying DNA, scientists now have a much better understanding of the history of dogs.”和“How exactly dogs came to be our friends is still unknown.”可判断此处应是过渡句，从“对狗的历史有了更好的了解”过渡到“狗究竟如何成为人类的朋友仍未知”，选项A“然而，仍然有许多需要了解的”符合语境，故选A。 C Do Animals Really Sleep for Winter? For people who don’t like winter, animals that hibernate (冬眠) seem to have a great idea. But is hibernation the same as sleeping? Well, in fact, animals that hibernate don’t “sleep” during the winter. Hibernation is very different from what happens when you sleep. During hibernation, metabolism (新陈代谢) slows down greatly. When lemurs (狐猴) hibernate, for example, they slow their heart rates (心率). An active lemur’s heart beats about 200 times a minute. During hibernation, it beats less than eight times a minute. Its breathing (呼吸) slows down too. Hibernating lemurs can go ten minutes without taking a breath. Their brain activity becomes very slow. During sleep, however, animals continue to breathe as usual. According to scientists, hibernation is a way for animals to save energy. However, animals that live in cold areas are not the only ones to hibernate. Some animals hibernate to keep away from hot weather. For some, hibernation is not because of temperatures. Some animals hibernate when there is no food. Echidnas (针鼹), for example, will hibernate after fires. They won’t go back to usual activities until food grows back. Some animals hibernate to stay safe. Animals don’t smell or move much when they hibernate. This makes it hard for other animals to find them and eat them. There are many mammals (哺乳动物) that hibernate. Most of them are small—weigh less than 90 grams. Little animals usually lose heat quickly. It is hard for them to stay warm in winter, so they need to save more energy than larger animals do. We human beings (人类) don’t need hibernation. So, don’t be lazy and lie in bed all day long during the coming winter holiday! 28．What do animals do during hibernation according to the passage? A．They stop breathing. B．They become much thinner. C．They slow their brain activity. D．They breathe more than 8 times a minute. 29．Which picture can show the changes of the heart rates during the animals’ hibernation? A． B． C． D． 30．What does the writer show by using the example of echidnas? A．Hibernation is different from sleeping B．Most mammals don’t need hibernation. C．Metabolism slows down during hibernation. D．Hibernation isn’t always caused by temperatures. 31．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To tell people more about hibernation. B．To tell why human beings don’t need hibernation. C．To tell young people how to save energy in winter. D．To list the differences between hibernation and sleeping. 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物冬眠的相关知识。 28．细节理解题。根据“Their brain activity becomes very slow. During sleep, however, animals continue to breathe as usual.”可知动物冬眠时依然会呼吸，但是大脑活动会减缓。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据“When lemurs (狐猴) hibernate, for example, they slow their heart rates (心率). An active lemur’s heart beats about 200 times a minute. During hibernation, it beats less than eight times a minute.”可知，以狐猴来举例，冬眠时心率会慢下来，活跃时心率约为一分钟200次，冬眠时为一分钟不到8次。故动物冬眠时心率是下降的，故选B。 30．推理判断题。根据“Some animals hibernate when there is no food. Echidnas (针鼹), for example, will hibernate after fires. They won’t go back to usual activities until food grows back.”可知，针鼹冬眠是因为没有食物。这个例子说明动物冬眠不一定是因为温度，还有别的原因。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据“For people who don’t like winter, animals that hibernate (冬眠) seem to have a great idea. But is hibernation the same as sleeping?”可知，本文是为了让人们更加了解动物冬眠的相关知识。故选A。 第二节 (共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分) 阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 The balance of nature is maintained by the harmonious coexistence (和谐共存) of plants and animals. Each species has its own unique role, and some that stand out with superlative features play crucial parts in the ecosystem. The tallest plants on earth—redwoods Redwoods are not only remarkable for their height but also for their longevity (长寿). 32 Their massive trunks and wide-spreading branches create a complex ecosystem within the forest. Many animals find shelter and food in redwood forests. Birds build nests high up in the trees, and small mammals hide in the hollows of the trunks. The fastest land animals—cheetahs Cheetahs are known for their incredible speed. They can reach speeds of up to 120 kilometres per hour, making them the fastest land animals. 33 By preying on small herbivores (食草动物), cheetahs help control their population. This prevents overgrazing of grasslands, keeping grasslands healthy for other species. The most efficient pollinators—bees Bees are small but mighty (强大的) creatures. They are considered the most efficient pollinators in the ecosystem. 34 While collecting nectar, they transfer pollen from flower to flower, enabling plants to produce fruits or seeds. Without bees, a large number of plants and the animals that rely on them would die out, having a bad effect on the entire food chain. The most adaptable animals—rats Rats are often disliked, but they are one of the most adaptable animals on the planet. 35 They can survive in a wide range of environments, from urban areas to the wild. Although they are sometimes seen as pests, they also play a role in the ecosystem by eating organic waste and serving as prey for larger predators. The most important plants for oxygen production—phytoplankton (浮游植物) Phytoplankton are tiny plants that live in the ocean. Despite their small size, they are the most important plants for oxygen production on earth. They produce more oxygen than all the rainforests combined. Through photosynthesis, they produce a significant amount of the oxygen we breathe. They also form the base of the marine food chain, supporting countless sea creatures. A．They can reproduce quickly and adjust to different food sources. B．There are some amazing plants and animals. C．This speed gives them a great advantage in hunting. D．They can live for thousands of years, witnessing the changes of the earth. E．They pollinate most of the world’s flowering plants. 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．E 35．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了自然中不同物种的独特角色与生态作用。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据“The tallest plants on earth—redwoods”部分中“Redwoods are not only remarkable for their height but also for their longevity.”可知，此处应填与红杉树长寿相关的内容。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据“The fastest land animals—cheetahs”和“They can reach speeds of up to 120 kilometres per hour, making them the fastest land animals.”可知，此处应填与猎豹速度优势相关的内容。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据“The most efficient pollinators—bees”和“They are considered the most efficient pollinators in the ecosystem.”可知，此处应填与蜜蜂传粉相关的内容。故选E。 35．细节理解题。根据“The most adaptable animals—rats”和“they are one of the most adaptable animals on the planet.”可知，此处应填与老鼠适应能力相关的内容。故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 When we talk about amazing plants and animals, many people think of rare creatures in faraway rainforests or deep oceans. But you can also find wonderful little lives 36 you. Bees are one of 37 hard-working animals in the world. They fly from flower to flower to collect honey, and they can even tell other bees where food is 38 dancing in special ways. Grass is also an amazing plant: it can grow back very quickly 39 being cut or eaten by animals, so people can make soft football fields and lawns with it. The Venus flytrap is famous 40 a meat-eating plant. Its leaves look like small “traps” with tiny “teeth”. When a fly lands on its leaf, the trap closes in less than a second, and the plant gets nutrition (营养) from the insect. It is 41 stranger than any other common plant you know. Camels are called the “ships of the desert”. They can live in the hot, dry desert 42 they store water in their bodies and their wide feet help them walk easily on sand. Today, many of these amazing plants and animals are in great 43 . People cut down forests, pour dirty water into rivers and catch too many wild animals. We must do something to 44 them. We only have one planet, and every plant and animal is an important part of the 45 world. 36．A．far from B．around C．behind D．above 37．A．more B．most C．the more D．the most 38．A．by B．on C．in D．with 39．A．before B．after C．until D．unless 40．A．as B．for C．to D．with 41．A．very B．so C．much D．too 42．A．but B．because C．so D．though 43．A．danger B．safety C．fun D．surprise 44．A．feed B．catch C．grow D．protect 45．A．human B．natural C．man-made D．modern 【答案】 36．B 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．A 41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．B 【导语】本文介绍了蜜蜂、捕蝇草等神奇动植物，指出它们正面临危险，呼吁人们行动起来，保护自然世界中的每一个生命。 【详解】36．句意：但你也能在你周围发现奇妙的小生命。 空处表示“在你周围”，应用around。far from“远离”、behind“在……后面”、above“在……上方”均不符合空间逻辑。 37．句意：蜜蜂是世界上最勤劳的动物之一。 固定结构“one of + 最高级 + 复数名词”，表示“最……之一”，应用the most。more为比较级，the more不用于此结构。 38．句意：它们从一朵花飞到另一朵花采集花蜜，它们甚至还能通过特殊的舞蹈方式告诉其他蜜蜂食物在哪里。 表示“通过……方式”，应用by。on/in/with在此处无法表达“借助某种手段”。 39．句意：草也是一种神奇的植物：它能在被割或被动物吃掉后很快重新长出来，所以人们可以用它（草）来建造柔软的足球场和草坪。 根据逻辑，草是在被割或吃掉之后重新生长，表示“在……之后”，应用after。before“之前”相反，until/unless逻辑不通。 40．句意：捕蝇草因是食肉植物而闻名。 固定短语be famous as，表示“作为……而出名”，应用as。for表原因，to/with搭配不符。 41．句意：它比你认识的任何其他普通植物都要奇怪得多。 修饰比较级stranger，表示程度，应用much。very/so/too不能修饰比较级。 42．句意：它们能生活在炎热干燥的沙漠中，因为它们在体内储存水分，并且它们宽阔的脚掌帮助它们在沙地上轻松行走。 前后为因果关系，表示“因为”，应用because。but表转折，so表结果，though表让步。 43．句意：如今，许多这样的神奇动植物都处于极大的危险之中。 固定短语in great danger，表示“处于极大的危险中”，应用danger。safety“安全”、fun“乐趣”、surprise“惊讶”均不符。 44．句意：我们必须做些什么来保护它们。 根据上下文，人类应采取措施保护这些动植物，应用protect。feed“喂养”、catch“捕捉”、grow“种植”均不符合保护意图。 45．句意：我们只有一个星球，每一种植物和动物都是自然世界的重要组成部分。 此处表示“自然世界”，应用natural world。human“人类的”、man-made“人造的”、modern“现代的”均不符合语境。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 根据语境或具体提示，补全短文内容。 Mary loved her father’s garden very much. He grew many plants, like 46 (rose)and peonies, with great care. One day, Mary saw 47 lively plant with nice flowers. When she got closer, she noticed it was in dirty soil (土壤). She thought, “This plant is the most beautiful. It should grow in the 48 (clean) place!” Mary took action quickly. She pulled the plant out, washed it, and placed it on a clean stone. Then, she walked away with 49 (happy). Later, Mary’s father came to the garden and saw the plant. Its flowers and leaves were drying out in the hot sun. Just then, Mary 50 (appear) and said to her father excitedly, “Look, Daddy! I cleaned it. It was in dirty soil before.” “ 51 (actual), this plant needs that soil to grow,” her father explained. “ 52 it, the plant might die.” After hearing this, Mary felt 53 (disappoint) with herself. She almost killed the plant. Luckily, she and her father succeeded in 54 (save) it at last. Sometimes the environment (环境) seems bad, but it can make us grow stronger. 55 it may not seem pleasant at first, it helps us become the best we can be. 【答案】 46．roses 47．a 48．cleanest 49．happiness 50．appeared 51．Actually 52．Without 53．disappointed 54．saving 55．Although/Though 【导语】本文讲述Mary因嫌土壤脏而移栽植物，后经父亲解释明白逆境促成长的故事。 【详解】46．句意：他精心种植了许多植物，比如玫瑰和牡丹。rose为可数名词，前无冠词且表示泛指，用复数形式。 47．句意：一天，Mary看到一株长着漂亮花朵的生机勃勃的植物。表示泛指“一株”，lively以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词。   48．句意：它应该生长在最干净的地方。前文提到“the most beautiful”，此处用最高级形式与之呼应。 49．句意：然后她高兴地走开了。介词with后接名词作宾语，用happy的名词形式。 50．句意：就在这时，Mary出现了，兴奋地对父亲说。全文为一般过去时，用appear的过去式，与“said”并列作谓语。 51．句意：实际上，这种植物需要那种土壤才能生长。副词修饰整个句子，位于句首首字母大写，用actual的副词形式。   52．句意：没有它，这株植物可能会死。表示“如果没有”这种土壤，用介词，首字母大写。 53．句意：听完这话，Mary对自己感到失望。主语为人，用disappointed表示“感到失望的”。   54．句意：幸运的是，她和父亲最终成功救活了它。固定搭配“succeed in doing sth.”，用save的动名词形式。   55．句意：虽然一开始可能看起来不那么令人愉快，但它帮助我们成为最好的自己。前后句为让步关系，用Although或Though引导让步状语从句。 第四部分 综合技能 （共两节，满分25分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题 (请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。 Huangshan is one of the most famous mountains in China. It is located in Anhui Province. Every year, millions of people come to visit it. There are four wonders of Huangshan: the strange pines, the rock peaks, the sea of clouds, and the hot springs. The pine trees are very special. They grow on the rocks and look very lively. The sea of clouds is like a white ocean around the mountains. However, with so many visitors, the environment is facing some problems. Some people leave trash on the mountains. This makes the park less beautiful. Now, the government is taking action. They are asking visitors to take their trash with them when they leave. They also plant more trees to protect the soil. Everyone should play a part in keeping Huangshan beautiful. 56．Where is Huangshan located? (不超过5个词) 57．How many wonders are there in Huangshan? (不超过5个词) 58．What is the problem Huangshan is facing? (不超过10个词) 59．What does the government ask visitors to do? (不超过15个词) 60．请将文中画线句子翻译成汉语。 Everyone should play a part in keeping Huangshan beautiful. 【答案】56．In Anhui Province. 57．Four. 58．Some people leave trash on the mountains. 59．Take their trash with them when they leave. 60．每个人都应该在保持黄山美丽方面发挥作用。 【导语】本文介绍了黄山的地理位置、四大奇观、面临的环境污染问题以及政府采取的保护措施和呼吁。 【详解】56．首段明确写道“It is located in Anhui Province.”，答案是原文信息的直接提取。 57．第二段明确写道“There are four wonders of Huangshan: the strange pines, the rock peaks, the sea of clouds, and the hot springs.”，直接说明有四个奇观。 58．第三段明确写道“Some people leave trash on the mountains.”，直接说明了黄山面临的具体问题。 59．第四段明确写道“They are asking visitors to take their trash with them when they leave.”，直接说明了政府的要求。 60．“Everyone should play a part in keeping Huangshan beautiful.”译为“每个人都应该在保持黄山美丽方面发挥作用。”其中“Everyone”译为“每个人”；“play a part in”为固定短语，意为“在……中发挥作用”，后接动名词“keeping”作宾语；“keeping Huangshan beautiful”表示“保持黄山美丽”；“should”为情态动词，译为“应该”。 第二节（满分15分） 61．假如你是林涛，上个暑假去了成都度假，游览了许多地方。请以“My Vacation in Chengdu”为题，写一篇70词左右的游记。 内容包括： 1.  旅游景点（任写两个） 例如：Chengdu Zoo成都动物园，Chunxi Road春熙路，Wuhou Temple武侯祠，People’s Park人民公园，Sichuan Museum四川博物馆等。 2.  天气和活动 3.  感受…… _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文： My Vacation in Chengdu Last summer, I went to Chengdu for a vacation. The weather was hot but not too sunny, perfect for sightseeing. First, I visited Wuhou Temple, where I learned about the history of the Three Kingdoms. Then I went to People’s Park to drink tea and watch people relax by the lake. I also tried some delicious local food like hot pot. The trip was exciting and relaxing. I really enjoyed my time in Chengdu and hope to visit again someday. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，包括旅游景点、天气和活动以及感受，考生应注意不要遗漏这些要点，并适当添加细节，使文章更加生动。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作背景和意图。作者通过“Last summer, I went to Chengdu for a vacation”来引出下文，即自己在成都的旅行经历； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。作者从旅游景点（Wuhou Temple和People’s Park）、天气（hot but not too sunny）和活动（visit Wuhou Temple, drink tea, watch people relax, try local food）几个方面详细介绍了自己在成都的旅行情况； 第三步，书写结语。作者通过“I really enjoyed my time in Chengdu and hope to visit again someday”来表达自己对成都的喜爱和希望再次访问的愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①perfect for sightseeing非常适合观光 ②learn about了解 ③relax by the lake在湖边放松 ④delicious local food美味的当地食物 [高分句型] ①First, I visited Wuhou Temple, where I learned about the history of the Three Kingdoms.（定语从句） ②Then I went to People’s Park to drink tea and watch people relax by the lake.（动词不定式作目的状语） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $