Unit6 Beyond Earth暑期预习-单元重点知识2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

人教版九年级上册英语 Unit 6 Beyond Earth 重点知识梳理 2026新课标 · 全面提升 重点单词 重点单词讲解 重点短语 重点短语讲解 重点句型 重点句型讲解 重要知识点 重要知识点讲解 一、重点单词 1. beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ prep. & adv. 超出；在……远处；在更远处 2. mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 任务；使命 3. space /speɪs/ n. 太空；空间；空地 4. spacecraft /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/ n. 宇宙飞船（单复数同形） 5. spaceship /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ n. 宇宙飞船 6. space station /speɪs ˈsteɪʃn/ n. 空间站 7. space suit /speɪs suːt/ n. 宇航服；航天服 8. space telescope /speɪs ˈtelɪskəʊp/ n. 太空望远镜 9. space programme /speɪs ˈprəʊɡræm/ n. 太空计划 10. astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/ n. 宇航员；航天员 11. rover /ˈrəʊvə/ n. 巡视器；漫游车 12. satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ n. 卫星 13. rocket /ˈrɒkɪt/ n. 火箭 14. launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. & n. 发射；发起；上市 15. land /lænd/ v. & n. 着陆；登陆；陆地 16. board /bɔːd/ n. 板；甲板；董事会 17. orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ n. & v. 轨道；绕……轨道运行 18. planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星 19. Mars /mɑːz/ n. 火星 20. moon /muːn/ n. 月球；卫星 21. solar system /ˈsəʊlə ˈsɪstəm/ n. 太阳系 22. galaxy /ˈɡæləksi/ n. 星系；银河 23. star /stɑː/ n. 恒星；星；星星 24. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 25. outer space /ˈaʊtə speɪs/ n. 外太空 26. alien /ˈeɪliən/ n. & adj. 外星人；外国人；外国的 27. exoplanet /ˈeksəʊplænɪt/ n. 系外行星 28. kilometre /kɪˈlɒmɪtə/ n. 千米；公里 29. light year /laɪt jɪə/ n. 光年 30. billion /ˈbɪljən/ num. 十亿 31. trillion /ˈtrɪljən/ num. 万亿 32. distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离；间距 33. journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ n. 旅行；旅程 34. travel /ˈtrævl/ v. & n. 旅行；传播 35. flight /flaɪt/ n. 飞行；航班 36. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战 37. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 技术；科技 38. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展；开发；研制 39. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现 40. discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ v. 发现 41. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索；探测 42. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v. 探索；探测 43. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就；成绩 44. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ v. 达到；实现 45. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. & adj. 完成；完整的；彻底的 46. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地；彻底地 47. operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 操作；运转；做手术 48. operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 操作；运转；手术 49. operator /ˈɒpəreɪtə/ n. 操作员；接线员 50. cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 合作；协作 51. cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 合作；协作 52. weigh /weɪ/ v. 重……；称重 53. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 维护；保持；坚持 54. build /bɪld/ v. 建造；建设 55. human being /ˈhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋ/ n. 人类 56. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的；古老的 57. culture /ˈkʌltʃə/ n. 文化；文明 58. mysterious /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ adj. 神秘的 59. real /rɪəl/ adj. 真实的；真正的 60. truth /truːθ/ n. 真相；事实 61. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识；学问 62. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. & v. 研究；调查 63. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源 64. energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能源；能量；精力 65. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n. & v. 好处；利益；有益于 66. beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的；有利的 67. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的；必需的 68. possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 可能的 69. possibly /ˈpɒsəbli/ adv. 可能地 70. impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 不可能的 71. wild /waɪld/ adj. 狂野的；疯狂的；野生的 72. crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 疯狂的；狂热的 73. weightless /ˈweɪtləs/ adj. 失重的；无重量的 74. tie /taɪ/ v. 系；绑；打结 75. visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə/ n. 游客；访问者 76. tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ n. 游客；观光者 77. dream /driːm/ n. & v. 梦想；做梦 78. hope /həʊp/ v. & n. 希望；期望 79. future /ˈfjuːtʃə/ n. 未来；将来 80. prediction /prɪˈdɪkʃn/ n. 预测；预言 81. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预测；预言 82. geology /dʒiˈɒlədʒi/ n. 地质学 83. relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n. 关系；联系 84. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 85. climate change /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ n. 气候变化 86. home /həʊm/ n. 家；家园；故乡 87. period /ˈpɪəriəd/ n. 时期；一段时间 88. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全；平安 89. safe /seɪf/ adj. 安全的；平安的 90. animal /ˈænɪml/ n. 动物 91. winter /ˈwɪntə/ n. 冬天；冬季 92. nation /ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家；民族 93. base /beɪs/ n. 基地；基础 94. holiday /ˈhɒlədeɪ/ n. 假日；假期 95. lifetime /ˈlaɪftaɪm/ n. 一生；寿命 二、重点短语 1. beyond Earth 超越地球；地球之外 2. space exploration 太空探索 3. space travel 太空旅行 4. space flight 太空飞行 5. space achievements 太空成就 6. space dream 太空梦想 7. space programme 太空计划 8. long-term space station 长期空间站 9. space telescope 太空望远镜 10. manned space travel 载人太空旅行 11. unmanned space travel 无人太空旅行 12. China Space Station Telescope (CSST) 中国空间站巡天望远镜 13. space station 空间站 14. Tiangong Space Station 天宫空间站 15. Zhurong rover 祝融号火星车 16. Chang'e mission 嫦娥任务 17. Yutu rover 玉兔号月球车 18. Tianwen mission 天问任务 19. Xuntian telescope 巡天望远镜 20. Shenzhou spaceship 神舟飞船 21. Tianhe core module 天和核心舱 22. a space mission to the moon 月球太空任务 23. send there 被送往那里 24. weigh about 重约 25. on board 在（船、飞机、航天器）上 26. be carried on board 被带上 27. be found by 被……发现 28. be launched 被发射 29. be maintained 被维护 30. be continued 被继续 31. be built 被建造 32. be developed 被发展；被开发 33. be discovered 被发现 34. be known to 为……所知 35. be found 被发现 36. be thought 被认为 37. be visited by 被……拜访 38. be made into 被制成 39. be filled with 充满 40. be used to do 被用来做某事 41. be used to doing 习惯于做某事 42. used to do 过去常常做某事 43. set foot on 踏上 44. land rovers on Mars 在火星着陆巡视器 45. photograph other galaxies 拍摄其他星系 46. reach the stars 抵达恒星 47. run out of 用完；耗尽 48. in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 49. in time 最终；总有一天；及时 50. in case 以防；万一 51. in space 在太空 52. in outer space 在外太空 53. in the future 在将来 54. in the far future 在遥远的未来 55. in the near future 在不久的将来 56. in the universe 在宇宙中 57. in the solar system 在太阳系中 58. during this period 在这段时期 59. during my lifetime 在我有生之年 60. at present 目前；现在 61. at some point 在某一时刻 62. at that time 在那时 63. one day 有一天 64. from now on 从现在开始 65. since the beginning of human history 自人类历史开端以来 66. look up at 抬头看 67. raise the question 提出问题 68. deal with 处理；应对 69. climate change 气候变化 70. cooperate with one another 互相合作 71. cooperate and do research together 合作并一起进行研究 72. do space research 进行太空研究 73. new technologies 新技术 74. energy resources 能源资源 75. be useful to Earth 对地球有用 76. take time 花费时间 77. live and work 生活和工作 78. spend holidays 度假 79. explore the universe 探索宇宙 80. come true 实现 81. hundreds of thousands of 数十万的 82. thousands of 成千上万的 83. light years away 光年远 84. 4.2 light years away 4.2光年远 85. 23.5 billion kilometres from Earth 距地球235亿公里 86. 40 trillion kilometres 40万亿公里 87. 400,000 kilometres 40万公里 88. six to nine months 六到九个月 89. hundreds of thousands of years 数十万年 90. the other side of the moon 月球的另一边 91. man-made object 人造物体 92. travelling furthest from Earth 离地球飞行最远的 93. Earth's nearest star 地球最近的恒星 94. Proxima Centauri 比邻星 95. Voyager 1 旅行者1号 96. alien life 外星生命 97. sounds and pictures from Earth 来自地球的声音和图片 98. who we are and where we are from 我们是谁、来自哪里 99. space flights with humans 载人太空飞行 100. health and safety 健康和安全 101. sleep during the journey 在旅程中睡觉 102. faster spacecraft 更快的航天器 103. necessary technology 必要的技术 104. nations and scientists 国家和科学家 105. improve our knowledge of Earth 增进我们对地球的认识 106. the place in the universe 在宇宙中的位置 107. the study of other planets 对其他行星的研究 108. Earth's geology, history, and relationship 地球的地质、历史及其与其他行星的关系 109. technology developed for space 为太空开发的技术 110. benefit us here on Earth 使地球上的我们受益 111. deal with problems caused by climate change 应对气候变化造成的问题 112. find new resources 找到新资源 113. a new home for us human beings 我们人类的新家园 114. be made into our new home 被制成我们的新家园 115. a completely wild dream 一个完全疯狂的梦想 116. as people once dreamt 正如人们曾经梦想的 三、重点句型 1. What does it take to explore space? 2. In this unit, you will talk about space achievements. 3. You will make predictions about space exploration using the passive voice. 4. You will describe your space dream. 5. You will explore the meaning of and reasons for space exploration. 6. Why do we explore space? 7. How far can we go into space? 8. To explore and discover new things and places is part of what makes us human. 9. What do you know about the objects or names in the pictures? 10. Chang'e is a space programme's name for a mission to the moon. 11. Tiangong is China's first long-term space station. 12. Xuntian is another name known for China Space Station Telescope (CSST). 13. Zhurong is a rover sent to Mars to explore its surface. 14. The Zhurong rover has successfully landed on Mars. 15. It is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow. 16. The Tiangong Space Station was completed. 17. More satellites will be sent there. 18. The Xuntian telescope weighs about 16,500 kg. 19. It can be more easily maintained and repaired. 20. Do you know / Have you heard that ... will be launched soon? 21. Where is Ms Wang? 22. What is her job? 23. How does it feel to be weightless? 24. Will you be visited by other astronauts? 25. What does Earth look like from space? 26. What's difficult about living in space? 27. How do you eat up there? 28. Our question today is: Why do we explore space? 29. There are three good reasons to explore space. 30. First, to improve our knowledge of Earth and its place in the universe. 31. The study of other planets helps us better understand Earth's geology, history, and relationship with other planets. 32. Second, technology developed for space can benefit us here on Earth. 33. Some satellites, for example, help us deal with problems caused by climate change. 34. And the third reason? 35. Well, at some point in the far future, we may find new resources in outer space. 36. It might sound crazy, but our Earth may run out of resources. 37. In that case, a new home for us human beings will be needed. 38. Maybe Mars will be made into our new home in the future. 39. New technology will soon be developed. 40. Exploration of the planet Mars will be continued. 41. International research stations will be built on the moon and Mars. 42. Will life be found on another planet? 43. Will you be visited by other astronauts? 44. This project will require students to do research on space exploration. 45. Scientists will position more satellites in space. 46. Because of the bad weather, they will cancel the trip to the space museum. 47. The magazine will publish an article about future space travel next month. 48. Will the space centre launch a new rocket next month? 49. For a long time, scientists have known that the universe is filled with stars. 50. In more recent times, however, thousands of "exoplanets" have also been discovered. 51. These are planets that move around stars — just like in our own solar system. 52. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us. 53. As technology improves, many more will be found. 54. Some exoplanets are similar to Earth. 55. They are of a similar size and temperature, and they might have water. 56. It is thought that if there is water, there might also be alien life! 57. Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. 58. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. 59. However, as technology and science developed, we learnt the truth about stars. 60. They are real places like our own sun, and they are further away than anyone imagined. 61. This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? 62. The man-made object which has travelled furthest from Earth is Voyager 1. 63. This spacecraft was launched in 1977. 64. In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. 65. It shows who we are and where we are from. 66. Now, Voyager 1 is an amazing 23.5 billion kilometres from Earth. 67. But that is still a long way from Earth's nearest star, Proxima Centauri. 68. That star is 4.2 light years away — about 40 trillion kilometres! 69. The challenge of visiting the stars gets even bigger for space flights with humans. 70. The furthest that any human has gone in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, around the other side of the moon. 71. Time is a big problem. 72. At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. 73. What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? 74. And how about their health and safety? 75. These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. 76. It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! 77. Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream. 78. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey like some animals do in winter. 79. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. 80. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. 81. Humans have set foot on the moon, successfully landed rovers on Mars, and even photographed other galaxies. 82. In time, it seems likely that one day we may reach the stars as people once dreamt. 83. Do you hope to travel by spaceship to other planets one day? 84. Who was the first Chinese astronaut to do a spacewalk? 85. What is the name of China's first large survey telescope? 86. How many kilograms does a space suit that an astronaut wears usually weigh? 87. What is the longest time that an astronaut has lived on a space station? 88. How fast do you think a spacecraft can travel? 89. Are you going to watch the rocket launch tomorrow morning? 90. I'm going there early in case there are too many people. 91. I think it'll be very crowded. 92. I'd prefer to see it with my own eyes. 93. I want to be an astronaut in the future. 94. The job must require you to be strong both in mind and body. 95. I think it's fantastic to live and work in space. 96. But it must be difficult to fall asleep if you need to be tied down! 97. I believe that space travel will be made much easier in time. 98. Well, I've only been on board a plane twice, and I was scared. 99. I prefer to have a job that keeps my feet on the ground. 100. For thousands of years, human beings dreamt of visiting the moon and other planets. 101. Though many missions failed or had to be cancelled, space exploration never stopped. 102. In 1969, humans finally set foot on the moon's surface. 103. Since then, more missions to the moon have been launched. 104. Right now, China's Yutu 2 rover is still exploring the moon, and Chang'e 8 will be launched soon. 105. It is hoped that moon bases will be built in the near future so that scientists can cooperate and do more research there. 106. In time, it seems possible that the wild dream of visiting other planets will also come true. 107. My space dream is that one day a space station will be built on the moon. 108. I believe there are quite a few benefits. 109. First, it will be a good place for scientists to cooperate and do space research together. 110. New technologies can be developed, tested, and operated there. 111. These technologies can then be used to help build stations on Mars and other planets. 112. Second, more resources will be found. 113. I think the moon may have some special kind of energy resources that can be useful to Earth. 114. It just takes time for scientists to find it. 115. Third, people may live and work there. 116. Tourists will also be able to visit. 117. I want to be one of the first visitors. 118. I hope that one day we humans can spend holidays in space and explore the universe. 119. Humans have achieved many things that were once only dreams. 120. I hope the space station on the moon will be built in the near future, and I hope it will happen during my lifetime. 四、重点句型讲解 What does it take to explore space? take 在本句中意为“需要；花费”。句意为“探索太空需要什么？” In this unit, you will make predictions about space exploration using the passive voice. make predictions about... 意为“对……做出预测”。using the passive voice 为现在分词短语作方式状语。 To explore and discover new things and places is part of what makes us human. 本句中不定式短语 To explore and discover... 作主语。what makes us human 为宾语从句。 Chang'e is a space programme's name for a mission to the moon. a mission to the moon 意为“月球任务/使命”。 Zhurong is a rover sent to Mars to explore its surface. sent to Mars 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 rover。to explore its surface 为不定式表目的。 It is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow. It is hoped that... 意为“人们希望……”，it 为形式主语，that 从句为真正主语。manned mission 意为“载人任务”。 More satellites will be sent there. will be sent 为一般将来时被动语态。 The Xuntian telescope weighs about 16,500 kg. weigh 为动词，意为“重……”。about 16,500 kg 意为“约16500公斤”。 It can be more easily maintained and repaired. can be maintained and repaired 为含有情态动词的被动语态，两个过去分词并列。 Will you be visited by other astronauts? will be visited 为一般将来时被动语态。by other astronauts 引出动作执行者。 There are three good reasons to explore space. reasons to do sth. 意为“做某事的理由/原因”。 First, to improve our knowledge of Earth and its place in the universe. to improve... 为不定式短语作表语，解释 reason 的内容。knowledge of... 意为“……方面的知识”。 The study of other planets helps us better understand Earth's geology, history, and relationship with other planets. help sb. (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。better understand 为“副词 + 动词”结构。 Technology developed for space can benefit us here on Earth. developed for space 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 technology。benefit 在此为动词，意为“使……受益”。 Some satellites, for example, help us deal with problems caused by climate change. for example 为插入语。deal with 意为“处理；应对”。caused by climate change 为过去分词短语作后置定语。 At some point in the far future, we may find new resources in outer space. at some point 意为“在某一时刻”。in the far future 意为“在遥远的未来”。outer space 意为“外太空”。 It might sound crazy, but our Earth may run out of resources. sound + adj. 意为“听起来……”。run out of 意为“用完；耗尽”。 In that case, a new home for us human beings will be needed. in that case 意为“既然那样；假使那样的话”。will be needed 为一般将来时被动语态。 Maybe Mars will be made into our new home in the future. be made into 意为“被制成……”。in the future 意为“在将来”。 New technology will soon be developed. will be developed 为一般将来时被动语态。soon 意为“不久；很快”。 Exploration of the planet Mars will be continued. Exploration of... 意为“……的探索”。will be continued 为一般将来时被动语态。 International research stations will be built on the moon and Mars. will be built 为一般将来时被动语态。international research stations 意为“国际研究站”。 Will life be found on another planet? will be found 为一般将来时被动语态。on another planet 意为“在另一个行星上”。 For a long time, scientists have known that the universe is filled with stars. for a long time 常与现在完成时连用。be filled with 意为“充满……”。that 引导宾语从句。 In more recent times, however, thousands of "exoplanets" have also been discovered. have been discovered 为现在完成时被动语态。thousands of 意为“成千上万的”。 These are planets that move around stars — just like in our own solar system. that move around stars 为定语从句，修饰 planets。just like 意为“正如；就像”。 So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us. so far 意为“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用。be known to 意为“为……所知”。 As technology improves, many more will be found. as 在此意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。many more 指代“更多的系外行星”。 It is thought that if there is water, there might also be alien life! It is thought that... 意为“人们认为……”。if 引导条件状语从句。 Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. since + 时间点，主句常用现在完成时。look up at 意为“抬头看”。what they were like 为宾语从句。 Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. ancient cultures 意为“古代文明”。points of light 意为“光点”。mysterious worlds 意为“神秘的世界”。 However, as technology and science developed, we learnt the truth about stars. as 在此意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。learn the truth about... 意为“了解……的真相”。 They are real places like our own sun, and they are further away than anyone imagined. further away 为 far 的比较级。than anyone imagined 意为“比任何人想象的都更……”。 This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? raise the question 意为“提出问题”。one day 意为“有一天”。 The man-made object which has travelled furthest from Earth is Voyager 1. man-made 为复合形容词，意为“人造的”。which has travelled furthest from Earth 为定语从句。 This spacecraft was launched in 1977. was launched 为一般过去时被动语态。 In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. in case 意为“以防；万一”，引导条件状语从句。is found by alien life 为被动语态。is carried on board 意为“被带上（航天器）”。 It shows who we are and where we are from. who we are and where we are from 为并列宾语从句，作 shows 的宾语。 Now, Voyager 1 is an amazing 23.5 billion kilometres from Earth. 23.5 billion kilometres from Earth 意为“距地球235亿公里”。 That star is 4.2 light years away — about 40 trillion kilometres! light years away 意为“光年远”，表示距离。about 40 trillion kilometres 意为“约40万亿公里”。 The challenge of visiting the stars gets even bigger for space flights with humans. get + 形容词比较级 意为“变得更加……”。space flights with humans 意为“载人太空飞行”。 The furthest that any human has gone in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, around the other side of the moon. the furthest that... 为定语从句结构。around the other side of the moon 意为“在月球另一边”。 At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. at present 意为“目前”。take around six to nine months 意为“需要大约六到九个月”。 These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. when 引导时间状语从句。grow 意为“增加；加剧”。 It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! It takes + 时间 + to do sth. 意为“做某事需要花费多少时间”。hundreds of thousands of 意为“数十万的”。 Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream. however 为插入语。visiting the stars 为动名词短语作主语（that 从句中）。a wild dream 意为“一个疯狂的梦想”。 One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey like some animals do in winter. have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”。like some animals do in winter 为方式状语从句。 Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. another 指代 another idea。much faster 为比较级，much 修饰比较级。 While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. while 在此意为“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。with + 宾语 + 现在分词 构成复合结构。that 引导同位语从句，解释 hope 的内容。 Humans have set foot on the moon, successfully landed rovers on Mars, and even photographed other galaxies. set foot on 意为“踏上”。三个并列的动宾结构：set foot on...、landed rovers...、photographed...。 In time, it seems likely that one day we may reach the stars as people once dreamt. in time 意为“最终；总有一天”。It seems likely that... 意为“似乎很可能……”。as people once dreamt 意为“正如人们曾经梦想的”。 Do you hope to travel by spaceship to other planets one day? hope to do sth. 意为“希望做某事”。by spaceship 意为“乘宇宙飞船”。 Who was the first Chinese astronaut to do a spacewalk? the first + 名词 + to do sth. 意为“第一个做某事的……”。spacewalk 意为“太空行走”。 I'd prefer to see it with my own eyes. would prefer to do sth. 意为“更愿意做某事”。with my own eyes 意为“用我自己的眼睛”。 The job must require you to be strong both in mind and body. require sb. to do sth. 意为“要求某人做某事”。both in mind and body 意为“身心两方面”。 I think it's fantastic to live and work in space. it 为形式主语，真正主语为 to live and work in space。 But it must be difficult to fall asleep if you need to be tied down! it 为形式主语，真正主语为 to fall asleep。be tied down 意为“被绑住”。 I believe that space travel will be made much easier in time. will be made much easier 为一般将来时被动语态，much easier 为宾语补足语。in time 意为“最终”。 I prefer to have a job that keeps my feet on the ground. keep one's feet on the ground 意为“脚踏实地”。that keeps my feet on the ground 为定语从句。 For thousands of years, human beings dreamt of visiting the moon and other planets. for thousands of years 常与过去时或过去完成时连用。dream of doing sth. 意为“梦想做某事”。 Though many missions failed or had to be cancelled, space exploration never stopped. though 引导让步状语从句。had to be cancelled 为 have to 的被动语态。 In 1969, humans finally set foot on the moon's surface. set foot on 意为“踏上”。moon's surface 意为“月球表面”。 Since then, more missions to the moon have been launched. since then 意为“从那以后”，常与现在完成时连用。have been launched 为现在完成时被动语态。 Right now, China's Yutu 2 rover is still exploring the moon, and Chang'e 8 will be launched soon. right now 意为“现在”。will be launched soon 为一般将来时被动语态。 It is hoped that moon bases will be built in the near future so that scientists can cooperate and do more research there. It is hoped that... 意为“人们希望……”。so that 引导目的状语从句。cooperate 意为“合作”。 In time, it seems possible that the wild dream of visiting other planets will also come true. it seems possible that... 意为“似乎有可能……”。come true 意为“实现”。 My space dream is that one day a space station will be built on the moon. that 引导表语从句，说明 dream 的内容。will be built 为一般将来时被动语态。 I believe there are quite a few benefits. quite a few 意为“相当多”，修饰可数名词复数。 First, it will be a good place for scientists to cooperate and do space research together. a good place for sb. to do sth. 意为“某人做某事的好地方”。cooperate 意为“合作”。 New technologies can be developed, tested, and operated there. can be developed, tested, and operated 为含有情态动词的被动语态，三个过去分词并列。 These technologies can then be used to help build stations on Mars and other planets. be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。help (to) do sth. 意为“帮助做某事”。 Second, more resources will be found. will be found 为一般将来时被动语态。 I think the moon may have some special kind of energy resources that can be useful to Earth. some special kind of 意为“某种特殊的……”。that can be useful to Earth 为定语从句。 It just takes time for scientists to find it. It takes time for sb. to do sth. 意为“某人做某事需要时间”。 Third, people may live and work there. may 为情态动词，表示“可能”。 Tourists will also be able to visit. will be able to 意为“将能够”。 I hope that one day we humans can spend holidays in space and explore the universe. that 引导宾语从句。spend holidays 意为“度假”。explore the universe 意为“探索宇宙”。 Humans have achieved many things that were once only dreams. have achieved 为现在完成时。that were once only dreams 为定语从句。 I hope the space station on the moon will be built in the near future, and I hope it will happen during my lifetime. in the near future 意为“在不久的将来”。during my lifetime 意为“在我有生之年”。 五、重点知识点 1. 一般将来时被动语态（will be done） 本单元语法重点是“一般将来时被动语态”，用来预测未来太空探索中将会发生的事情。结构为：will + be + 及物动词的过去分词。 New technology will soon be developed. Exploration of the planet Mars will be continued. International research stations will be built on the moon and Mars. Will life be found on another planet? Will you be visited by other astronauts? 否定形式：will not be + done 疑问形式：Will + 主语 + be + done? 特殊疑问：疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done? 2. 被动语态的多种形式 本单元还复习了其他时态的被动语态，常与将来时被动语态在同一语境中使用： 一般现在时被动语态：am / is / are + done 一般过去时被动语态：was / were + done 现在完成时被动语态：have / has + been + done 一般将来时被动语态：will + be + done 情态动词被动语态：can / may / might / must + be + done 例：The universe is filled with stars.（一般现在时被动） 例：This spacecraft was launched in 1977.（一般过去时被动） 例：Thousands of exoplanets have also been discovered.（现在完成时被动） 例：New technology will soon be developed.（一般将来时被动） 例：It can be more easily maintained and repaired.（情态动词被动） 3. 主动语态变被动语态 转换步骤： ① 将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语； ② 将谓语动词改为“be + 过去分词”形式，时态与主动句一致； ③ 主动句的主语由 by 引出，作动作执行者，通常可省略； ④ 其他成分不变。 主动：Scientists will build stations on Mars. 被动：Stations will be built on Mars by scientists. 主动：They will launch a new rocket next month. 被动：A new rocket will be launched (by them) next month. 注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态；不及物动词、连系动词等无被动语态。 4. 重点介词短语与固定搭配 be filled with 充满 be made into 被制成 be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料） be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料） be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be known to 为……所知 be thought 被认为 be discovered 被发现 be developed 被发展/开发 be built 被建造 be visited by 被……拜访 be found by 被……发现 be carried on board 被带上 be launched 被发射 be maintained 被维护 be continued 被继续 set foot on 踏上 run out of 用完；耗尽 look up at 抬头看 raise the question 提出问题 deal with 处理；应对 make predictions about 对……做出预测 in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 in time 最终；总有一天 in case 以防；万一 in space 在太空 in outer space 在外太空 in the future 在将来 in the far future 在遥远的未来 in the near future 在不久的将来 at present 目前 during this period 在这段时期 during my lifetime 在我有生之年 come true 实现 cooperate with 与……合作 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 It takes + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事需要花费多少时间 It seems likely that... 似乎很可能…… It seems possible that... 似乎有可能…… It is hoped that... 人们希望…… It is thought that... 人们认为…… 5. 易混淆：used 的三种用法 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事（被动语态，to 为不定式符号） be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事（to 为介词，后接动名词） used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（表示过去习惯，现在已不如此） 例：Pipes were used to keep the ground hard.（被用来） 例：I am used to getting up early.（习惯于） 例：I used to play football after school.（过去常常） 6. 太空探索主题词汇与表达 space exploration 太空探索 space travel 太空旅行 space flight 太空飞行 space station 空间站 spacecraft 宇宙飞船 spaceship 宇宙飞船 space telescope 太空望远镜 space programme 太空计划 space suit 宇航服 astronaut 宇航员 rover 巡视器；漫游车 satellite 卫星 rocket 火箭 launch 发射 land 着陆 orbit 轨道；绕轨道运行 planet 行星 Mars 火星 moon 月球 solar system 太阳系 galaxy 星系 star 恒星 universe 宇宙 outer space 外太空 alien 外星人；外国的 exoplanet 系外行星 light year 光年 space achievements 太空成就 space dream 太空梦想 manned space travel 载人太空旅行 unmanned space travel 无人太空旅行 7. 数字与距离表达 billion 十亿；trillion 万亿；light year 光年。 注意：英语中数字按千位分隔，如 23,500,000,000 读作 twenty-three point five billion。 距离表达：基数词 + 单位 + from... 表示“离……有多远”；基数词 + light years away 表示“距离……光年”。 23.5 billion kilometres from Earth 4.2 light years away about 40 trillion kilometres about 400,000 kilometres around six to nine months hundreds of thousands of years 8. 定语从句的延续 本单元继续巩固定语从句，关系代词 which / that 指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 例：The man-made object which has travelled furthest from Earth is Voyager 1. 例：These are planets that move around stars. 例：Humans have achieved many things that were once only dreams. 例：I prefer to have a job that keeps my feet on the ground. 9. 形式主语与宾语从句 It is hoped that... 人们希望…… It is thought that... 人们认为…… It seems likely that... 似乎很可能…… It seems possible that... 似乎有可能…… that / if / whether / wh- 疑问词引导的宾语从句均用陈述语序。 例：It is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow. 例：It is thought that if there is water, there might also be alien life! 例：Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods. 例：I hope that one day we humans can spend holidays in space. 第 1 页 共 49 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $