集中练02 阅读理解（说明文）Unit 2 Looking into the Future 【题型易-暑期提升练】-2026-2027学年英语新高二 阅读理解（说明文）重点突破 真题集中操练（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦未来科技类说明文，构建“结构分析-题型突破-真题应用”三维训练体系，系统提炼解题逻辑与应试策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |解题指导|12篇名校真题|总分/总分总结构分析、题文同序定位法、绝对词汇排除准则|从文章框架（引出对象-分层阐述-前景展望）到解题通用规则，形成逻辑闭环| |答题技巧|5类核心题型|细节题关键词定位、段落主旨对比法、推理题展望句分析法|按题型难度递进，技巧与例题深度绑定，实现“方法-应用”迁移|

暑期 · 题型突破 集中练02阅读理解（说明文） 选必一 题型重点突破（人教版） （解题指导+名校真题） 一、解题指导：阅读理解（说明文） 1. 行文结构清晰：总分 / 总分总结构，首段引出未来科技、创新发明等核心对象；中间分原理、构造、优缺点、研发过程分层；末段介绍应用前景、行业影响；段落常用 but、however、besides、looking ahead 逻辑词分割层次。 2. 题材统一聚焦未来科技：涵盖智能材料、配送机器人、未来城市、声波灭火、新型环保材料、类人机器人、医用莲藕支架、气雾农业、航海仪器、医疗陪护机器人、塑料催化回收、合金制冷设备，全部围绕创新技术，文本客观科普，极少主观抒情。 3. 题型标准化：固定段落主旨、细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、文章标题五类，严格遵循题文同序，题目顺序和原文段落顺序一一对应。 4. 通用作答准则：先看题干再回文定位，所有答案必须原文有对应语句；细节题优先同义替换选项，推理不能直接摘抄原文；含 only、all、never 绝对词汇选项直接排除。 二、答题技巧 1. 信息获取（细节理解，占比最高） 人名、数字专有名词定位，圈技术名称、材料、研发主体快速锁定；科技流程题抓取 then、after 等连接词梳理步骤。 例：Passage1 第 2 题关键词 magnetic film，直接定位第三段远程控制内容；Passage7 莲藕支架题锁定 3D 打印、二次手术关键词作答。 2. 段落主旨题 重点看段首总起句，无总起则整合整段动作、原理；段落对比类（简单外观 vs 复杂原理）优先选对比选项。 例：Passage1 第 1 题第二段 simple 与 complex 形成对比，直接对应 A 选项；Passage2 第 3 段概括机器人感知环境 + 传递意图两层内容。 3. 词义 & 句意猜测题 依托转折、举例、后置解释猜词；短语结合前后失败 / 研发难度语境判断含义。 例：Passage6 “the faint of heart” 根据苹果造车受挫案例，推出畏难、不愿攻坚的企业。 4. 推理判断题（作用、态度、前景） 技术前景看文末展望句；作者态度看褒义评价词，有突破性、开创性等词汇则持支持态度；场景应用推理结合段落行业方向（软体机器人对应微创手术）。 例：Passage7 文末十年研发、多重成果推出作者 enthusiastic；Passage1 软体机器人段落推出手术器械应用。 5. 主旨与标题题 科技说明文主旨公式：新型技术 + 优势 + 应用前景；标题需包含核心技术名词，排除只谈问题、只讲弊端的片面选项。 例：Passage12 核心 nitinol 合金制冷，标题锁定 Nitinol: A Cooler Alternative；Passage4 全文围绕声波灭火技术，主旨选创新声波消防技术。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·江西·期末） Imagine a delicate Chinese festival lantern, not made from paper, but from a smart polymer (聚合物) that can change shape on command without motors or wires. This real-world creation from North Carolina State University researchers is a breakthrough redefining possibilities in materials science. At first glance, the polymer lantern seems simple. Yet within this delicate structure lies a world of complex physics. It is bistable—able to rest naturally in two stable shapes. One is its relaxed, lantern-like form; the other is a pressed, spinning-top-like shape. When pushed down, it slowly bends, storing energy until it suddenly turns into its second form. When released, the stored energy bursts free, turning it back instantly to its original lantern shape. This feature makes it programmable, as slight twists to its structure can predictably create a variety of shapes, unlocking its potential beyond a simple toy. But the real magic comes from how these transformations can be controlled from a distance. A magnetic film (磁性薄膜) attached to the structure’s base allows it to move without physical contact. With this capability, the lantern becomes a dynamic device that can perform work, move and interact with its environment. Its potential is demonstrated by striking examples: a gentle holder to catch fish and a smart water flow controller — both powered only by the physics of the material itself. To fully understand and control this lantern’s behavior, the team developed an advanced mathematical model to precisely program its shape, stability, and power. “All of those factors are critical for creating shapes that can perform desired applications,” said one researcher. This research opens a new chapter for soft robotics, which seeks to replace hard components with flexible and intelligent materials. By combining multiple units, the researchers are looking ahead to new shape-changing surfaces or structures. At its heart, the research captures something poetic: the ability of matter to remember, adapt and move. The polymer Chinese lantern doesn’t just shine — it breathes, it moves, and it teaches us that the boundary between living and engineered systems is growing thinner every day. 1. What is the primary function of paragraph 2? A．To contrast its simple look with complex physics. B．To describe how it is made. C．To show it’s better than paper lanterns. D．To introduce practical uses. 2. The magnetic film allows the lantern to ________. A．store more energy. B．have two stable shapes. C．be controlled remotely. D．stay strong in tough conditions. 3. Which future use is most likely based on the text? A．A shape-changing tool for inside-body surgery. B．A sun-activated hardening building material. C．A part turning heat into continuous motion. D．A light-sensitive color-changing window film. 4. The research is most important because it may ________. A．cut the cost of festival items. B．offer new ways to monitor the environment. C．Blur (使模糊) the line between non-living and responsive systems. D．replace electronics with polymers. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 【导语】文章主要介绍了一种由智能聚合物制成、可远程遥控变形的新型材料灯笼及其在软体机器人领域的应用前景。 【详解】1. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“At first glance, the polymer lantern seems simple. Yet within this delicate structure lies a world of complex physics. It is bistable — able to rest naturally in two stable shapes. One is its relaxed, lantern-like form; the other is a pressed, spinning-top-like shape. When pushed down, it slowly bends, storing energy until it suddenly turns into its second form. When released, the stored energy bursts free, turning it back instantly to its original lantern shape. This feature makes it programmable, as slight twists to its structure can predictably create a variety of shapes, unlocking its potential beyond a simple toy.(乍看之下，这盏聚合物灯笼构造十分简约，但其精巧的内部结构中，蕴藏着一套复杂的物理原理。它具备双稳态特性，可稳定保持两种形态：一种是舒展的灯笼原型，另一种是受压后形似陀螺的造型。向下按压时，它会缓慢弯折并储存能量，直至瞬间切换为第二种形态；松开外力后，储存的能量瞬间释放，它又会立刻恢复原本的灯笼模样。这一特性让它可被预设形态，只需轻微调整结构，就能精准变换出多种造型，使其用途不再局限于普通玩具。)”可知，第二段的主要作用是将其简单的外观与内部复杂的物理原理形成对比。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the real magic comes from how these transformations can be controlled from a distance. A magnetic film (磁性薄膜) attached to the structure’s base allows it to move without physical contact. With this capability, the lantern becomes a dynamic device that can perform work, move and interact with its environment.(而这项发明真正奇妙之处，在于它的形变能够远程操控。灯笼底座附着一层磁性薄膜，无需实体触碰就能驱动整体活动。依托这项性能，该灯笼成为一款可运作、可移动、能与周边环境交互的动态装置。)”可知，磁性薄膜使得灯笼可以被远程操控。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This research opens a new chapter for soft robotics, which seeks to replace hard components with flexible and intelligent materials. By combining multiple units, the researchers are looking ahead to new shape-changing surfaces or structures.(该研究为软体机器人技术翻开了全新篇章，这一领域致力于用柔性智能材料替代硬质零部件。研究人员计划将多个单元组合拼接，研发可自主形变的新型表层与立体结构。)”可知，柔性可变形材料适用于体内微创手术器械。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The polymer Chinese lantern doesn’t just shine — it breathes, it moves, and it teaches us that the boundary between living and engineered systems is growing thinner every day.(这盏聚合物中式灯笼不只是外观亮眼，它如同拥有生命般伸缩活动，也让我们意识到，生命体与人工制造装置之间的界限正日渐模糊。)”可知，这项研究最重要的意义在于模糊了非生命系统与响应式系统之间的界限。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林·期中）Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities. To know what’s going on, Serve has a laser radar (激光雷达) sensor on top, in which spinning lasers let it detect objects around it and know how far away they are. Also, behind each artificial eye is a camera, with six more imaging devices spread around the robot. Inside it is another sensor that allows Postmates to know if there is a package in there. “One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,” says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. “Since the sidewalk is a very chaotic environment,” he points out, “the robot needs to be able to take it all in and figure out what to do. This robot, and many like it, also must be able to show their intentions to the pedestrians (行人). For that, it has a number of approaches. One is using its eyes; another is a colorful light ring that goes around the top. When it wants to make way for a pedestrian, it will use its eyes and look down,” he explains. “It can also use the lights on the top as a turn signal, which is obvious, and also look left and right when it’s turning left and right.” “Using eye movements and other silent signals is a good idea,” says Aaron Steinfeld, a professor of human-robot interaction. Serve is intended for sidewalks and Steinfeld says that environment is challenging. People usually walk fast while staring at a smartphone. For a robot, that’s a lot. “We have active research on robot moving socially around walking people,” he says. “And it’s really tricky to do this well.” Postmates plans to use Serve in Los Angeles at first, and its intended task is to move small objects over short distances. The robot can travel 30 miles on one charge and is able to carry 50 pounds. 1. What is the function of Serve? A．To make short-distance deliveries. B．To clean city sidewalks. C．To guide pedestrians on roads. D．To carry heavy goods for the deliverymen. 2. How does Serve know about the objects around it? A．By following GPS signals. B．By asking the deliverymen for help. C．By using a laser radar sensor. D．By communicating with pedestrians. 3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The design of Serve’s artificial eyes. B．Aaron Steinfeld’s research on robots. C．Why streets are dangerous for pedestrians. D．How Serve senses the environment and shows intentions. 4. What can be known from the last paragraph? A．Serve is able to carry heavy goods. B．Serve will first be used in Los Angeles. C．Serve can travel 50 miles on one charge. D．Serve will be used in all U.S. cities soon. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 【导语】文章主要介绍了Postmates公司送货机器人Serve的功能与设计特点。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities.(美国送货公司Postmates制造了一款名为Serve的机器人，旨在城市中进行短距离送货)”可知，Serve的功能是进行短距离送货。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To know what’s going on, Serve has a laser radar (激光雷达) sensor on top, in which spinning lasers let it detect objects around it and know how far away they are.(为了了解周围情况，Serve顶部装有激光雷达传感器，旋转的激光让它能探测周围物体并知道它们的距离)”可知，Serve通过激光雷达传感器感知周围物体。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中““One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,” says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. “Since the sidewalk is a very chaotic environment,” he points out, “the robot needs to be able to take it all in and figure out what to do. This robot, and many like it, also must be able to show their intentions to the pedestrians (行人). For that, it has a number of approaches. One is using its eyes; another is a colorful light ring that goes around the top. When it wants to make way for a pedestrian, it will use its eyes and look down,” he explains. “It can also use the lights on the top as a turn signal, which is obvious, and also look left and right when it’s turning left and right.”(“我们在早期做出的一项关键决策，就是高度依赖机器人的环境感知能力，”Postmates公司机器人技术副总裁Ali Kashani表示。“鉴于人行道是一种极其混乱的环境，”他指出，“机器人必须能够全面感知周围情况，并判断该如何行动。”这款机器人——以及许多同类产品——还必须具备向行人传达自身意图的能力。为此，它采用了多种方式：一是利用“眼睛”（视觉提示）；二是在顶部设置一圈彩色灯环。卡沙尼解释道：“当它想给行人让路时，会通过‘眼睛’朝下看。它还能将顶部的灯光用作转向信号灯，这一点非常直观；在左右转弯时，它也会配合做出向左或向右看的动作。”)”可知，第三段主要讲述Serve如何感知环境以及如何向行人展示意图。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Postmates plans to use Serve in Los Angeles at first, and its intended task is to move small objects over short distances.(Postmates计划首先在洛杉矶使用Serve，其预定任务是短距离搬运小物件。)”可知，Serve将首先在洛杉矶投入使用。 Passage 3 （2026·海南海口·模拟预测）This is how these young engineers imagine Jacksonville, a coastal city in Florida in the next 100 years. The model called Agua Prope, meaning clean water, was presented by a team of middle school students from Houston at the Future City Nationals in Washington, DC． The students’ goal was to build a city with a clean and reliable water system. Many members on the Houston team come from Karachi, Pakistan’s largest and most populated city, where water shortages and the lack of access to clean water are persistent problems. Karachi is very underdeveloped right now. A lot of people are on the streets; they don’t have water to drink or they’re drinking polluted water and are badly in need of money. It’s very hard to even take showers over there. The water there costs a lot, and sometimes it’s polluted, which sometimes causes problems such as diarrhea (腹泻), and you don’t have water in the house for days. Students on the Houston team say their model includes a strong system that monitors supply and demand, storage, filtration (过滤), and diversion of conventional as well as flood waters across the Jacksonville landscape. Their project is Agua Prope, located in Jacksonville, Florida. The main problems in Jacksonville are storm surges, hurricanes and floods. Actually a lot of problems caused by water shortage and pollution are going on internationally right now. Organizers say some models are actually put into practice. They’re not only asking the participants to think about these challenges, but also empowering them in their solutions. This model calls for technology so advanced that it will be decades before it can be realized. But the students say they hope one day within the next 50 years, their vision of a clean water city will become a reality. 1. What inspired the students to design the Agua Prope project? A．Their personal experience of severe water problems. B．The flood control problems in their hometown. C．The request from the Jacksonville government. D．A competition prize for building water systems. 2. What do we learn about the Agua Prope project? A．It can predict natural disasters correctly. B．It takes various water problems into consideration. C．It gets widely recognized by governments. D．It centers on landscape improvement of cities. 3. Why will it take so long to apply this model entirely? A．Because Jacksonville refuses to use it. B．Because it proves harmful to the environment. C．Because the government hasn’t provided funds. D．Because the required technology is still unavailable. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Lack of Clean Water in Future Cities B．Popularity of Future City Competition C．Vision of Future Urban Water Supply D．Standards for Future Urban Construction 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】主要讲述一群来自休斯顿的中学生在华盛顿特区的“未来城市全国赛”上展示了名为Agua Prope（意为清洁水）的模型，这是他们对佛罗里达州沿海城市杰克逊维尔未来100年的设想。 【详解】1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Many members on the Houston team come from Karachi, Pakistan’s largest and most populated city, where water shortages and the lack of access to clean water are persistent problems. Karachi is very underdeveloped right now. A lot of people are on the streets; they don’t have water to drink or they’re drinking polluted water and are badly in need of money. It’s very hard to even take showers over there. The water there costs a lot, and sometimes it’s polluted, which sometimes causes problems such as diarrhea (腹泻), and you don’t have water in the house for days.(休斯顿团队的许多成员来自巴基斯坦人口最多的大城市卡拉奇，那里水资源短缺和缺乏清洁水是长期存在的问题。卡拉奇目前非常不发达。很多人流落街头；他们没有水喝，或者喝着被污染的水，而且急需钱。在那里甚至很难洗上澡。那里的水很贵，有时还被污染，这有时会导致腹泻等问题，而且家里好几天都没有水)”可知，学生们在卡拉奇亲身经历的严重水问题激发了他们设计Agua Prope项目。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Students on the Houston team say their model includes a strong system that monitors supply and demand, storage, filtration (过滤), and diversion of conventional as well as flood waters across the Jacksonville landscape. Their project is Agua Prope, located in Jacksonville, Florida. The main problems in Jacksonville are storm surges, hurricanes and floods. Actually a lot of problems caused by water shortage and pollution are going on internationally right now.(休斯顿团队的学生表示，他们的模型包含一个强大的系统，可监测杰克逊维尔地区常规用水及洪水的供应与需求、储存、过滤和引流。他们的项目是位于佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔的Agua Prope。杰克逊维尔的主要问题是风暴潮、飓风和洪水。实际上，目前国际上存在许多由水资源短缺和污染引发的问题)”可知，Agua Prope项目考虑到了诸如水资源短缺、污染以及杰克逊维尔特有的风暴潮、飓风和洪水等各种水问题。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“This model calls for technology so advanced that it will be decades before it can be realized.(这个模型需要如此先进的技术，以至于可能需要几十年才能实现)”可知，完全应用这个模型需要很长时间是因为所需技术目前还无法实现。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“This is how these young engineers imagine Jacksonville, a coastal city in Florida in the next 100 years. The model called Agua Prope, meaning clean water, was presented by a team of middle school students from Houston at the Future City Nationals in Washington, DC. The students’ goal was to build a city with a clean and reliable water system.(这些年轻的工程师就是这样设想佛罗里达州沿海城市杰克逊维尔在未来100年后的样子。这个名为Agua Prope（意为“清洁水”）的模型，由来自休斯敦的一群中学生在华盛顿特区举行的“未来城市全国赛”上展示。学生们的目标是打造一个拥有清洁且可靠供水系统的城市)”可知，文章主要围绕学生们对未来城市水供应的设想展开，介绍了他们设计的Agua Prope项目，旨在解决未来城市的水问题，所以C选项“Vision of Future Urban Water Supply”（未来城市水供应的设想）为最佳标题。 Passage 4 （2026·湖南长沙·三模）A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, moving quickly from dry brush toward a cluster of homes. The landscaping at the first house catches fire, but the house itself stubbornly refuses to burn. Any small flames that start along its walls quickly die out. Surprisingly, there is no water in sight. The flames are being put out by sound waves. This type of sound-based fire control may soon play a vital role in fighting wildfires. Understanding this requires knowing fire’s nature. The key ingredients for a fire are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Remove any one, and the fire stops. Sound waves can stop a fire by pushing oxygen molecules away from the fuel, preventing the fire from getting the air it needs to continue its burning reaction. Geoff Bruder, an engineer who previously researched energy at NASA, co-founded Sonic Fire Tech (Sonic for short) to build a machine for this purpose. He explains that the device vibrates the oxygen faster than the fuel can use it, which effectively blocks the chemical reaction. The company has successfully demonstrated fire control from distances up to 25 feet away. Using sound waves to fight fires isn’t a brand-new concept. US research agencies and universities have studied the method for over a decade. However, Albert Simeoni, a fire protection expert, points out the real challenge: scaling up the technology without creating damaging sound effects. Sonic solves this challenge by using infrasound (次声). Unlike previous efforts using 30 — 60 hertz waves, Sonic stays at or below 20 hertz. Therefore, these waves are inaudible (听不见的) to people and travel farther than higher-frequency waves. This technology is practical because homes often catch fire from embers entering roof openings. Sonic’s system uses a device powered by an electric motor to create sound waves, which travel through metal pipes installed on the roof and under its edges. The system activates automatically when sensors detect a flame, creating a kind of force field of infrasound to stop it. Experts note that sound waves generally work best on small flames. Nevertheless, homeowners and public-service companies are eager to try it. Sonic is working with two California companies to demonstrate its technology, and aims to have 50 pilot installations by early 2026. 1. How did the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By describing a scene. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By introducing a concept. 2. What is the key to sound waves putting out a fire according to the text? A．Removing the burning material physically. B．Keeping oxygen away from the burning fuel. C．Reducing the surrounding temperature rapidly. D．Lowering the temperature of the flames directly. 3. What can be inferred about Sonic Fire Tech’s use of infrasound? A．It pioneers the use of sound to fight fires. B．It is designed to produce audible fire alarms. C．It significantly lowers the cost of firefighting. D．It fixes a key problem in earlier sound methods. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A．The growing threat of wildfires in the suburbs. B．An innovative sound technology for firefighting. C．The science behind putting out fires with sound. D．A comparison between sound and water for fire control. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍一种基于声波（次声）的创新灭火技术，解释其原理、优势及应用进展，有望在野火扑救中发挥重要作用。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, moving quickly from dry brush toward a cluster of homes.(一场野火在洛杉矶郊区的山上燃烧，迅速从干枯的灌木丛向一片房屋蔓延。)”可知，作者通过描绘一个场景引入话题。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Sound waves can stop a fire by pushing oxygen molecules away from the fuel, preventing the fire from getting the air it needs to continue its burning reaction.(声波可以通过将氧分子推离燃料来灭火，阻止火焰获得维持燃烧反应所需的空气。)”可知，声波灭火的关键是使氧气远离燃烧的燃料。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“However, Albert Simeoni, a fire protection expert, points out the real challenge: scaling up the technology without creating damaging sound effects. Sonic solves this challenge by using infrasound (次声).(然而，消防专家Albert Simeoni指出了真正的挑战：扩大该技术应用的同时不产生破坏性音效。Sonic公司通过使用次声解决了这一难题。)”可知，该技术解决了早期声波方法中的一个关键问题。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“This type of sound-based fire control may soon play a vital role in fighting wildfires. Understanding this requires knowing fire’s nature.(这种基于声波的灭火技术可能很快将在扑灭野火中发挥关键作用。)”以及全文围绕声波灭火创新技术展开介绍可知，文章主要介绍一种创新的声波消防技术。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2026·河北衡水·模拟预测）As the world’s appetite for electronic devices grows, e-waste is raising alarms. A 2024 UN report reveals 62 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2022, most going to landfills. This harms the environment with poisonous substances, and causes a $62 billion yearly economic loss, as valuable rare earth elements are thrown away. With e-waste rising five times faster than recycling rates, new solutions are urgently needed. Aquafade could be one — a water-soluble (溶水) plastic that breaks down completely in about six hours when placed in water. It could cover electronics and break down when the device is unwanted, making it easier to recover valuable parts. The inspiration came from an unlikely source: dishwasher pods (凝珠). One night, inventor Samuel Wangsaputra noticed the water-soluble film on a pod. Curious, he put one in water and watched it disappear. “I thought, this must be some form of polymer. But where does it go?” he recalled. This led him to explore PVOH, a material used in glue sticks and dishwasher pods. It is safe for food, biodegradable, and could make electronics easier to recycle at home. He teamed up with two material scientists at Imperial College London, to find out more. The challenge was creating a plastic both water-soluble and waterproof. The team developed a coating that protects devices from liquid — but once a screw (螺丝) is removed and the device is placed in water, the cover breaks down within hours, leaving only milky water and valuable electronic parts. However, experts urge caution. Peter Edwards of Oxford University questions whether the broken-down plastic might become microplastics. Michael Shaver of Manchester University adds, “The hard part is in the details — electronics have high requirements. They need to meet high standards for safety, fire resistance, and durability. “These technical difficulties may prove more challenging than expected. Despite the challenges, the Aquafade team dreams of turning today’s e-waste crisis into tomorrow’s clean cycle. 1. What can best describe Samuel Wangsaputra according to paragraph 3? A．Creative and determined. B．Honest and brave. C．Curious and questioning. D．Confident and intelligent. 2. What is a disadvantage of Aquafade? A．Its durability is unsatisfactory. B．Its waterproof feature may fail. C．It takes too long to break down. D．It may lead to microplastic pollution. 3. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of Aquafade? A．Highly skeptical. B．Cautiously hopeful. C．Fully supportive. D．Completely neutral. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A New Invention to Solve E-waste Crisis B．The Harm of E-waste to the Environment C．A Tip to Recycle Electronic Devices Easily D．The Challenge of Developing New Plastics 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一种名为Aquafade的新型水溶性塑料，它有望通过使电子产品更容易回收来减少电子垃圾对环境造成的危害。 【详解】1. 推理判断题。根据第三段“One night, inventor Samuel Wangsaputra noticed the water-soluble film on a pod. Curious, he put one in water and watched it disappear. “I thought, this must be some form of polymer. But where does it go?” he recalled. (一天晚上，发明家Samuel Wangsaputra注意到凝珠上的水溶性薄膜。出于好奇，他把一个放进水里，看着它消失。“我想，这一定是某种聚合物。但它会去哪里呢？”他回忆道。)”可知，Samuel Wangsaputra对凝珠上的水溶性薄膜感到好奇，并提出了问题，这表明他具有好奇和质疑的品质。 2. 细节理解题。根据第五段“However, experts urge caution. Peter Edwards of Oxford University questions whether the broken-down plastic might become microplastics. (然而，专家们敦促谨慎行事。牛津大学的Peter Edwards质疑分解后的塑料是否会变成微塑料。)”可知，Aquafade的一个缺点是它可能会导致微塑料污染。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the challenges, the Aquafade team dreams of turning today’s e-waste crisis into tomorrow’s clean cycle. (尽管面临挑战，Aquafade团队梦想着将今天的电子垃圾危机转化为明天的清洁循环。)”可知，作者对Aquafade的未来持谨慎乐观的态度。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Aquafade could be one — a water-soluble (溶水) plastic that breaks down completely in about six hours when placed in water. It could cover electronics and break down when the device is unwanted, making it easier to recover valuable parts.(Aquafade可能是一种水溶性塑料，在水中放置约6小时后完全分解。它可以覆盖电子设备，并在设备不需要时分解，从而更容易回收有价值的零件)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种名为Aquafade的新型水溶性塑料，它有望解决电子垃圾危机，通过使电子产品更容易回收来减少环境污染和经济损失，故最佳标题为“A New Invention to Solve E-waste Crisis (一项解决电子垃圾危机的新发明)”。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·四川·阶段检测）A robot servant in every home sounds like the stuff of science fiction, but we’re getting closer. Two tech giants, Meta and Apple, have recently begun preparing to go head-to-head in the battle to bring to market humanoid robots that can fold laundry, wash dishes, or even push the kids on the swing. They’re entering a playing field where roughly a dozen other robotics companies are already working on similar projects. They’ll also be up against Tesla, which has been developing its general-purpose robot since 2021. We are still years away from humanoids being commonplace and affordable, but it’s clear that companies are taking the work very seriously. Meta is starting a new unit dedicated to the development of humanoid technology, while Apple’s robotics work is being overseen by Kevin Lynch, who helped create the original Apple smartwatch. Re-creating Rosie, the maid robot from The Jetsons has been the fantasy ever since the cartoon premiered in the 1960s. Robot servants are a blue ocean field of opportunity with no clear leader yet. But taking on a massive project like this one is not for the faint of heart. Apple knows. It spent $10 billion on an electric-vehicle concept, the Apple Car, only to eventually kill the project after numerous setbacks. That’s why tech companies should focus on more realistic artificial intelligence applications, such as robo-taxis and robot vacuums. Creating a humanoid robot that can cook dinner and clean toilets is more difficult, because it requires breakthroughs in hardware, not software. Accurately imitating human muscle movements and distinguishing objects via touch is extraordinarily costly and complicated. Even a revolution in AI does not make these physical obstacles disappear. But AI will help. Tech companies have exhausted all the world’s easily accessible data for training models. What’s left is data grounded in reality, from a robot that is learning — like a child does — how to act in the physical world. Building human-like robots that can interact with humans leads to more data from which their AI can learn, which leads to better AI that improves the robots so they can take on more jobs. Already, China is pouring plenty of startups into humanoid robots. The U.S. is finally recognizing that the competition to build Rosie may be the most critical technological race of the next decade. 1. What can we learn about humanoid robots according to paragraph 1? A．Every family is able to be equipped with a robot servant. B．Meta has a long history in researching and creating humanoid robots. C．Tech companies have been striving to develop human-like robots. D．Apple’s robotics work originates from the Apple smartwatch. 2. Which of the following best explains “the faint of heart” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Companies in a poor financial condition. B．Companies that hesitate to advance new tech. C．Tech companies with unrealistic thoughts. D．Tech companies which are devoted to AI. 3. How will AI help humanoid robots? A．Copy human muscle movements and identify objects via touch. B．Learn practical data from robots and then enhance the robots. C．Provide robots with easily accessible data over the world. D．Build more self-learning robots to interact with humans. 4. Which can be the suitable title for the text? A．The Race for Robot Servant B．Link between Robot and AI C．Challenge for Tech Companies D．Humanoid Robot Will Replace Labor 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 【导语】文章主要讲述了科技公司竞相研发家用类人机器人，面临挑战且AI将助力其发展。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Two tech giants, Meta and Apple, have recently begun preparing to go head-to-head in the battle to bring to market humanoid robots that can fold laundry, wash dishes, or even push the kids on the swing. They’re entering a playing field where roughly a dozen other robotics companies are already working on similar projects.(两大科技巨头Meta和苹果公司最近已开始准备正面交锋，争夺将能叠衣服、洗碗甚至推孩子荡秋千的类人机器人推向市场的机会。它们正进入一个已有大约十几家其他机器人公司在开展类似项目的领域)”可知，科技公司一直在努力研发类人机器人。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Apple knows. It spent $10 billion on an electric-vehicle concept, the Apple Car, only to eventually kill the project after numerous setbacks.(苹果公司深有体会。它在电动汽车概念车Apple Car上投入了100亿美元，最终却在遭遇无数挫折后终止了这个项目)”可知，研发类人机器人这类大型项目难度大、易受挫，因此不适合那些不愿推进新技术、畏难的公司，故“the faint of heart”指“不愿推进新技术的公司”。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Building human-like robots that can interact with humans leads to more data from which their AI can learn, which leads to better AI that improves the robots so they can take on more jobs.(制造能够与人类互动的类人机器人会产生更多可供其人工智能学习的数据，进而催生更先进的人工智能，改进机器人，使其能承担更多工作)”可知，人工智能会从机器人身上获取实用数据，进而改进机器人。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕Meta、苹果、特斯拉等科技公司竞相研发类人机器人（机器人仆人）展开，介绍了研发现状、挑战及竞争态势，因此“机器人仆人的争夺战”最适合作为本文标题。 Passage 7 （25-26高二上·甘肃·期中）Inspired by the Chinese blockbuster film Ne Zha 2, where the immortal Taiyi Zhenren uses the Seven-Coloured Lotus (莲花) to reconstruct bodies, a scientific team in Wuhan, Hubei Province has spent a decade developing real-life bone regeneration technology using lotus. A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds (支架) tailored to bone defect areas. These scaffolds stabilize fractured skeletons while guiding cells to grow along the lotus fiber structures, accelerating bone tissue regeneration. Jiang Xueye, a lead researcher on the team, explained that compared to traditional steel nail implants, the lotus fiber scaffolds address issues such as poor adaptability and extensive surgical exposure. They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. The technology is currently undergoing animal trials and, if successfully applied in clinical settings, could dramatically lower treatment costs and ease suffering for fracture patients, the school noted. Beyond medical breakthroughs, the team has made remarkable progress in developing functional food ingredients and health products from lotus roots. Their patented lotus root powder preserves nearly all nutrients and can be used to create instant drink mixes, fish cakes and cookies, high-activity probiotic products through lactic acid bacteria fermentation (乳酸菌发酵) . The gelatinized (糊化) powder also serves as a material for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. 1. What is the main focus of the research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University? A．Creating traditional steel nail implants. B．Developing new 3D printers. C．Producing functional foods from lotus roots. D．Using lotus root fibers to rebuild bones. 2. What advantage do lotus fiber scaffolds have over traditional steel nail implants? A．They reduce the risk of patient rejection and avoid secondary surgeries. B．They are cheaper to produce. C．They never lead to immune rejection. D．They immediately dissolve post-surgery to prevent infection. 3. What is a potential application of the gelatinized lotus root powder? A．Construction materials for bridges. B．3D-printed foods shaped like characters or objects. C．Clothing for athletes. D．Fuel for vehicles. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the research team’s work? A．Neutral and indifferent. B．Doubtful and critical. C．Enthusiastic and supportive. D．Confused and uncertain. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受电影《哪吒 2》启发，武汉一科研团队用莲藕开发出骨再生技术，还从莲藕中开发出功能性食品成分和健康产品，介绍了这些成果的优势及应用前景。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds (支架) tailored to bone defect areas. (武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院的一个研究团队开创了一项突破性的医学应用，使用莲藕纤维提取物。通过采用3D打印技术，他们创建了针对骨缺损区域的定制骨支架。)”可知，该研究团队的主要关注点是用莲藕纤维重建骨骼。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Jiang Xueye, a lead researcher on the team, explained that compared to traditional steel nail implants, the lotus fiber scaffolds address issues such as poor adaptability and extensive surgical exposure. They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. (团队首席研究员江雪叶解释说，与传统钢钉植入物相比，莲藕纤维支架解决了适应性差和手术暴露范围大等问题。它们还显著降低了患者排斥的风险。至关重要的是，支架的降解与新骨生长的速度完美对应，无需进行二次移除手术。)”可知，与传统钢钉植入物相比，莲藕纤维支架降低了患者排斥的风险，避免了二次手术。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The gelatinized (糊化) powder also serves as a material for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. (糊化粉末还可作为3D打印食品的材料，这预示着未来可以按需制作出像哪吒或他的风火轮那样形状的富有想象力的美食。)”可知，糊化莲藕根粉的潜在应用是制作成3D打印的像人物或物体形状的食物。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Inspired by the Chinese blockbuster film Ne Zha 2, where the immortal Taiyi Zhenren uses the Seven-Coloured Lotus (莲花) to reconstruct bodies, a scientific team in Wuhan, Hubei Province has spent a decade developing real-life bone regeneration technology using lotus. (受中国大片《哪吒 2》的启发，片中仙人太乙真人用七色莲花重塑身体，湖北省武汉市的一个科研团队花了十年时间开发出用莲藕进行现实生活中的骨再生技术。)”以及后文对该团队成果的详细介绍可知，作者对研究团队的工作持热情和支持的态度。故选C项。 Passage 8 （25-26高二上·安徽宿州·期末）A group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. The technique could make a big difference in places like the city of Abeokuta. Violent conflicts and desertification — the process by which rich land becomes desert — have made huge amounts of land unsuitable for farming. Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. “We are putting an end to seasonal food shortage in Nigeria,” said Ogbole, “Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires — we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning you can plant anytime of the year. We can harvest anytime of the year,” said Ogbole. But setting up the aeroponic farm was not easy. It required more than $210,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. “It took a lot of effort to change people’s minds about aeroponics,” said Ogbole. In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used, instead of the 78. 5 million hectares required for food security. Violent conflicts and desertification are the top reasons the farmland is being lost. And only 49 percent of the land is rich. Besides, most farmers do not have the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They are also in need of high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. For now, technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward. 1. What is special about aeroponics? A．Crops are not grown in soil. B．Crops can grow all by themselves. C．Crops without roots can grow well. D．Crops can grow well without water. 2. What does the new method enable farmers to do? A．Reduce the costs of farming. B．Produce crops of higher quality. C．Grow crops whenever they like. D．Keep crops fresh for a longer period. 3. What do we know about Abeokuta from the passage? A．There is plenty of rich land there. B．Most farmers there are technologically skilled ones. C．Many farmers there are terribly violent. D．Some people there don’t approve of aeroponics. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A．Ways to turn deserts into rich land. B．A new approach to growing crops. C．Techniques for developing high-quality seeds. D．The importance of fighting against desertification. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了尼日利亚的生物化学家Samson Ogbole和他的团队不需土壤就能耕作的气雾栽培技术，来解决耕地不足、食物短缺的问题。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. (这种被称为“气雾栽培”的方法并不使用土壤。相反，植物的根部悬挂在空中)”可知，气雾栽培技术顾名思义就是耕作不使用土，而是让植株直接接触空气。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段““Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires — we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning you can plant anytime of the year. We can harvest anytime of the year,” said Ogbole. (Ogbole说：“因为植物所需的一切都由我们掌控——我们不再依赖季节。所以这不再是季节性种植，而是全年随时都能耕作，也就是说你可以随时种植，随时收获。”)”可知，气雾栽培技术的之一是农民可以随时种植作物。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming.(而阿贝奥库塔的一些人则强烈反对这种非传统的耕作方式)”可知，在阿贝奥库塔的一些人非常反对气雾栽培技术。故选D 。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. (在尼日利亚，有一群农民正在采用一种基于技术的种植方法来种植作物。这种方法被称为“气雾栽培”，它不使用土壤。相反，植物的根部悬挂在空中)”可知，文章主要说明了尼日利亚的生物化学家Samson Ogbole和他的团队不需土壤就能耕作的气雾栽培技术，来解决耕地不足、食物短缺的问题。由此可知，文章主要介绍了一种新的耕作方法。故选B。 Passage 9 （25-26高二上·湖南湘潭·期末）“Dead reckoning” (航位推算) is a very common term said by captains in pirate movies. In the early 1700s, it meant using tools like the astrolabe and compass to chart a course across the sea. These early tools only measured latitude (纬度). Longitude, that is, the east-west position on the earth, was mostly a guess, and reckoning without accuracy meant disasters were common. One example was the 1707 Scilly disaster, in which some British warships reckoned wrong position and hit on a huge rock, claiming nearly 2,000 lives. These common disasters highlighted the urgent need for a safe method to determine a ship’s east-west position while at sea. Recognizing the severity of the problem, Queen Anne of Great Britain issued the Longitude Act in 1714, challenging scientists and inventors to find a practical solution. The British government offered a substantial cash prize to anyone who could find a method for determining longitude accurately at sea. This challenge inspired innovations in timekeeping, leading to the invention of the marine chronometer — a highly accurate clock that could keep time despite the rolling of a ship. The marine chronometer came to be thanks to the efforts of John Harrison, a self-taught clockmaker in the mid-1700s. He took Queen Anne’s challenge to heart and began work on smaller, lighter clocks that used a series of springs and wooden gears (齿轮) rather than pendulums (钟摆) to keep tension on the original metal gears so that they clicked forward with precision. After years of testing, Harrison finally succeeded. Using his clock, the measurements of latitude and a map, people at the sea could reckon where they were with great accuracy. The invention of the marine chronometer completely changed the history of sailing by allowing sailors to compare the time at a known reference point with the local time at their current position, thus figuring out their longitude precisely. This breakthrough largely reduced reckoning errors and made long-distance sea travel safer and more reliable. 1. What was the main problem of “Dead reckoning” in the 18th century? A．It had to rely on tools. B．It was not very reliable. C．It was mastered only by pirates. D．It charted one course at a time. 2. What was mainly talked about in Paragraph 3? A．The seriousness of disasters on the sea. B．The laws and rules issued by the Queen. C．The challenges facing scientists and inventors. D．The measures to encourage longitude reckoning. 3. What played a key role in John Harrison’s invention? A．Good maps. B．Some springs. C．Metal gears. D．Wooden pendulums. 4. What is the significance of the marine chronometer? A．It shortened the time of sailing. B．It helped create many more courses. C．It provided a more precise reference point. D．It reduced the chance of wrong reckoning of position. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了航位推算在历史上的问题、解决过程及海洋计时器的重要意义。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“These early tools only measured latitude (纬度). Longitude, that is, the east-west position on the earth, was mostly a guess, and reckoning without accuracy meant disasters were common.(这些早期的工具只能测量纬度。经度，也就是地球上的东西位置，大多是猜测出来的，而且不准确的推算意味着灾难是常见的)”可知，18世纪“航位推算”的主要问题是不够准确，不太可靠。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Recognizing the severity of the problem, Queen Anne of Great Britain issued the Longitude Act in 1714, challenging scientists and inventors to find a practical solution. The British government offered a substantial cash prize to anyone who could find a method for determining longitude accurately at sea.(认识到问题的严重性，英国女王安妮于1714年颁布了《经度法案》，挑战科学家和发明家找到一个切实可行的解决方案。英国政府向任何能在海上准确确定经度的人提供巨额现金奖励)”可知，本段主要讲了为鼓励确定经度所采取的措施。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“He took Queen Anne’s challenge to heart and began work on smaller, lighter clocks that used a series of springs and wooden gears (齿轮) rather than pendulums (钟摆) to keep tension on the original metal gears so that they clicked forward with precision.(他认真对待安妮女王的挑战，开始研制更小、更轻的钟表，这些钟表使用一系列弹簧和木制齿轮，而不是钟摆，来保持原始金属齿轮的张力，使它们能够精确地向前移动)”可知，一些弹簧在约翰·哈里森的发明中起了关键作用。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The invention of the marine chronometer completely changed the history of sailing by allowing sailors to compare the time at a known reference point with the local time at their current position, thus figuring out their longitude precisely. This breakthrough largely reduced reckoning errors and made long-distance sea travel safer and more reliable.(海洋计时器的发明通过允许水手将已知参考点的时间与他们当前位置的当地时间进行比较，从而精确地计算出他们的经度，彻底改变了航海史。这一突破在很大程度上减少了推算错误，使长途海上旅行更加安全和可靠)”可知，海洋计时器的意义在于它减少了位置推算错误的可能性。故选D。 Passage 10 （2026·河北·一模）A new study from the University of Sheffield is investigating how social robots can help to reduce anxiety and worry in children during their stay in hospital. Researchers will explore the types of interactions between social robots — which interact with humans through speech and movements — and patients aged five to twelve at Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Led by Brenda Littler, the Sheffield team will assess the reaction and emotional impact of meeting the robots which are thought to help reduce negative feelings in children who often feel nervous about going into hospital. Ten-year-old Brandon goes to Sheffield Children’s Hospital every two weeks for treatment for eczema (湿疹) which he has suffered from since the age of two. Brandon’s appointments with his doctor can last four hours, but meeting the robots has helped to make them a lot more interesting. He met Pepper, a tall humanoid robot, and MiRo, an animal-like robot. Pepper can be programmed to move, talk, and even dance, while MiRo can make animal- like sounds and has sensory and motor abilities. “Sheffield Children’s Hospital is committed to advancing the care of the children and young people we look after,” said Paul Dimitri, Professor of Child Health and Consultant in Paediatric Endocrinology at Sheffield Children’s Hospital, who is supervising (监督) the project. “Brenda’s work is helping us to understand how our patients react and respond to different types of social robots, and how we best use them in children’s healthcare, all of which are new to us. Using such new insights, Sheffield Children’s Hospital can develop a diverse range of novel technologies to support the development of world-leading technologies for children’s healthcare.” The robots have visited four areas of Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Despite the promising signs, this study points to the need for more research and development. Large-scale tests that compare social robots in different hospital settings and long-term studies with child patients are needed to gain deeper insights and make using social robots in child care more practical. 1. What is the Sheffield team’s primary concern? A．Robots’ role in speeding recovery. B．Child patients’ emotional well-being. C．Social robots’ wide use in healthcare. D．Kids’ awareness of social interaction. 2. How do social robots help patients like Brandon? A．By reducing their fear of doctors. B．By shortening the time in hospital. C．By making their hospital visits fun. D．By providing entertaining treatment. 3. What does Professor Paul Dimitri say about the research? A．It is patient-inspiring. B．It pioneers social robots. C．It is ground-breaking. D．It stresses diversified care. 4. What does the author imply about the robots in the last paragraph? A．Their hospital value needs further proof. B．Their use in child healthcare lacks practice. C．Their influences may vary with the setting. D．Their long- term benefits might go unnoticed. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交机器人对住院儿童情绪的积极作用及相关研究。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Led by Brenda Littler, the Sheffield team will assess the reaction and emotional impact of meeting the robots which are thought to help reduce negative feelings in children who often feel nervous about going into hospital.(谢菲尔德团队由布伦达·利特尔领导，将评估与机器人会面对儿童的影响和情感冲击，这些机器人被认为有助于减少儿童对住院的紧张等负面情绪)”可知，谢菲尔德团队的主要关注点是儿童患者的情绪健康。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Brandon’s appointments with his doctor can last four hours, but meeting the robots has helped to make them a lot more interesting.(布兰登和医生的预约可能持续四个小时，但与机器人会面让这些时间变得有趣多了)”可知，社交机器人通过让像布兰登这样的患者的医院就诊变得有趣来帮助他们。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Brenda’s work is helping us to understand how our patients react and respond to different types of social robots, and how we best use them in children’s healthcare, all of which are new to us.(布伦达的工作正在帮助我们了解患者对不同类型社交机器人的反应和回应，以及如何在儿童医疗保健中最好地使用它们，所有这些都是我们新的领域)”可推知，保罗·迪米特里教授认为这项研究具有开创性。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite the promising signs, this study points to the need for more research and development. Large-scale tests that compare social robots in different hospital settings and long-term studies with child patients are needed to gain deeper insights and make using social robots in child care more practical.(尽管有希望的迹象，但这项研究指出需要更多的研究和开发。需要在不同医院环境中比较社交机器人并进行大规模测试，以及与儿童患者进行长期研究，以获得更深入的见解，并使在儿童护理中使用社交机器人更加实用)”可推知，作者暗示机器人在医院中的价值需要进一步证明。故选A。 Passage 11 （2026·江西赣州·一模）Plastic has always been a double-edged sword — multi-purpose and cheap, but chemically stable. Traditional recycling methods involve multiple stages of sorting, cleaning, and melting (融化), which are energy-intensive and degrade the material’s quality. Turning plastic into fuel has been explored before, but existing techniques require high heat, complex catalysts (催化剂), and often produce impure results. Now, a groundbreaking cooperation between scientists in the US and China has brought the world one step closer to a real solution. Using a specially designed catalytic reaction, researchers found a way to break down long plastic polymer (聚合物) chains into short hydrocarbon molecules — the building blocks of fuel — in a single step. The team’s secret lies in a novel catalytic material that operates at medium temperatures — far lower than those used in conventional methods. Unlike traditional recycling, which melts plastic into lower-grade products, this catalyst essentially reduces plastics into usable hydrocarbon chains in just a few hours. The output can then be further processed into fuels for vehicles or even planes. According to Professor Zhang Wei, a chemical engineer from the Chinese partner university, the process transforms 95% of the plastic into usable hydrocarbons, leaving minimal remains and almost no harmful byproducts. The implications of this breakthrough extend far beyond scientific curiosity. If widely used, the one-step plastic-to-fuel method could dramatically reduce both plastic waste and non-renewable fuel dependence. Promising as the results are, experts stress that the cost of catalysts, the difficulty of collecting mixed plastic waste, and the issue of carbon emissions from burning fuels are key challenges to be addressed. For this reason, scientists see the innovation not as an end point, but as a temporary fix toward a cleaner future. While questions remain, this innovation marks a hopeful turn in humanity’s long battle with plastic waste. It transforms what was once pollution into power and demonstrates that the solutions to big problems often lie in rethinking waste not as garbage-but as potential. 1. What is a key advantage of the new method of recycling plastics? A．Low costs. B．Simple processes. C．High security. D．Adjustable reaction. 2. What does the novel catalyst help with? A．Speeding up waste collection. B．Adjusting the operating temperature. C．Minimizing harmful byproducts. D．Turning plastics into basic chemicals. 3. How do scientists regard the method? A．A dead end. B．A starting point. C．A stepping stone. D．A definite answer. 4. What inspiration does the innovation bring to us? A．New views create possibilities. B．Human effort overcomes challenges. C．Close teamwork works wonders. D．Tough problems lead to innovations. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中美科学家合作研发的一种新型塑料回收方法，该方法可通过特殊催化反应一步将塑料转化为可用烃类物质，同时分析了其优势、面临的挑战及带来的启示。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Using a specially designed catalytic reaction, researchers found a way to break down long plastic polymer (聚合物) chains into short hydrocarbon molecules — the building blocks of fuel — in a single step. (通过采用一种特别设计的催化反应，研究人员找到了一种方法，能够将长的塑料聚合物链在单一步骤中分解为短的碳氢化合物分子——这些就是燃料的构成单元。)”可知，新回收方法的关键优势是流程简单。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“According to Professor Zhang Wei, a chemical engineer from the Chinese partner university, the process transforms 95% of the plastic into usable hydrocarbons, leaving minimal remains and almost no harmful byproducts. (据来自中方合作大学的化学工程师张伟教授介绍，该过程能将 95% 的塑料转化为可用的烃类物质，仅留下少量残留物，且几乎不会产生有害副产品。)”可知，新型催化剂有助于将塑料转化为基础化学物质。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“For this reason, scientists see the innovation not as an end point, but as a temporary fix toward a cleaner future. (基于此，科学家们并不将这种创新视为最终目标，而将其视为迈向更清洁未来的暂时解决方案。)”可知，科学家把该方法看作垫脚石、过渡手段。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It transforms what was once pollution into power and demonstrates that the solutions to big problems often lie in rethinking waste not as garbage-but as potential. (它将曾经的污染物转化为能源，表明解决重大问题的方法往往在于重新思考：垃圾并非废物，而是潜在资源。)” 可知，这项创新带给我们的启示是新的视角创造可能性。故选A。 Passage 12 （25-26高二上·陕西西安·期末）Most air conditioners use refrigerant gases called HFCs (氢氟碳化合物), which are hundreds of times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than CO2. Researchers have long sought ways to produce cooling systems that do without these troublesome gases. Now Exergyn, a Dublin-based company, claims to have developed a new type of air conditioning which avoids using HFCs. Exergyn’s system uses nitinol, a shape-memory alloy (合金) of nickel and titanium. All shape-memory alloys release heat when compressed (压缩), and then absorb it when the pressure is released and they return to their original shape. But Exergyn’s version of nitinol displays this quality to a remarkable degree. For its experimental model, the company produced 4cm2 plates of the alloy, each with holes to permit the passage of a heat-carrying liquid or gas. A range of eco-friendly substances such as water, salty water and air can be employed in that role, thus avoiding the use of HFCs. Kevin O’Toole, Exergyn’s managing director, explains, “To build a refrigerator involves fitting these plates together into stacks of 50 or more. Four stacks make a unit. The stacks are compressed in turn. At any given moment, one stack is being compressed, one released, one pre-heated and one pre-cooled. To cool a room involves passing one hot circuit and one cold circuit of the heat-carrying fluid or gas through this four-stack unit.” This method of cooling is not only more environmentally friendly than an HFC set-up, but will also be less expensive to buy and 30% — 40% cheaper to run. It will be lighter and smaller, too. As for reliability, the prototype’s performance suggests the unit could operate for more than 40 years without a problem. Development is still continuing, but products may be only a few years away. Exergyn has also begun talks with carmakers and aerospace companies about setting up joint-development projects. With cars and some small aircraft going electric, it is not just cooling the cabin that manufacturers have to think about, but also cooling the batteries. 1. Why did Exergyn develop a new type of air conditioning? A．Because HFCs are harmful to the atmosphere. B．Because traditional air conditioners are too expensive to run. C．Because nitinol is easier to get than HFCs in the market. D．Because researchers forced the company to do so. 2. Which aspect of Exergyn’s new air conditioning system is mainly described in paragraph 3? A．Its costs. B．Its designer. C．Its advantage. D．Its working process. 3. What will Exergyn do next? A．It is likely to expand its business. B．It will shift its focus to battery production. C．It plans to greatly increase its advertising spend. D．It will set up a company to produce vehicles. 4. What can be the best title for the passage? A．Air Conditioners: A Method of Cooling B．Nitinol: A Cooler Alternative C．Exergyn: A New Company D．CO2 and HFCs: Potential Crises 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了都柏林公司Exergyn研发的一种新型空调系统，该系统使用镍钛形状记忆合金替代传统制冷剂HFCs，既环保又高效，并展望了其在汽车、航空等领域的应用前景。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Most air conditioners use refrigerant gases called HFCs (氢氟碳化合物), which are hundreds of times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than CO₂. Researchers have long sought ways to produce cooling systems that do without these troublesome gases.(大多数空调使用被称为氢氟碳化合物（HFCs）的制冷剂气体，它们在大气中捕获热量的能力是二氧化碳的数百倍。长期以来，研究人员一直在寻找无需使用这些麻烦气体的制冷系统。)”可知，Exergyn研发新型空调是因为HFCs对大气有害。故选A。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Kevin O’Toole, Exergyn’s managing director, explains, “To build a refrigerator involves fitting these plates together into stacks of 50 or more. Four stacks make a unit. The stacks are compressed in turn. At any given moment, one stack is being compressed, one released, one pre-heated and one pre-cooled. To cool a room involves passing one hot circuit and one cold circuit of the heat-carrying fluid or gas through this four-stack unit.”(Kevin O’Toole，Exergyn的总经理，解释道：“要制造一台冰箱，需要将这些合金片组装成50片或更多片的堆叠组。四个堆叠组构成一个单元。这些堆叠组会依次被压缩。在任何时刻，一个堆叠组处于被压缩状态，一个处于释放状态，一个处于预热状态，还有一个处于预冷状态。给房间降温需要让载热流体或气体的一个热回路和一个冷回路通过这个四堆叠组单元。”)”可知，第三段主要描述了该空调系统的工作过程。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Exergyn has also begun talks with carmakers and aerospace companies about setting up joint-development projects. With cars and some small aircraft going electric, it is not just cooling the cabin that manufacturers have to think about, but also cooling the batteries.(Exergyn还开始与汽车制造商和航空航天公司洽谈，计划建立联合开发项目。随着汽车和一些小型飞机实现电动化，制造商不仅要考虑冷却座舱，还要考虑冷却电池。)”可知，Exergyn下一步很可能会拓展其业务领域。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Exergyn’s system uses nitinol, a shape-memory alloy (合金) of nickel and titanium. All shape-memory alloys release heat when compressed (压缩), and then absorb it when the pressure is released and they return to their original shape.(Exergyn的系统使用镍钛诺，一种镍和钛的形状记忆合金。所有形状记忆合金在被压缩时释放热量，然后在压力释放并恢复到原始形状时吸收热量。)”以及第四段“This method of cooling is not only more environmentally friendly than an HFC set-up, but will also be less expensive to buy and 30% — 40% cheaper to run.(这种冷却方法不仅比HFC装置更环保，而且购买成本更低，运行成本也低30%至40%。)”可知，文章核心是介绍Exergyn公司利用镍钛合金（nitinol）研发出一种新型环保空调，替代了传统的HFCs制冷剂。因此，“Nitinol: A Cooler Alternative(镍钛合金：一种更环保的制冷选择)”最能概括全文内容。故选B。 2 / 26乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $暑期 · 题型突破 集中练02阅读理解（说明文） 选必一 题型重点突破（人教版） （解题指导+名校真题） 一、解题指导：阅读理解（说明文） 1. 行文结构清晰：总分 / 总分总结构，首段引出未来科技、创新发明等核心对象；中间分原理、构造、优缺点、研发过程分层；末段介绍应用前景、行业影响；段落常用 but、however、besides、looking ahead 逻辑词分割层次。 2. 题材统一聚焦未来科技：涵盖智能材料、配送机器人、未来城市、声波灭火、新型环保材料、类人机器人、医用莲藕支架、气雾农业、航海仪器、医疗陪护机器人、塑料催化回收、合金制冷设备，全部围绕创新技术，文本客观科普，极少主观抒情。 3. 题型标准化：固定段落主旨、细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、文章标题五类，严格遵循题文同序，题目顺序和原文段落顺序一一对应。 4. 通用作答准则：先看题干再回文定位，所有答案必须原文有对应语句；细节题优先同义替换选项，推理不能直接摘抄原文；含 only、all、never 绝对词汇选项直接排除。 二、答题技巧 1. 信息获取（细节理解，占比最高） 人名、数字专有名词定位，圈技术名称、材料、研发主体快速锁定；科技流程题抓取 then、after 等连接词梳理步骤。 例：Passage1 第 2 题关键词 magnetic film，直接定位第三段远程控制内容；Passage7 莲藕支架题锁定 3D 打印、二次手术关键词作答。 2. 段落主旨题 重点看段首总起句，无总起则整合整段动作、原理；段落对比类（简单外观 vs 复杂原理）优先选对比选项。 例：Passage1 第 1 题第二段 simple 与 complex 形成对比，直接对应 A 选项；Passage2 第 3 段概括机器人感知环境 + 传递意图两层内容。 3. 词义 & 句意猜测题 依托转折、举例、后置解释猜词；短语结合前后失败 / 研发难度语境判断含义。 例：Passage6 “the faint of heart” 根据苹果造车受挫案例，推出畏难、不愿攻坚的企业。 4. 推理判断题（作用、态度、前景） 技术前景看文末展望句；作者态度看褒义评价词，有突破性、开创性等词汇则持支持态度；场景应用推理结合段落行业方向（软体机器人对应微创手术）。 例：Passage7 文末十年研发、多重成果推出作者 enthusiastic；Passage1 软体机器人段落推出手术器械应用。 5. 主旨与标题题 科技说明文主旨公式：新型技术 + 优势 + 应用前景；标题需包含核心技术名词，排除只谈问题、只讲弊端的片面选项。 例：Passage12 核心 nitinol 合金制冷，标题锁定 Nitinol: A Cooler Alternative；Passage4 全文围绕声波灭火技术，主旨选创新声波消防技术。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·江西·期末） Imagine a delicate Chinese festival lantern, not made from paper, but from a smart polymer (聚合物) that can change shape on command without motors or wires. This real-world creation from North Carolina State University researchers is a breakthrough redefining possibilities in materials science. At first glance, the polymer lantern seems simple. Yet within this delicate structure lies a world of complex physics. It is bistable—able to rest naturally in two stable shapes. One is its relaxed, lantern-like form; the other is a pressed, spinning-top-like shape. When pushed down, it slowly bends, storing energy until it suddenly turns into its second form. When released, the stored energy bursts free, turning it back instantly to its original lantern shape. This feature makes it programmable, as slight twists to its structure can predictably create a variety of shapes, unlocking its potential beyond a simple toy. But the real magic comes from how these transformations can be controlled from a distance. A magnetic film (磁性薄膜) attached to the structure’s base allows it to move without physical contact. With this capability, the lantern becomes a dynamic device that can perform work, move and interact with its environment. Its potential is demonstrated by striking examples: a gentle holder to catch fish and a smart water flow controller — both powered only by the physics of the material itself. To fully understand and control this lantern’s behavior, the team developed an advanced mathematical model to precisely program its shape, stability, and power. “All of those factors are critical for creating shapes that can perform desired applications,” said one researcher. This research opens a new chapter for soft robotics, which seeks to replace hard components with flexible and intelligent materials. By combining multiple units, the researchers are looking ahead to new shape-changing surfaces or structures. At its heart, the research captures something poetic: the ability of matter to remember, adapt and move. The polymer Chinese lantern doesn’t just shine — it breathes, it moves, and it teaches us that the boundary between living and engineered systems is growing thinner every day. 1. What is the primary function of paragraph 2? A．To contrast its simple look with complex physics. B．To describe how it is made. C．To show it’s better than paper lanterns. D．To introduce practical uses. 2. The magnetic film allows the lantern to ________. A．store more energy. B．have two stable shapes. C．be controlled remotely. D．stay strong in tough conditions. 3. Which future use is most likely based on the text? A．A shape-changing tool for inside-body surgery. B．A sun-activated hardening building material. C．A part turning heat into continuous motion. D．A light-sensitive color-changing window film. 4. The research is most important because it may ________. A．cut the cost of festival items. B．offer new ways to monitor the environment. C．Blur (使模糊) the line between non-living and responsive systems. D．replace electronics with polymers. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林·期中）Postmates, an American delivery company, has built a robot, called Serve, which was designed to make short-distance deliveries in cities. To know what’s going on, Serve has a laser radar (激光雷达) sensor on top, in which spinning lasers let it detect objects around it and know how far away they are. Also, behind each artificial eye is a camera, with six more imaging devices spread around the robot. Inside it is another sensor that allows Postmates to know if there is a package in there. “One of our key decisions early on was to rely heavily on the robot’s ability to see the environment,” says Ali Kashani, the vice president for robotics at Postmates. “Since the sidewalk is a very chaotic environment,” he points out, “the robot needs to be able to take it all in and figure out what to do. This robot, and many like it, also must be able to show their intentions to the pedestrians (行人). For that, it has a number of approaches. One is using its eyes; another is a colorful light ring that goes around the top. When it wants to make way for a pedestrian, it will use its eyes and look down,” he explains. “It can also use the lights on the top as a turn signal, which is obvious, and also look left and right when it’s turning left and right.” “Using eye movements and other silent signals is a good idea,” says Aaron Steinfeld, a professor of human-robot interaction. Serve is intended for sidewalks and Steinfeld says that environment is challenging. People usually walk fast while staring at a smartphone. For a robot, that’s a lot. “We have active research on robot moving socially around walking people,” he says. “And it’s really tricky to do this well.” Postmates plans to use Serve in Los Angeles at first, and its intended task is to move small objects over short distances. The robot can travel 30 miles on one charge and is able to carry 50 pounds. 1. What is the function of Serve? A．To make short-distance deliveries. B．To clean city sidewalks. C．To guide pedestrians on roads. D．To carry heavy goods for the deliverymen. 2. How does Serve know about the objects around it? A．By following GPS signals. B．By asking the deliverymen for help. C．By using a laser radar sensor. D．By communicating with pedestrians. 3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The design of Serve’s artificial eyes. B．Aaron Steinfeld’s research on robots. C．Why streets are dangerous for pedestrians. D．How Serve senses the environment and shows intentions. 4. What can be known from the last paragraph? A．Serve is able to carry heavy goods. B．Serve will first be used in Los Angeles. C．Serve can travel 50 miles on one charge. D．Serve will be used in all U.S. cities soon. Passage 3 （2026·海南海口·模拟预测）This is how these young engineers imagine Jacksonville, a coastal city in Florida in the next 100 years. The model called Agua Prope, meaning clean water, was presented by a team of middle school students from Houston at the Future City Nationals in Washington, DC． The students’ goal was to build a city with a clean and reliable water system. Many members on the Houston team come from Karachi, Pakistan’s largest and most populated city, where water shortages and the lack of access to clean water are persistent problems. Karachi is very underdeveloped right now. A lot of people are on the streets; they don’t have water to drink or they’re drinking polluted water and are badly in need of money. It’s very hard to even take showers over there. The water there costs a lot, and sometimes it’s polluted, which sometimes causes problems such as diarrhea (腹泻), and you don’t have water in the house for days. Students on the Houston team say their model includes a strong system that monitors supply and demand, storage, filtration (过滤), and diversion of conventional as well as flood waters across the Jacksonville landscape. Their project is Agua Prope, located in Jacksonville, Florida. The main problems in Jacksonville are storm surges, hurricanes and floods. Actually a lot of problems caused by water shortage and pollution are going on internationally right now. Organizers say some models are actually put into practice. They’re not only asking the participants to think about these challenges, but also empowering them in their solutions. This model calls for technology so advanced that it will be decades before it can be realized. But the students say they hope one day within the next 50 years, their vision of a clean water city will become a reality. 1. What inspired the students to design the Agua Prope project? A．Their personal experience of severe water problems. B．The flood control problems in their hometown. C．The request from the Jacksonville government. D．A competition prize for building water systems. 2. What do we learn about the Agua Prope project? A．It can predict natural disasters correctly. B．It takes various water problems into consideration. C．It gets widely recognized by governments. D．It centers on landscape improvement of cities. 3. Why will it take so long to apply this model entirely? A．Because Jacksonville refuses to use it. B．Because it proves harmful to the environment. C．Because the government hasn’t provided funds. D．Because the required technology is still unavailable. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Lack of Clean Water in Future Cities B．Popularity of Future City Competition C．Vision of Future Urban Water Supply D．Standards for Future Urban Construction Passage 4 （2026·湖南长沙·三模）A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, moving quickly from dry brush toward a cluster of homes. The landscaping at the first house catches fire, but the house itself stubbornly refuses to burn. Any small flames that start along its walls quickly die out. Surprisingly, there is no water in sight. The flames are being put out by sound waves. This type of sound-based fire control may soon play a vital role in fighting wildfires. Understanding this requires knowing fire’s nature. The key ingredients for a fire are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Remove any one, and the fire stops. Sound waves can stop a fire by pushing oxygen molecules away from the fuel, preventing the fire from getting the air it needs to continue its burning reaction. Geoff Bruder, an engineer who previously researched energy at NASA, co-founded Sonic Fire Tech (Sonic for short) to build a machine for this purpose. He explains that the device vibrates the oxygen faster than the fuel can use it, which effectively blocks the chemical reaction. The company has successfully demonstrated fire control from distances up to 25 feet away. Using sound waves to fight fires isn’t a brand-new concept. US research agencies and universities have studied the method for over a decade. However, Albert Simeoni, a fire protection expert, points out the real challenge: scaling up the technology without creating damaging sound effects. Sonic solves this challenge by using infrasound (次声). Unlike previous efforts using 30 — 60 hertz waves, Sonic stays at or below 20 hertz. Therefore, these waves are inaudible (听不见的) to people and travel farther than higher-frequency waves. This technology is practical because homes often catch fire from embers entering roof openings. Sonic’s system uses a device powered by an electric motor to create sound waves, which travel through metal pipes installed on the roof and under its edges. The system activates automatically when sensors detect a flame, creating a kind of force field of infrasound to stop it. Experts note that sound waves generally work best on small flames. Nevertheless, homeowners and public-service companies are eager to try it. Sonic is working with two California companies to demonstrate its technology, and aims to have 50 pilot installations by early 2026. 1. How did the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By describing a scene. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By introducing a concept. 2. What is the key to sound waves putting out a fire according to the text? A．Removing the burning material physically. B．Keeping oxygen away from the burning fuel. C．Reducing the surrounding temperature rapidly. D．Lowering the temperature of the flames directly. 3. What can be inferred about Sonic Fire Tech’s use of infrasound? A．It pioneers the use of sound to fight fires. B．It is designed to produce audible fire alarms. C．It significantly lowers the cost of firefighting. D．It fixes a key problem in earlier sound methods. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A．The growing threat of wildfires in the suburbs. B．An innovative sound technology for firefighting. C．The science behind putting out fires with sound. D．A comparison between sound and water for fire control. Passage 5 （2026·河北衡水·模拟预测）As the world’s appetite for electronic devices grows, e-waste is raising alarms. A 2024 UN report reveals 62 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2022, most going to landfills. This harms the environment with poisonous substances, and causes a $62 billion yearly economic loss, as valuable rare earth elements are thrown away. With e-waste rising five times faster than recycling rates, new solutions are urgently needed. Aquafade could be one — a water-soluble (溶水) plastic that breaks down completely in about six hours when placed in water. It could cover electronics and break down when the device is unwanted, making it easier to recover valuable parts. The inspiration came from an unlikely source: dishwasher pods (凝珠). One night, inventor Samuel Wangsaputra noticed the water-soluble film on a pod. Curious, he put one in water and watched it disappear. “I thought, this must be some form of polymer. But where does it go?” he recalled. This led him to explore PVOH, a material used in glue sticks and dishwasher pods. It is safe for food, biodegradable, and could make electronics easier to recycle at home. He teamed up with two material scientists at Imperial College London, to find out more. The challenge was creating a plastic both water-soluble and waterproof. The team developed a coating that protects devices from liquid — but once a screw (螺丝) is removed and the device is placed in water, the cover breaks down within hours, leaving only milky water and valuable electronic parts. However, experts urge caution. Peter Edwards of Oxford University questions whether the broken-down plastic might become microplastics. Michael Shaver of Manchester University adds, “The hard part is in the details — electronics have high requirements. They need to meet high standards for safety, fire resistance, and durability. “These technical difficulties may prove more challenging than expected. Despite the challenges, the Aquafade team dreams of turning today’s e-waste crisis into tomorrow’s clean cycle. 1. What can best describe Samuel Wangsaputra according to paragraph 3? A．Creative and determined. B．Honest and brave. C．Curious and questioning. D．Confident and intelligent. 2. What is a disadvantage of Aquafade? A．Its durability is unsatisfactory. B．Its waterproof feature may fail. C．It takes too long to break down. D．It may lead to microplastic pollution. 3. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of Aquafade? A．Highly skeptical. B．Cautiously hopeful. C．Fully supportive. D．Completely neutral. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A New Invention to Solve E-waste Crisis B．The Harm of E-waste to the Environment C．A Tip to Recycle Electronic Devices Easily D．The Challenge of Developing New Plastics Passage 6 （25-26高二上·四川·阶段检测）A robot servant in every home sounds like the stuff of science fiction, but we’re getting closer. Two tech giants, Meta and Apple, have recently begun preparing to go head-to-head in the battle to bring to market humanoid robots that can fold laundry, wash dishes, or even push the kids on the swing. They’re entering a playing field where roughly a dozen other robotics companies are already working on similar projects. They’ll also be up against Tesla, which has been developing its general-purpose robot since 2021. We are still years away from humanoids being commonplace and affordable, but it’s clear that companies are taking the work very seriously. Meta is starting a new unit dedicated to the development of humanoid technology, while Apple’s robotics work is being overseen by Kevin Lynch, who helped create the original Apple smartwatch. Re-creating Rosie, the maid robot from The Jetsons has been the fantasy ever since the cartoon premiered in the 1960s. Robot servants are a blue ocean field of opportunity with no clear leader yet. But taking on a massive project like this one is not for the faint of heart. Apple knows. It spent $10 billion on an electric-vehicle concept, the Apple Car, only to eventually kill the project after numerous setbacks. That’s why tech companies should focus on more realistic artificial intelligence applications, such as robo-taxis and robot vacuums. Creating a humanoid robot that can cook dinner and clean toilets is more difficult, because it requires breakthroughs in hardware, not software. Accurately imitating human muscle movements and distinguishing objects via touch is extraordinarily costly and complicated. Even a revolution in AI does not make these physical obstacles disappear. But AI will help. Tech companies have exhausted all the world’s easily accessible data for training models. What’s left is data grounded in reality, from a robot that is learning — like a child does — how to act in the physical world. Building human-like robots that can interact with humans leads to more data from which their AI can learn, which leads to better AI that improves the robots so they can take on more jobs. Already, China is pouring plenty of startups into humanoid robots. The U.S. is finally recognizing that the competition to build Rosie may be the most critical technological race of the next decade. 1. What can we learn about humanoid robots according to paragraph 1? A．Every family is able to be equipped with a robot servant. B．Meta has a long history in researching and creating humanoid robots. C．Tech companies have been striving to develop human-like robots. D．Apple’s robotics work originates from the Apple smartwatch. 2. Which of the following best explains “the faint of heart” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Companies in a poor financial condition. B．Companies that hesitate to advance new tech. C．Tech companies with unrealistic thoughts. D．Tech companies which are devoted to AI. 3. How will AI help humanoid robots? A．Copy human muscle movements and identify objects via touch. B．Learn practical data from robots and then enhance the robots. C．Provide robots with easily accessible data over the world. D．Build more self-learning robots to interact with humans. 4. Which can be the suitable title for the text? A．The Race for Robot Servant B．Link between Robot and AI C．Challenge for Tech Companies D．Humanoid Robot Will Replace Labor Passage 7 （25-26高二上·甘肃·期中）Inspired by the Chinese blockbuster film Ne Zha 2, where the immortal Taiyi Zhenren uses the Seven-Coloured Lotus (莲花) to reconstruct bodies, a scientific team in Wuhan, Hubei Province has spent a decade developing real-life bone regeneration technology using lotus. A research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University’s School of Food Science and Engineering has pioneered a groundbreaking medical application using extracts from lotus root fibers. By employing 3D printing technology, they create customized bone scaffolds (支架) tailored to bone defect areas. These scaffolds stabilize fractured skeletons while guiding cells to grow along the lotus fiber structures, accelerating bone tissue regeneration. Jiang Xueye, a lead researcher on the team, explained that compared to traditional steel nail implants, the lotus fiber scaffolds address issues such as poor adaptability and extensive surgical exposure. They also significantly reduce the risk of patient rejection. Crucially, the scaffold’s degradation perfectly corresponds with the rate of new bone growth, making secondary removal surgeries unnecessary. The technology is currently undergoing animal trials and, if successfully applied in clinical settings, could dramatically lower treatment costs and ease suffering for fracture patients, the school noted. Beyond medical breakthroughs, the team has made remarkable progress in developing functional food ingredients and health products from lotus roots. Their patented lotus root powder preserves nearly all nutrients and can be used to create instant drink mixes, fish cakes and cookies, high-activity probiotic products through lactic acid bacteria fermentation (乳酸菌发酵) . The gelatinized (糊化) powder also serves as a material for 3D-printed foods, suggesting a future where imaginative treats shaped like Ne Zha or his Wind and Fire Wheels could be crafted on demand. 1. What is the main focus of the research team from Wuhan Polytechnic University? A．Creating traditional steel nail implants. B．Developing new 3D printers. C．Producing functional foods from lotus roots. D．Using lotus root fibers to rebuild bones. 2. What advantage do lotus fiber scaffolds have over traditional steel nail implants? A．They reduce the risk of patient rejection and avoid secondary surgeries. B．They are cheaper to produce. C．They never lead to immune rejection. D．They immediately dissolve post-surgery to prevent infection. 3. What is a potential application of the gelatinized lotus root powder? A．Construction materials for bridges. B．3D-printed foods shaped like characters or objects. C．Clothing for athletes. D．Fuel for vehicles. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the research team’s work? A．Neutral and indifferent. B．Doubtful and critical. C．Enthusiastic and supportive. D．Confused and uncertain. Passage 8 （25-26高二上·安徽宿州·期末）A group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. The technique could make a big difference in places like the city of Abeokuta. Violent conflicts and desertification — the process by which rich land becomes desert — have made huge amounts of land unsuitable for farming. Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. “We are putting an end to seasonal food shortage in Nigeria,” said Ogbole, “Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires — we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning you can plant anytime of the year. We can harvest anytime of the year,” said Ogbole. But setting up the aeroponic farm was not easy. It required more than $210,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. “It took a lot of effort to change people’s minds about aeroponics,” said Ogbole. In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used, instead of the 78. 5 million hectares required for food security. Violent conflicts and desertification are the top reasons the farmland is being lost. And only 49 percent of the land is rich. Besides, most farmers do not have the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They are also in need of high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. For now, technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward. 1. What is special about aeroponics? A．Crops are not grown in soil. B．Crops can grow all by themselves. C．Crops without roots can grow well. D．Crops can grow well without water. 2. What does the new method enable farmers to do? A．Reduce the costs of farming. B．Produce crops of higher quality. C．Grow crops whenever they like. D．Keep crops fresh for a longer period. 3. What do we know about Abeokuta from the passage? A．There is plenty of rich land there. B．Most farmers there are technologically skilled ones. C．Many farmers there are terribly violent. D．Some people there don’t approve of aeroponics. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A．Ways to turn deserts into rich land. B．A new approach to growing crops. C．Techniques for developing high-quality seeds. D．The importance of fighting against desertification. Passage 9 （25-26高二上·湖南湘潭·期末）“Dead reckoning” (航位推算) is a very common term said by captains in pirate movies. In the early 1700s, it meant using tools like the astrolabe and compass to chart a course across the sea. These early tools only measured latitude (纬度). Longitude, that is, the east-west position on the earth, was mostly a guess, and reckoning without accuracy meant disasters were common. One example was the 1707 Scilly disaster, in which some British warships reckoned wrong position and hit on a huge rock, claiming nearly 2,000 lives. These common disasters highlighted the urgent need for a safe method to determine a ship’s east-west position while at sea. Recognizing the severity of the problem, Queen Anne of Great Britain issued the Longitude Act in 1714, challenging scientists and inventors to find a practical solution. The British government offered a substantial cash prize to anyone who could find a method for determining longitude accurately at sea. This challenge inspired innovations in timekeeping, leading to the invention of the marine chronometer — a highly accurate clock that could keep time despite the rolling of a ship. The marine chronometer came to be thanks to the efforts of John Harrison, a self-taught clockmaker in the mid-1700s. He took Queen Anne’s challenge to heart and began work on smaller, lighter clocks that used a series of springs and wooden gears (齿轮) rather than pendulums (钟摆) to keep tension on the original metal gears so that they clicked forward with precision. After years of testing, Harrison finally succeeded. Using his clock, the measurements of latitude and a map, people at the sea could reckon where they were with great accuracy. The invention of the marine chronometer completely changed the history of sailing by allowing sailors to compare the time at a known reference point with the local time at their current position, thus figuring out their longitude precisely. This breakthrough largely reduced reckoning errors and made long-distance sea travel safer and more reliable. 1. What was the main problem of “Dead reckoning” in the 18th century? A．It had to rely on tools. B．It was not very reliable. C．It was mastered only by pirates. D．It charted one course at a time. 2. What was mainly talked about in Paragraph 3? A．The seriousness of disasters on the sea. B．The laws and rules issued by the Queen. C．The challenges facing scientists and inventors. D．The measures to encourage longitude reckoning. 3. What played a key role in John Harrison’s invention? A．Good maps. B．Some springs. C．Metal gears. D．Wooden pendulums. 4. What is the significance of the marine chronometer? A．It shortened the time of sailing. B．It helped create many more courses. C．It provided a more precise reference point. D．It reduced the chance of wrong reckoning of position. Passage 10 （2026·河北·一模）A new study from the University of Sheffield is investigating how social robots can help to reduce anxiety and worry in children during their stay in hospital. Researchers will explore the types of interactions between social robots — which interact with humans through speech and movements — and patients aged five to twelve at Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Led by Brenda Littler, the Sheffield team will assess the reaction and emotional impact of meeting the robots which are thought to help reduce negative feelings in children who often feel nervous about going into hospital. Ten-year-old Brandon goes to Sheffield Children’s Hospital every two weeks for treatment for eczema (湿疹) which he has suffered from since the age of two. Brandon’s appointments with his doctor can last four hours, but meeting the robots has helped to make them a lot more interesting. He met Pepper, a tall humanoid robot, and MiRo, an animal-like robot. Pepper can be programmed to move, talk, and even dance, while MiRo can make animal- like sounds and has sensory and motor abilities. “Sheffield Children’s Hospital is committed to advancing the care of the children and young people we look after,” said Paul Dimitri, Professor of Child Health and Consultant in Paediatric Endocrinology at Sheffield Children’s Hospital, who is supervising (监督) the project. “Brenda’s work is helping us to understand how our patients react and respond to different types of social robots, and how we best use them in children’s healthcare, all of which are new to us. Using such new insights, Sheffield Children’s Hospital can develop a diverse range of novel technologies to support the development of world-leading technologies for children’s healthcare.” The robots have visited four areas of Sheffield Children’s Hospital. Despite the promising signs, this study points to the need for more research and development. Large-scale tests that compare social robots in different hospital settings and long-term studies with child patients are needed to gain deeper insights and make using social robots in child care more practical. 1. What is the Sheffield team’s primary concern? A．Robots’ role in speeding recovery. B．Child patients’ emotional well-being. C．Social robots’ wide use in healthcare. D．Kids’ awareness of social interaction. 2. How do social robots help patients like Brandon? A．By reducing their fear of doctors. B．By shortening the time in hospital. C．By making their hospital visits fun. D．By providing entertaining treatment. 3. What does Professor Paul Dimitri say about the research? A．It is patient-inspiring. B．It pioneers social robots. C．It is ground-breaking. D．It stresses diversified care. 4. What does the author imply about the robots in the last paragraph? A．Their hospital value needs further proof. B．Their use in child healthcare lacks practice. C．Their influences may vary with the setting. D．Their long- term benefits might go unnoticed. Passage 11 （2026·江西赣州·一模）Plastic has always been a double-edged sword — multi-purpose and cheap, but chemically stable. Traditional recycling methods involve multiple stages of sorting, cleaning, and melting (融化), which are energy-intensive and degrade the material’s quality. Turning plastic into fuel has been explored before, but existing techniques require high heat, complex catalysts (催化剂), and often produce impure results. Now, a groundbreaking cooperation between scientists in the US and China has brought the world one step closer to a real solution. Using a specially designed catalytic reaction, researchers found a way to break down long plastic polymer (聚合物) chains into short hydrocarbon molecules — the building blocks of fuel — in a single step. The team’s secret lies in a novel catalytic material that operates at medium temperatures — far lower than those used in conventional methods. Unlike traditional recycling, which melts plastic into lower-grade products, this catalyst essentially reduces plastics into usable hydrocarbon chains in just a few hours. The output can then be further processed into fuels for vehicles or even planes. According to Professor Zhang Wei, a chemical engineer from the Chinese partner university, the process transforms 95% of the plastic into usable hydrocarbons, leaving minimal remains and almost no harmful byproducts. The implications of this breakthrough extend far beyond scientific curiosity. If widely used, the one-step plastic-to-fuel method could dramatically reduce both plastic waste and non-renewable fuel dependence. Promising as the results are, experts stress that the cost of catalysts, the difficulty of collecting mixed plastic waste, and the issue of carbon emissions from burning fuels are key challenges to be addressed. For this reason, scientists see the innovation not as an end point, but as a temporary fix toward a cleaner future. While questions remain, this innovation marks a hopeful turn in humanity’s long battle with plastic waste. It transforms what was once pollution into power and demonstrates that the solutions to big problems often lie in rethinking waste not as garbage-but as potential. 1. What is a key advantage of the new method of recycling plastics? A．Low costs. B．Simple processes. C．High security. D．Adjustable reaction. 2. What does the novel catalyst help with? A．Speeding up waste collection. B．Adjusting the operating temperature. C．Minimizing harmful byproducts. D．Turning plastics into basic chemicals. 3. How do scientists regard the method? A．A dead end. B．A starting point. C．A stepping stone. D．A definite answer. 4. What inspiration does the innovation bring to us? A．New views create possibilities. B．Human effort overcomes challenges. C．Close teamwork works wonders. D．Tough problems lead to innovations. Passage 12 （25-26高二上·陕西西安·期末）Most air conditioners use refrigerant gases called HFCs (氢氟碳化合物), which are hundreds of times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than CO2. Researchers have long sought ways to produce cooling systems that do without these troublesome gases. Now Exergyn, a Dublin-based company, claims to have developed a new type of air conditioning which avoids using HFCs. Exergyn’s system uses nitinol, a shape-memory alloy (合金) of nickel and titanium. All shape-memory alloys release heat when compressed (压缩), and then absorb it when the pressure is released and they return to their original shape. But Exergyn’s version of nitinol displays this quality to a remarkable degree. For its experimental model, the company produced 4cm2 plates of the alloy, each with holes to permit the passage of a heat-carrying liquid or gas. A range of eco-friendly substances such as water, salty water and air can be employed in that role, thus avoiding the use of HFCs. Kevin O’Toole, Exergyn’s managing director, explains, “To build a refrigerator involves fitting these plates together into stacks of 50 or more. Four stacks make a unit. The stacks are compressed in turn. At any given moment, one stack is being compressed, one released, one pre-heated and one pre-cooled. To cool a room involves passing one hot circuit and one cold circuit of the heat-carrying fluid or gas through this four-stack unit.” This method of cooling is not only more environmentally friendly than an HFC set-up, but will also be less expensive to buy and 30% — 40% cheaper to run. It will be lighter and smaller, too. As for reliability, the prototype’s performance suggests the unit could operate for more than 40 years without a problem. Development is still continuing, but products may be only a few years away. Exergyn has also begun talks with carmakers and aerospace companies about setting up joint-development projects. With cars and some small aircraft going electric, it is not just cooling the cabin that manufacturers have to think about, but also cooling the batteries. 1. Why did Exergyn develop a new type of air conditioning? A．Because HFCs are harmful to the atmosphere. B．Because traditional air conditioners are too expensive to run. C．Because nitinol is easier to get than HFCs in the market. D．Because researchers forced the company to do so. 2. Which aspect of Exergyn’s new air conditioning system is mainly described in paragraph 3? A．Its costs. B．Its designer. C．Its advantage. D．Its working process. 3. What will Exergyn do next? A．It is likely to expand its business. B．It will shift its focus to battery production. C．It plans to greatly increase its advertising spend. D．It will set up a company to produce vehicles. 4. What can be the best title for the passage? A．Air Conditioners: A Method of Cooling B．Nitinol: A Cooler Alternative C．Exergyn: A New Company D．CO2 and HFCs: Potential Crises 16 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $