Unit 6 Earth and Beyond (单元同步写作讲义)英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册

2026-07-04
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语仁爱科普版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.67 MB
发布时间 2026-07-04
更新时间 2026-07-15
作者 紫諾
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2026-07-04
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58647505.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

本初中英语讲义围绕“宇宙探索与行星科学”主题,聚焦太阳系行星特征对比及比较级、最高级的运用,构建从词汇(天体、描述词)、短语(基础/高分短语)到句式(对比分析句、总结句)的写作支架,联动前后单元培养对比思维与话题迁移能力。 资料通过“储素材-品范例-重实战”三阶设计,以地球与火星对比为典例,融入对比逻辑连接词训练与易错警示,提升语言能力与思维品质。课中互动活动增强课堂参与,课后自评与语法巩固助力查漏补缺,培养科学探究精神与宇宙视野。

内容正文:

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于 “人与自然” 范畴,核心主题为 “宇宙探索与行星科学” ,单元核心问句:What can you see in the sky at night? 该单元旨在引导学生了解太阳系与行星知识,使学生能够运用比较级和最高级对比地球与其他行星的特征(如大小、与太阳的距离、温度、是否有水等),培养科学探究精神与宇宙视野,激发对未知世界的好奇心。 教材以“神奇的太阳系”为主题阅读素材(P8-P9),涉及太阳系八大行星的分布、地球与火星的对比(P13)、冥王星的探索等,向学生传递 “地球是宇宙中独特的家园,而宇宙充满了等待我们去发现的奥秘” 的深刻内涵。单元写作任务明确要求“介绍地球及其邻居行星”,为对比说明文写作提供了清晰的语言支架。 【跨单元融合提示】 本单元主题与前后单元存在自然关联:如“介绍火星”可与Unit 1“科学家/宇航员职业”联动;“探索宇宙”可与Unit 5“旅行与探索”联动;“比较行星”可与Unit 3“健康生活方式中对比不同习惯”的对比思维联动。教师在教学中可适当引导学生建立跨单元的话题迁移意识。 【单元写作思维导图】 词汇积累 【基础必会·天体与空间】 1 / 14 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.Sun 太阳 2.Earth 地球 3.Mars 火星 4.Mercury 水星 5.Venus 金星 6.Jupiter 木星 7.Saturn 土星 8.Uranus 天王星 9.Neptune 海王星 10.Moon 月球 11.star 恒星 12.planet 行星 13.solar system 太阳系 14.universe 宇宙 15.satellite 卫星 16.spacecraft 宇宙飞船 17.telescope 望远镜 18.space 太空 19.comet 彗星 20.galaxy 星系 【进阶加分·描述词汇】 1.bright 明亮的 2.hot 热的 3.cold 寒冷的 4.large 大的 5.small 小的 6.far 遥远的 7.close 近的 8.amazing 令人惊叹的 9.special 特殊的 10.similar 相似的 11.beautiful 美丽的 12.mysterious 神秘的 【后缀 -ness 构词法总结】 后缀 含义 例词 构词规则 -ness ……的状态/性质 brightness, darkness, coldness, closeness, smallness, weakness, happiness, fitness, carefulness, responsibility 形容词 + -ness 📌 记忆小贴士:在形容词后加后缀 -ness 构成名词,表示某种状态或性质。如:bright + -ness = brightness(明亮);dark + -ness = darkness(黑暗);cold + -ness = coldness(寒冷)。注意:以 y 结尾的形容词,变 y 为 i 再加 -ness,如:happy → happiness;以 e 结尾的形容词,去 e 加 -ness,如:happy → happiness(变 y 为 i 加 -ness)。 【微练习·后缀 -ness 填空】 任务:用所给词的适当形式填空(加 -ness)。 1. The __________ (bright) of a star depends on its size. 2. We all want to live in __________ (happy). 3. The __________ (cold) in winter makes us wear more clothes. 4. Carefulness and __________ (responsible) are important for scientists. 5. He felt a sense of __________ (weak) after the long walk. 短语积累 【基础必会短语】 1.go around ... 绕……运行 2.away from ... 远离…… 3.on average 平均 4.in common 共同点 5.because of ... 因为…… 6.look for 寻找 7.be interested in ... 对……感兴趣 8.in the daytime 在白天 9.at night 在夜晚 10.be known as ... 被称为…… 【进阶加分·中考高分短语】 1.neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… 2.be similar to ... 与……相似 3.at a distance of ... 在……的距离 4.be made up of 由……组成 5.have something in common 有共同之处 6.be divided into 被分为 7.wait for sb. to do 等待某人做某事 8.on the surface of ... 在……的表面 9.more than 超过;多于 10.as for ... 至于…… 11.compared with ... 与……相比 12.that is why ... 那就是为什么…… 句式积累 开头句(引出话题): 1.When you look up at the sky at night, you can see many stars. 当你夜晚仰望天空时,你可以看到许多星星。 2.Is there any life in outer space? This question makes us think of Mars. 外太空有生命吗?这个问题让我们想到了火星。 3.The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets. 太阳系由太阳和八大行星组成。 中间句(对比分析): 1....has a diameter of around ... kilometers. ……的直径约为……公里。 2....is farther from the Sun than ... , but closer than ... ……比……离太阳更远,但比……更近。 3....That is why ... is colder/hotter than ... 那就是为什么……比……更冷/更热。 4....The temperature on ... is about ... degrees Celsius. ……上的温度约为……摄氏度。 5....There is a lot of ... on ... , while on ... we have ... ……上有大量的……,而在……上有…… 6....Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common—... 虽然这两个行星有很多不同之处,但它们有共同点——…… 7....looks ... because of its ... , while ... looks ... because of its ... ……看起来……因为它的……,而……看起来……因为它的…… 结尾句(总结与展望): 1....is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe. ……在等待着我们去探索,宇宙也是如此。 2....Earth is alive with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold. 地球充满生命,因为它既不太热也不太冷。 3....The universe is full of mysteries waiting for us to discover. 宇宙充满了等待我们去发现的奥秘。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句(P13课文): Earth is closer to the Sun than Mars, but farther from the Sun than Venus. (地球比火星更靠近太阳,但比金星离太阳更远。) 仿写任务: 水星比地球更靠近太阳,但比金星离太阳更远。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句(P13课文): Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe. (火星在等待着我们去探索,宇宙也是如此。) 仿写任务: 未来在等待着我们去创造,世界也是如此。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句(P13课文): Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common—water. (虽然这两个行星有很多不同之处,但它们有共同点——水。) 仿写任务: 虽然地球和火星在大小上有所不同,但它们有一些共同点——都存在水。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 典例 假如你是李明,你所在学校的科学俱乐部正在举办“探索太阳系”主题征文活动。请你根据以下表格中的信息,写一篇英文短文,对比地球和它的邻居——火星。 项目 地球 火星 教材对应素材 直径 约13,000公里 约6,800公里 P13 “Earth's diameter is around 13,000 km; Mars has a diameter of around 6,800 km” 与太阳距离 约1.5亿公里(第三近) 约2.28亿公里(第四近) P13 “Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth” 颜色 蓝色(海洋) 红色(红色土壤) P13 “Mars looks red because of its red soil; Earth looks blue because of its oceans” 平均温度 约14°C 约零下63°C P13 “Mars is colder than Earth” 水 地表和地下都有水 地下有冰 P13 “water both on and under the ground” 注意: (1) 短文必须包含表格中所列的信息,可作适当发挥; (2) 书写规范,词数70—90左右; (3) 开头已给出,仅供参考,不计入总词数。 Earth and Mars are neighbors in the solar system. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题 1 题材: 本文是一篇对比说明文/征文稿。 2 人称、时态: 人称以第三人称为主;时态以一般现在时为主。 3 硬性写作要点: 必须涵盖直径、与太阳距离、颜色、温度、是否有水等五个对比维度。 4 文体提示: 对比说明文需要运用比较级(-er/more)和最高级(-est/most),注意对比逻辑清晰。 课堂互动小栏目【3分钟同桌闯关·全班抢答】 活动形式: 同桌合作完成任务,随机点名核对答案,全员进行句型口头抢答。 任务1:写出本篇作文必须包含的5个对比维度 1._______________ 2. _______________3._______________ 4. _______________5._______________ 任务2:比较级小判断(正确打√,错误打×) ( ) “Mars is smaller than Earth.” 是正确的比较级用法。 ( ) “Mars is more farther from the Sun than Earth.” 是正确的比较级用法。 任务3:口头句型仿写(使用“That is why ...”造一个完整句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 谋篇布局 段落 写作要点 开头(Opening) 引出地球和火星,点明它们是邻居。 中间(Body) 从大小、距离、温度、颜色、水等方面对比地球和火星。 结尾(Ending) 总结两者的异同,表达探索的期望。 佳作展示 Earth and Mars are neighbors in the solar system. Let me tell you some differences between them. Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers, while Earth's diameter is about 13,000 kilometers. Mars is also farther from the Sun than Earth. That is why Mars is colder than Earth. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C, but on Earth it's about 14°C on average. Mars looks red because of its red soil, while Earth looks blue because of its oceans. Although they have many differences, they have something in common—water. There is ice under the ground on Mars, and we have water both on and under the ground on Earth. Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe! 佳作赏析 亮点词汇: ①neighbor 邻居 ②difference 不同之处 ③diameter 直径 ④while 然而(表对比) ⑤on average 平均 ⑥have something in common 有共同之处 高分句型: ①Mars is smaller than Earth.(比较级) ②That is why Mars is colder than Earth.(that is why ... 那就是为什么……) ③Although they have many differences, they have something in common—water.(although引导的让步状语从句 + 破折号补充说明) ④Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.(and so is ... 倒装结构) 写作易错警示(单元高频扣分点) 序号 易错点 正确用法 1 比较级重复: more bigger / more farther bigger / farther(比较级不加more) 2 最高级漏冠词: Jupiter is largest planet Jupiter is the largest planet(最高级前加the) 3 后缀 -ness 拼写错误: brightness / happiness 注意变y为i加ness:happy → happiness 4 介词误用: in the Sun / away of the Sun from the Sun / away from the Sun 5 对比结构混乱: 缺少while/but等对比连接词 使用 while, but, however 等明确对比关系 (一) ★(24-25八上·北京一零一中学·期中) 太阳系中有八大行星。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文,介绍一下太阳系。 提示要点: 1.太阳系由什么组成? 2.八大行星的分类(内行星和外行星); 3.你对太阳系的感受。 要求: (1) 词数70左右; (2) 内容完整,语句通顺。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (二) ★★(23-24八上·南京外国语学校·期末) 地球是目前已知唯一存在生命的行星。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文,介绍地球为什么适合生命生存。 提示要点: 1.地球与太阳的距离适中; 2.地球有适宜的空气和温度; 3.地球上有丰富的水和陆地。 要求: (1)词数70—80; (2)条理清晰,语句通顺。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (三) ★★(探索火星主题写作) 假设你是李华,你所在的学校天文社正在举办“探索火星”主题讲座。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文,介绍火星。 提示要点: 1.火星的位置和外观; 2.火星的大小和温度; 3.火星上是否有水; 4.科学家为什么对火星感兴趣。 要求: (1)词数80左右; (2)内容完整,条理清晰。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (四) ★★(24-25八上·天津一中·期中) 假设你是李想,请你根据以下表格信息,写一篇短文,对比地球和金星。 特征 地球 金星 与太阳的距离 第三近 第二近 温度 约14°C 最高(约465°C) 大小 直径约13,000公里 比地球略小 是否有生命 有 无 要求: (1)词数80左右; (2)运用比较级和最高级,内容完整。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (五) ★(命题作文 The Solar System) 书面表达。 请你以“The Solar System”为题,根据以下提示,写一篇英文短文。 提示要点: 1.太阳系由什么组成; 2.你最感兴趣的是哪个行星?为什么? 3.你想探索宇宙吗?为什么? 要求: (1)词数70—90; (2)内容完整,表达真实想法。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (六) ★★(24-25八上·成都七中·月考) 月球是地球唯一的天然卫星。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文介绍月球。 提示要点: 1.月球的大小和与地球的距离; 2.月球的表面特征; 3.月球对地球的影响(如潮汐)。 要求: (1)词数70左右; (2)内容完整,条理清晰。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (七) ★★(天文馆参观日记) 假设你是王芳,你在天文馆看了一场关于太阳系的展览。请你根据以下提示,写一篇日记,记录这次参观经历。 提示要点: 1.参观的时间和地点; 2.你看到了什么; 3.你的感受和收获。 要求: (1)词数80左右,日记格式已给出; (2)内容完整,情感真实。 Saturday, December 14th Cloudy ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (八) ★★(对比说明·地球与火星) 请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文,对比地球和火星。 提示要点: 1.地球和火星的大小; 2.地球和火星的颜色; 3.地球和火星的温度; 4.地球和火星是否有水。 要求: (1)词数70—80; (2)运用比较级,条理清晰。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (九) ★★★(中国航天·给笔友写信) 假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Tom对太空探索很感兴趣。他写信问你对中国航天事业的了解。请你根据以下提示,给他回一封邮件。 提示要点: 1.中国航天事业取得的成就(如神舟飞船、天宫空间站等); 2.中国航天员的故事(如邓清明等); 3.你对太空探索的看法。 要求: (1)词数80左右,邮件开头格式已给出; (2)内容完整,表达自豪之情。 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear that you are interested in space exploration. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua (十) ★★★(对比说明·地球与它的邻居) 请你以“Earth and Its Neighbors”为题,根据以下提示,写一篇英文短文。 提示要点: 1.地球的两个邻居——金星和火星; 2.金星和火星分别有什么特点; 3.为什么地球是唯一有生命的行星。 要求: (1) 词数80—90; (2) 内容完整,对比清晰。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 综合拓展写作任务(选做·单元拔高大题) 假设你是李华,学校正在举办“探索宇宙”英文征文比赛。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文参赛。 提示要点: 1.介绍地球和另一个行星(如火星或金星)的对比; 2.说明它们的相似之处和不同之处; 3.谈谈你对探索宇宙的看法和期望。 要求: (1)词数100左右; (2)内容完整,条理清晰,有真情实感; (3)尽可能使用本单元所学的词汇、短语和句型。 写作框架提示: 第一段:引出要对比的两个行星(地球和火星/金星); 第二段:从大小、距离、温度、颜色、水等多维度进行对比; 第三段:总结异同,表达对探索宇宙的看法和期望。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 单元写作评价量规(融合教材Self-assessment + 中考评分标准) 本量规参照中考英语书面表达评分标准设计,从内容完整性、语言准确性、篇章结构三个维度进行评价,每项满分5分,总计15分。可用于学生自评、同伴互评及教师批改。 评价维度 5分(优秀) 4分(良好) 3分(合格) 1-2分(需改进) 内容完整性(5分) 完整覆盖全部对比维度,主动加入教材中地球与火星对比的拓展细节,内容饱满丰富 所有基础对比要点齐全,少量简单拓展 遗漏1个核心对比维度,内容单薄无拓展 遗漏2个及以上核心对比要点,内容残缺 语言准确性(5分) 比较级、最高级、后缀-ness全部正确,无拼写语法错误 仅1-2处微小拼写/语法错误,不影响阅读理解 比较级重复或最高级漏冠词,3-4处语法错误 大量时态、拼写、固定搭配错误,阅读困难 篇章结构(5分) 标准三段式清晰,while/although/that is why等逻辑连接词丰富,结尾引用课本金句升华主题 分段完整,使用少量基础连接词 分段清晰,但缺少分层逻辑词 段落混乱,无分层,语句杂乱堆砌 总分:____ / 15 评语与建议: 配套学生自评栏(对标教材P18 Self-assessment) 1.我能正确使用本单元比较级和最高级。 □是 □否 2.我能正确使用后缀 -ness 构成名词。 □是 □否 3.我能引用地球与火星对比课文素材升华作文主旨。 □是 □否 课本Project拓展写作专项(P15 行星信息卡片衍生写作) 写作任务 参照课本行星信息卡片制作活动,写一篇80词左右的短文,介绍一个行星的信息。 课本模板转化写作框架: Planet: ____________________ Distance from the Sun: ____________________ Size: ____________________ Temperature: ____________________ Special features: ____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 单元写作语法巩固 题型1:短文改错(划出错误并改正) 1. Mars is more smaller than Earth. 2. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.(判断正误,若错误则改正) 3. The bright of a star depends on its size. 4. Earth is closer to the Sun than Mars, but farther from the Sun than Venus.(判断正误,若错误则改正) 5. The Sun is in the center, and all the planets go around it.(判断正误,若错误则改正) 题型2:后缀 -ness 填空 1. The __________ (dark) of the night sky is beautiful. 2. __________ (happy) is the key to a healthy life. 3. The __________ (cold) on Mars is a big challenge for humans. 4. The __________ (close) of Mercury to the Sun makes it very hot. 5. __________ (fit) is important for astronauts. 题型3:比较级与最高级填空 1. Mars is __________ (small) than Earth. 2. Jupiter is the __________ (large) planet in the solar system. 3. Mercury is the __________ (close) planet to the Sun. 4. Venus is __________ (hot) than Earth. 5. Earth is the __________ (third close) planet to the Sun. $Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于 “人与自然” 范畴,核心主题为 “宇宙探索与行星科学” ,单元核心问句:What can you see in the sky at night? 该单元旨在引导学生了解太阳系与行星知识,使学生能够运用比较级和最高级对比地球与其他行星的特征(如大小、与太阳的距离、温度、是否有水等),培养科学探究精神与宇宙视野,激发对未知世界的好奇心。 教材以“神奇的太阳系”为主题阅读素材(P8-P9),涉及太阳系八大行星的分布、地球与火星的对比(P13)、冥王星的探索等,向学生传递 “地球是宇宙中独特的家园,而宇宙充满了等待我们去发现的奥秘” 的深刻内涵。单元写作任务明确要求“介绍地球及其邻居行星”,为对比说明文写作提供了清晰的语言支架。 【跨单元融合提示】 本单元主题与前后单元存在自然关联:如“介绍火星”可与Unit 1“科学家/宇航员职业”联动;“探索宇宙”可与Unit 5“旅行与探索”联动;“比较行星”可与Unit 3“健康生活方式中对比不同习惯”的对比思维联动。教师在教学中可适当引导学生建立跨单元的话题迁移意识。 【单元写作思维导图】 词汇积累 【基础必会·天体与空间】 1 / 24 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.Sun 太阳 2.Earth 地球 3.Mars 火星 4.Mercury 水星 5.Venus 金星 6.Jupiter 木星 7.Saturn 土星 8.Uranus 天王星 9.Neptune 海王星 10.Moon 月球 11.star 恒星 12.planet 行星 13.solar system 太阳系 14.universe 宇宙 15.satellite 卫星 16.spacecraft 宇宙飞船 17.telescope 望远镜 18.space 太空 19.comet 彗星 20.galaxy 星系 【进阶加分·描述词汇】 1.bright 明亮的 2.hot 热的 3.cold 寒冷的 4.large 大的 5.small 小的 6.far 遥远的 7.close 近的 8.amazing 令人惊叹的 9.special 特殊的 10.similar 相似的 11.beautiful 美丽的 12.mysterious 神秘的 【后缀 -ness 构词法总结】 后缀 含义 例词 构词规则 -ness ……的状态/性质 brightness, darkness, coldness, closeness, smallness, weakness, happiness, fitness, carefulness, responsibility 形容词 + -ness 📌 记忆小贴士:在形容词后加后缀 -ness 构成名词,表示某种状态或性质。如:bright + -ness = brightness(明亮);dark + -ness = darkness(黑暗);cold + -ness = coldness(寒冷)。注意:以 y 结尾的形容词,变 y 为 i 再加 -ness,如:happy → happiness;以 e 结尾的形容词,去 e 加 -ness,如:happy → happiness(变 y 为 i 加 -ness)。 【微练习·后缀 -ness 填空】 任务:用所给词的适当形式填空(加 -ness)。 1. The __________ (bright) of a star depends on its size. 2. We all want to live in __________ (happy). 3. The __________ (cold) in winter makes us wear more clothes. 4. Carefulness and __________ (responsible) are important for scientists. 5. He felt a sense of __________ (weak) after the long walk. 参考答案: brightness;happiness;coldness;responsibility;weakness 短语积累 【基础必会短语】 1.go around ... 绕……运行 2.away from ... 远离…… 3.on average 平均 4.in common 共同点 5.because of ... 因为…… 6.look for 寻找 7.be interested in ... 对……感兴趣 8.in the daytime 在白天 9.at night 在夜晚 10.be known as ... 被称为…… 【进阶加分·中考高分短语】 1.neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… 2.be similar to ... 与……相似 3.at a distance of ... 在……的距离 4.be made up of 由……组成 5.have something in common 有共同之处 6.be divided into 被分为 7.wait for sb. to do 等待某人做某事 8.on the surface of ... 在……的表面 9.more than 超过;多于 10.as for ... 至于…… 11.compared with ... 与……相比 12.that is why ... 那就是为什么…… 句式积累 开头句(引出话题): 1.When you look up at the sky at night, you can see many stars. 当你夜晚仰望天空时,你可以看到许多星星。 2.Is there any life in outer space? This question makes us think of Mars. 外太空有生命吗?这个问题让我们想到了火星。 3.The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets. 太阳系由太阳和八大行星组成。 中间句(对比分析): 1....has a diameter of around ... kilometers. ……的直径约为……公里。 2....is farther from the Sun than ... , but closer than ... ……比……离太阳更远,但比……更近。 3....That is why ... is colder/hotter than ... 那就是为什么……比……更冷/更热。 4....The temperature on ... is about ... degrees Celsius. ……上的温度约为……摄氏度。 5....There is a lot of ... on ... , while on ... we have ... ……上有大量的……,而在……上有…… 6....Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common—... 虽然这两个行星有很多不同之处,但它们有共同点——…… 7....looks ... because of its ... , while ... looks ... because of its ... ……看起来……因为它的……,而……看起来……因为它的…… 结尾句(总结与展望): 1....is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe. ……在等待着我们去探索,宇宙也是如此。 2....Earth is alive with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold. 地球充满生命,因为它既不太热也不太冷。 3....The universe is full of mysteries waiting for us to discover. 宇宙充满了等待我们去发现的奥秘。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句(P13课文): Earth is closer to the Sun than Mars, but farther from the Sun than Venus. (地球比火星更靠近太阳,但比金星离太阳更远。) 仿写任务: 水星比地球更靠近太阳,但比金星离太阳更远。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案: Mercury is closer to the Sun than Earth, but farther from the Sun than Venus. 2. 教材原句(P13课文): Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe. (火星在等待着我们去探索,宇宙也是如此。) 仿写任务: 未来在等待着我们去创造,世界也是如此。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案: The future is waiting for us to create, and so is the world. 3. 教材原句(P13课文): Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common—water. (虽然这两个行星有很多不同之处,但它们有共同点——水。) 仿写任务: 虽然地球和火星在大小上有所不同,但它们有一些共同点——都存在水。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案: Although Earth and Mars are different in size, they have something in common—the existence of water. 典例 假如你是李明,你所在学校的科学俱乐部正在举办“探索太阳系”主题征文活动。请你根据以下表格中的信息,写一篇英文短文,对比地球和它的邻居——火星。 项目 地球 火星 教材对应素材 直径 约13,000公里 约6,800公里 P13 “Earth's diameter is around 13,000 km; Mars has a diameter of around 6,800 km” 与太阳距离 约1.5亿公里(第三近) 约2.28亿公里(第四近) P13 “Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth” 颜色 蓝色(海洋) 红色(红色土壤) P13 “Mars looks red because of its red soil; Earth looks blue because of its oceans” 平均温度 约14°C 约零下63°C P13 “Mars is colder than Earth” 水 地表和地下都有水 地下有冰 P13 “water both on and under the ground” 注意: (1) 短文必须包含表格中所列的信息,可作适当发挥; (2) 书写规范,词数70—90左右; (3) 开头已给出,仅供参考,不计入总词数。 Earth and Mars are neighbors in the solar system. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题 1 题材: 本文是一篇对比说明文/征文稿。 2 人称、时态: 人称以第三人称为主;时态以一般现在时为主。 3 硬性写作要点: 必须涵盖直径、与太阳距离、颜色、温度、是否有水等五个对比维度。 4 文体提示: 对比说明文需要运用比较级(-er/more)和最高级(-est/most),注意对比逻辑清晰。 课堂互动小栏目【3分钟同桌闯关·全班抢答】 活动形式: 同桌合作完成任务,随机点名核对答案,全员进行句型口头抢答。 任务1:写出本篇作文必须包含的5个对比维度 1._______________ 2. _______________3._______________ 4. _______________5._______________ 任务2:比较级小判断(正确打√,错误打×) ( ) “Mars is smaller than Earth.” 是正确的比较级用法。 ( ) “Mars is more farther from the Sun than Earth.” 是正确的比较级用法。 任务3:口头句型仿写(使用“That is why ...”造一个完整句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________【参考答案】 任务1: ①直径;②与太阳距离;③颜色;④平均温度;⑤水 任务2: √;×(farther本身就是比较级,不加more) 任务3: 示例:That is why Mars is colder than Earth. 谋篇布局 段落 写作要点 开头(Opening) 引出地球和火星,点明它们是邻居。 中间(Body) 从大小、距离、温度、颜色、水等方面对比地球和火星。 结尾(Ending) 总结两者的异同,表达探索的期望。 佳作展示 Earth and Mars are neighbors in the solar system. Let me tell you some differences between them. Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers, while Earth's diameter is about 13,000 kilometers. Mars is also farther from the Sun than Earth. That is why Mars is colder than Earth. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C, but on Earth it's about 14°C on average. Mars looks red because of its red soil, while Earth looks blue because of its oceans. Although they have many differences, they have something in common—water. There is ice under the ground on Mars, and we have water both on and under the ground on Earth. Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe! 佳作赏析 亮点词汇: ①neighbor 邻居 ②difference 不同之处 ③diameter 直径 ④while 然而(表对比) ⑤on average 平均 ⑥have something in common 有共同之处 高分句型: ①Mars is smaller than Earth.(比较级) ②That is why Mars is colder than Earth.(that is why ... 那就是为什么……) ③Although they have many differences, they have something in common—water.(although引导的让步状语从句 + 破折号补充说明) ④Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.(and so is ... 倒装结构) 写作易错警示(单元高频扣分点) 序号 易错点 正确用法 1 比较级重复: more bigger / more farther bigger / farther(比较级不加more) 2 最高级漏冠词: Jupiter is largest planet Jupiter is the largest planet(最高级前加the) 3 后缀 -ness 拼写错误: brightness / happiness 注意变y为i加ness:happy → happiness 4 介词误用: in the Sun / away of the Sun from the Sun / away from the Sun 5 对比结构混乱: 缺少while/but等对比连接词 使用 while, but, however 等明确对比关系 (一) ★(24-25八上·北京一零一中学·期中) 太阳系中有八大行星。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文,介绍一下太阳系。 提示要点: 1.太阳系由什么组成? 2.八大行星的分类(内行星和外行星); 3.你对太阳系的感受。 要求: (1) 词数70左右; (2) 内容完整,语句通顺。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets. The Sun is in the center, and all the planets go around it. The eight planets are divided into two groups: the inner planets and the outer planets. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They are smaller and closer to the Sun. The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. They are larger and farther away. The solar system is amazing. It is full of mysteries waiting for us to explore. I hope one day we can learn more about it. 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇说明文。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”为主。 ③提示: 需涵盖太阳系的组成、行星分类及感受三个要点。 【写作步骤】 第一步,介绍太阳系的组成; 第二步,介绍八大行星的分类及特点; 第三步,表达对太阳系的感受。 【亮点词汇】 ①be made up of 由……组成 ②in the center 在中心 ③be divided into 被分为 ④inner planets 内行星 ⑤outer planets 外行星 ⑥mysteries 奥秘 【高分句型】 ①The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets.(被动语态) ②It is full of mysteries waiting for us to explore.(现在分词短语作定语) (二) ★★(23-24八上·南京外国语学校·期末) 地球是目前已知唯一存在生命的行星。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文,介绍地球为什么适合生命生存。 提示要点: 1.地球与太阳的距离适中; 2.地球有适宜的空气和温度; 3.地球上有丰富的水和陆地。 要求: (1)词数70—80; (2)条理清晰,语句通顺。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Earth is our home planet and the only planet with life in the solar system. Why can life exist on Earth? First, Earth is neither too close nor too far from the Sun. It gets enough light and heat. Second, Earth is large enough to hold the right type of air around it. The temperature is just right for living things. Third, there is plenty of water and dry land on Earth. People can live and grow food here. Earth is truly special. We should take good care of our only home and protect the environment. 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇说明文。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”为主。 ③提示: 需涵盖距离、空气温度及水陆地三个要点。 【写作步骤】 第一步,引出地球是唯一有生命的行星; 第二步,分条说明地球适合生命生存的原因; 第三步,总结并呼吁保护地球。 【亮点词汇】 ①exist 存在 ②neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… ③hold 容纳 ④plenty of 大量的 ⑤take good care of 好好照顾 ⑥protect the environment 保护环境 【高分句型】 ①Earth is neither too close nor too far from the Sun.(neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……) ②People can live and grow food here.(并列谓语) (三) ★★(探索火星主题写作) 假设你是李华,你所在的学校天文社正在举办“探索火星”主题讲座。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文,介绍火星。 提示要点: 1.火星的位置和外观; 2.火星的大小和温度; 3.火星上是否有水; 4.科学家为什么对火星感兴趣。 要求: (1)词数80左右; (2)内容完整,条理清晰。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and Earth's neighbor. It looks red because of its red soil. Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of about 6,800 kilometers, while Earth's is about 13,000 kilometers. Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth, so it is colder. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C. But scientists have found ice under the ground on Mars, which means there may be water. Scientists are interested in Mars because they want to find out if there is life there. Mars is similar to Earth in some ways. Maybe one day humans can live there! 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇说明文。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”为主。 ③提示: 需涵盖位置外观、大小温度、水及科学兴趣四个要点。 【写作步骤】 第一步,介绍火星的位置和外观; 第二步,介绍火星的大小、温度和水资源; 第三步,说明科学家对火星感兴趣的原因。 【亮点词汇】 ①the fourth planet 第四颗行星 ②red soil 红色土壤 ③while 然而(表对比) ④mean 意味着 ⑤be interested in 对……感兴趣 ⑥be similar to 与……相似 【高分句型】 ①Mars is smaller than Earth.(比较级) ②Scientists have found ice under the ground on Mars, which means there may be water.(which引导的非限制性定语从句) (四) ★★(24-25八上·天津一中·期中) 假设你是李想,请你根据以下表格信息,写一篇短文,对比地球和金星。 特征 地球 金星 与太阳的距离 第三近 第二近 温度 约14°C 最高(约465°C) 大小 直径约13,000公里 比地球略小 是否有生命 有 无 要求: (1)词数80左右; (2)运用比较级和最高级,内容完整。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Earth and Venus are both planets in the solar system. Let me compare them. Venus is closer to the Sun than Earth. It is the second closest planet to the Sun, while Earth is the third closest. That is why Venus is much hotter than Earth. The temperature on Venus is about 465°C, which is the highest among all the planets. Venus is a little smaller than Earth. Earth has a diameter of about 13,000 kilometers, and Venus is slightly smaller than that. Although Venus is similar to Earth in size, it is very different in temperature. There is no life on Venus because it is too hot. Earth is our beautiful home, and we are lucky to live here. 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇对比说明文。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”为主。 ③提示: 需根据表格信息进行对比,注意运用比较级和最高级。 【写作步骤】 第一步,引出要对比的两个行星; 第二步,从距离、温度、大小等方面进行对比; 第三步,总结差异并表达感受。 【亮点词汇】 ①compare 对比 ②the second closest 第二近的 ③slightly 稍微地 ④be similar to 与……相似 ⑤be different in 在……方面不同 【高分句型】 ①Venus is closer to the Sun than Earth.(比较级) ②The temperature on Venus is about 465°C, which is the highest among all the planets.(which引导的非限制性定语从句 + 最高级) (五) ★(命题作文 The Solar System) 书面表达。 请你以“The Solar System”为题,根据以下提示,写一篇英文短文。 提示要点: 1.太阳系由什么组成; 2.你最感兴趣的是哪个行星?为什么? 3.你想探索宇宙吗?为什么? 要求: (1)词数70—90; (2)内容完整,表达真实想法。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The Solar System The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets. The Sun is a star and it is in the center. All the planets go around it. My favorite planet is Saturn. It is famous for its beautiful rings. When you look at Saturn through a telescope, it looks like a big ball with a bright circle around it. It is really amazing. I also find Mars interesting because scientists are looking for life there. I want to explore the universe because it is full of mysteries. I hope to learn more about other planets and stars one day. The universe is waiting for us! 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇说明文/感想文。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”为主。 ③提示: 需涵盖太阳系的组成、感兴趣的行星及探索愿望三个要点。 【写作步骤】 第一步,介绍太阳系的组成; 第二步,说明自己最感兴趣的行星及原因; 第三步,表达探索宇宙的愿望。 【亮点词汇】 ①be made up of 由……组成 ②be famous for 因……而闻名 ③rings 光环 ④through a telescope 通过望远镜 ⑤be full of 充满 ⑥mysteries 奥秘 【高分句型】 ①When you look at Saturn through a telescope, it looks like a big ball with a bright circle around it.(when引导的时间状语从句 + with + 宾语 + 介词短语) ②I want to explore the universe because it is full of mysteries.(because引导的原因状语从句) (六) ★★(24-25八上·成都七中·月考) 月球是地球唯一的天然卫星。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文介绍月球。 提示要点: 1.月球的大小和与地球的距离; 2.月球的表面特征; 3.月球对地球的影响(如潮汐)。 要求: (1)词数70左右; (2)内容完整,条理清晰。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It goes around Earth about once every 27 days. The Moon is much smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of about 3,474 kilometers. It is about 384,400 kilometers away from Earth. The surface of the Moon is covered with craters and rocks. There is no air or water on the Moon, so no living things can live there. The Moon is important to Earth. It causes the tides in the oceans. Many people dream of visiting the Moon one day. I hope we can learn more about it in the future. 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇说明文。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”为主。 ③提示: 需涵盖大小距离、表面特征及影响三个要点。 【写作步骤】 第一步,介绍月球的基本信息; 第二步,描述月球的表面特征; 第三步,说明月球对地球的影响。 【亮点词汇】 ①natural satellite 天然卫星 ②diameter 直径 ③be covered with 被……覆盖 ④craters 陨石坑 ⑤cause 引起 ⑥tides 潮汐 【高分句型】 ①The Moon is much smaller than Earth.(much修饰比较级,表示程度) ②There is no air or water on the Moon, so no living things can live there.(so连接的结果状语从句) (七) ★★(天文馆参观日记) 假设你是王芳,你在天文馆看了一场关于太阳系的展览。请你根据以下提示,写一篇日记,记录这次参观经历。 提示要点: 1.参观的时间和地点; 2.你看到了什么; 3.你的感受和收获。 要求: (1)词数80左右,日记格式已给出; (2)内容完整,情感真实。 Saturday, December 14th Cloudy ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Saturday, December 14th Cloudy Today I visited the planetarium with my classmates. It was an amazing experience! We watched a show about the solar system. The screen showed us the Sun, the planets and the stars. I learned that Jupiter is the largest planet and Mercury is the closest to the Sun. The most interesting part was the part about Mars. Scientists are trying to find out if there is life there. I was deeply impressed by the beauty of the universe. I feel that space is full of mysteries. I want to learn more about astronomy and explore the unknown! 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇日记。 ②时态: 描述过去的经历用“一般过去时”,表达感受用“一般现在时”。 ③提示: 需涵盖时间地点、所见内容及感受三个要点。 【写作步骤】 第一步,交代参观的时间、地点; 第二步,描述在展览中看到的内容; 第三步,表达感受和收获。 【亮点词汇】 ①planetarium 天文馆 ②the solar system 太阳系 ③screen 屏幕 ④be deeply impressed by 被深深打动 ⑤astronomy 天文学 ⑥the unknown 未知世界 【高分句型】 ①I learned that Jupiter is the largest planet and Mercury is the closest to the Sun.(宾语从句 + 最高级) ②I feel that space is full of mysteries.(宾语从句) (八) ★★(对比说明·地球与火星) 请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文,对比地球和火星。 提示要点: 1.地球和火星的大小; 2.地球和火星的颜色; 3.地球和火星的温度; 4.地球和火星是否有水。 要求: (1)词数70—80; (2)运用比较级,条理清晰。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Earth and Mars are two planets in the solar system. They are neighbors, but they are very different. Mars is smaller than Earth. Earth's diameter is about 13,000 kilometers, while Mars's is only about 6,800 kilometers. Mars looks red because of its red soil, but Earth looks blue because of its oceans. Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth, so Mars is much colder. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C, while on Earth it's about 14°C. However, they have something in common. There is water on both planets. On Mars, there is ice under the ground, and on Earth, we have water everywhere. Scientists are trying to find out more about Mars. 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇对比说明文。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”为主。 ③提示: 需涵盖大小、颜色、温度及水四个对比维度。 【写作步骤】 第一步,引出要对比的两个行星; 第二步,从大小、颜色、温度等方面进行对比; 第三步,指出共同点并总结。 【亮点词汇】 ①neighbors 邻居 ②while 然而(表对比) ③red soil 红色土壤 ④oceans 海洋 ⑤minus 零下 ⑥in common 共同点 【高分句型】 ①Mars is smaller than Earth.(比较级) ②Mars looks red because of its red soil, but Earth looks blue because of its oceans.(because of + 名词短语,but表转折) ③On Mars, there is ice under the ground, and on Earth, we have water everywhere.(倒装句式表地点) (九) ★★★(中国航天·给笔友写信) 假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Tom对太空探索很感兴趣。他写信问你对中国航天事业的了解。请你根据以下提示,给他回一封邮件。 提示要点: 1.中国航天事业取得的成就(如神舟飞船、天宫空间站等); 2.中国航天员的故事(如邓清明等); 3.你对太空探索的看法。 要求: (1)词数80左右,邮件开头格式已给出; (2)内容完整,表达自豪之情。 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear that you are interested in space exploration. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear that you are interested in space exploration. China has made great achievements in this field. China has sent many astronauts into space. The Shenzhou spaceships and Tiangong space station are examples of our progress. I was deeply moved by the story of Deng Qingming. He waited nearly 25 years to fly into space, and he never gave up his dream. His hard work finally paid off. I believe space exploration is very important. It helps us understand the universe and our place in it. I am proud of China's achievements and I hope to learn more about space in the future. Yours, Li Hua 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一封书信。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”和“现在完成时”为主,讲述故事可用“一般过去时”。 ③提示: 需涵盖中国航天成就、航天员故事及个人看法三个要点。 【写作步骤】 第一步,表达对朋友兴趣的高兴并引出话题; 第二步,介绍中国航天的成就和航天员故事; 第三步,表达对太空探索的看法和自豪之情。 【亮点词汇】 ①space exploration 太空探索 ②make great achievements 取得巨大成就 ③progress 进步 ④be moved by 被……感动 ⑤pay off 成功;奏效 ⑥be proud of 为……感到骄傲 【高分句型】 ①I'm glad to hear that you are interested in space exploration.(that引导的宾语从句) ②I believe space exploration is very important.(宾语从句) (十) ★★★(对比说明·地球与它的邻居) 请你以“Earth and Its Neighbors”为题,根据以下提示,写一篇英文短文。 提示要点: 1.地球的两个邻居——金星和火星; 2.金星和火星分别有什么特点; 3.为什么地球是唯一有生命的行星。 要求: (1) 词数80—90; (2) 内容完整,对比清晰。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Earth and Its Neighbors Earth has two close neighbors in the solar system—Venus and Mars. They are both near Earth, but they are very different from each other. Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun. It is the hottest planet, with a temperature of about 465°C. It is similar to Earth in size but much hotter. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is smaller and colder than Earth. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C. Mars looks red, while Venus looks bright in the night sky. Earth is the only planet with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold. It has the right temperature, air and water. We should be grateful to live on such a wonderful planet and do our best to protect it. 【总体分析】 ①题材: 本文是一篇对比说明文。 ②时态: 以“一般现在时”为主。 ③提示: 需涵盖金星和火星的特点及地球独一无二的原因三个要点。 【写作步骤】 第一步,引出地球的两个邻居行星; 第二步,分别介绍金星和火星的特点; 第三步,解释地球为什么是唯一有生命的行星。 【亮点词汇】 ①close neighbors 近邻 ②be different from 与……不同 ③be similar to 与……相似 ④bright 明亮的 ⑤be grateful to 对……感激 ⑥do one's best 尽最大努力 【高分句型】 ①Earth is the only planet with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold.(because引导的原因状语从句 + neither ... nor ...) ②We should be grateful to live on such a wonderful planet and do our best to protect it.(不定式作状语 + 并列谓语) 综合拓展写作任务(选做·单元拔高大题) 假设你是李华,学校正在举办“探索宇宙”英文征文比赛。请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文参赛。 提示要点: 1.介绍地球和另一个行星(如火星或金星)的对比; 2.说明它们的相似之处和不同之处; 3.谈谈你对探索宇宙的看法和期望。 要求: (1)词数100左右; (2)内容完整,条理清晰,有真情实感; (3)尽可能使用本单元所学的词汇、短语和句型。 写作框架提示: 第一段:引出要对比的两个行星(地球和火星/金星); 第二段:从大小、距离、温度、颜色、水等多维度进行对比; 第三段:总结异同,表达对探索宇宙的看法和期望。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Earth and Mars are neighbors in the solar system, but they are very different in many ways. Mars is much smaller than Earth. Its diameter is about 6,800 kilometers, while Earth’s is about 13,000 kilometers. Mars is farther from the Sun, so it is much colder—about minus 63°C on average, compared with Earth’s 14°C. Mars looks red because of its red soil, while Earth looks blue because of its oceans. However, they have something in common: there is water on both planets. On Mars, water exists as ice under the ground. I believe exploring Mars and other planets is important. It helps us understand our own planet better and inspires us to reach further into the universe. I hope one day humans can set foot on Mars! 【总体分析】 ① 题材: 本文是一篇对比说明文+感想文。 ② 时态: 以一般现在时为主。 ③ 提示: 必须完整覆盖三个要点:对比两个行星、相似与不同之处、对探索宇宙的看法。 【写作步骤】 第一步: 引出要对比的两个行星(地球和火星)。 第二步: 从大小、距离、温度、颜色、水等多维度进行对比,运用比较级和while/but等连接词。 第三步: 总结异同,表达对探索宇宙的看法和期望。 【亮点词汇】 ① neighbor 邻居 ② diameter 直径 ③ while 然而(表对比) ④ on average 平均 ⑤ compared with 与……相比 ⑥ exist 存在 ⑦ inspire 激励 ⑧ set foot on 踏上 【高分句型】 ① Mars is much smaller than Earth.(much修饰比较级表程度) ② Mars is farther from the Sun, so it is much colder.(so连接结果状语从句) ③ It helps us understand our own planet better and inspires us to reach further into the universe.(并列谓语,help sb. do sth.) 单元写作评价量规(融合教材Self-assessment + 中考评分标准) 本量规参照中考英语书面表达评分标准设计,从内容完整性、语言准确性、篇章结构三个维度进行评价,每项满分5分,总计15分。可用于学生自评、同伴互评及教师批改。 评价维度 5分(优秀) 4分(良好) 3分(合格) 1-2分(需改进) 内容完整性(5分) 完整覆盖全部对比维度,主动加入教材中地球与火星对比的拓展细节,内容饱满丰富 所有基础对比要点齐全,少量简单拓展 遗漏1个核心对比维度,内容单薄无拓展 遗漏2个及以上核心对比要点,内容残缺 语言准确性(5分) 比较级、最高级、后缀-ness全部正确,无拼写语法错误 仅1-2处微小拼写/语法错误,不影响阅读理解 比较级重复或最高级漏冠词,3-4处语法错误 大量时态、拼写、固定搭配错误,阅读困难 篇章结构(5分) 标准三段式清晰,while/although/that is why等逻辑连接词丰富,结尾引用课本金句升华主题 分段完整,使用少量基础连接词 分段清晰,但缺少分层逻辑词 段落混乱,无分层,语句杂乱堆砌 总分:____ / 15 评语与建议: 配套学生自评栏(对标教材P18 Self-assessment) 1.我能正确使用本单元比较级和最高级。 □是 □否 2.我能正确使用后缀 -ness 构成名词。 □是 □否 3.我能引用地球与火星对比课文素材升华作文主旨。 □是 □否 课本Project拓展写作专项(P15 行星信息卡片衍生写作) 写作任务 参照课本行星信息卡片制作活动,写一篇80词左右的短文,介绍一个行星的信息。 课本模板转化写作框架: Planet: ____________________ Distance from the Sun: ____________________ Size: ____________________ Temperature: ____________________ Special features: ____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 标准范文(Mercury 水星) Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It is about 58 million kilometers away from the Sun. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system. It has a diameter of about 4,880 kilometers. It is only a little larger than the Moon. The temperature on Mercury is very hot in the daytime and very cold at night because it has no thick atmosphere. Mercury is a mysterious planet. Scientists are still learning more about it. I hope one day we can explore it further. 替换练习方向: 可替换行星包括Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn等,按照相同结构完成短文。 替换练习补充范文(Project拓展写作专项) 替换范文1:Venus(金星) Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is about 108 million kilometers away from the Sun. Venus is similar to Earth in size, but it is much hotter. Its temperature is about 465°C, which is the highest among all the planets. Venus looks bright in the night sky and is often called the “morning star” or “evening star.” Venus is a mysterious planet. Scientists are still studying its thick atmosphere. I hope we can learn more about it in the future. 替换范文2:Mars(火星) Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is about 228 million kilometers away from the Sun. Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of about 6,800 kilometers. The temperature on Mars is very cold, about minus 63°C. Mars looks red because of its red soil. Scientists have found ice under the ground, which means there may be water. Mars is an exciting planet. Many scientists are looking for signs of life there. I hope humans can visit Mars one day! 替换范文3:Jupiter(木星) Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. It is about 778 million kilometers away from the Sun. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Its diameter is about 143,000 kilometers—more than 11 times that of Earth. Jupiter is famous for its Great Red Spot, a huge storm that has lasted for hundreds of years. It also has many moons. Jupiter is a fascinating planet. Its size and mysteries amaze scientists. I hope we can explore it further in the future. 替换范文4:Saturn(土星) Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It is about 1.4 billion kilometers away from the Sun. Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system. It is famous for its beautiful rings, which are made of ice and rock. Saturn is much less dense than Earth. In fact, it could float in water! Saturn is one of the most beautiful planets. Its rings make it truly special. I hope to see it through a telescope one day! 单元写作语法巩固 题型1:短文改错(划出错误并改正) 1. Mars is more smaller than Earth. 2. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.(判断正误,若错误则改正) 3. The bright of a star depends on its size. 4. Earth is closer to the Sun than Mars, but farther from the Sun than Venus.(判断正误,若错误则改正) 5. The Sun is in the center, and all the planets go around it.(判断正误,若错误则改正) 改错答案: 1.more smaller → smaller(比较级不加more) 2.正确(最高级前有the) 3.bright → brightness(名词形式) 4.正确(比较级用法正确) 5.正确(语句正确) 题型2:后缀 -ness 填空 1. The __________ (dark) of the night sky is beautiful. 2. __________ (happy) is the key to a healthy life. 3. The __________ (cold) on Mars is a big challenge for humans. 4. The __________ (close) of Mercury to the Sun makes it very hot. 5. __________ (fit) is important for astronauts. 答案: darkness;Happiness;coldness;closeness;Fitness 题型3:比较级与最高级填空 1. Mars is __________ (small) than Earth. 2. Jupiter is the __________ (large) planet in the solar system. 3. Mercury is the __________ (close) planet to the Sun. 4. Venus is __________ (hot) than Earth. 5. Earth is the __________ (third close) planet to the Sun. 答案: smaller;largest;closest;hotter;third closest $

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Unit 6 Earth and Beyond (单元同步写作讲义)英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册
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Unit 6 Earth and Beyond (单元同步写作讲义)英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册
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Unit 6 Earth and Beyond (单元同步写作讲义)英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册
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