Unit 3 Same or Different 教学讲义2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦八年级英语Unit 3“Same or Different”核心知识点，系统梳理形容词副词比较级（规则与不规则变化）、as...as结构、比较级特殊句型（越来越...、越...越...）及选择疑问句，构建从词汇（重点单词、词性转换）、短语（比较类及其他重点短语）到句型的递进式学习支架。 资料以“梳理-讲解-练习”一体化设计为特色，通过表格化词汇梳理提升语言能力，分类对比比较级变化培养思维品质，随堂练习与综合习题（完形填空、书面表达等）强化学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固应用，有效查漏补缺。

新人教版八年级英语上册 Unit 3 Same or Different 教学讲义 一、词汇梳理 说明： 以下单词均已给出中文释义，请学生在横线处填写对应的英文单词或词性变化形式。 1. 重点单词 中文词义 英文单词 词性 拓展 比较；对比 ___________ v. compare...___________...（与……比较） 响亮的；大声的 ___________ adj./adv. speak ___________（大声说） 表演；执行 ___________ v. ___________ a play（表演戏剧） 解决；解答 ___________ v. ___________ a problem（解决问题） 不同的 ___________ adj. 名词：___________；be different ___________（与……不同） 相似的 ___________ adj. 名词：___________；be similar ___________（与……相似） 相像的；相似的 ___________ adj./adv. look ___________（看起来像） 兴趣；业余爱好 ___________ n. show interest ___________（对……表现出兴趣） 幽默；幽默感 ___________ n. 形容词：___________（有幽默感的） 外向的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 勤奋的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 安静的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 聪明的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 友好的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 快的；迅速的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 慢的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 高的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 矮的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 胖的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 瘦的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 害羞的 ___________ adj. 比较级：___________ 2. 词性转换 原词（词性/词义） 转换形式（请填写） 词性 中文词义 different（adj. 不同的） ___________ n. 差异 similar（adj. 相似的） ___________ n. 相似性 humour（n. 幽默） ___________ adj. 有幽默感的 interest（n. 兴趣） 1. ___________ adj. 有趣的 2. ___________ adj. 感兴趣的（修饰人） 3. ___________ adv. 有趣地 loud（adj. 大声的） ___________ adv. 大声地 perform（v. 表演） ___________ n. 表演；演出 solve（v. 解决） ___________ n. 解决；解答 compare（v. 比较） ___________ n. 比较；对比 quiet（adj. 安静的） ___________ adv. 安静地 happy（adj. 快乐的） 1. ___________ adv. 快乐地 2. ___________ n. 快乐 二、短语梳理 说明： 以下短语均已给出中文释义，请学生在横线处填写对应的英文短语。 1. 比较类短语 中文 英文短语 与……不同 __________________________ 与……相似 __________________________ 与……比较 __________________________ 把……比作…… __________________________ 有共同之处 __________________________ 与……一样 __________________________ 不如…… __________________________ 2. 其他重点短语 中文 英文短语 对……表现出兴趣 __________________________ 对……感兴趣 __________________________ 在……方面努力 __________________________ 在……方面擅长 __________________________ 在……方面薄弱 __________________________ 事实上 __________________________ 只要；既然 __________________________ 即使；虽然 __________________________ 三、句型梳理 说明： 以下句型均已给出中文释义，请学生根据提示完成英文句式的填写。 1. 比较级句型 中文含义 句型结构（请填写） 示例 A比B更…… A + ___________ + 比较级 + ___________ B. Tom is taller than Jerry. A和B一样…… A + ___________ + 原级 + ___________ B. She is as outgoing as her sister. A不如B…… A + ___________ + 原级 + ___________ B. I am not as tall as you. 越来越…… 比较级 + ___________ + 比较级 She is getting more and more beautiful. 越……越…… ___________ + 比较级，___________ + 比较级 The more, the better. 2. 选择疑问句 中文含义 句型结构（请填写） 哪个更……，A还是B？ ___________ is ___________，A ___________ B？ 谁更……，A还是B？ ___________ is ___________，A ___________ B？ 你认为A和B谁更……？ ___________ do you think is ___________，A ___________ B？ 四、重点知识讲解（含随堂练习） 知识点一：形容词和副词比较级的规则变化 比较级用于两者之间的比较，标志词是 than。比较级的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两类。 规则变化规律： 情况 变化方法 例词 一般单音节词 词尾加 -er tall→taller, fast→faster, short→shorter 以不发音e结尾 词尾加 -r nice→nicer, large→larger 辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i加 -er happy→happier, heavy→heavier, easy→easier 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母加 -er big→bigger, hot→hotter, thin→thinner, fat→fatter 多音节词和部分双音节词 前面加 more outgoing→more outgoing, beautiful→more beautiful, interesting→more interesting 注意要点： 1. 比较级用于两者之间，标志词为 than。 1. 形容词比较级前可以用 much, a little, even, far, a lot 等程度副词修饰，表示比较的程度差异。 1. 比较级结构中，为了避免重复，常用 one/that/those 代替前面提到的事物。 【随堂练习 1】 一、写出下列形容词的比较级 1. tall → ___________ 2. short → ___________ 1. big → ___________ 4. small → ___________ 1. fat → ___________ 6. thin → ___________ 1. happy → ___________ 8. easy → ___________ 1. heavy → ___________ 10. hot → ___________ 1. nice → ___________ 12. large → ___________ 1. beautiful → ___________ 14. outgoing → ___________ 1. hard-working → ___________ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My sister is ___________ (tall) than me. 1. This book is ___________ (interesting) than that one. 1. She is ___________ (outgoing) than her brother. 1. Which is ___________ (big), the elephant or the tiger？ 1. Tom runs ___________ (fast) than Jim. 知识点二：形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化 有些形容词和副词的比较级变化不遵循规则变化规律，需要单独记忆。 不规则变化表： 原级 比较级 原级 比较级 good/well better bad/badly worse many/much more little less far farther/further old older/elder 辨析： 1. farther 指距离上的“更远”；further 指程度上的“更进一步”（如 further study 深造）。 1. older 指年龄更大；elder 指家庭成员中的“年长的”（如 elder brother 哥哥）。 【随堂练习 2】 一、写出下列单词的比较级 1. good → ___________ 2. well → ___________ 1. bad → ___________ 4. badly → ___________ 1. many → ___________ 6. much → ___________ 1. little → ___________ 8. far (距离) → ___________ 1. far (程度) → ___________ 10. old (年龄) → ___________ 1. old (排行) → ___________ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This story is ___________ (good) than that one. 1. She sings ___________ (well) than me. 1. I have ___________ (many) books than you. 1. He is ___________ (bad) at math than his sister. 1. The weather is getting ___________ (bad) and ___________ (bad). 知识点三：as...as 结构与 not as/so...as 结构 as...as 结构用于表示两者在某方面程度相同，中间用形容词或副词的原级。 用法对比： 结构 含义 例句 as + 原级 + as 和……一样…… She is as tall as her mother. not as + 原级 + as 不如…… I am not as tall as you. not so + 原级 + as 不如……（同上） He doesn't run so fast as Tom. 注意要点： 1. as...as 和 not as/so...as 中间只能用原级，不能用比较级。 1. 否定句中 as 和 so 可以互换。 1. 表示“不如……”时，也可以用 less + 原级 + than 结构，但不如 not as...as 常用。 【随堂练习 3】 一、用 as...as 或 not as...as 填空 1. My brother is ___________ tall ___________ my father. 1. This movie is ___________ interesting ___________ that one. I like both. 1. She doesn't sing ___________ well ___________ her sister. 1. Is your bag ___________ heavy ___________ mine？ 1. I am ___________ outgoing ___________ my best friend. 二、根据中文完成句子 1. 我和我哥哥一样高。 I am ___________ tall ___________ my brother. 1. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 This book is ___________ ___________ interesting ___________ that one. 1. 她跑得不如我快。 She doesn't run ___________ fast ___________ me. 知识点四：比较级的特殊句型 1. “越来越……”结构 1. 结构：比较级 + and + 比较级 1. 含义：表示程度逐渐变化 1. 例句： 42. She is getting taller and taller.（她越来越高。） 42. The weather is getting hotter and hotter.（天气越来越热。） 42. Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.（我们的城市越来越美丽。） 1. 注意：多音节形容词用“more and more + 原级”形式。 2. “越……越……”结构 1. 结构：The + 比较级，the + 比较级 1. 含义：表示两者之间的因果关系 1. 例句： 46. The more you read, the more you know.（你读得越多，知道得越多。） 46. The sooner, the better.（越快越好。） 46. The harder you study, the better grades you will get.（你学习越努力，成绩就越好。） 3. 比较级表示最高级含义 1. 结构：比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词 1. 含义：表示“比其他任何一个都……”，即最高级含义 1. 例句： 49. He is taller than any other student in his class.（他比班上其他任何一个学生都高。）→ 他是班上最高的。 49. She runs faster than any other girl.（她比其他任何一个女孩跑得都快。）→ 她是跑得最快的女孩。 【随堂练习 4】 一、根据中文完成句子 1. 冬天变得越来越冷了。 Winter is getting ___________ ___________ ___________. 1. 我们的学校越来越漂亮了。 Our school is becoming ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________. 1. 你越努力，进步就越大。 ___________ ___________ you work, ___________ ___________ progress you will make. 1. 她比班上其他任何一个女生都外向。 She is ___________ outgoing than ___________ ___________ girl in her class. 二、句型转换 1. She is the tallest girl in her class.（改为同义句，用比较级） She is ___________ than ___________ ___________ girl in her class. 1. Tom runs faster than any other boy in his school.（改为同义句，用最高级） Tom runs ___________ ___________ of all the boys in his school. 知识点五：选择疑问句 选择疑问句用于提供两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答，用 or 连接选项。 结构： 1. 一般疑问句 + or + 选择项？ 1. 特殊疑问句，A or B？ 例句： 1. Is your brother tall or short？（你哥哥高还是矮？） 1. Which is bigger, the elephant or the giraffe？（哪个更大，大象还是长颈鹿？） 1. Do you like apples or oranges？（你喜欢苹果还是橙子？） 回答方式： 选择疑问句不能用 Yes/No 回答，必须选择其中一个选项作答。 1. He is tall. 1. The elephant is bigger. 1. I like apples. 【随堂练习 5】 一、将下列句子改为选择疑问句 1. Is she outgoing？（用 shy 作选择项） 1. Which is more interesting, this book？（用 that book 作选择项） 二、根据中文完成句子 1. 你哥哥比你高还是矮？ ___________ your brother ___________ ___________ or ___________ than you？ 1. 你喜欢哪个，篮球还是足球？ ___________ do you like ___________，basketball ___________ football？ 五、综合习题（中上难度） 一、根据首字母或中文提示补全单词 1. My sister is more o___________ than me. She likes to make friends. 1. Can you s___________ this math problem？ It's too difficult. 1. The two girls look very s___________ to each other. 1. He has a good sense of h___________ and often makes us laugh. 1. Please c___________ your answers with those in the book. 1. She is going to p___________ a magic show at the party. 1. I don't like this movie. It's b___________ than I expected. 1. He studies very h___________ and always gets good grades. 二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. She is ___________ (outgoing) than her sister. 1. This story is ___________ (interesting) than that one. 1. He runs ___________ (fast) than any other boy in his class. 1. The weather is getting ___________ and ___________ (cold). 1. ___________ (many) you read, ___________ (much) you know. 1. She is not as ___________ (tall) as her mother. 1. I think this book is ___________ (good) than that one. 1. Which is ___________ (big), the elephant or the whale？ 三、单项选择 1. My sister is ________ me. She is very quiet. A. different from B. similar to C. the same as D. good at 1. Tom is ________ than his brother. A. more outgoing B. outgoing C. most outgoing D. outgoinger 1. She sings ________ well as her mother. A. so B. as C. more D. most 1. The harder you study, ________ grades you will get. A. good B. better C. the better D. best 1. —Is your father tall or short？ —________. A. Yes, he is tall B. No, he is short C. He is tall D. Yes, he is short 1. This book is ________ interesting than that one. A. much B. very C. more D. most 1. She is ________ girl in her class. A. the tallest B. tallest C. taller D. more tall 1. My brother is ________ than me. He is 180 cm. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more tall 四、句型转换与完成句子 1. She is more outgoing than her sister.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ outgoing than her sister. 1. Tom is 170 cm. Jerry is 165 cm.（合并为一句，用比较级） Tom ________ ________ than Jerry. 1. This movie is interesting. That movie is interesting too.（合并为一句，用as...as） This movie ________ ________ interesting ________ that one. 1. 她和她姐姐一样高。（翻译） She ________ ________ tall ________ her sister. 1. 越努力，越幸运。（翻译） ________ ________ you work, ________ ________ you will be. 五、完形填空 Everyone has their own personality. Some people are outgoing, while others are quiet. There is no right or wrong. 1 is important to understand and accept the differences. I have a best friend named Lily. She is very 2 and likes to talk with everyone. She is 3 than me, so I often 4 her with others. I am quiet and shy. Many people think we can't be good friends because we are so 5 . But in fact, we have a lot 6 common. We both like reading and listening to music. We also have the 7 sense of humour. Being different doesn't mean we can't be friends. 8 , we learn from each other. She teaches me to be more outgoing, and I help her to be more 9 . We understand that differences make our friendship 10 interesting. 1. A. It B. That C. This D. There 1. A. quiet B. outgoing C. shy D. serious 1. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more tall 1. A. compare B. share C. help D. solve 1. A. similar B. same C. different D. alike 1. A. in B. on C. at D. with 1. A. same B. different C. similar D. new 1. A. In fact B. At first C. For example D. As a result 1. A. careful B. friendly C. patient D. interesting 1. A. many B. much C. more D. most 六、六选五 Different people have different ideas about friendship. Some people think friends should be similar to each other. 1 . They think it's easier to get along with someone who has the same interests. However, some people think friends should be different. 2 . They can learn new things from each other. 3 . I have two best friends. One is very outgoing and the other is quiet. The outgoing one always invites me to try new activities. The quiet one listens to me when I have problems. 4 . I'm thankful to have both of them in my life. In my opinion, the most important thing is not whether friends are similar or different, but that they truly care about each other. 5 . A. I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different. B. They believe that differences can make friendship more interesting. C. As for me, I have friends who are both similar and different. D. They make my life more colourful and meaningful. E. They believe that friends should be the same as each other. F. True friendship is about understanding and supporting each other. 七、书面表达 题目： 请以“My Best Friend and I”为题，写一篇短文，比较你和最好的朋友之间的异同。 要求： 1. 描述你们在外貌、性格、爱好等方面的相似点和不同点； 1. 至少使用三个比较级句型； 1. 词数80词左右。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $