Unit3 Make it happen 知识点总结 2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

**基本信息** 以“发明创造”话题为核心，系统整合词汇、语法、写作等模块，通过分类归纳、对比辨析、典例示范构建“知识-方法-应用”三维训练体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法精讲|接doing/to do动词表、3类动词对比|动名词/不定式记忆口诀、意义辨析法|从概念概述到分类应用，构建“动词-接续-语境”逻辑链| |单元写作|2篇范文、写作框架|“品质-行动-总结”三段式结构，动名词/不定式精准运用|结合发明家故事，实现“输入（阅读）-内化（方法）-输出（写作）”转化| |易错点突破|10大高频易错|正误对比+原因分析，针对性纠错|聚焦语法接续、短语搭配等核心易错点，强化精准运用能力| |单元自测|30题分层训练|基础过关（词汇/语法）+能力提升（句型转换/单选）|从知识记忆到综合应用，层层递进检测学习效果|

外研版（2024新版）八年级上册 Unit 3 Make it happen! 单元知识点总结 适用教材：外研版（2024新版）八年级上册 | 适用学段：初二上学期 | 资料类型：单元知识点总结 课标对接 【话题】发明创造与探索精神（Inventions & the Spirit of Exploration） 【语言技能】能听懂并讨论发明创造话题，能用动名词和不定式表达意图与喜好，能读懂关于本杰明·富兰克林和假肢发明的记叙文，能用英语写一篇关于"如何成为发明家"的短文。 【文化意识】了解本杰明·富兰克林发明避雷针的科学故事，理解好奇心、创造力和坚持不懈在发明创造中的重要作用，培养科学探索精神。 【核心语法】动名词（-ing 形式）与动词不定式（to do）作宾语——enjoy doing 与 want to do 的区别；既可接 doing 又可接 to do 但意义不同的动词（stop / remember / forget）。 目录 一、重点词汇（按发明创造、物理科学、探索品质、日常扩展四大板块分类，含音标/词性/搭配/例句） 二、重点短语与固定搭配（课文核心短语 + 动词搭配短语 + 短语辨析） 三、重点句型（8大核心句型，含公式+课文原句+仿写范例） 四、语法精讲（动名词与不定式作宾语全解——接 doing 的动词 / 接 to do 的动词 / 意义不同的动词） 五、单元话题写作（How to be an inventor? 含写作框架+范文2篇） 六、易错点与难点突破（10大高频易错，含正误对比+原因分析） 七、文化常识（本杰明·富兰克林与避雷针 / 发明家精神 / 好奇心与创造力 / 改变世界的发明） 八、单元自测（基础过关20题 + 能力提升10题） 附：参考答案与详细解析 一、重点词汇（Words） 1.1 发明与创造类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造 invent sth. 发明某物 inventor n. 发明家 Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明，发明物 a great invention the invention of... The lightning rod was a great invention. inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家 a famous inventor become an inventor Benjamin Franklin was a great inventor and scientist. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 有创造力的 a creative idea be creative in... We need creative ideas to solve the problem. imaginative /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/ adj. 富于想象力的 an imaginative child be imaginative about... An imaginative mind helps an inventor a lot. machine /məˈʃiːn/ n. 机器，机械 a new machine operate a machine They hope to invent a new machine. fix /fɪks/ v. 修理，安装 fix sth. 修理 fix up 修缮 He can fix broken machines. artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人造的，人工的 artificial intelligence artificial arm/leg Easton made an artificial arm for Jenny. printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 打印机 a 3D printer use a printer They used a 3D printer to make the parts. download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v. 下载 download sth. from... download an app You can download the design from the website. apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用，申请 apply sth. to... 把...应用到... apply for 申请 We should apply science to everyday life. build /bɪld/ v. 建造，制作 build sth. out of... 用...制作 build up 建立 He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n./adj. 塑料；塑料的 a plastic block plastic bags The model is made of plastic blocks. block /blɒk/ n. 积木，块 plastic blocks a block of... Children love playing with building blocks. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改进，改善 improve sth. 改进 improve on 进一步改进 He decided to improve the arm. design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v./n. 设计 design sth. 设计 design a model He finished designing the model. 3-D /ˌθriː ˈdiː/ adj. 三维的，立体的 a 3-D printer 3-D printing He used a 3-D printer to make the model. glue /ɡluː/ n. 胶，胶水 a bottle of glue use glue to... He used glue to fix the broken parts. fair /feə/ n. 展览会 a science fair at the fair He showed his invention at the science fair. 1.2 物理与科学类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电，电能 produce electricity be drawn to electricity Franklin was drawn to electricity. lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n. 闪电 lightning rod 避雷针 a flash of lightning Lightning hit the tall building. rod /rɒd/ n. 杆，棒 lightning rod 避雷针 a fishing rod The lightning rod protects buildings from lightning. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 a strong earthquake survive an earthquake A warning system can warn people before an earthquake. weigh /weɪ/ v. 重；称重 weigh sth. 称重 weigh + 数量 重... The machine weighs five kilograms. kilogram /ˈkɪləɡræm/ n. 千克，公斤 a kilogram of... weigh 10 kilograms The box weighs two kilograms. object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物体，物品 a heavy object move an object The machine can lift heavy objects. warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告，提醒 warn sb. of sth. warn sb. not to do The system warns people of danger. blind /blaɪnd/ adj. 盲的，失明的 be blind go blind The machine can help blind people. special /ˈspeʃl/ adj. 特殊的，特别的 a special design special needs He made a special arm for Jenny. brain /breɪn/ n. 脑，大脑 use your brain the human brain The brain is the most important organ for thinking. signal /ˈsɪɡnl/ n. 信号；暗号 a signal for... send a signal The machine sends a signal to the computer. penicillin /ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/ n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 discover penicillin penicillin is used to... Fleming discovered penicillin by accident. freeze /friːz/ v. （使）结冰，（使）冻结 freeze to death freezing cold The water froze in the cold weather. 1.3 探索与品质类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 a deep curiosity about... be full of curiosity Franklin had a deep curiosity about electricity. talent /ˈtælənt/ n. 天赋，才能 have a talent for... show one's talent She has a talent for inventing things. drive /draɪv/ n./v. 动力，驱动力；驱动 a strong drive be driven by... Curiosity is the drive behind every invention. pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱，开拓者 a pioneer in/of... Franklin was a pioneer in the study of electricity. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索，探究 space exploration further exploration His work led to further exploration of electricity. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探索者，探险家 a future explorer brave explorers His curiosity gave future explorers ideas. test /test/ v./n. 测试，试验 test sth. 测试 test a new idea You need to test your invention many times. despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 尽管，不管 despite + n./doing despite the failure Despite the failure, he did not give up. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败 despite the failure learn from failure Failure is the mother of success. future /ˈfjuːtʃə(r)/ n./adj. 未来；未来的 in the future future explorers His work helped future explorers. risk /rɪsk/ n./v. 风险；冒险 take a risk at the risk of... Inventors often take risks to test new ideas. widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地 be widely used widely known The lightning rod is widely used today. lend /lend/ v. 帮助（某人）做事 lend a (helping) hand lend sb. a hand Can you lend me a hand with this? completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地 completely different completely new His idea was completely different. unexpected /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/ adj. 想不到的 an unexpected result unexpected news The discovery was completely unexpected. quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 品性 personal qualities a good quality Curiosity is an important quality for an inventor. perfect /ˈpɜːfɪkt/ adj. 完美的 a perfect design perfect for... The design was not perfect, but it worked. address /əˈdres/ v. 对……发表演说 address the audience address the crowd He addressed the crowd at the fair. 1.4 日常与扩展类 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 everyday /ˈevrideɪ/ adj. 日常的，每天的 everyday life everyday problems Inventors try to solve everyday problems. trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ n./v. 麻烦；使烦恼 have trouble doing be in trouble He had trouble using his old arm. advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告 put an advertisement see an advertisement He saw an advertisement for a 3D printer. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 状况，条件 in good condition living conditions Jenny was born with a special condition. fishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ n./adj. 钓鱼；钓鱼的 fishing line 钓鱼线 go fishing He used fishing line to build the arm. line /laɪn/ n. 线，绳 fishing line a straight line He tied the parts with fishing line. model /ˈmɒdl/ n. 模型，模范 design a model a role model He finished designing the model. hook /hʊk/ n. 挂钩，吊钩 a fish hook attach a hook to... He attached a hook to the fishing line. cost /kɒst/ v. 价格为，需支付 cost sb. sth. cost + money The invention cost him a lot of time. congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃuˈleɪʃn/ n. 恭喜，祝贺 congratulations on... offer congratulations Congratulations on your invention! ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ n. 票，入场券 a ticket to... buy a ticket He bought a ticket to the science fair. ice lolly /ˌaɪs ˈlɒli/ n. 冰棍，冰棒 an ice lolly make an ice lolly He invented a new kind of ice lolly. 二、重点短语与固定搭配（Phrases） 2.1 课文核心短语 短语 中文释义 课文原句/语境 用法提示 lightning rod 避雷针 Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod. lightning（闪电）+ rod（杆），复合名词 build...out of... 用......制作...... He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. build A out of B = 用B制作A，强调材料来源 lend a hand (to sb.) 帮助某人 He decided to lend a hand to Jenny. = give sb. a hand = help sb.，lend 后接双宾语 work on 致力于，从事 He worked on the new design for months. work on sth. = 从事某事；work on doing sth. come up with 想出，提出 He came up with a creative idea. come up with + 主意/办法/计划，= think of what's worse 更糟糕的是 What's worse, children like her have to change to a new one every time. 作插入语，表示递进的负面情况，= to make matters worse blow sb. away 使......大为惊讶 His invention blew everyone away. 口语表达，表示令人震撼、惊叹 be curious about 对......感到好奇 Franklin was curious about electricity. be curious about + n./doing，curiosity n. a deep curiosity about 对......有深深的好奇 He had a deep curiosity about its nature. curiosity about sth. = 对某事的好奇心 be drawn to 被......吸引 He was drawn to electricity. be drawn to + n. = 被......吸引（固定搭配） despite the failure 尽管失败了 Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. despite + n./doing，后不接句子 give sb. ideas 给某人灵感/启发 His curiosity gave future explorers ideas. give sb. ideas = 启发某人，give 双宾语结构 2.2 动词搭配短语（接 to do / doing） 短语结构 接续 中文释义 例句 decide to do 接 to do 决定做某事 He decided to improve the arm. hope to do 接 to do 希望做某事 They hope to invent a new machine. want to do 接 to do 想要做某事 She wants to become an inventor. plan to do 接 to do 计划做某事 We plan to test the model tomorrow. learn to do 接 to do 学会做某事 He learned to design 3D models. fail to do 接 to do 未能做某事 He failed to finish the test on time. enjoy doing 接 doing 喜欢做某事 She enjoys inventing things. practise doing 接 doing 练习做某事 He practises designing every day. suggest doing 接 doing 建议做某事 I suggest testing the machine first. mind doing 接 doing 介意做某事 Would you mind lending a hand? finish doing 接 doing 完成做某事 He finished designing the model. 2.3 短语辨析 短语A 短语B 区别 例句 build...out of... make...from/of... build out of 强调"用...搭建/建造"，多指较大结构 make of 看得出原材料 / make from 看不出原材料 He built it out of plastic blocks. Paper is made from wood. come up with think about come up with = 想出/提出（新主意、方案） think about = 思考/考虑（某事） He came up with a creative idea. He is thinking about the problem. despite although despite + 名词/动名词（介词） although + 句子（连词） Despite the failure, he tried again. Although he failed, he tried again. lend a hand give a hand lend a hand (to sb.) = 帮助某人 Give me a hand! = 帮我一把！（口语求助） He lent a hand to Jenny. Can you give me a hand? 三、重点句型（Sentence Patterns） 3.1 八大核心句型 编号 句型 功能 公式 / 课文原句 / 仿写 1 build...out of... 表达"用......制作" 公式：主语 + build(s) + 宾语 + out of + 材料. 课文：He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. 仿写：The children built a house out of old boxes. 2 What's worse, ... 表达"更糟糕的是" 公式：What's worse, + 句子. 课文：What's worse, children like her have to change to a new one every time. 仿写：What's worse, it started to rain when we were far from home. 3 be drawn to / have a deep curiosity about 表达"被吸引/好奇" 公式：主语 + be drawn to + 名词 + and + have a deep curiosity about + 名词. 课文：Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. 仿写：She was drawn to music and had a deep curiosity about it. 4 Despite..., ... give sb. ideas 表达"尽管......仍给......启发" 公式：Despite + 名词/doing, + 主语 + gave/gives + sb. + ideas. 课文：Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. 仿写：Despite the difficulty, his story gave us ideas. 5 decide to do 表达"决定做" 公式：主语 + decide(s) + to do. 课文：He decided to improve the arm. 仿写：She decided to invent a new machine for her grandpa. 6 hope to do 表达"希望做" 公式：主语 + hope(s) + to do. 课文：They hope to invent a new machine. 仿写：I hope to become an inventor like Franklin. 7 enjoy doing 表达"喜欢做" 公式：主语 + enjoy(s) + doing. 课文：She enjoys inventing things. 仿写：He enjoys designing 3D models in his free time. 8 finish doing 表达"完成做" 公式：主语 + finish(es) + doing. 课文：He finished designing the model. 仿写：They finished testing the new machine yesterday. 3.2 同义句转换 原句 同义句 知识点 He built it out of plastic blocks. He made it from plastic blocks. build...out of... = make...from...（用......制作） Despite the failure, he tried again. Although he failed, he tried again. despite + n. = although + 句子 He came up with a creative idea. He thought of a creative idea. come up with = think of（想出） He lent a hand to Jenny. He helped Jenny. lend a hand to sb. = help sb. He was drawn to electricity. He was attracted to electricity. be drawn to = be attracted to（被吸引） 四、语法精讲（Grammar） 4.1 动名词与不定式作宾语概述 【中考考频】动词后接动名词（doing）还是不定式（to do）作宾语，是中考高频考点，集中在单选、完形和动词适当形式填空中。 在英语中，某些动词后只能接动名词（-ing 形式）作宾语，某些动词后只能接不定式（to do）作宾语，还有少数动词两者均可接，但意义不同。本单元重点学习这两类动词的用法。 注意：动名词作宾语强调"动作本身"或"习惯性、已发生的动作"；不定式作宾语强调"目的"或"未发生的动作"。 4.2 接动名词（doing）作宾语的动词 记忆口诀（仅供参考）：考虑建议盼原谅（consider, suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse）、推迟错过加想象（put off, miss, imagine）、避免继续多练习（avoid, keep, practise）、完成之后多欣赏（finish, enjoy）、不禁介意与允许（can't help, mind, allow）、放弃停止莫彷徨（give up, stop）。 动词 含义 用法 例句 enjoy 喜欢，享受 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 She enjoys inventing things. finish 完成 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 He finished designing the model. practise 练习 practise doing sth. 练习做某事 He practises designing every day. suggest 建议 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 I suggest testing the machine first. mind 介意 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 Would you mind lending a hand? avoid 避免 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 We should avoid making the same mistake. keep 保持，继续 keep doing sth. 不断做某事 He kept working on the invention. consider 考虑 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 She considered improving the design. imagine 想象 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 Imagine living without electricity! give up 放弃 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 He never gave up trying. 4.3 接不定式（to do）作宾语的动词 记忆口诀（仅供参考）：想要希望和决定（want, wish, hope, decide）、计划同意和答应（plan, agree, promise）、学会选择莫迟疑（learn, choose）、努力失败不放弃（try, fail）、需要着急也坚持（need, hurry）。 动词 含义 用法 例句 decide 决定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 He decided to improve the arm. hope 希望 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 They hope to invent a new machine. want 想要 want to do sth. 想要做某事 She wants to become an inventor. plan 计划 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 We plan to test the model tomorrow. learn 学会 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 He learned to design 3D models. fail 未能 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 He failed to finish the test on time. choose 选择 choose to do sth. 选择做某事 She chose to study electricity. agree 同意 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 They agreed to help the children. try 努力，试图 try to do sth. 努力做某事 He tried to fix the broken machine. promise 答应 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 He promised to lend a hand. 4.4 既接 doing 又接 to do 但意义不同的动词 这是中考重点辨析内容。stop, remember, forget 等动词后接 doing 与 to do 含义截然不同，需要结合语境判断。 动词 接 doing（已做/进行中） 接 to do（未做/目的） 例句对比 stop stop doing 停止正在做的事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 He stopped working.（停止工作） He stopped to rest.（停下来去休息） remember remember doing 记得做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得要做某事（未做） I remember testing it.（记得测过了） Remember to test it.（记得要去测） forget forget doing 忘记做过某事（已做） forget to do 忘记要做某事（未做） I'll never forget meeting him.（不会忘记见过他） Don't forget to test it.（别忘了去测） try try doing 试着做某事（看效果） try to do 努力/企图做某事 Try adding more water.（试着加水看看） He tried to fix it.（努力去修） 4.5 高频考点总结 1. enjoy / finish / practise / suggest / mind / avoid / keep / consider 等动词后只接 doing，不接 to do。 2. decide / hope / want / plan / learn / fail / choose / agree 等动词后只接 to do，不接 doing。 3. stop doing 与 stop to do 的区别：stop doing = 停止正在做的事；stop to do = 停下来去做另一件事（to do 表目的）。 4. remember doing 与 remember to do 的区别：remember doing = 记得做过（已发生）；remember to do = 记得要做（未发生）。 5. forget doing 与 forget to do 的区别：forget doing = 忘记做过（已发生但忘了）；forget to do = 忘记要做（未发生）。 6. 介词后接动名词：be good at doing, be interested in doing, be curious about doing, instead of doing, thank you for doing 等。 7. would like / would love 后接 to do，不接 doing：I would like to invent a new machine. 五、单元话题写作（Writing） 5.1 写作任务：How to be an inventor? 本单元写作任务是以"How to be an inventor?"为题，写一篇关于"如何成为一名发明家"的短文。要求结合本单元所学的发明家故事（如本杰明·富兰克林），谈谈成为一名发明家需要哪些品质和行动。要求：80-120词，结构清晰，语言通顺，适当使用动名词和不定式。 5.2 写作框架 段落 内容 可用句型 示例 第一段 引出话题，点明发明家的意义 Inventions change our lives. / To be an inventor, you need to... Inventions change our lives. Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod. Do you want to be an inventor too? 第二段 阐述成为发明家的品质与方法 First, you need to be curious about... / enjoy doing... / decide to... / keep doing... First, you need to be curious about the world. Second, you should enjoy thinking and trying. Third, you must keep working on your ideas despite failures. 第三段 总结升华，表达期望 I hope to... / I believe... / With..., you can... I hope to become an inventor. I believe that with curiosity and hard work, you can make it happen! 5.3 范文 【范文一】基础版（约90词） How to be an inventor? Inventions change our lives. Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod. Do you want to be an inventor too? Here are some tips. First, you need to be curious about the world. Curiosity gives you ideas. Second, you should enjoy thinking and trying new things. Third, you must decide to work hard and keep trying despite failures. Failure is not the end — it helps you learn. I hope to become an inventor one day. I believe that with curiosity and hard work, you can make it happen! 【范文二】提升版（约130词） How to be an inventor? Inventions change the world. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. Finally, he invented the lightning rod. Do you want to be an inventor like him? Here is some advice. First, you need to be curious about everything around you. A deep curiosity about the world gives you creative ideas. Second, you should enjoy solving everyday problems. Try to come up with new ideas and build them out of simple materials. Third, you must learn from failure. Despite the failure, keep working on your ideas. As Franklin showed us, failure can give future explorers ideas. I hope to become an inventor in the future. I believe that with curiosity, creativity and hard work, everyone can make it happen! 5.4 写作好词好句积累 类别 表达 适用场景 描述品质 curious / creative / imaginative / hard-working / brave 描述发明家的品质 描述行动 be curious about / come up with / work on / build...out of / test / improve 描述发明过程 面对失败 despite the failure / learn from failure / keep trying / never give up 表达面对失败的态度 表达目标 decide to do / hope to do / want to do / plan to do / learn to do 用不定式表达发明目标 表达喜好 enjoy doing / like doing / love doing / be interested in doing 用动名词表达兴趣 六、易错点与难点突破（Common Mistakes） 编号 易错点 错误示例 正确写法 原因分析 1 enjoy 后误接 to do x She enjoys to invent things. v She enjoys inventing things. enjoy 后只能接动名词 doing，不接 to do。 2 decide 后误接 doing x He decided improving the arm. v He decided to improve the arm. decide 后只能接不定式 to do，不接 doing。 3 finish 后误接 to do x He finished to design the model. v He finished designing the model. finish 后只能接动名词 doing，不接 to do。 4 hope 后误接 doing x They hope inventing a new machine. v They hope to invent a new machine. hope 后只能接不定式 to do，不接 doing。 5 stop doing / to do 混淆 x He stopped to work on the invention.（想表达"停止工作"） v He stopped working on the invention. stop doing = 停止正在做的事；stop to do = 停下来去做另一件事。 6 remember doing / to do 混淆 x Remember testing the machine before you leave.（想表达"记得去测"） v Remember to test the machine before you leave. remember doing = 记得做过（已做）；remember to do = 记得要做（未做）。 7 despite 后误接句子 x Despite he failed, he tried again. v Despite the failure, he tried again. despite 是介词，后接名词/动名词，不接句子；接句子用 although。 8 build...out of 介词错误 x He built it with plastic blocks. v He built it out of plastic blocks. build...out of... = 用......制作，固定搭配，强调材料来源。 9 come up with 漏介词 x He came up a creative idea. v He came up with a creative idea. come up with = 想出/提出，with 不可省略。 10 be curious about 介词错误 x He is curious to electricity. v He is curious about electricity. be curious about + n. = 对......好奇，固定介词 about。 七、文化常识（Culture Link） 7.1 Benjamin Franklin 与避雷针 本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin, 1706-1790）是美国著名的政治家、科学家、发明家和作家。他是美国《独立宣言》的起草人之一，也是一位杰出的科学家。 富兰克林对电（electricity）的性质有深深的好奇心，并通过风筝实验（kite experiment）验证了闪电即电的猜想，后来人们基于这一发现发明了避雷针（lightning rod），用来保护建筑物免受雷击。 避雷针的原理是将闪电引入地下，从而保护建筑物。这一发明至今仍被广泛使用（widely used），挽救了无数生命和财产。富兰克林的故事告诉我们：好奇心（curiosity）和科学探索（exploration）是发明创造的源泉。 7.2 发明家精神（The Spirit of Inventors） 品质 英文表达 说明 好奇心 Curiosity 对世界充满好奇，是发明的起点。富兰克林对电的好奇心引领他做出了伟大发现。 创造力 Creativity 能够想出新颖的想法和解决方案。创造性的思维让发明家与众不同。 坚持不懈 Perseverance 面对失败不放弃。Despite the failure, inventors keep trying and learning. 勇于冒险 Taking risks 敢于尝试新事物，不怕犯错。Inventors often take risks to test new ideas. 解决实际问题 Solving real problems 关注日常生活中的问题，用发明改善人们的生活。 7.3 改变世界的发明 发明 发明者 时间 意义 避雷针 Lightning rod Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1752 保护建筑物免受雷击，至今广泛使用 电灯 Light bulb Thomas Edison 托马斯·爱迪生 1879 让人类告别黑暗，改变了生活方式 电话 Telephone Alexander Bell 亚历山大·贝尔 1876 实现了远距离即时通讯 3D 打印机 3D printer Charles Hull 查尔斯·赫尔 1986 能快速制造复杂物体，用于医疗、工业等领域 假肢 Artificial limbs 众多发明家 现代 帮助残障人士恢复正常生活，如 Easton 为 Jenny 设计的假肢 7.4 好奇心与创造力 好奇心（curiosity）和创造力（creativity）是发明创造的两把钥匙。富兰克林因为对电的好奇而发明了避雷针；Easton 因为想帮助 Jenny 而发挥创造力，用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作了假肢。 每一个伟大的发明都始于一个简单的问题："为什么？"和"能不能更好？"。保持好奇心，勇于探索，敢于尝试，你也能成为一名发明家，让世界变得更美好——Make it happen! 八、单元自测（Self-check） （本部分为"学生版"，不含答案。参考答案与解析见附录。） 第一部分：基础过关（20题） 一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词（10分） 1. Benjamin Franklin i______（发明）the lightning rod in 1752. 2. He built it out of p______（塑料）blocks and fishing line. 3. Franklin was drawn to e______（电）and had a deep curiosity about it. 4. D______（尽管）the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. 5. She has a t______（天赋）for inventing things. 6. The lightning rod is w______（广泛地）used to protect buildings. 7. They hope to invent a new m______（机器）for the factory. 8. He finished d______（设计）the model yesterday. 9. An i______（想象力丰富的）mind helps an inventor a lot. 10. The system can w______（警告）people before an earthquake. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（5分） 11. She enjoys ______ (invent) things in her free time. 12. He decided ______ (improve) the artificial arm. 13. They hope ______ (build) a new machine next year. 14. He finished ______ (test) the model before dinner. 15. Would you mind ______ (lend) a hand to us? 三、选词填空（5分） （build...out of / come up with / what's worse / be curious about / lend a hand） 16. He ______ the model ______ plastic blocks and fishing line. 17. The little boy ______ ______ ______ everything around him. 18. It rained all day. ______ ______, we lost our way in the forest. 19. He ______ ______ ______ a creative idea to solve the problem. 20. Would you please ______ ______ ______ to the children in trouble? 第二部分：能力提升（10题） 四、单项选择（5分） 21. She enjoys ______ things to help others. A. invent B. inventing C. to invent D. invented 22. He decided ______ the artificial arm for Jenny. A. improve B. improving C. to improve D. improved 23. — I'm sorry I forgot ______ the machine. — That's OK. Please do it now. A. testing B. to test C. test D. tested 24. ______ the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. A. Although B. Because C. Despite D. However 25. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A. He finished to design the model. B. They hope inventing a new machine. C. He stopped working and went home. D. She enjoys to invent things. 五、句型转换（5分） 26. He built it out of plastic blocks.（改为同义句，用 make...from） He ______ it ______ plastic blocks. 27. Although he failed, he tried again.（改为同义句，用 despite） ______ ______ ______, he tried again. 28. He came up with a creative idea.（改为同义句，用 think of） He ______ ______ a creative idea. 29. He lent a hand to Jenny.（改为同义句，用 help） He ______ Jenny. 30. He stopped to rest.（用 working 改写为"停止工作"） He stopped ______. 附录：参考答案与详细解析 （本部分为"教师版"，供教师批改和讲解使用。） 基础过关答案 题号 答案 解析 1 invented invent 发明，过去式 invented。主语 Franklin 为第三人称单数，发生在 1752 年用过去时。 2 plastic plastic blocks 塑料积木，plastic 作形容词修饰 blocks。 3 electricity be drawn to electricity 被电吸引，electricity 是名词"电"。 4 Despite despite + 名词 the failure，意为"尽管失败了"。注意首字母大写。 5 talent have a talent for... 有......的天赋，固定搭配。 6 widely be widely used 被广泛使用，widely 是副词修饰 used。 7 machine invent a new machine 发明新机器，machine 是名词。 8 designing finish doing sth. 完成做某事，finish 后接动名词，design → designing。 9 imaginative an imaginative mind 富于想象力的头脑，imaginative 是形容词。 10 warn warn people 警告人们，warn 是动词，can 后接动词原形。 11 inventing enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事，enjoy 后接动名词，invent → inventing。 12 to improve decide to do sth. 决定做某事，decide 后接不定式，improve → to improve。 13 to build hope to do sth. 希望做某事，hope 后接不定式，build → to build。 14 testing finish doing sth. 完成做某事，finish 后接动名词，test → testing。 15 lending mind doing sth. 介意做某事，mind 后接动名词，lend → lending。 16 built; out of build...out of... 用......制作，过去式 built。 17 is curious about be curious about 对......好奇，主语 boy 是三单，be 用 is。 18 What's worse what's worse 更糟糕的是，固定插入语，注意首字母大写。 19 came up with come up with 想出/提出，过去式 came up with。 20 lend a hand lend a hand (to sb.) 帮助某人，情态动词 would 后接动词原形。 能力提升答案 题号 答案 解析 21 B. inventing enjoy 后接动名词 doing，不接 to do。invent → inventing。 22 C. to improve decide 后接不定式 to do，不接 doing。improve → to improve。 23 B. to test forget to do = 忘记要做（未做）；forget doing = 忘记做过（已做）。语境"忘了去测试"用 to test。 24 C. Despite despite + 名词 the failure；although 后接句子。本题后接名词短语，用 Despite。 25 C A 错在 finish 后应接 doing；B 错在 hope 后应接 to do；D 错在 enjoy 后应接 doing。C 正确：stop working = 停止工作。 26 made; from build...out of... = make...from...（用......制作）。过去式 made。 27 Despite the failure although + 句子 = despite + 名词。he failed → the failure。 28 thought of come up with = think of（想出）。过去式 thought of。 29 helped lend a hand to sb. = help sb.（帮助某人）。过去式 helped。 30 working stop doing = 停止正在做的事。"停止工作"用 stop working。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $