暑期集中练01 题型重点突破 阅读理解：说明文-题型易-2026-2027学年高二英语人教版选必一Unit 1 People of Achievement

**基本信息** 以“文本特征-题型-方法”三维体系构建说明文阅读突破路径，融合解题指导与名校真题，系统培养信息获取、逻辑推理及主旨归纳能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |解题指导|5类题材+5大题型|总分结构分析、题文同序原则、绝对词排除法|从文本结构特征到题型分类，建立“特征识别-题型匹配”逻辑链| |答题技巧|4类题型+8个真题案例|关键词定位法、逻辑词猜词法、主旨公式（主体+价值）|按题型拆解方法，通过具体案例（如曹原成就、AI模型）实现技巧迁移| |真题训练|12篇名校期末/模拟题|分层训练（基础-提升-拓展）|覆盖人物成就、前沿科技等高频题材，强化语言能力与思维品质|

暑期 · 题型突破 集中练01阅读理解（说明文） 选必一 题型重点突破（人教版） （解题指导+名校真题） 一、解题指导：阅读理解（说明文） 1. 行文结构清晰：总分总 / 总分结构，首段引出核心对象、中间分点介绍背景、过程、优势 / 弊端、末段讲前景、价值、意义；段落间多有逻辑词（however, besides, but, looking ahead）分层。 2. 题材固定：分为人物成就、前沿科技、自然艺术、健康科普、文学文化五类，文本客观陈述事实，极少主观抒情。 3. 题型标准化：固定考查细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、标题归纳五类题型，严格遵循题文同序原则，题目顺序与行文顺序基本一致。 4. 作答准则：先题后文，依托原文找依据，拒绝主观臆断；细节题匹配同义改写，推理不可照搬原文；含 only/all 等绝对限定词的选项优先排除。 二、答题技巧 1. 信息获取（细节理解题，占比最高） 关键词定位法：圈画题干专有名词、数字、人名、时间、核心动词，快速锁定原文句子； 例：Passage4 第 1 小题题干出现 Cao Yuan、2018，直接定位第二段原文作答。人物类细节抓人物初心、关键成就；科技流程题抓取 after/then 梳理操作步骤，如 Passage2 第三段蜜蜂创作流程。 2. 细节推断（推理、态度题） 基于原文适度延伸，原文直白表述不做答案；借助褒贬词汇判断作者态度，Passage2 第 4 题通过文末正面评价判定作者持赞赏态度；人物品质题结合事例推导，如 Passage4 用曹原实验受挫仍坚持推出勤奋坚韧。 3. 词义猜测题 依靠冒号、转折、并列逻辑猜词，Passage1 第 3 题 disruptor、Passage5 第 1 题 downsides 均通过后文解释得出词义；依托后文动作反推形容词，如 Passage3 第 2 题 wary 借助 kept their distance 判断为谨慎。 4. 主旨与标题 段落主旨抓段首句，全文主旨整合核心主体 + 核心价值，人物说明文公式：人物 + 成就 + 行业影响，对应 Passage1、3、4；标题需兼顾主体与核心作用，人物标题优先选用人物 + 身份格式，科技类突出技术功能，排除只谈局部、只铺垫问题的片面选项。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）In January 2025, an announcement from a little-known Chinese AI startup sent shock waves through the global tech industry. DeepSeek, founded by former finance investor Liang Wenfeng released its R1 reasoning model, a system that matched the performance of leading closed-source AI tools (such as OpenAI’s GPT-4) but at a small portion of the cost. For Nature’s 2025 “Nature’s 10” list, we recognize Liang as a tech disruptor whose work has rewritten the rules of the global AI race. Liang, 40, began his career in quantitative finance, where he developed algorithms for stock market prediction. He turned to AI in 2023, founding DeepSeek to “popularize access to advanced reasoning systems”, after growing frustrated by the high cost of cutting-edge AI tools. His team, a group of 35 researchers, built R1 with a total development budget of $6 million — less than 10% of the cost of competitors like Meta’s Llama 3. The model’s performance was a stunning success. In independent tests, R1 scored 89.2 on the MMLU reasoning standard (matching GPT-4’s 89.7), and outperformed it on coding tasks. What made the breakthrough ground-breaking, however, was Liang’s decision to open-source R1’s weights — a first for a system of this level. Within weeks, the model was downloaded 1.2 million times, with researchers adapting it to fields from drug discovery to climate modeling. “DeepSeek’s open model has been a boon for small teams and academics who could never afford to build such tools themselves,” says Benjamin Lee, a former researcher at Hugging Face. The move also forced Western rivals to shift strategy: within three months, Google and Anthropic released their own partially open models, accelerating global AI collaboration. For Liang, the goal remains simple: “AI should be a tool for everyone, not just the wealthy few.” As Nature’s 2025 “Nature’s 10” profile concludes: “Liang’s work has not just built a better AI model, it has proven that flexibility, collaboration, and a commitment to openness can outpace even the deepest pockets.” 1. What can we infer from the first paragraph about DeepSeek’s R1 model? A．It has surpassed GPT-4 as the leading AI tool globally. B．It has altered the competitive pattern of the global AI industry. C．It was developed with a much higher cost than closed-source AI tools. D．It was the AI model to be included in Nature’s 2025 “Nature’s 10” list. 2. Why did Liang Wenfeng switch from quantitative finance to AI research? A．He failed to achieve success in the financial field. B．He wanted to make advanced AI accessible to more people. C．He was invited by a group of AI researchers to found DeepSeek. D．He found stock market prediction algorithms less challenging. 3. The underlined word “disruptor” in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A．someone who preserves traditional rules B．someone who interrupts and changes an industry C．someone who invests heavily in a new business field D．someone who supports new technological development 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．Liang Wenfeng’s experience in quantitative finance helps his AI research. B．DeepSeek’s R1 model has been widely applied in various scientific fields. C．Liang Wenfeng’s open-source AI model reshapes the global AI landscape. D．The development of AI has led to fierce competition among global tech companies. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了梁文锋的开源AI模型R1重塑了全球AI格局。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“For Nature’s 2025 “Nature’s 10” list, we recognize Liang as a tech disruptor whose work has written the rules of the global AI race. (在《自然》杂志2025年的“自然十人”榜单中，我们将梁文锋视为科技disruptor，他的工作为全球AI竞赛重新书写了规则。)”可知，DeepSeek的R1模型改变了全球AI产业的竞争格局。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“He turned to AI in 2023, founding DeepSeek to “popularize access to advanced reasoning systems”, after growing frustrated by the high cost of cutting-edge AI tools. (2023年，由于对尖端AI工具的高昂成本感到沮丧，他转向人工智能领域，创立了DeepSeek，旨在“普及对先进推理系统的使用”。)”可知，梁文锋从量化金融转向人工智能研究是因为他想让更多人能够使用先进的AI。故选B项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“For Nature’s 2025 “Nature’s 10” list, we recognize Liang as a tech disruptor whose work has written the rules of the global AI race. (在《自然》杂志2025年的“自然十人”榜单中，我们将梁文锋视为科技disruptor，他的工作为全球AI竞赛制定了规则。)”以及倒数第二段“The move also forced Western rivals to shift strategy: within three months, Google and Anthropic released their own partially open models, accelerating global AI collaboration.(此举还迫使西方竞争对手改变战略：在三个月内，谷歌和Anthropic发布了自己的部分开放模型，加速了全球人工智能合作)”可知，他的开源模型促使西方竞争对手改变策略，加速了全球AI合作，disruptor指的是“颠覆者，改变行业的人”。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了梁文锋创立DeepSeek，开发出开源的R1模型，该模型性能优异且成本低，改变了全球AI产业的竞争格局，加速了全球AI合作，即梁文锋的开源AI模型重塑了全球AI格局。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·四川成都·期末）Toronto-based artist Ava Roth is unlike other cooperative artists: instead of working with people,she works with bees. As a painter, embroiderer (刺绣师) and mixed-media artist, she has spent the past decade experimenting with the unique medium of honeycomb (蜂巢). In her latest collection, Roth employs the help of local honeybees to create amazing pieces that perfectly represent the co-existence of human beings and nature. Her works combine various man-made materials with the complex pattern of a raw honeycomb. During the cooperation, Roth’s part of work comes in the form of art picture hung in embroidery circles. Using her mastery of embroidery techniques, she creates designs with thread and locally found materials, such as wood, plants and horsehair. After she arranges these elements to her liking, Roth then attaches the circle to beekeeping frames and places it in a bee box. Over time, thousands of bees fill the frame with honeycomb, changing the piece into its final, fascinating form. The artistic cooperation between the honeybees and Roth's creativity results in a unique and original work of art. Her direct cooperation with bees is just one aspect of her work. Roth also uses honeycomb in other collections like sewn paintings, embroidery, and works on paper. In her work, Roth integrates the theme of the human relationship to the natural world, reflecting on how people shape nature to meet their needs and imagining a more beautiful outcome of our encounter. Nowadays honeybee populations have been facing a growing decline worldwide, caused by factors such as climate change, habitat loss and pesticides. Roth raises awareness of this extraordinary species’ depopulation through her unique practice, exhibiting their exceptional architectural abilities and essential role in human life. 1. What is special about Ava Roth’s artistic practice? A．She focuses on the theme of nature. B．She employs bees to create artworks. C．She doesn’t cooperate with other artists. D．She only uses natural materials for her art. 2. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．The design of different elements. B．The complex results of art making. C．The difficulty in bonding with bees. D．The unique process of art creation. 3. What is a main theme explored in Roth’s artworks? A．The history of embroidery techniques. B．The architectural styles of urban cities. C．The process of industrial food production. D．The relationship between humans and nature. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward Roth’s work? A．Strongly critical and dismissive. B．Neutral and really objective. C．Clearly appreciative and positive. D．Deeply confused and uncertain. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家Ava Roth独特的艺术创作方式，她与蜜蜂合作，利用蜂巢作为创作媒介，创作出展现人与自然共存的艺术作品，同时她还通过作品提高人们对蜜蜂数量减少问题的认识。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Toronto-based artist Ava Roth is unlike other cooperative artists: instead of working with people, she works with bees. (多伦多艺术家Ava Roth与其他合作艺术家不同：她不与人合作，而是与蜜蜂合作。)”以及第二段“In her latest collection, Roth employs the help of local honeybees to create amazing pieces that perfectly represent the co-existence of human beings and nature. (在她最新的系列作品中，Roth借助当地蜜蜂的帮助，创作出令人惊叹的作品，完美地代表了人类与自然的共存。)”可知，Ava Roth艺术创作的特别之处在于她借助蜜蜂来创作艺术品。故选B项。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“During the cooperation, Roth’s part of work comes in the form of art picture hung in embroidery circles. Using her mastery of embroidery techniques, she creates designs with thread and locally found materials, such as wood, plants and horsehair. After she arranges these elements to her liking, Roth then attaches the circle to beekeeping frames and places it in a bee box. Over time, thousands of bees fill the frame with honeycomb, changing the piece into its final, fascinating form. (在合作过程中，Roth的工作以挂在刺绣圈中的艺术图片的形式呈现。她运用精湛的刺绣技巧，用线和当地找到的材料，如木头、植物和马毛，创作出图案。在她按照自己的喜好排列好这些元素后，Roth将刺绣圈固定在养蜂架上，然后将其放入蜂箱。随着时间的推移，成千上万的蜜蜂用蜂巢填满框架，将作品变成最终迷人的形式。)”可知，本段主要介绍了Ava Roth与蜜蜂合作创作艺术品的独特过程。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In her work, Roth integrates the theme of the human relationship to the natural world, reflecting on how people shape nature to meet their needs and imaging a more beautiful outcome of our encounter. (在她的作品中，Roth融合了人类与自然世界关系的主题，反思了人们如何塑造自然以满足自己的需求，并想象我们相遇后更美好的结果。)”可知，Roth作品探索的主要主题是人类与自然的关系。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Roth raises awareness of this extraordinary species’ depopulation through her unique practice, exhibiting their exceptional architectural abilities and essential role in human life. (Roth通过她独特的实践，提高了人们对这种非凡物种数量减少的认识，展示了它们非凡的建筑能力和在人类生活中的重要作用。)”可知，作者对Roth的作品持赞赏和积极的态度，认为她的作品很有意义。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·江西上饶·阶段检测）Jane Goodall, a world-famous primatologist (灵长类动物学家), dedicated her life to studying chimpanzees. Born in London in 1934, she fell in love with animals as a child — her father gave her a toy chimpanzee named Jubilee at two, and she spent hours observing birds and insects in her backyard. After high school, Goodall saved money for an African trip by working as a secretary. In 1957, she met renowned anthropologist Louis Leakey in Kenya. Impressed by her curiosity, Leakey offered her a job studying chimpanzees in Tanzania’s Gombe Stream National Park — even though few believed a woman without a college degree could do serious scientific research. In 1960, Goodall arrived in Gombe. Living alone in a small camp, she woke early to follow chimpanzee groups. At first, the chimpanzees were wary of her and kept their distance, but her patience won their trust. A key breakthrough came when she saw a chimpanzee use a twig to fish for termites — challenging the belief that only humans make and use tools. Over the years, her research revealed chimpanzees have complex social structures and feel emotions like joy and grief. She also raised awareness about protecting their habitats, threatened by deforestation and poaching. Today, in her late 80s, Goodall still travels the world advocating for wildlife conservation and runs the Jane Goodall Institute, supporting projects in over 30 countries. Her story shows curiosity and perseverance can lead to extraordinary achievements. 1. What inspired Jane Goodall to study animals? A．A college course on primates B．Her toy chimpanzee and childhood observations C．A meeting with Louis Leakey in Kenya D．A trip to Gombe Stream National Park 2. What does the underlined word “wary” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．cautious B．afraid C．doubtful D．curious 3. We can infer from the passage that Louis Leakey was ______. A．A strict boss who demanded perfect results B．An open-minded person who valued potential C．A scientist who doubted women’s research abilities D．A primatologist who studied chimpanzees in Gombe 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．Jane Goodall’s research changed people’s understanding of chimpanzees B．The challenges Jane Goodall faced as a female scientist C．The importance of protecting chimpanzee habitats D．Jane Goodall’s life and her contributions to science and conservation 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了简・古道尔从小热爱动物，在利基帮助下研究黑猩猩，发现它们会使用工具、有复杂情感。她终身致力于野生动物保护，用好奇与坚持取得非凡成就。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Born in London in 1934, she fell in love with animals as a child — her father gave her a toy chimpanzee named Jubilee at two, and she spent hours observing birds and insects in her backyard.(她于1934年出生在伦敦，从小就对动物产生了浓厚的兴趣——两岁时，父亲送给她一个名为朱比利的玩具黑猩猩，此后她便在自家后院花大量时间观察鸟类和昆虫)”可知，玩具黑猩猩以及儿时的观察经历促使简·古道尔去研究动物。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“kept their distance(保持距离)”可知，黑猩猩们和她保持距离，说明一开始很谨慎。故划线词意思是“谨慎的”。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Impressed by her curiosity, Leakey offered her a job studying chimpanzees in Tanzania’s Gombe Stream National Park — even though few believed a woman without a college degree could do serious scientific research.(由于对她的好奇心印象深刻，利基给了她一份在坦桑尼亚戈姆贝溪国家公园研究黑猩猩的工作——尽管当时几乎没有人相信一个没有大学学历的女性能够从事严肃的科学研究)”可知，路易斯·利基是一个思想开放且重视潜力的人。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Jane Goodall, a world-famous primatologist (灵长类动物学家), dedicated her life to studying chimpanzees. Born in London in 1934, she fell in love with animals as a child — her father gave her a toy chimpanzee named Jubilee at two, and she spent hours observing birds and insects in her backyard.(简·古道尔是一位享誉全球的灵长类动物学家，她一生致力于研究黑猩猩。她于1934年出生在伦敦，自幼就对动物充满喜爱——两岁时，她的父亲送给她一个名为朱比利的玩具黑猩猩，并且她还常常在自家后院观察鸟类和昆虫)”结合文章主要说明了简·古道尔从小热爱动物，在利基帮助下研究黑猩猩，发现它们会使用工具、有复杂情感。她终身致力于野生动物保护，用好奇与坚持取得非凡成就。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是简·古道尔的生活以及她对科学和环境保护所做出的贡献。故选D。 Passage 4 （2026·四川宜宾·二模）Recently, the list for the 2026 Sloan Research Fellowships was announced in the United States. Chinese young scientist Cao Yuan has been awarded this well-known honor. Cao Yuan, born in 1996 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, graduated from University of Science and Technology of China in 2014. In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度). Nature on March 5 published two major papers by Cao. It was the first time that Nature released two continuous articles with the same first author. Cao became the youngest Chinese who published an article in Nature. The discovery was a breakthrough in the area of condensed matter physics and received worldwide attention. Every year, Nature releases an issue highlighting the “ten people who mattered.” The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year. The year of 2018, the cover referred to Cao’s contributions. Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.” Humble about his achievements, Cao once said, “I just skipped some boring stuff in middle school.” He advises, “Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.” This mixture of modesty and perseverance defines his inspiring journey. 1. What honor did Cao Yuan receive in 2018? A．The most influential author. B．The Sloan Research Fellowship. C．The title of the youngest professor. D．One of Nature’s 10 people who mattered. 2. What can be inferred about Nature magazine? A．It only publishes work by young scientists. B．Its cover signals the year’s key scientific advances. C．It awards prizes to the most influential researchers. D．It focuses mainly on Chinese scientific achievements. 3. Which of the following best describes Cao Yuan? A．Diligent and persevering. B．Cautious and moody. C．Indifferent and impatient. D．Humble and dependent. 4. What message do Cao Yuan’s words in the last paragraph convey? A．Youth is wasted on the young. B．Luck is when preparation meets opportunity. C．The road to success is paved with steady small steps. D．Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍中国青年科学家曹原获2026斯隆奖，他年少成名，在石墨烯领域取得重大突破，勤奋坚韧且谦逊，告诫人们脚踏实地方能走向成功。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度).( 2018年，22岁的曹因在石墨烯超导角度方面的一项重大发现而被《自然》杂志评为当年最具影响力的科学家)”可知，曹原在2018年被列为“《自然》杂志评出的十大人物”之一。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year.(封面总是印着一个巨大的数字“10”。其设计和图案则取决于当年的重大科学进展)”可知，该杂志的封面会展示当年最重要的科学成果。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.”(曹原对科学的热爱很早就显现出来：小时候，他就喜欢买电子元件研究电路。他的天赋与勤奋令导师们印象深刻，其中曾长淦教授回忆道，曹原在本科期间就撰写了一篇 PRB 理论论文。他认为曹原非常优秀、积极主动。除了才华出众，曹原还极具毅力。《自然》杂志评价道：“尽管博士初期遭遇挫折，因实验事故导致六个月的努力付诸东流，但他只是挽起袖子，继续埋头钻研。”)”可知，曹原勤奋且坚韧不拔。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.(那些每一步都认真走的人来说，未来一定会很美好)”可知，他的话表明成功之路是由一系列稳健的小步骤铺就的。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·贵州贵阳·期末）Most Antarctic stations depend on diesel-powered (柴油驱动的) generators, but relying on diesel fuel has downsides: it is difficult and costly to transport heavy liquid fuel to such a remote location. And oil leaks also damage Antarctica’s ecosystem. “While other energy systems are designed to work above-30℃, the temperatures in Antarctic stations are often much lower,” Sun, a Chinese researcher, notes. To overcome those difficulties, Sun and his team developed a number of Antarctica-ready renewable energy systems. But perhaps the most significant step the team took was using hydrogen (氢) energy to help power the Qinling station through the long and dark winter. So how does that happen? A device called an electrolyzer is powered by wind and solar energy to break down water molecules (分子) into oxygen and hydrogen. Then the hydrogen is directed into an electrochemical device, where it reacts with oxygen from the air to produce electricity, with only water and heat as by-products. While the water is recycled to use in further electrolysis (电解) , the heat is stored to warm up the electrolyzer when it becomes too cold to run. In this way, the system can keep the entire base working for around 48 hours. The renewable system can currently produce 60 percent of the overall supply of Qinling’s energy system when it’s running at full power, with the remaining 40 percent coming from diesel. But Sun and his team are determined to raise that percentage and to bring clean-energy systems to other Chinese polar bases as well. 1. What does the underlined word “downsides” mean? A．Disadvantages. B．Benefits. C．Mistakes. D．Doubts. 2. After the electricity is produced, the heat is stored to ______. A．help in further electrolysis B．keep the electrolyzer running C．increase the storage of hydrogen D．reduce the needs for wind and solar 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Diesel has fallen out of use currently. B．Developing other new energy is a must. C．Promoting the new system is expensive. D．The hydrogen system may see wider use. 4. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Working Principle of Electrolyzer. B．A Team’s Adventure in Antarctica. C．Clean Energy for Antarctic Stations. D．Problems of Traditional Energy. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科研团队为解决南极科考站依赖柴油发电的弊端，研发出适用于南极环境的氢能等可再生能源系统，并说明了其工作原理与应用前景。 【详解】1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Most Antarctic stations depend on diesel-powered (柴油驱动的) generators, but relying on diesel fuel has downsides: it is difficult and costly to transport heavy liquid fuel to such a remote location. And oil leaks also damage Antarctica’s ecosystem.(大多数南极科考站都依赖柴油发电机供电，但使用柴油存在downsides：将沉重的液态燃料运送到如此偏远的地点既困难又成本高昂，而且石油泄漏还会破坏南极的生态系统。)”可知，冒号后说明了依赖柴油发电的弊端，因此“downsides”意为“缺点、弊端”，与disadvantages“缺点”含义一致。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“While the water is recycled to use in further electrolysis (电解) , the heat is stored to warm up the electrolyzer when it becomes too cold to run.(水会被回收用于后续的电解，而产生的热量则会被储存起来，以便在电解槽因温度过低而无法运行时为其升温。)”可知，产生电力后储存的热量是为了维持电解槽的运行。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“But sun and his team are determined to raise that percentage and to bring clean-energy systems to other Chinese polar bases as well.(但是孙和他的团队决心提高这一比例，并将清洁能源系统推广到中国其他极地科考站。)”可知，这套氢能系统可能会得到更广泛的应用。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Most Antarctic stations depend on diesel-powered (柴油驱动的) generators, but relying on diesel fuel has downsides: it is difficult and costly to transport heavy liquid fuel to such a remote location. And oil leaks also damage Antarctica’s ecosystem.(大多数南极科考站都依赖柴油发电机供电，但使用柴油存在弊端：将沉重的液态燃料运送到如此偏远的地点既困难又成本高昂，而且石油泄漏还会破坏南极的生态系统。)”以及第二段“To overcome those difficulties, Sun and his team developed a number of Antarctica-ready renewable energy systems.(为克服这些困难，孙和他的团队研发了多种适用于南极的可再生能源系统。)”可知，文章开篇点明南极科考站依赖柴油的弊端，接着介绍中国团队研发的氢能清洁能源系统，全文围绕“为南极科考站提供清洁能源”这一核心展开，最适合的标题是“Clean Energy for Antarctic Stations(南极科考站的清洁能源)”。故选C。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·广西北海·期末）It was a century before the Computer Age began. Ada Lovelace had imagined the modern-day computer. The model was never built. However, Lovelace’s writings helped her become famous. People now consider the woman the world’s first computer programmer. The programme Lovelace wrote was to calculate an important number. However, the woman’s deeper influence was to see the potential of computing. The computer could go beyond calculating numbers, she wrote, to be used to create music and art. Later, this idea became the key concept of the Information Age. Lovelace was born in 1815 into a wealthy family. She showed an interest in math and mechanics (机械学) from a young age. With her mother’s help, Lovelace made friends with big thinkers of the day. When she was 17, she was introduced to the British inventor Charles Babbage. In the two decades that followed, the two kept writing to each other to discuss math and science. In 1843, when she was 27, Lovelace wrote her most influential article about computer science. She described how the computer would work and included a formula (公式) for calculating an important number. The formula is considered as the first computer programme. She also imagined a future in which computers could do jobs faster than humans. In many industries, Lovelace wrote, computers would supersede human workers. Now, people celebrate Lovelace’s achievements every year. Ada Lovelace Day is held on the second Tuesday of every October. Lovelace’s stories have been passed down from generation to generation. People use them to encourage young girls to do well in science subjects. There is no reason why girls can’t become successful scientists. Just remember the world’s first computer programmer was a woman! 1. What is the key concept of the Information Age? A．The computer will be used to write articles. B．The computer is mostly allowed to design artworks. C．The computer is capable of more than calculation. D．The computer can create better music than musicians. 2. How did Lovelace get the chance to make friends with big thinkers? A．By asking her classmates for help. B．Thanks to her mother’s assistance. C．Through her teacher’s introduction. D．By writing letters to experts. 3. What does the underlined word “supersede” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Take the place of. B．Take the benefit of. C．Take the use of. D．Take the meaning of. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How Ada Lovelace Changed the World B．The Life of a Famous Woman Scientist C．Ada Lovelace and Her Inventions D．Ada Lovelace: First Computer Programmer 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界上第一位计算机程序员Ada Lovelace的故事，包括她对计算机发展的设想、她的成长经历以及她的贡献对后世的影响，人们通过设立纪念日等方式纪念她，并借此鼓励年轻女孩投身科学领域。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The computer could go beyond calculating numbers, she wrote, to be used to create music and art. Later, this idea became the key concept of the Information Age.(她写道，计算机可以超越数字计算，用于创作音乐和艺术。后来，这个想法成了信息时代的关键概念。)”可知，信息时代的关键概念是计算机可以超越数字计算。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“With her mother’s help, Lovelace made friends with big thinkers of the day.(在她母亲的帮助下，Lovelace与当时的伟大思想家们交上了朋友。)”可知，Lovelace是通过母亲的帮助才有机会与伟大思想家们交朋友的。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“She also imagined a future in which computers could do jobs faster than humans.(她还设想了这样一个未来：在这个未来里，计算机的工作速度会比人类更快。)”可知，计算机将会取代人类劳动者，此处supersede意为“取代”，与take the place of(取代)意思相同。故选A。 4. 标题归纳题。根据第一段“However, Lovelace’s writings helped her become famous. People now consider the woman the world’s first computer programmer.(然而，Lovelace的著作让她声名鹊起。如今，人们将这位女性视为世界上第一位计算机程序员。)”以及下文围绕Ada Lovelace展开，重点讲述她在计算机领域的开创性贡献——编写了首个计算机程序，被公认为“世界上第一位计算机程序员”。选项“Ada Lovelace: First Computer Programmer(Ada Lovelace：世界首位计算机程序员)”直接点明核心身份与成就，贴合主旨。故选D。 Passage 7 （2026·广西南宁·一模）A group of Chinese researchers and clinical neurologists has made a new breakthrough in brain-computer interface (BCI) (脑机接口) technology, enabling 10 individuals to communicate complex Chinese sentences through their thoughts alone. The technology, currently in clinical trials, offers new hope for patients with speech loss due to conditions such as stroke. Scientists from Shanghai-based startup INSIDE and Huashan Hospital implanted electrodes (电极) into participants with epilepsy (癫痫). After an average of just 100 minutes of training, their custom-built intelligent system read and interpreted brain activities associated with the intended speech of 54 Chinese characters in real time. Training on those characters then enabled the system to interpret 1,951 common words correctly and generate complete Chinese sentences in less than half a second, with virtually no length limit. “Unlike English’s basic speech sounds, Chinese involves over 400 different syllables,” explains Li Meng, INSIDE’s chief scientist. The team trained on data from the world’s largest human brainwave database built by Huashan Hospital, and the AI identified basic sounds of speech with over 83 percent accuracy, according to Li. Looking ahead, researchers envision the interpreted text allowing users to control smart environments, or even generate expressive artworks through generative AI systems. Huashan Hospital has played a key role in brain-computer interface clinical trials. In August 2024, neurosurgeons at the Hospital implanted a 256-channel flexible BCI device designed by the Shanghai-based NeuroXess into a 21-year-old female patient with epilepsy. Within 48 hours, the patient successfully engaged in table tennis and snake computer games through brain control. In June 2025, a Chinese man who had lost his arms and legs in a terrible accident 13 years ago was shown playing chess and racing games using only his mind. This followed the implantation of a BCI device developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Recognizing BCI as a strategic future industry, Shanghai aims to achieve high-quality brain control and fully integrate BCI products into clinical applications by 2030. 1. What can be learned about BCI technology from Paragraph 1? A．It improves communication skills. B．It translates thoughts into sentences. C．It helps to treat stroke patients. D．It serves as a Chinese learning tool. 2. Which of the following best describes the training? A．Traditional. B．Personalized. C．Thorough. D．Efficient. 3. Why does the author mention the two examples in Paragraph 4? A．To explain the working process of BCI. B．To show the promising future of BCI. C．To describe the history of Huashan Hospital. D．To display the variety of BCI devices. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A．AI: Controlling Games with Mind B．INSIDE: Building BCI Industry C．Implants: Reading Brain Signals D．BCI: Giving Voice to Thought 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国研究团队在脑机接口（BCI）技术上的新突破，该技术可将大脑想法转化为完整中文句子，为失语患者带来新希望，并展现了其广阔的应用前景。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A group of Chinese researchers and clinical neurologists has made a new breakthrough in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, enabling 10 individuals to communicate complex Chinese sentences through their thoughts alone.(一组中国研究人员和临床神经学家在脑机接口（BCI）技术上取得了新突破，使10个人仅通过思维就能交流复杂的中文句子。)”可知，BCI技术可以将思维转化为句子。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“After an average of just 100 minutes of training, their custom-built intelligent system read and interpreted brain activities associated with the intended speech of 54 Chinese characters in real time.(经过平均仅100分钟的训练，他们定制的智能系统就能实时读取和解读与54个汉字目标发音相关的大脑活动。)”可知，仅用100分钟训练就实现了高效转化，说明训练是高效的。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Within 48 hours, the patient successfully engaged in table tennis and snake computer games through brain control.(在48小时内，患者成功通过大脑控制参与了乒乓球和贪吃蛇电脑游戏。)”和“In June 2025, a Chinese man who had lost his arms and legs in a terrible accident 13 years ago was shown playing chess and racing games using only his mind.(2025年6月，一名13年前在一场严重事故中失去四肢的中国男子被展示仅用意念下棋和玩赛车游戏。)”可知，这两个例子展示了BCI技术在不同场景下的应用，以此体现其广阔的未来前景。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A group of Chinese researchers and clinical neurologists has made a new breakthrough in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, enabling 10 individuals to communicate complex Chinese sentences through their thoughts alone.(一组中国研究人员和临床神经学家在脑机接口（BCI）技术上取得了新突破，使10个人仅通过思维就能交流复杂的中文句子。)”可知，全文围绕BCI技术展开，核心是该技术能将大脑中的想法转化为可交流的句子和可执行的动作。D选项“BCI: Giving Voice to Thought(BCI：为思维赋予声音)”最能概括文章主旨，既点明了技术名称，又体现了其核心功能。故选D。 Passage 8 （24-25高二上·广东深圳·期末）Global sea levels continue to rise, posing a significant threat to coastal populations worldwide. Faced with two major threats: ongoing sea-level rise and predictions that 36.6 million people in Asian coastal cities could face annual flooding by 2070, Luca Curci Architects proposed the Floating City as a groundbreaking solution. This design allows urban areas to adapt to rising waters, directly addressing these growing disasters. The proposed city is a wonder of modern design. Structurally, each 25-acre unit houses up to 50,000 residents, with its buildings kept at a height of under 90 meters for stability. Using seawater-resistant materials, these structures are also designed to be flexible, much like bamboo, to resist waves. Energy-wise, the project plans to use a mix of renewable energy sources, getting power from wind, water, and the sun to power the city. A key innovation is its safety system: during extreme weather, platforms can automatically separate and regroup using a system inspired by how groups of fish avoid predators. The project also offers significant environmental advantages. A 2023 study by the Marine Future Institute suggests that, compared to building artificial islands, this floating method protects up to 68% more of the marine ecosystem. Furthermore, its closed-loop system is expected to reduce carbon emissions by over 90%compared to a land-based city of a similar size. However, despite these benefits, significant challenges remain. Financially, the initial construction cost is estimated to be 30% higher than traditional land-based developments. Technologically, the constant exposure to seawater damages materials, with research indicating that up to 15% of a platform’s surface could require repair annually. Moreover, comprehensive emergency plans for events such as tsunamis are still in development. “This isn’t about abandoning coasts,” notes designer Tim Fu, “but evolving with them.” While its long-term success is still debated, the design redefines urban strength under challenging situations. Unlike rigid sea walls that fight against nature, these dynamic structures are designed to harmonize with oceanic rhythms. “Cities must learn to dance with the waves,” Curci concludes. This philosophy could transform humanity’s relationship with rising seas, turning a threat into a sustainable opportunity. 1. What drove Luca Curci Architects to come up with a new design? A．Energy crisis. B．Potential disasters. C．Tourism expansion. D．Overcrowded cities. 2. Which of the following best describes Luca Curci’s design? A．Adaptable and innovative. B．Fictional and renewable. C．Eco-friendly and immovable. D．Wave-resistant and conventional. 3. A major limitation of the Floating City project is that ______. A．its carbon emissions are higher than land-based cities B．it negatively impacts marine life more than artificial islands C．its structures require regular repair due to seawater exposure D．its emergency planning for tsunamis is fully completed 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Ocean Protection: Life under Threat. B．Rising with the Tides: Floating Cities. C．Connecting to the Future: Eco Solutions. D．Coastal Design: Inspiration from Bamboo. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Luca Curci建筑事务所为应对海平面上升带来的沿海灾害威胁，提出的“漂浮城市”设计方案，阐述了该设计的结构特点、环保优势，同时分析了其面临的挑战，并点明该设计体现的与自然和谐共生的城市建设理念。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Faced with two major threats: ongoing sea-level rise and predictions that 36.6 million people in Asian coastal cities could face annual flooding by 2070, Luca Curci Architects proposed the Floating City as a groundbreaking solution.(面对两大主要威胁：持续的海平面上升，以及到2070年亚洲沿海城市将有3660万人可能面临年度洪水的预测，Luca Curci建筑事务所提出了‘漂浮城市’这一开创性的解决方案。)”可知，潜在的灾害促使该事务所推出新设计。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第一段“This design allows urban areas to adapt to rising waters, directly addressing these growing disasters.(该设计使城市区域能够适应不断上升的水位，直接应对这些日益严重的灾害。)”以及第二段“A key innovation is its safety system: during extreme weather, platforms can automatically separate and regroup using a system inspired by how groups of fish avoid predators.(其关键创新点在于安全系统：极端天气下，平台能借鉴鱼群躲避捕食者的方式自动分离并重新组合。)”可知，该设计兼具适应性与创新性。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Technologically, the constant exposure to seawater damages materials, with research indicating that up to 15% of a platform’s surface could require repair annually.(在技术层面，持续暴露在海水中会损坏材料，研究表明平台表面每年可能有高达15%的部分需要维修。)”可知，该项目的一大局限是结构因受海水侵蚀需定期维修。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Faced with two major threats: ongoing sea-level rise and predictions that 36.6 million people in Asian coastal cities could face annual flooding by 2070, Luca Curci Architects proposed the Floating City as a groundbreaking solution.(面对两大主要威胁：持续的海平面上升，以及到2070年亚洲沿海城市将有3660万人可能面临年度洪水的预测，Luca Curci建筑事务所提出了‘漂浮城市’这一开创性的解决方案。)”以及第五段“Unlike rigid sea walls that fight against nature, these dynamic structures are designed to harmonize with oceanic rhythms. ‘Cities must learn to dance with the waves,’ Curci concludes.(与对抗自然的刚性海堤不同，这些动态结构旨在与海洋节奏和谐共生。Curci总结道：‘城市必须学会与海浪共舞。’)”可知，文章核心是介绍随潮汐发展的漂浮城市设计。B“随潮而起：漂浮的城市。”符合主题，适合用作标题，故选B。 Passage 9 （25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty frightening. We know the risk of dementia（痴呆症）increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss. After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts become smaller, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow. Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning, Daffner says. When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's “a red flag that something more serious may be involved”. Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you' ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong. But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications（药物）like antidepressants. You don't have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive（认知的）reserve, Daffner says. “Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster. 1. Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips? A．Not all of them are related to one's age. B．Not all of them are symptoms of dementia. C．They occur only among certain groups of people. D．They are quite common among fifty-year-old people. 2. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously? A．Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines. B．Inability to recall details of one's life experiences. C．Failure to remember the names of movies or actors. D．Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends. 3. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up? A．Check the brain's cognitive reserve. B．Stop medications affecting memory. C．Turn to a professional for assistance. D．Exercise to improve their well-being. 4. What is Dr. Daffner's advice for fight against memory loss? A．Having regular physical and mental checkups. B．Taking medicine that helps boost one's brain. C．Engaging in known memory repair activities. D．Staying active both physically and mentally. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了年龄相关的记忆衰退与痴呆症的区别，以及面对记忆问题时应采取的措施和预防方法。 【详解】1.细节理解题。文章第一段提到 “But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.（但如果你有记忆失误，或许不必担心。痴呆症的症状与年龄相关的记忆衰退之间有明显的区别）”。这表明记忆失误并非都是痴呆症的症状，所以人们不必过于担心。故选 B 项。 2.细节理解题。文章第五段指出 “When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's “a red flag that something more serious may be involved”. Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.（他说，当你忘记整个经历时，那是 “一个危险信号，可能涉及更严重的问题”。忘记如何操作像微波炉这样熟悉的物品，或者忘记如何开车去你拜访过很多次的朋友家，也可能是出问题的迹象）”。“忘记如何操作熟悉物品” 属于忘记日常事务的操作，是需要重视的症状，而其他选项如忘记电影或演员的名字、偶尔混淆朋友地址等属于较轻微的记忆问题。故选 A 项。 3. 细节理解题。文章第七段提到 “Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory.（达夫纳建议去看医生，检查可能影响记忆的药物、健康问题和其他问题）”。医生属于专业人士，所以当出现严重记忆衰退迹象时，人们应该向专业人士寻求帮助。故选 C 项。 4. 细节理解题。文章最后一段中，Dr. Daffner 建议 “Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways.”（读书、看电影、培养新的爱好或从事能迫使自己以新方式思考的活动），这属于精神上保持活跃；同时提到 “And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.（还要锻炼身体，因为锻炼是众所周知的大脑助推器）”，即身体上保持活跃。所以他的建议是身心都保持活跃。故选 D 项。 Passage 10 （24-25高二上·河北沧州·阶段检测）When you think about who’s responsible for a city’s safety, what people come to mind? Police officers, firefighters or emergency response teams? Would you put your local meteorologist (气象预报员) in this group? That’s the career Ashley Ruiz chose, and she’s now the first female chief meteorologist in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Ruiz predicts the weather for her community. In 2020, a tornado hit Ruiz’s hometown of Chattanooga, Tennessee — and, even closer to home, her house. So she said she knew what a lifesaving job this could be. However, her job isn’t without difficulties. “Hearing people have been injured, like in a big hurricane, is really hard,” she said. “We try our best to predict the weather as best as we can, and we are getting better. But it can always change.” Ruiz talked about the new and changing weather patterns. She said, “We are absolutely seeing changes in weather, with more intense and more frequent storms, which relate to climate change.” Weather is changing everywhere, as the planet warms. There are more frequent droughts, stronger storms, and increasing temperature changes. This makes predicting the weather difficult. Ruiz always knew she was interested in weather and how it affected the world. But her path to a career in meteorology wasn’t easy. She said, “I struggled so hard with math and wanted to give up. But I kept pushing and working hard, and now I’m the first woman chief meteorologist in the Baton Rouge TV market. I’m proud of that.” She wants kids to know they should never give up on their education or their dreams. 1. Why was the disaster in Ruiz’s hometown mentioned in the text? A．To call on people to prepare for disasters. B．To introduce Ruiz’s unusual childhood experience. C．To offer a successful example of weather forecast. D．To show Ruiz’s understanding of the work of a meteorologist. 2. What is a challenge of predicting the weather according to the text? A．Climate change. B．People’s injury. C．Poor technology. D．Lack of experience. 3. Which word can best describe Ruiz according to the last paragraph? A．Creative. B．Clever. C．Hard-working. D．World-famous. 4. In which section of a newspaper may the text appear? A．Sports. B．People. C．Education. D．Health. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了Ashley Ruiz的职业生涯和个人经历，介绍了她作为气象预报员的工作内容、面临的挑战、对天气变化的看法，以及她如何克服数学难题成为首位女性首席气象预报员的经历。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In 2020, a tornado hit Ruiz’s hometown of Chattanooga, Tennessee—and, even closer to home, her house. So she said she knew what a lifesaving job this could be.(2020年，一场龙卷风袭击了Ruiz位于田纳西州查塔努加的家乡——甚至离她家更近的地方。所以她说她知道这是一份救命的工作。)”可知，文章提到Ruiz家乡发生的灾难是为了展示她对气象预报员工作的理解。她亲身体验了龙卷风对家乡的破坏，因此她深刻理解这份工作的重要性和救命的性质。这一经历使她更加明白作为气象预报员的责任和使命。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Ruiz talked about the new and changing weather patterns. She said, “We are absolutely seeing changes in weather, with more intense and more frequent storms, which relate to climate change.” Weather is changing everywhere, as the planet warms. There are more frequent droughts, stronger storms, and increasing temperature changes. This makes predicting the weather difficult.( Ruiz谈到了新的和变化中的天气模式。她说：“我们绝对看到了天气的变化，风暴更加剧烈和频繁，这与气候变化有关。”随着地球变暖，天气到处都在变化。干旱更频繁，风暴更猛烈，气温变化更大。这使得预测天气变得困难。)”可知，气候变化使得天气变得更加难以预测，因此是预测天气的一个挑战。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ruiz always knew she was interested in weather and how it affected the world. But her path to a career in meteorology wasn’t easy. She said, “I struggled so hard with math and wanted to give up. But I kept pushing and working hard, and now I’m the first woman chief meteorologist in the Baton Rouge TV market. I’m proud of that.”(Ruiz一直知道自己对天气及其对世界的影响感兴趣。但她成为气象学家的道路并不容易。她说：“我在数学上挣扎得很厉害，几乎想放弃了。但我一直在坚持和努力，现在我是巴吞鲁日电视市场的第一位女性首席气象预报员。我为此感到骄傲。”)”可知，Ruiz在数学上挣扎得很厉害，但她一直坚持不懈地努力工作，最终成为了巴吞鲁日电视市场的首位女性首席气象预报员。这显示了她是一个勤奋努力的人。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When you think about who’s responsible for a city’s safety, what people come to mind? Police officers, firefighters or emergency response teams? Would you put your local meteorologist (气象预报员) in this group? That’s the career Ashley Ruiz chose, and she’s now the first female chief meteorologist in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Ruiz predicts the weather for her community.(当你想到谁负责城市的安全时，你会想到哪些人？警察、消防员还是应急响应团队？你会把当地的气象预报员归入这个群体吗？这就是Ashley Ruiz选择的职业，现在她是路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日的第一位女性首席气象预报员。Ruiz为她的社区预测天气。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了Ashley Ruiz作为气象预报员的职业生涯和个人经历，包括她如何克服困难成为首位女性首席气象预报员，以及她对天气和气候变化的看法。这种关于人物成长和成就的文章更适合出现在报纸的“People”（人物）栏目中。故选B。 Passage 11 Notes on Camp （23-24高二上·新疆塔城·阶段检测）Susan Sontag (1933—2004) was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything—to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American culture life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture. 　　Seriousness was one of Sontag’s lifelong watchwords (格言), but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In “Notes on Camp”, the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little—known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous.“ Notes on Camp”, she wrote, represents “a victory of ‘form’ over ‘content’, ‘beauty’ over ‘morals’ ”.      By conviction (信念) she was a sensualist (感觉论者), but by nature she was a moralist (伦理学者), and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came forward. In “Illness as Metaphor”—published in 1978, after she suffered cancer—she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed personalities(被压抑的性格), a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact, re-examining old positions was her lifelong habit.     In America, her story of a 19th century Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California, won the National Book Award in 2000. But it was as a tireless, all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame.     “Sometimes,” she once said,“ I feel that, in the end, all I am really defending…is the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.” And in the end, she made us take it seriously too. 1. The underlined sentence in paragraph l means Sontag ____________. A．was a symbol of American cultural life B．developed world literature, film and art C．published many essays about world culture D．kept pace with the newest development of world culture 2. She first won her name through____________. A．her story of a Polish actress B．her book Illness as Metaphor C．publishing essays in magazines like Partisan Review D．her explanation of a set of difficult understandings 3. Susan Sontag’s lasting fame was made upon____________. A．a tireless, all-purpose cultural view B．her lifelong watchword: seriousness C．publishing books on morals D．enjoying books worth reading and movies worth seeing 4. From works Susan published in the 1970s and 1980s，we can learn that _____. A．she was more a moralist than a sensualist B．she was more a sensualist than a moralist C．she believed repressed personalities mainly led to illness D．she would like to re-examine old positions 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了世界文学中最著名的人物之一Susan Sontag以及她的成就和作品特色。 1. 推理判断题。根据上文“she appeared as the symbol of American culture life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art.(作为美国文化生活的象征出现，努力追随文学、电影和艺术的每一个新发展。)”由此可猜出划线句子意思是Sontag能够跟上世界文学的发展步伐，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。 根据第二段“In “Notes on Camp”, the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little—known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous. (在1964年的一篇文章《笔记营地》(Notes on Camp)中，她第一次让她成名，她解释了一系列当时鲜为人知的困难理解，通过这些理解，她已经出名了。)”可知她因为解释了一系列当时鲜为人知的困难理解而出名了，故选D。 3. 细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“But it was as a tireless, all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame.(但正是她孜孜不倦的、万能的文化观使她声名远扬。)”可知是她孜孜不倦的、万能的文化观让她的名声持久远扬，故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段“By conviction (信念) she was a sensualist (感觉论者), but by nature she was a moralist (伦理学者), and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came forward.(从信念上讲，她是一个感觉论者，但从本质上讲，她是一个伦理学者，在她20世纪70年代和80年代出版的作品中，她的后一面出现了。) ”可知从Susan在20世纪70年代和80年代发表的作品中，我们可以了解到她更像是一个伦理学者，而不是一个感觉论者，故选A。 Passage 12 （2026·陕西渭南·二模）About 15 years ago, a humble idea for a historical fiction series erupted into a worldwide literary phenomenon, now known as the I Survived series. Every novel transports readers into the middle of true, real-life catastrophes. Whether it is a shocking weather event or a widespread plague (瘟疫), each story illustrates how a kid rises to the occasion. In 2010, Lauren Tarshis released her first book. She never could have imagined that over the next 15 years, the series would become a bestseller, printing over 20 million copies to date. Tarshis has published 25 novels in the series and her newest release came out last October. Tarshis visited the Blue Willow Bookshop’s Tweens Read Book Festival at Dobie High School in Houston and spoke about her recent novel, in which a boy named Ray fights the dangers of the Dust Bowl in the Panhandle of Texas. “A lot of kids have suggested this topic and asked for a story about the Great Depression. So this is sort of two books in one. My research for the new novel was exciting because I visited places I had never been to. It’s been a great experience,” she said. The idea for the series originated in her family. Tarshis, a mother of four, noticed her son Dylan was having a hard time finding books he enjoyed. “Dylan said to me, ‘I want to read a book about a cool topic with a main character that’s a kid like me.’ That was really a big inspiration. I saw that when there was a topic featuring a real kid at its heart, those were the stories that kids really liked to read,” she said. Although each book in the series may be a page-turner, the messages and themes are long-lasting and impactful. “I want kids to learn about the world and places they didn’t know about but now feel connected to. I want them to see that people go through really hard things, and it’s not just about surviving. It’s about healing, finding help, and being patient about recovering from something scary.” 1. What is a key feature of the I Survived series? A．Each story is set during the 20th century. B．Each story is about a child in a real disaster. C．Each story pictures a child’s real school life. D．Each story presents historical events in detail. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 about Tarshis’s writing? A．It avoids hardship and emotional depths. B．It centers on entertainment over education. C．It’s mainly based on personal experiences. D．It’s reader-focused with meaningful themes. 3. What does the underlined word “page-turner” mean? A．A book that is hard to read. B．A book that tells true stories. C．A book that keeps readers engaged. D．A book that changes readers’ habits. 4. What message is mainly conveyed through Tarshis’s novels? A．History is full of unexpected events. B．Survival depends on luck and external help. C．Reading is the best way to understand the past. D．True courage involves enduring and overcoming hardship. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《我幸存了》系列历史小说的创作背景、作者Lauren Tarshis以及该系列如何通过以孩子为主角、重现真实灾难事件，来吸引读者并传递关于“生存与治愈”的深层主题。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Every novel transports readers into the middle of true, real-life catastrophes. Whether it is a shocking weather event or a widespread plague, each story illustrates how a kid rises to the occasion. (每一本小说都将读者带入真实的生活灾难之中。无论是令人震惊的天气事件还是大范围的瘟疫，每个故事都展示了一个孩子是如何奋起应对的。)” 可知，该系列的核心特征是每个故事都关于处于真实灾难中的孩子，故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据原文第三段““A lot of kids have suggested this topic and asked for a story about the Great Depression. So this is sort of two books in one. My research for the new novel was exciting because I visited places I had never been to. It’s been a great experience,” she said.(她说：“很多孩子都提议过这个主题，还希望我写一个关于大萧条的故事。所以这本书有点像两本书合二为一。我为这部新小说做的研究很令人兴奋，因为我去了很多从未去过的地方。这是一段很棒的经历。”)”以及第四段“I saw that when there was a topic featuring a real kid at its heart, those were the stories that kids really liked to read (我发现，当一个故事的核心是关于一个真实的孩子时，那些是孩子们真的喜欢读的故事)” 可知，Tarshis的创作以读者需求为中心，且主题具有深刻意义，故选D。 3. 词句猜测题。根据原文第五段“Although each book in the series may be a page-turner, the messages and themes are long-lasting and impactful. (虽然该系列的每本书都可能是一本page-turner，但它们传达的信息和主题却持久而有影响力。)”可知，前后构成转折让步关系，说明这本书不只是“好看过瘾”而已，它还有更深刻、更长久的价值。 可知，“page-turner”指的是能让读者爱不释手、保持阅读兴趣的书，即让读者投入的书，故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据原文第五段““I want kids to learn about the world and places they didn’t know about but now feel connected to. I want them to see that people go through really hard things, and it’s not just about surviving. It’s about healing, finding help, and being patient about recovering from something scary.” (“我希望孩子们去了解这个世界，了解那些他们从前并不知晓、如今却感到心生联结的地方。我希望他们明白，人们会经历非常艰难的时刻，而这不仅仅是活下去那么简单。更重要的是疗愈、寻求帮助，以及耐心地从可怕的经历中慢慢恢复。”)” 可知，Tarshis的小说主要传达的信息是真正的勇气在于承受并战胜苦难。故选D。 22 / 25乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $暑期 · 题型突破 集中练01阅读理解（说明文） 选必一 题型重点突破（人教版） （解题指导+名校真题） 一、解题指导：阅读理解（说明文） 1. 行文结构清晰：总分总 / 总分结构，首段引出核心对象、中间分点介绍背景、过程、优势 / 弊端、末段讲前景、价值、意义；段落间多有逻辑词（however, besides, but, looking ahead）分层。 2. 题材固定：分为人物成就、前沿科技、自然艺术、健康科普、文学文化五类，文本客观陈述事实，极少主观抒情。 3. 题型标准化：固定考查细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、标题归纳五类题型，严格遵循题文同序原则，题目顺序与行文顺序基本一致。 4. 作答准则：先题后文，依托原文找依据，拒绝主观臆断；细节题匹配同义改写，推理不可照搬原文；含 only/all 等绝对限定词的选项优先排除。 二、答题技巧 1. 信息获取（细节理解题，占比最高） 关键词定位法：圈画题干专有名词、数字、人名、时间、核心动词，快速锁定原文句子； 例：Passage4 第 1 小题题干出现 Cao Yuan、2018，直接定位第二段原文作答。人物类细节抓人物初心、关键成就；科技流程题抓取 after/then 梳理操作步骤，如 Passage2 第三段蜜蜂创作流程。 2. 细节推断（推理、态度题） 基于原文适度延伸，原文直白表述不做答案；借助褒贬词汇判断作者态度，Passage2 第 4 题通过文末正面评价判定作者持赞赏态度；人物品质题结合事例推导，如 Passage4 用曹原实验受挫仍坚持推出勤奋坚韧。 3. 词义猜测题 依靠冒号、转折、并列逻辑猜词，Passage1 第 3 题 disruptor、Passage5 第 1 题 downsides 均通过后文解释得出词义；依托后文动作反推形容词，如 Passage3 第 2 题 wary 借助 kept their distance 判断为谨慎。 4. 主旨与标题 段落主旨抓段首句，全文主旨整合核心主体 + 核心价值，人物说明文公式：人物 + 成就 + 行业影响，对应 Passage1、3、4；标题需兼顾主体与核心作用，人物标题优先选用人物 + 身份格式，科技类突出技术功能，排除只谈局部、只铺垫问题的片面选项。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）In January 2025, an announcement from a little-known Chinese AI startup sent shock waves through the global tech industry. DeepSeek, founded by former finance investor Liang Wenfeng released its R1 reasoning model, a system that matched the performance of leading closed-source AI tools (such as OpenAI’s GPT-4) but at a small portion of the cost. For Nature’s 2025 “Nature’s 10” list, we recognize Liang as a tech disruptor whose work has rewritten the rules of the global AI race. Liang, 40, began his career in quantitative finance, where he developed algorithms for stock market prediction. He turned to AI in 2023, founding DeepSeek to “popularize access to advanced reasoning systems”, after growing frustrated by the high cost of cutting-edge AI tools. His team, a group of 35 researchers, built R1 with a total development budget of $6 million — less than 10% of the cost of competitors like Meta’s Llama 3. The model’s performance was a stunning success. In independent tests, R1 scored 89.2 on the MMLU reasoning standard (matching GPT-4’s 89.7), and outperformed it on coding tasks. What made the breakthrough ground-breaking, however, was Liang’s decision to open-source R1’s weights — a first for a system of this level. Within weeks, the model was downloaded 1.2 million times, with researchers adapting it to fields from drug discovery to climate modeling. “DeepSeek’s open model has been a boon for small teams and academics who could never afford to build such tools themselves,” says Benjamin Lee, a former researcher at Hugging Face. The move also forced Western rivals to shift strategy: within three months, Google and Anthropic released their own partially open models, accelerating global AI collaboration. For Liang, the goal remains simple: “AI should be a tool for everyone, not just the wealthy few.” As Nature’s 2025 “Nature’s 10” profile concludes: “Liang’s work has not just built a better AI model, it has proven that flexibility, collaboration, and a commitment to openness can outpace even the deepest pockets.” 1. What can we infer from the first paragraph about DeepSeek’s R1 model? A．It has surpassed GPT-4 as the leading AI tool globally. B．It has altered the competitive pattern of the global AI industry. C．It was developed with a much higher cost than closed-source AI tools. D．It was the AI model to be included in Nature’s 2025 “Nature’s 10” list. 2. Why did Liang Wenfeng switch from quantitative finance to AI research? A．He failed to achieve success in the financial field. B．He wanted to make advanced AI accessible to more people. C．He was invited by a group of AI researchers to found DeepSeek. D．He found stock market prediction algorithms less challenging. 3. The underlined word “disruptor” in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A．someone who preserves traditional rules B．someone who interrupts and changes an industry C．someone who invests heavily in a new business field D．someone who supports new technological development 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．Liang Wenfeng’s experience in quantitative finance helps his AI research. B．DeepSeek’s R1 model has been widely applied in various scientific fields. C．Liang Wenfeng’s open-source AI model reshapes the global AI landscape. D．The development of AI has led to fierce competition among global tech companies. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·四川成都·期末）Toronto-based artist Ava Roth is unlike other cooperative artists: instead of working with people,she works with bees. As a painter, embroiderer (刺绣师) and mixed-media artist, she has spent the past decade experimenting with the unique medium of honeycomb (蜂巢). In her latest collection, Roth employs the help of local honeybees to create amazing pieces that perfectly represent the co-existence of human beings and nature. Her works combine various man-made materials with the complex pattern of a raw honeycomb. During the cooperation, Roth’s part of work comes in the form of art picture hung in embroidery circles. Using her mastery of embroidery techniques, she creates designs with thread and locally found materials, such as wood, plants and horsehair. After she arranges these elements to her liking, Roth then attaches the circle to beekeeping frames and places it in a bee box. Over time, thousands of bees fill the frame with honeycomb, changing the piece into its final, fascinating form. The artistic cooperation between the honeybees and Roth's creativity results in a unique and original work of art. Her direct cooperation with bees is just one aspect of her work. Roth also uses honeycomb in other collections like sewn paintings, embroidery, and works on paper. In her work, Roth integrates the theme of the human relationship to the natural world, reflecting on how people shape nature to meet their needs and imagining a more beautiful outcome of our encounter. Nowadays honeybee populations have been facing a growing decline worldwide, caused by factors such as climate change, habitat loss and pesticides. Roth raises awareness of this extraordinary species’ depopulation through her unique practice, exhibiting their exceptional architectural abilities and essential role in human life. 1. What is special about Ava Roth’s artistic practice? A．She focuses on the theme of nature. B．She employs bees to create artworks. C．She doesn’t cooperate with other artists. D．She only uses natural materials for her art. 2. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．The design of different elements. B．The complex results of art making. C．The difficulty in bonding with bees. D．The unique process of art creation. 3. What is a main theme explored in Roth’s artworks? A．The history of embroidery techniques. B．The architectural styles of urban cities. C．The process of industrial food production. D．The relationship between humans and nature. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward Roth’s work? A．Strongly critical and dismissive. B．Neutral and really objective. C．Clearly appreciative and positive. D．Deeply confused and uncertain. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·江西上饶·阶段检测）Jane Goodall, a world-famous primatologist (灵长类动物学家), dedicated her life to studying chimpanzees. Born in London in 1934, she fell in love with animals as a child — her father gave her a toy chimpanzee named Jubilee at two, and she spent hours observing birds and insects in her backyard. After high school, Goodall saved money for an African trip by working as a secretary. In 1957, she met renowned anthropologist Louis Leakey in Kenya. Impressed by her curiosity, Leakey offered her a job studying chimpanzees in Tanzania’s Gombe Stream National Park — even though few believed a woman without a college degree could do serious scientific research. In 1960, Goodall arrived in Gombe. Living alone in a small camp, she woke early to follow chimpanzee groups. At first, the chimpanzees were wary of her and kept their distance, but her patience won their trust. A key breakthrough came when she saw a chimpanzee use a twig to fish for termites — challenging the belief that only humans make and use tools. Over the years, her research revealed chimpanzees have complex social structures and feel emotions like joy and grief. She also raised awareness about protecting their habitats, threatened by deforestation and poaching. Today, in her late 80s, Goodall still travels the world advocating for wildlife conservation and runs the Jane Goodall Institute, supporting projects in over 30 countries. Her story shows curiosity and perseverance can lead to extraordinary achievements. 1. What inspired Jane Goodall to study animals? A．A college course on primates B．Her toy chimpanzee and childhood observations C．A meeting with Louis Leakey in Kenya D．A trip to Gombe Stream National Park 2. What does the underlined word “wary” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．cautious B．afraid C．doubtful D．curious 3. We can infer from the passage that Louis Leakey was ______. A．A strict boss who demanded perfect results B．An open-minded person who valued potential C．A scientist who doubted women’s research abilities D．A primatologist who studied chimpanzees in Gombe 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．Jane Goodall’s research changed people’s understanding of chimpanzees B．The challenges Jane Goodall faced as a female scientist C．The importance of protecting chimpanzee habitats D．Jane Goodall’s life and her contributions to science and conservation Passage 4 （2026·四川宜宾·二模）Recently, the list for the 2026 Sloan Research Fellowships was announced in the United States. Chinese young scientist Cao Yuan has been awarded this well-known honor. Cao Yuan, born in 1996 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, graduated from University of Science and Technology of China in 2014. In 2018, Cao, 22, was named as the most influential scientist of the year by Nature magazine, for a major discovery of graphene superconductivity angle (石墨烯超导角度). Nature on March 5 published two major papers by Cao. It was the first time that Nature released two continuous articles with the same first author. Cao became the youngest Chinese who published an article in Nature. The discovery was a breakthrough in the area of condensed matter physics and received worldwide attention. Every year, Nature releases an issue highlighting the “ten people who mattered.” The cover is always a large number ten. Its design and pattern depend on the major scientific advances of the year. The year of 2018, the cover referred to Cao’s contributions. Cao’s passion for science emerged early: as a child, he loved buying electronic components to study circuits. His talent and diligence impressed his mentors, including Professor Zeng Changgan, who recalled that as an undergraduate Cao wrote a PRB theory article. He thought Cao was awesome and active. Beyond brilliance, Cao exemplifies perseverance. According to Nature, “despite a disappointing PhD start that made six months’ work fruitless due to experimental accidents, he simply rolled up his sleeves and continued working.” Humble about his achievements, Cao once said, “I just skipped some boring stuff in middle school.” He advises, “Those who walk every step conscientiously will have a bright future.” This mixture of modesty and perseverance defines his inspiring journey. 1. What honor did Cao Yuan receive in 2018? A．The most influential author. B．The Sloan Research Fellowship. C．The title of the youngest professor. D．One of Nature’s 10 people who mattered. 2. What can be inferred about Nature magazine? A．It only publishes work by young scientists. B．Its cover signals the year’s key scientific advances. C．It awards prizes to the most influential researchers. D．It focuses mainly on Chinese scientific achievements. 3. Which of the following best describes Cao Yuan? A．Diligent and persevering. B．Cautious and moody. C．Indifferent and impatient. D．Humble and dependent. 4. What message do Cao Yuan’s words in the last paragraph convey? A．Youth is wasted on the young. B．Luck is when preparation meets opportunity. C．The road to success is paved with steady small steps. D．Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·贵州贵阳·期末）Most Antarctic stations depend on diesel-powered (柴油驱动的) generators, but relying on diesel fuel has downsides: it is difficult and costly to transport heavy liquid fuel to such a remote location. And oil leaks also damage Antarctica’s ecosystem. “While other energy systems are designed to work above-30℃, the temperatures in Antarctic stations are often much lower,” Sun, a Chinese researcher, notes. To overcome those difficulties, Sun and his team developed a number of Antarctica-ready renewable energy systems. But perhaps the most significant step the team took was using hydrogen (氢) energy to help power the Qinling station through the long and dark winter. So how does that happen? A device called an electrolyzer is powered by wind and solar energy to break down water molecules (分子) into oxygen and hydrogen. Then the hydrogen is directed into an electrochemical device, where it reacts with oxygen from the air to produce electricity, with only water and heat as by-products. While the water is recycled to use in further electrolysis (电解) , the heat is stored to warm up the electrolyzer when it becomes too cold to run. In this way, the system can keep the entire base working for around 48 hours. The renewable system can currently produce 60 percent of the overall supply of Qinling’s energy system when it’s running at full power, with the remaining 40 percent coming from diesel. But Sun and his team are determined to raise that percentage and to bring clean-energy systems to other Chinese polar bases as well. 1. What does the underlined word “downsides” mean? A．Disadvantages. B．Benefits. C．Mistakes. D．Doubts. 2. After the electricity is produced, the heat is stored to ______. A．help in further electrolysis B．keep the electrolyzer running C．increase the storage of hydrogen D．reduce the needs for wind and solar 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Diesel has fallen out of use currently. B．Developing other new energy is a must. C．Promoting the new system is expensive. D．The hydrogen system may see wider use. 4. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Working Principle of Electrolyzer. B．A Team’s Adventure in Antarctica. C．Clean Energy for Antarctic Stations. D．Problems of Traditional Energy. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·广西北海·期末）It was a century before the Computer Age began. Ada Lovelace had imagined the modern-day computer. The model was never built. However, Lovelace’s writings helped her become famous. People now consider the woman the world’s first computer programmer. The programme Lovelace wrote was to calculate an important number. However, the woman’s deeper influence was to see the potential of computing. The computer could go beyond calculating numbers, she wrote, to be used to create music and art. Later, this idea became the key concept of the Information Age. Lovelace was born in 1815 into a wealthy family. She showed an interest in math and mechanics (机械学) from a young age. With her mother’s help, Lovelace made friends with big thinkers of the day. When she was 17, she was introduced to the British inventor Charles Babbage. In the two decades that followed, the two kept writing to each other to discuss math and science. In 1843, when she was 27, Lovelace wrote her most influential article about computer science. She described how the computer would work and included a formula (公式) for calculating an important number. The formula is considered as the first computer programme. She also imagined a future in which computers could do jobs faster than humans. In many industries, Lovelace wrote, computers would supersede human workers. Now, people celebrate Lovelace’s achievements every year. Ada Lovelace Day is held on the second Tuesday of every October. Lovelace’s stories have been passed down from generation to generation. People use them to encourage young girls to do well in science subjects. There is no reason why girls can’t become successful scientists. Just remember the world’s first computer programmer was a woman! 1. What is the key concept of the Information Age? A．The computer will be used to write articles. B．The computer is mostly allowed to design artworks. C．The computer is capable of more than calculation. D．The computer can create better music than musicians. 2. How did Lovelace get the chance to make friends with big thinkers? A．By asking her classmates for help. B．Thanks to her mother’s assistance. C．Through her teacher’s introduction. D．By writing letters to experts. 3. What does the underlined word “supersede” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Take the place of. B．Take the benefit of. C．Take the use of. D．Take the meaning of. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How Ada Lovelace Changed the World B．The Life of a Famous Woman Scientist C．Ada Lovelace and Her Inventions D．Ada Lovelace: First Computer Programmer Passage 7 （2026·广西南宁·一模）A group of Chinese researchers and clinical neurologists has made a new breakthrough in brain-computer interface (BCI) (脑机接口) technology, enabling 10 individuals to communicate complex Chinese sentences through their thoughts alone. The technology, currently in clinical trials, offers new hope for patients with speech loss due to conditions such as stroke. Scientists from Shanghai-based startup INSIDE and Huashan Hospital implanted electrodes (电极) into participants with epilepsy (癫痫). After an average of just 100 minutes of training, their custom-built intelligent system read and interpreted brain activities associated with the intended speech of 54 Chinese characters in real time. Training on those characters then enabled the system to interpret 1,951 common words correctly and generate complete Chinese sentences in less than half a second, with virtually no length limit. “Unlike English’s basic speech sounds, Chinese involves over 400 different syllables,” explains Li Meng, INSIDE’s chief scientist. The team trained on data from the world’s largest human brainwave database built by Huashan Hospital, and the AI identified basic sounds of speech with over 83 percent accuracy, according to Li. Looking ahead, researchers envision the interpreted text allowing users to control smart environments, or even generate expressive artworks through generative AI systems. Huashan Hospital has played a key role in brain-computer interface clinical trials. In August 2024, neurosurgeons at the Hospital implanted a 256-channel flexible BCI device designed by the Shanghai-based NeuroXess into a 21-year-old female patient with epilepsy. Within 48 hours, the patient successfully engaged in table tennis and snake computer games through brain control. In June 2025, a Chinese man who had lost his arms and legs in a terrible accident 13 years ago was shown playing chess and racing games using only his mind. This followed the implantation of a BCI device developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Recognizing BCI as a strategic future industry, Shanghai aims to achieve high-quality brain control and fully integrate BCI products into clinical applications by 2030. 1. What can be learned about BCI technology from Paragraph 1? A．It improves communication skills. B．It translates thoughts into sentences. C．It helps to treat stroke patients. D．It serves as a Chinese learning tool. 2. Which of the following best describes the training? A．Traditional. B．Personalized. C．Thorough. D．Efficient. 3. Why does the author mention the two examples in Paragraph 4? A．To explain the working process of BCI. B．To show the promising future of BCI. C．To describe the history of Huashan Hospital. D．To display the variety of BCI devices. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A．AI: Controlling Games with Mind B．INSIDE: Building BCI Industry C．Implants: Reading Brain Signals D．BCI: Giving Voice to Thought Passage 8 （24-25高二上·广东深圳·期末）Global sea levels continue to rise, posing a significant threat to coastal populations worldwide. Faced with two major threats: ongoing sea-level rise and predictions that 36.6 million people in Asian coastal cities could face annual flooding by 2070, Luca Curci Architects proposed the Floating City as a groundbreaking solution. This design allows urban areas to adapt to rising waters, directly addressing these growing disasters. The proposed city is a wonder of modern design. Structurally, each 25-acre unit houses up to 50,000 residents, with its buildings kept at a height of under 90 meters for stability. Using seawater-resistant materials, these structures are also designed to be flexible, much like bamboo, to resist waves. Energy-wise, the project plans to use a mix of renewable energy sources, getting power from wind, water, and the sun to power the city. A key innovation is its safety system: during extreme weather, platforms can automatically separate and regroup using a system inspired by how groups of fish avoid predators. The project also offers significant environmental advantages. A 2023 study by the Marine Future Institute suggests that, compared to building artificial islands, this floating method protects up to 68% more of the marine ecosystem. Furthermore, its closed-loop system is expected to reduce carbon emissions by over 90%compared to a land-based city of a similar size. However, despite these benefits, significant challenges remain. Financially, the initial construction cost is estimated to be 30% higher than traditional land-based developments. Technologically, the constant exposure to seawater damages materials, with research indicating that up to 15% of a platform’s surface could require repair annually. Moreover, comprehensive emergency plans for events such as tsunamis are still in development. “This isn’t about abandoning coasts,” notes designer Tim Fu, “but evolving with them.” While its long-term success is still debated, the design redefines urban strength under challenging situations. Unlike rigid sea walls that fight against nature, these dynamic structures are designed to harmonize with oceanic rhythms. “Cities must learn to dance with the waves,” Curci concludes. This philosophy could transform humanity’s relationship with rising seas, turning a threat into a sustainable opportunity. 1. What drove Luca Curci Architects to come up with a new design? A．Energy crisis. B．Potential disasters. C．Tourism expansion. D．Overcrowded cities. 2. Which of the following best describes Luca Curci’s design? A．Adaptable and innovative. B．Fictional and renewable. C．Eco-friendly and immovable. D．Wave-resistant and conventional. 3. A major limitation of the Floating City project is that ______. A．its carbon emissions are higher than land-based cities B．it negatively impacts marine life more than artificial islands C．its structures require regular repair due to seawater exposure D．its emergency planning for tsunamis is fully completed 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Ocean Protection: Life under Threat. B．Rising with the Tides: Floating Cities. C．Connecting to the Future: Eco Solutions. D．Coastal Design: Inspiration from Bamboo. Passage 9 （25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty frightening. We know the risk of dementia（痴呆症）increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss. After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts become smaller, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow. Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning, Daffner says. When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's “a red flag that something more serious may be involved”. Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you' ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong. But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications（药物）like antidepressants. You don't have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive（认知的）reserve, Daffner says. “Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster. 1. Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips? A．Not all of them are related to one's age. B．Not all of them are symptoms of dementia. C．They occur only among certain groups of people. D．They are quite common among fifty-year-old people. 2. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously? A．Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines. B．Inability to recall details of one's life experiences. C．Failure to remember the names of movies or actors. D．Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends. 3. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up? A．Check the brain's cognitive reserve. B．Stop medications affecting memory. C．Turn to a professional for assistance. D．Exercise to improve their well-being. 4. What is Dr. Daffner's advice for fight against memory loss? A．Having regular physical and mental checkups. B．Taking medicine that helps boost one's brain. C．Engaging in known memory repair activities. D．Staying active both physically and mentally. Passage 10 （24-25高二上·河北沧州·阶段检测）When you think about who’s responsible for a city’s safety, what people come to mind? Police officers, firefighters or emergency response teams? Would you put your local meteorologist (气象预报员) in this group? That’s the career Ashley Ruiz chose, and she’s now the first female chief meteorologist in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Ruiz predicts the weather for her community. In 2020, a tornado hit Ruiz’s hometown of Chattanooga, Tennessee — and, even closer to home, her house. So she said she knew what a lifesaving job this could be. However, her job isn’t without difficulties. “Hearing people have been injured, like in a big hurricane, is really hard,” she said. “We try our best to predict the weather as best as we can, and we are getting better. But it can always change.” Ruiz talked about the new and changing weather patterns. She said, “We are absolutely seeing changes in weather, with more intense and more frequent storms, which relate to climate change.” Weather is changing everywhere, as the planet warms. There are more frequent droughts, stronger storms, and increasing temperature changes. This makes predicting the weather difficult. Ruiz always knew she was interested in weather and how it affected the world. But her path to a career in meteorology wasn’t easy. She said, “I struggled so hard with math and wanted to give up. But I kept pushing and working hard, and now I’m the first woman chief meteorologist in the Baton Rouge TV market. I’m proud of that.” She wants kids to know they should never give up on their education or their dreams. 1. Why was the disaster in Ruiz’s hometown mentioned in the text? A．To call on people to prepare for disasters. B．To introduce Ruiz’s unusual childhood experience. C．To offer a successful example of weather forecast. D．To show Ruiz’s understanding of the work of a meteorologist. 2. What is a challenge of predicting the weather according to the text? A．Climate change. B．People’s injury. C．Poor technology. D．Lack of experience. 3. Which word can best describe Ruiz according to the last paragraph? A．Creative. B．Clever. C．Hard-working. D．World-famous. 4. In which section of a newspaper may the text appear? A．Sports. B．People. C．Education. D．Health. Passage 11 Notes on Camp （23-24高二上·新疆塔城·阶段检测）Susan Sontag (1933—2004) was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything—to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American culture life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture. 　　Seriousness was one of Sontag’s lifelong watchwords (格言), but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In “Notes on Camp”, the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little—known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous.“ Notes on Camp”, she wrote, represents “a victory of ‘form’ over ‘content’, ‘beauty’ over ‘morals’ ”.      By conviction (信念) she was a sensualist (感觉论者), but by nature she was a moralist (伦理学者), and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came forward. In “Illness as Metaphor”—published in 1978, after she suffered cancer—she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed personalities(被压抑的性格), a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact, re-examining old positions was her lifelong habit.     In America, her story of a 19th century Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California, won the National Book Award in 2000. But it was as a tireless, all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame.     “Sometimes,” she once said,“ I feel that, in the end, all I am really defending…is the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.” And in the end, she made us take it seriously too. 1. The underlined sentence in paragraph l means Sontag ____________. A．was a symbol of American cultural life B．developed world literature, film and art C．published many essays about world culture D．kept pace with the newest development of world culture 2. She first won her name through____________. A．her story of a Polish actress B．her book Illness as Metaphor C．publishing essays in magazines like Partisan Review D．her explanation of a set of difficult understandings 3. Susan Sontag’s lasting fame was made upon____________. A．a tireless, all-purpose cultural view B．her lifelong watchword: seriousness C．publishing books on morals D．enjoying books worth reading and movies worth seeing 4. From works Susan published in the 1970s and 1980s，we can learn that _____. A．she was more a moralist than a sensualist B．she was more a sensualist than a moralist C．she believed repressed personalities mainly led to illness D．she would like to re-examine old positions Passage 12 （2026·陕西渭南·二模）About 15 years ago, a humble idea for a historical fiction series erupted into a worldwide literary phenomenon, now known as the I Survived series. Every novel transports readers into the middle of true, real-life catastrophes. Whether it is a shocking weather event or a widespread plague (瘟疫), each story illustrates how a kid rises to the occasion. In 2010, Lauren Tarshis released her first book. She never could have imagined that over the next 15 years, the series would become a bestseller, printing over 20 million copies to date. Tarshis has published 25 novels in the series and her newest release came out last October. Tarshis visited the Blue Willow Bookshop’s Tweens Read Book Festival at Dobie High School in Houston and spoke about her recent novel, in which a boy named Ray fights the dangers of the Dust Bowl in the Panhandle of Texas. “A lot of kids have suggested this topic and asked for a story about the Great Depression. So this is sort of two books in one. My research for the new novel was exciting because I visited places I had never been to. It’s been a great experience,” she said. The idea for the series originated in her family. Tarshis, a mother of four, noticed her son Dylan was having a hard time finding books he enjoyed. “Dylan said to me, ‘I want to read a book about a cool topic with a main character that’s a kid like me.’ That was really a big inspiration. I saw that when there was a topic featuring a real kid at its heart, those were the stories that kids really liked to read,” she said. Although each book in the series may be a page-turner, the messages and themes are long-lasting and impactful. “I want kids to learn about the world and places they didn’t know about but now feel connected to. I want them to see that people go through really hard things, and it’s not just about surviving. It’s about healing, finding help, and being patient about recovering from something scary.” 1. What is a key feature of the I Survived series? A．Each story is set during the 20th century. B．Each story is about a child in a real disaster. C．Each story pictures a child’s real school life. D．Each story presents historical events in detail. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 about Tarshis’s writing? A．It avoids hardship and emotional depths. B．It centers on entertainment over education. C．It’s mainly based on personal experiences. D．It’s reader-focused with meaningful themes. 3. What does the underlined word “page-turner” mean? A．A book that is hard to read. B．A book that tells true stories. C．A book that keeps readers engaged. D．A book that changes readers’ habits. 4. What message is mainly conveyed through Tarshis’s novels? A．History is full of unexpected events. B．Survival depends on luck and external help. C．Reading is the best way to understand the past. D．True courage involves enduring and overcoming hardship. 14 / 15乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $