精品解析：上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题

上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评 英语 II. Grammar and Vocabulary (每题1分，共20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When the Going Gets Rough Does change frighten you? There are many ways ___1___ (handle) the little surprises life throws at us. Stuff happens. There’s nothing we can do to change that. But the problem is that our bodies and brains are programmed to be suspicious of change — to be anxious about it. After all, change means uncertainty and, in our evolutionary past, that meant a greater risk of meeting up with a hungry lion or ___2___ (annoy) elephant. Therefore, when you are uncertain, the brain releases stress hormones, the fight-or-flight chemicals ___3___, when we lived on the savannah, helped our ancestors avoid these hungry lions or face them down. The problem is that the uncertainties we ___4___ (face) with today aren’t generally as life-or-death, and don’t usually resolve to a quick getaway. So we have to deal with those excess stress hormones in a different way, which is where mindfulness can really help. Here are some top tips for dealing with change so the next time something new and challenging arises, you’ll know exactly what to do. Control What You Can Even in the most difficult of situations, there are some things that you can control. Make a list of these things, ___5___ small they seem, and then start doing them. You will find that ticking them off the list will make the ___6___ (controllable) problems appear much more manageable. Opportunity, Not Disaster Suppose you don’t get the grades you need for university, or you don’t get your dream job. One natural response is to think of it as a disaster and that your life is over. This will achieve nothing and make you miserable. ___7___ is to think of it as an opportunity to do something else entirely: go travelling, apply for an apprenticeship, etc. Studies have shown that people who train themselves to see change as an opportunity ___8___ a challenge cope with it far better. Time It Uncertainty, rather than change itself, is the biggest cause of stress. One way of coping with it is to work out ___9___ the uncertainty will last for. ____10____ (know) when things will change for the better gives your mind an end point that allows it to cope with the uncertain present. 【答案】1. to handle 2. annoyed 3. which##that 4. are faced 5. however 6. less controllable 7. Another 8. instead of##rather than 9. how long 10. Knowing 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了大脑应对变化的机制以及现在社会中的不确定性给应对方式带来改变，并给出面对变化带来的挑战时的一些应对方法。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：生活抛给我们的意外有许多应对方法。a way/ways to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事的方法”，这里用不定式作后置定语修饰ways，所以用handle的动词不定式to handle。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。句意：毕竟，变化意味着不确定性，在人类进化过程中，那意味着更高的风险，可能会遇到一头饥饿的狮子或是一头被惹怒的大象。此处修饰名词elephant，需要用形容词，annoy是动词，其过去分词转化而来的形容词annoyed表示“被惹怒的，发怒的”，符合语义。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：因此，当你感到不确定时，大脑会释放压力荷尔蒙，也就是战或逃反应的化学物质，在我们祖先居住在草原的时期，这些化学物质帮助我们的祖先避开或对抗这些饥饿的狮子。空处引导定语从句，先行词the fight-or-flight chemicals是物，定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：问题在于，我们如今面对的不确定性通常都不是生死攸关的问题，通常也没法靠快速逃离解决。be faced with是固定搭配，表示“面对”，此处描述现在的客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是we，所以be动词用are。 【5题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：把这些事情列一个清单，无论它们看起来多小，然后着手去做。此处引导让步状语从句，修饰形容词small，表示“无论多么”，所以用however。 【6题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：你会发现，把清单上的事情划掉会让那些更难控制的问题看起来也变得好处理多了。根据“much more manageable”可知，空处应用比较级。前文“Even in the most difficult of situations, there are some things that you can control. Make a list of these things, _____ small they seem, and then start doing them.”提到列出可以控制的问题，完成之后，相对来说，剩下的不可控问题的难度也会下降，暗含比较含义，需要用controllable的比较级的否定形式less controllable，表示“更难控制的，没那么可控的”。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：另一种是把它看作一个机会，去做一些完全不同的事情：去旅行，申请学徒，等等。此处与上文One natural response对应，指代另一种反应，用another，空格位于句首，首字母大写。 【8题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：研究表明，那些训练自己把变化看作机遇而非挑战的人，能更好地应对变化。本段小标题“Opportunity, Not Disaster”提出的思路就是把坏事看作机会，这里表示“代替，而不是”，所以填介词短语instead of/rather than。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：应对它的一个方法是弄清楚这种不确定性会持续多久。work out后接宾语从句，从句中缺少for的宾语，表示“多长时间，多久”，对时间段提问，所以用how long。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：知道事情何时会好转给你的大脑一个终点，让它能够应对不确定的当下。此处动名词作句子主语，所以用know的动名词形式knowing，首字母大写。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accounts B. credibility C. declaring D. filtered E. pays F. particularly G. enduring H. principle I. ignoring J. reputation K. revolutionized The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. Viya, known as the live-streaming queen, has already been fined $210m for not ____11____ her income. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the large scale of the industry, which ____12____ for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) ____13____ role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements (宣传，代言) used to be about taking advantage of existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike____14____ both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and ____15____ photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the ____16____. Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. However, only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, ____17____ younger shoppers. And influencers are technologically proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly adapt to and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their ____18____. Despite the risk, ____19____ influencers is a mistake. Their share of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The borderline between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s-ads targeted through Google and Facebook-is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to spy on potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding_____20_____ should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. G 14. K 15. D 16. B 17. F 18. J 19. I 20. H 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成为一个网红是一件严肃的事情。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：被称为“直播女王”的Viya已经因未申报收入而被罚款2.1亿美元。由句意和后文提示“her income”可知，此处C选项declaring符合题意，表示“申报”收入，作介词的宾语。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：这项税收的规模显示出该行业的规模之大，占中国在线销售额的12%。分析句子成分，该空作从句的谓语动词，由后文提示“for 12%”可知A符合题意。account for表示“（数量或比例上）占”，主语the large scale of the industry是单数，谓语也要用单数，即accounts。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在中国以外，网红也可能在电子商务领域发挥持久的作用。该空位于名词role前，所以填形容词作定语。结合句意，G选项enduring符合题意，表示“持久的”。故选G。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，迈克尔·乔丹(Michael Jordan)在1984年与耐克(Nike)签订的协议彻底改变了篮球和品牌。分析句子结构，该空是句子的谓语动词。由句意可知，此处表示该协议“彻底改变”了篮球和品牌，所以K符合题意。该协议是在1984年发生的，所以是一般过去时，即revolutionized。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通过剪辑了的视频和修图后的照片，他们向消费者提供推荐，并对他们的日常生活进行一瞥，以增加可信度。连词and表示前后结构一致，由and前的“clipped videos”可知，此处filtered符合题意。表示“修图后”的照片，作定语。故选D。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过剪辑了的视频和修图后的照片，他们向消费者提供推荐，并对他们的日常生活进行一瞥，以增加可信度。空前是定冠词the，所以该空填名词。由句意可知，此处表示增加“可信度”，所以B选项credibility符合题意。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意： 网红的网络可以吸引新的受众，尤其是年轻的购物者。由句意可知空后的“young shoppers”是对空前的“new audiences”的举例说明，所以F选项particularly符合题意，表示“特别，尤其”作状语。故选F。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们担心他们的名誉。根据空前提示词“their”可知，该空填名词。结合句意，他们担心的是他们的“名誉”，所以J选项reputation符合题意，作宾语。故选J。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管存在风险，但忽视网红是一个错误。Despite表示前后句意呈转折关系，尽管有风险，但是不能去“忽略”网红这一群体，所以I选项ignoring符合题意，ignoring influencers在句中作主语。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：指导原则应该是只使用那些向受众披露帖子有报酬的网红。分析句子结构，该空填名词，在句中作主语，由提示词“guiding”可知，H选项principle符合题意，表示指导“原则”，故选H。 III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (每题1分，共15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. More than half the world’s population live in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that proportion to reach 68%. This means more homes, roads and other infrastructure. Such a construction ____21____ does harm to tackling climate change, though, because making steel and concrete generates around 8% of the world’s carbon-dioxide emissions. If cities are to ____22____ and become greener at the same time, they will have to be made from something else. As it happens, Chicago might become part of the ____23____. In recent years, as architects have become increasingly interested in modern timber (木材) — construction methods, wooden buildings have been getting steadily ____24____. The current record is held by the 85-metre-tall Mjostarnet building in Norway, completed in 2019. But this would be ____25____ by the River Beech Tower, a 228-metre building proposed for a site beside the Chicago river. As the AAAs meeting heard this week, wood is one of the most ____26____ sustainable alternatives to steel and concrete. It is not, however, everyday wood but a material called engineered timber, composed of different layers for specific purposes. Besides engineering the shape of a component, designers can arrange the grains (纹理) in the layers to provide levels of ____27____ that equal steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter. Engineered timber is, ____28____, usually assembled into large sections of a building in a factory. That cuts down on the number of ____29____ that have to be made to a construction site. All this ____30____ to carbon-dioxide emissions. Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge told the meeting of a 300-square-metre four-storey wooden building that generated 126 tonnes of CO2. Had it been made with ____31____, emissions would have risen to 310 tonnes. If steel had been used, they would have topped 498 tonnes. Indeed, from one point of view, this building might actually be viewed as “carbon ____32____”. When trees grow, they lock carbon up in their wood — in this case the equivalent of 540 tonnes of CO2, representing a long-term reduction of CO2 from the atmosphere. If building with wood takes off, it does raise concern about there being enough trees to ____33____. But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage. A family-sized apartment requires about 30 cubic metres of timber, and he estimates Europe’s sustainable ____34____ alone grow that amount every seven seconds. Nor is fire a risk, for engineered timber does not burn easily, because the inner cores of large ____35____ timbers are protected by a charring (炭化) layer if burnt. 21. A. project B. ambition C. boom D. security 22. A. expand B. reform C. contract D. survive 23. A. rebel B. outcome C. answer D. issue 24. A. greener B. friendlier C. lighter D. taller 25. A. overbalanced B. overshadowed C. overlooked D. overstated 26. A. domestic B. promising C. debatable D. artificial 27. A. beauty B. strength C. friction D. dimension 28. A. nevertheless B. instead C. moreover D. meanwhile 29. A. deliveries B. checkouts C. purchases D. payments 30. A. adds value B. gives credit C. gives a boost D. makes a difference 31. A. cement B. timber C. concrete D. synthetics 32. A. positive B. negative C. friendly D. resistant 33. A. go round B. go away C. go over D. go down 34. A. advocates B. strategies C. forests D. farmers 35. A. imposing B. visible C. universal D. structural 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种能够替代钢铁和混凝土的新型工程木材以及它所具有的更加环保、节约及可持续性等优势。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这样的建筑热潮不利于应对气候变化，因为制造钢铁和混凝土产生的二氧化碳约占世界二氧化碳排放量的8%。A. project项目；B. ambition野心；C. boom激增；D. security安全。根据前文“This means more homes, roads and other infrastructure.”可知，城市人口的增长导致建筑的激增。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果城市要在扩张的同时变得更环保，就必须用别的东西来建造。A. expand扩张；B. reform改革；C. contract订立……的合同；D. survive幸存。根据前文“This means more homes, roads and other infrastructure.”可知，城市需要更多的房屋、道路和其他基础设施，也就是扩张。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：碰巧的是，芝加哥可能会成为答案的一部分。A. rebel叛逆者；B. outcome结果；C. answer答案；D. issue问题。根据前文“they will have to be made from something else.”以及后文“But this would be 　　　　5　　　　 by the River Beech Tower, a 228-metre building proposed for a site beside the Chicago river.”可知，芝加哥打算造木结构建筑，所以是答案的一部分。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，随着建筑师们对现代木结构建筑方法越来越感兴趣，木结构建筑也越来越高。A. greener更绿色的；B. friendlier更友爱的；C. lighter更明亮的；D. taller更高的。根据后文“The current record is held by the 85-metre-tall Mjostarnet building in Norway, completed in 2019.”可知，此处是在讲述木结构建筑的高度。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这将被河滨山毛榉大厦(River Beech Tower)所掩盖，这是一座228米高的建筑，拟建在芝加哥河旁。A. overbalanced失去平衡；B. overshadowed掩盖；C. overlooked忽略；D. overstated夸大。根据后文“a 228- metre building proposed for a site beside the Chicago river.”可知，一栋更高的木结构建筑将被建造，所以是被掩盖。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如本周AAAs会议上听到的那样，木材是钢铁和混凝土最有前途的可持续替代品之一。A. domestic本国的；B. promising有前途的；C. debatable可争辩的；D. artificial人工的。根据前文“As it happens, Chicago might become part of the 　　　　3　　　　.”可知，芝加哥可能会成为答案的一部分是因为，它将建造最高的木结构建筑，所以木材是钢铁和混凝土最有前途的可持续替代品之一。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了设计零件的形状外，设计师还可以将颗粒分层排列，使产品的强度达到与钢铁相当的水平，从而使产品的重量减轻80%。A. beauty美丽；B. strength强度；C. friction摩擦；D. dimension尺寸。根据后文“equal steel”结合选项，应是强度达到与钢铁相当的水平符合实际。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，工程木材通常在工厂组装成大型的部分建筑。A. nevertheless然而；B. instead相反；C. moreover此外；D. meanwhile同时。根据本处“Engineered timber is usually assembled into large sections of a building in a factory.”可知，是对前句的补充说明，用moreover连接。故穿C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就减少了必须运送到建筑工地的货物数量。A. deliveries递送；B. checkouts付款台；C. purchases购买；D. payments支付。根据后文“have to be made to a construction site”可知，此处指必须运送到建筑工地的货物数量。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有这些都对二氧化碳的排放产生了影响。A. adds value附加值；B. gives credit赊帐；C. gives a boost给予鼓励；D. makes a difference产生影响。根据后文“Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge told the meeting of a 300-square-metre four-storey wooden building that generated 126 tonnes of CO2. Had it been made with 　　　　11　　　　, emissions would have risen to 310 tonnes.”可知，比起混凝土，用木建筑二氧化碳排放量少，所以是对二氧化碳的排放产生了影响。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果它是用混凝土建造的，排放量将上升到310吨。A. cement水泥；B. timber木材；C. concrete混凝土；D. synthetics合成物。根据前文“As the AAAs meeting heard this week, wood is one of the most 　　　6　　　　　 sustainable alternatives to steel and concrete.”可知，本文是拿木材与钢铁和混凝土作比较，根据后文“If steel had been used, they would have topped 498 tonnes.”提到了钢铁，所以此处应是混凝土。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，从某种角度来看，这座建筑实际上可能被视为“负碳”。A. positive正数的；B. negative负数的；C. friendly亲切的；D. resistant抵抗的。根据后文“When trees grow, they lock carbon up in their wood — in this case the equivalent of 540 tonnes of CO2, representing a long-term reduction of CO2 from the atmosphere.”可知，木结构建筑，它们将碳锁在木材中，使大气中二氧化碳的长期减少，从这种角度来看可能被视为“负碳”。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果木材建筑开始流行，确实会引起人们对是否有足够的树木可供使用的担忧。A. go round足够分配；B. go away离开；C. go over仔细检查；D. go down下降。根据后文“But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage.”可知，有了可持续管理的森林，这不是问题，所以是担心是否有足够的树木可供使用。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个家庭大小的公寓需要大约30立方米的木材，他估计仅欧洲的可持续森林每7秒钟就会增长这么多。A. advocates拥护者；B. strategies策略；C. forests森林；D. farmers农场主。根据前文“But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage.”可知，是可持续森林。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：火灾也不是危险，因为工程木材不容易燃烧，因为大型结构木材的内核在燃烧时受到炭化层的保护。A. imposing壮观的；B. visible看得见的；C. universal普遍的；D. structural结构的。根据上文一直再讲的工程木材和后文“are protected by a charring (炭化) layer if burnt.”可知，内核受到炭化层保护的应该是现代大型结构木材。故选D项。 Section B (每题2分，共22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When was the last time you did something that gave you a genuine sense of achievement? For me it was last week, when I hung a picture on the wall. I know, it sounds a little crazy. But it was an easy project that I’d put off for too long. As accomplishments go, this wasn’t up there with achieving world peace, curing the incurable or running a marathon. Yet that feeling of genuine accomplishment is something that I fear we’re beginning to lose today. Now more than ever, we live in a world of instant gratitude, aided by ever-present digital devices that only feed the desire. News headlines, sports scores and the latest gossip are all a finger-swipe away on our smartphones. In this digital parallel universe, our sense of achievement has become defined by the number of positive reactions we get from posting a cool picture or making a brief comment. Just to be clear, I don’t have a problem with digital devices, apps or social media; I use them every day. Together they’ve helped us connect with others, solve problems and get things done in ways almost no one could have ever imagined. But the problem is: they aren’t very personally fulfilling. So how do we arrive at that genuine sense of achievement, whether it’s at work or our personal life? Daniel Pink, a noted author on work, management and behavioral science, has an interesting theory. When it comes to anything but the most basic tasks, we aren’t very motivated by the “traditional” motivators of fear, money or rewards. Instead, the factors include autonomy, mastery, and purpose. Autonomy represents our desire to be self-directed –to do what we want to do, when and how we want to do it; mastery refers to an essential urge to better our skills and derive satisfaction from doing so; and purpose is our desire to do something that is important and has true meaning, either to ourselves or to others. By tapping into these internal motivators, even unconsciously, we can accomplish great things, like exploring new hobbies or dreams; becoming passionate about our work; and deriving satisfaction from what we do and wanting to do more. We don’t need to achieve world peace or run a marathon to feel a sense of personal achievement. Anything will do—even hanging a few pictures on the wall. But it needs to start by putting our devices aside, at least for a little while. 36. According to the passage, the reason why we are beginning to lose the sense of accomplishment is that _________. A. it’s easy for the masses to make a quick and positive comment B. most people fear they can hardly make any accomplishment C. people tend to express their instant and artificial gratitude through the Internet D. the digital age has influenced our definition of the sense of achievement 37. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The author is used to putting off a project for too long. B. Though not personally satisfactory, digital devices are somewhat helpful. C. The author objected to addressing issues with digital devices, apps or social media. D. Achieving world peace or curing the incurable goes beyond what we call achievement. 38. The “internal motivators” in paragraph 6 refer to _________. A. fear, money and rewards B. hobbies, dreams and passion C. autonomy, mastery and purpose D. work, management and behavioral science 39. What’s the author’s opinion on the sense of personal achievement? A. With digital devices, it is easy to obtain the sense of personal achievement B. Without social media, it is impossible to obtain the sense of personal achievement. C. With Internet, personal achievement can only be obtained through great success. D. Without digital devices, the sense of personal achievement can be obtained in daily tasks. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在这个数字时代，我们开始失去那种真正的成就感。所以作者认为我们应该把电子设备放到一边，通过做一些真正有意义的事情来获得成就感。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“In this digital parallel universe, our sense of achievement has become defined by the number of positive reactions we get from posting a cool picture or making a brief comment.（在这个数字并行的世界中，我们的成就感已经由我们发布一张酷炫的图片或发表简短评论所获得的积极反应的数量来定义）”可知，数字时代影响了我们对成就感的定义。故选D项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容“Just to be clear, I don’t have a problem with digital devices, apps or social media; I use them every day. Together they’ve helped us connect with others, solve problems and get things done in ways almost no one could have ever imagined. But the problem is: they aren’t very personally fulfilling.（需要澄清的是，我对数字设备、应用程序或社交媒体没有问题; 我每天都在使用它们。他们一起帮助我们与他人建立联系，解决问题，以几乎没有人能想象到的方式完成工作。但问题是:他们对个人来说并不是很有成就感）”可以推论出，电子设备虽然给人的成就感不强，但是有一定的帮助。故选B项。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据句意可知，划线短语internal motivators所在的句子是一个承上启下的句子，所以句中的these internal motivators肯定指的是上一段句子“Instead, the factors include autonomy, mastery, and purpose.（相反，这些因素包括自主性、精通性和目的性）”中的autonomy, mastery, and purpose。故选C项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段“We don’t need to achieve world peace or run a marathon to feel a sense of personal achievement. Anything will do—even hanging a few pictures on the wall. But it needs to start by putting our devices aside, at least for a little while.（我们不需要通过实现世界和平或跑马拉松来获得个人成就感。什么都可以——甚至在墙上挂几张照片。但首先，我们需要把我们的设备放在一边，至少是一段时间）”可以推论出，作者认为没有数字设备，个人成就感可以在日常任务中获得。故选D项。 (B) Unlock the Power of Computer Programming Learning a new language opens a wealth of opportunities. But there’s one language family that provides benefits like no other: the languages of computer programming. Programming is a fun, creative and learnable skill that gives you unrivaled problem-solving power you can apply in the digital realm and the physical world. These 24 engaging and information-rich half-hour lessons use one of the world’s most popular computer languages, Python, as a gateway to the universe of programming. Taught by Professor John Keyser of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University, one of the top-ranked computer science programs in the country, this course assumes no prior background in computer science, and is so clear, carefully paced, and comprehensive that it will appeal to both beginners and experienced programmers. Offer expires 12/25/2023 THEGREATCOURSES.COM/9TME 1-800-832-2412 How to Program: Computer Science Concepts and Python Exercises Course no.915 24 lectures (30 minutes/lecture) SAVE $190 DVD $269.95 NOW $79.95 +$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee Priority Code: 130968 For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world’s foremost educators to millions who want to go deeper into the subjects that matter most. No exam. No homework. Just a world of knowledge available anytime, anywhere. Download or stream to your laptop or PC, or use our free mobile apps for iPad, iPhone, or Android. Over 550 courses available at www.The Great Courses.com. 40. How much should you pay if you want to buy a DVD of How to Program home on 12/30/2023? A. $190. B. $279.95. C. $79.95. D. $89.95. 41. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A. The lectures given in this DVD last 12 hours in total. B. There are exams and homework at the end of each lecture. C. You are open to the fun of computer programming through the lectures. D. You will have no difficulty following the lectures if you are new to programming. 42. Where can you most probably find this information? A. A leaflet of a science museum. B. A textbook on computer science. C. An autobiography of a tech giant. D. A magazine about science and technology. 【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇编程课程的推广广告，介绍了一款Python编程课程的内容、讲师、优惠价格和购买方式。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格前文“Offer expires 12/25/2023(优惠活动于2023年12月25日截止)”和表格中的“DVD $269.95 NOW $79.95(DVD原价269.95美元，优惠价79.95美元)”、“+$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee(另需支付 10 美元的运费和处理费，并享受终身满意度保证)”可知，12月30日已经过了优惠期，需要按照原价支付DVD费用加上10美元相关费用，总费用为269.95+10=279.95美元。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中“No exam. No homework.(没有考试，没有作业)”可知，该课程并不设置考试和作业。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文以及“Unlock the Power of Computer Programming(解锁计算机编程的力量)”可知，本文是关于Python编程学习课程的推广广告，内容和科技教育相关，最有可能出现在科技类杂志中。 (C) Moby-Dick was, for me, one of those books classified of “things you should have read a long time ago”. And as I am a mathematician, despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that Moby-Dick contains a reference to cycloids. Cycloids are among the most beautiful mathematical curves in existence — the French mathematician Blaise Pascal found them so distractingly fascinating that he claimed merely thinking about them could relieve the pain of a bad toothache — but applications to whaling are not usually listed on their resume. Curious, I finally read Moby-Dick, and was delighted to find that it is full of mathematical metaphors. I realized further it’s not just Herman Melville; Leo Tolstoy writes about calculus (微积分), James Joyce about geometry. Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, “Sorry to lose you to the lab.” The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is, I think, something of a tragedy — not only because the two fields are fundamentally linked, but also because understanding these links can enhance your enjoyment of both. The perceived boundary between math and literature is actually a very recent idea. For most of recorded history, mathematics was part of every educated person’s cultural awareness. The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both The Canterbury Tales and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. There is a deeper reason we find mathematics at the heart of literature. The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it. That’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. 43. What inspired the author to read Moby-Dick? A. The topic of the book. B. His friend’s recommendation. C. His long-time interest in literature. D. There being some maths in the book. 44. The author’s English teacher’s words are mentioned in paragraph 4 in order to ________. A. form a sharp contrast with the attainment he later made B. imply that mathematics and literature haven’t received proper attention C. protest against the unfair treatment he once received while young D. show that maths and literature are regarded as distinctive subjects 45. What do Omar Khayyam, Chaucer and Lewis Carroll have in common? A. All of them were famous novelists. B. All of them were in favour of reading widely. C. All of them were masters in both maths and literature. D. All of them were aware of the boundary between maths and literature. 46. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? A. Taking on maths and giving up literature was not a wise choice for him. B. Both maths and literature are part of the pursuit to understand the universe. C. There is enough research on the connections between maths and literature. D. Mathematicians may find it hard to understand ideas embedded in literature. 【答案】43. D 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己阅读文学名著《白鲸》的经历，探讨了数学与文学之间的深层联系，强调它们在理解宇宙方面的共同作用，并指出历史上许多人物都是数学和文学的双重大师。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And as I am a mathematician, despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that Moby-Dick contains a reference to cycloids. (由于我是一名数学家，尽管我对文学很感兴趣，但我的智力优先考虑的不是一本关于鲸鱼的400页的小说。有一天，我无意中听到一位数学家朋友提到《白鲸》中提到了旋轮线，这一切都改变了)”可知，因为《白鲸》提到了数学中的旋轮线，所以作者最终决定阅读这本书。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, “Sorry to lose you to the lab.” (遗憾的是，数学和文学之间的联系并没有得到应有的重视。事实上，它们经常被认为是相互对立的。我记得1991年我在学校上的最后一堂英语课结束时，老师给了我一张可爱的手写便条，上面有一长串她认为我可能会喜欢的书，她说：“很遗憾你选择了实验室。”)”可知，此处先提到数学和文学通常被认为是相互对立的，然后提到英语老师推荐书单，并表达对作者选择数学而非文学的遗憾。由此可知，英语老师的话反映了数学和文学被视为不同的学科的观念。故选D项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both The Canterbury Tales and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. (11世纪的波斯学者奥马尔·海亚姆也是一位数学家，他为数学问题创造了美丽的几何解，诗集《鲁拜集》的作者就是他。在14世纪，乔叟写了《坎特伯雷故事集》和一篇关于星盘的论文。这样的例子数不胜数，尤其是刘易斯·卡罗尔，他首先是一位数学家，其次才是一位作家)”可知，这些人都是数学和文学的双重大师。故选C项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it. That’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. (宇宙充满了潜在的结构、模式和规律，数学是我们理解它的最佳工具。这就是为什么数学通常被称为宇宙的语言，也是为什么它对科学如此重要。既然我们人类是宇宙的一部分，我们的创造性表达形式，包括文学，自然也会显示出一种模式和结构的倾向)”可知，数学是理解宇宙的最佳工具，而文学作为人类的创造性表达形式，也显示出对模式和结构的倾向。因此，作者认为数学和文学在根本上是有联系的，很可能同意数学和文学都是理解宇宙的一部分。故选B项。 Section C (每题2分，共8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Mud Boosts Your Immune System Children love getting dirty. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing. ___47___. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family refrain, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles (蝌蚪), it was inevitable that children's whites would turn brown before the day was over. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. ___48___ For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in children's wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is packed with friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build resilience (恢复力) to a range of illnesses, including allergies and even depression. ___49___ Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable. Besides the restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of molding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact. When it comes to the child's physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. ___50___The latest findings suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments and the secret may be alive and twisting around in the mud itself. A. But getting dirty could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing. B. With the rise of urbanism, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. C. Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. D. However, these behaviors allow children to gradually understand their bodily signals. E. A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity. F. Those who grow up on farms are less likely to develop auto-immune disorders thanks, apparently, to their childhood exposure to a more diverse range of organisms. 【答案】47. A 48. B 49. C 50. E 【解析】 【导语】文章指出接触泥土有益于儿童免疫系统，城市化减少了孩子亲近泥土的机会，并介绍户外活动对心理、感知、身体健康的多重益处。 【47题详解】 由上文“Children love getting dirty. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.(孩子们喜欢弄得满身泥土，像磁铁一样被泥坑吸引，完全不在乎鞋子和衣服的颜色。)”可知，前文描述孩子爱玩泥巴的行为，后文转折介绍弄脏自己对健康有益。A项“But getting dirty could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing.(但满身泥土会对他们的身心健康大有好处。)”符合语境，其中getting dirty与上文对应，有承上作用。 【48题详解】 由下文“For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.(对很多孩子来说，他们根本没有机会接触泥土。)”可知，空格处解释缺少接触泥土机会的原因。B项“With the rise of urbanism, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past.(随着城市化发展，人们接触大自然的机会远少于从前。)”符合语境，有启下作用。 【49题详解】 由下文“Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces.(人类大脑在自然环境中进化，感知系统格外适应野外环境。)”可知，本段介绍户外活动对心理的好处。C项“Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established.(户外活动带来的诸多心理益处已有充分依据支撑。)”符合语境，总领下文内容。 【50题详解】 由上文“When it comes to the child's physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.(说到孩子的身体健康，户外活动最直观的好处就是锻炼身体。)”以及下文“The latest findings suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments and the secret may be alive and twisting around in the mud itself.(最新研究结果表明，在自然环境中活动还有诸多其他益处，而其中的奥秘或许就藏在泥土里那些鲜活、四处蠕动的微生物之中。)”可知，空格处应具体说明运动带来的身体好处。E项“A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity.(孩子在开阔场地更容易增强体能，降低肥胖风险。)”符合语境，有承上启下作用。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Feeling Competent and Purposeful Helps Adolescents A Lot The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’. While life satisfaction roughly equates to how happy a person is, eudaimonia refers to how well that person feels they are functioning. It involves feelings of competence, motivation and self-esteem. The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. Participants completed an established psychological assessment called ‘How I feel about myself and school’, which measures both life satisfaction and eudaimonia. Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. On average, those achieving top Maths grades had eudaimonic wellbeing levels 1.5 times higher than those with the lowest grades. No such link was found between academic performance and life satisfaction. Despite this, child well-being policy in England tends to focus on life satisfaction. The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. The new study appears to strengthen that case by demonstrating a positive link between eudaimonia and academic performance. The study also found that growth mindset did not predict good academic results, although students with high eudaimonic well-being did tend to exhibit such a mindset. Other research has similarly struggled to draw a clear link between growth mindset and academic progress, but does link it more generally to positive mental health. This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided; instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. (59 words) 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究，指出青少年的幸福感应关注‌“eudaimonia”(即胜任感、动机与自我价值感)，因为它与学业成绩尤其是数学成绩密切相关，而单纯的生活满意度则与学业表现无关，建议政策制定者重新审视当前以‌“快乐”为核心的教育导向。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’.The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. ② Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. ③The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. ④Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. ⑤ This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. 2. 缜密构思 将第①②要点作为研究背景概括；将第③要点整合为研究发现；将第④⑤要点整合为政策启示与建议。 3. 遣词造句 A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided. Instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided; instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和动名词短语作主语) V. Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在新闻发布会上，市长做出的承诺无疑给很多市民吃了颗定心丸。(ease) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At the press conference, the mayor’s promise undoubtedly eased many citizens’ anxiety. 【解析】 【详解】“在新闻发布会上”译为at the press conference，作状语，“市长做出的承诺”译为the mayor’s promise，“无疑”使用副词undoubtedly，“给很多市民吃了颗定心丸”即“缓解了许多市民的焦虑”，译为ease many citizens’ anxiety，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 53. 这家快餐店推出了私人订制服务，获得众多消费者的青睐。(which) (汉译英) 【答案】This fast-food store (has) launched a (private) tailored service/customized service/personalized service, which (has) won many customers’ favor. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子陈述已经发生的动作，可以一般过去时陈述过去的事实，也可用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；分析可知，本句为主从复合句，“这家快餐店推出了私人订制服务”处理为主句，主语“这家快餐店”表达为this fast-food store，谓语动词“推出”表达为launch，宾语“私人定制服务”可表达为 (private) tailored service/customized service/personalized service，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰；“获得众多消费者的青睐”处理为非限制性定语从句，对名词service进行附加说明，谓语“赢得，获得”用动词win表达，宾语“众多消费者的青睐”表达为many customers’ favor，从句缺少主语，且先行词service指物，因此用关系代词which引导从句。综上，故翻译为This fast-food store (has) launched a (private) tailored service/customized service/personalized service, which (has) won many customers’ favor. 54. 面对技术上的各种“卡脖子”，我们别无选择只能坚持自主创新。(alternative) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In the face of various technological bottlenecks, we have no alternative but to stick to independent innovation. 【解析】 【详解】“面对”表达为In the face of；“技术上的各种“卡脖子””表达为various technological bottlenecks；“别无选择只能做某事”表达为have no alternative but to do；“坚持自主创新”表达为stick to independent innovation。根据句意可知，“面对技术上的各种“卡脖子””表达为In the face of various technological bottlenecks，为介词短语在句中作状语，“我们别无选择只能坚持自主创新”为主句，表达为we have no alternative but to stick to independent innovation，此句陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时。 55. 中国素有茶之乡之称。几千年来，茶文化深深植根于中国，已成为中国人日常生活的一部分。(root) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】China is known as the hometown of tea. For thousands of years, tea culture has been deeply rooted in China and has become a part of Chinese people's daily life. 【解析】 【详解】“中国”译为China，“素有……之称”译为be known as，“茶之乡”译为the hometown of tea，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；“几千年来”译为for thousands of years，作状语，对应现在完成时，“茶文化”译为tea culture，“植根于”译为be rooted in，“深深”译为deeply，修饰谓语动词，作状语，“已成为”译为has become，“中国人日常生活的一部分”译为a part of Chinese people's daily life。 VI. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李明，你得知美术馆将要举办“国宝展”，邀请好友王磊周末同往。但王磊担心参观耗时太长，影响课业复习，婉拒了你的邀请。写一封电子邮件给王磊，在信中你必须： 1. 简要介绍此次“国宝展”； 2. 给出理由再次劝说王磊同往。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Wang Lei, I’m sorry to hear that you turned down my proposal of visiting National Treasure Exhibition. This exhibition has displayed the national treasures of the mainland and Taiwan, which is a valuable opportunity. A lot of famous Chinese traditional painting by top artists will be exhibited there. You can see some famous painters drawing Chinese paintings on the spot, which I think, will certainly attract the visitors’ eyes. I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition and further enhance your understanding of China. Besides, as the saying goes, all work and no play makes jack a dull boy, so you can relieve yourself from the heavy study loads from this. Again, I sincerely invite you to go to the exhibition with me. I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李明，你得知美术馆将要举办“国宝展”，邀请好友王磊周末同往。但王磊担心参观耗时太长，影响课业复习，婉拒了你的邀请。写一封电子邮件给王磊。 【详解】1.词汇积累 拒绝：turn down→refuse 宝贵的：valuable→precious 机会：opportunity→chance 加强：enhance→strengthen 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition and further enhance your understanding of China. 拓展句：I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition, which further enhance your understanding of China. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to hear that you turned down my proposal of visiting National Treasure Exhibition. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Besides, as the saying goes, all work and no play makes jack a dull boy, so you can relieve yourself from the heavy study loads from this. (运用了as引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评 英语 II. Grammar and Vocabulary (每题1分，共20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When the Going Gets Rough Does change frighten you? There are many ways ___1___ (handle) the little surprises life throws at us. Stuff happens. There’s nothing we can do to change that. But the problem is that our bodies and brains are programmed to be suspicious of change — to be anxious about it. After all, change means uncertainty and, in our evolutionary past, that meant a greater risk of meeting up with a hungry lion or ___2___ (annoy) elephant. Therefore, when you are uncertain, the brain releases stress hormones, the fight-or-flight chemicals ___3___, when we lived on the savannah, helped our ancestors avoid these hungry lions or face them down. The problem is that the uncertainties we ___4___ (face) with today aren’t generally as life-or-death, and don’t usually resolve to a quick getaway. So we have to deal with those excess stress hormones in a different way, which is where mindfulness can really help. Here are some top tips for dealing with change so the next time something new and challenging arises, you’ll know exactly what to do. Control What You Can Even in the most difficult of situations, there are some things that you can control. Make a list of these things, ___5___ small they seem, and then start doing them. You will find that ticking them off the list will make the ___6___ (controllable) problems appear much more manageable. Opportunity, Not Disaster Suppose you don’t get the grades you need for university, or you don’t get your dream job. One natural response is to think of it as a disaster and that your life is over. This will achieve nothing and make you miserable. ___7___ is to think of it as an opportunity to do something else entirely: go travelling, apply for an apprenticeship, etc. Studies have shown that people who train themselves to see change as an opportunity ___8___ a challenge cope with it far better. Time It Uncertainty, rather than change itself, is the biggest cause of stress. One way of coping with it is to work out ___9___ the uncertainty will last for. ____10____ (know) when things will change for the better gives your mind an end point that allows it to cope with the uncertain present. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accounts B. credibility C. declaring D. filtered E. pays F. particularly G. enduring H. principle I. ignoring J. reputation K. revolutionized The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. Viya, known as the live-streaming queen, has already been fined $210m for not ____11____ her income. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the large scale of the industry, which ____12____ for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) ____13____ role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements (宣传，代言) used to be about taking advantage of existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike____14____ both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and ____15____ photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the ____16____. Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. However, only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, ____17____ younger shoppers. And influencers are technologically proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly adapt to and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their ____18____. Despite the risk, ____19____ influencers is a mistake. Their share of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The borderline between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s-ads targeted through Google and Facebook-is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to spy on potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding_____20_____ should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (每题1分，共15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. More than half the world’s population live in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that proportion to reach 68%. This means more homes, roads and other infrastructure. Such a construction ____21____ does harm to tackling climate change, though, because making steel and concrete generates around 8% of the world’s carbon-dioxide emissions. If cities are to ____22____ and become greener at the same time, they will have to be made from something else. As it happens, Chicago might become part of the ____23____. In recent years, as architects have become increasingly interested in modern timber (木材) — construction methods, wooden buildings have been getting steadily ____24____. The current record is held by the 85-metre-tall Mjostarnet building in Norway, completed in 2019. But this would be ____25____ by the River Beech Tower, a 228-metre building proposed for a site beside the Chicago river. As the AAAs meeting heard this week, wood is one of the most ____26____ sustainable alternatives to steel and concrete. It is not, however, everyday wood but a material called engineered timber, composed of different layers for specific purposes. Besides engineering the shape of a component, designers can arrange the grains (纹理) in the layers to provide levels of ____27____ that equal steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter. Engineered timber is, ____28____, usually assembled into large sections of a building in a factory. That cuts down on the number of ____29____ that have to be made to a construction site. All this ____30____ to carbon-dioxide emissions. Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge told the meeting of a 300-square-metre four-storey wooden building that generated 126 tonnes of CO2. Had it been made with ____31____, emissions would have risen to 310 tonnes. If steel had been used, they would have topped 498 tonnes. Indeed, from one point of view, this building might actually be viewed as “carbon ____32____”. When trees grow, they lock carbon up in their wood — in this case the equivalent of 540 tonnes of CO2, representing a long-term reduction of CO2 from the atmosphere. If building with wood takes off, it does raise concern about there being enough trees to ____33____. But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage. A family-sized apartment requires about 30 cubic metres of timber, and he estimates Europe’s sustainable ____34____ alone grow that amount every seven seconds. Nor is fire a risk, for engineered timber does not burn easily, because the inner cores of large ____35____ timbers are protected by a charring (炭化) layer if burnt. 21. A. project B. ambition C. boom D. security 22. A. expand B. reform C. contract D. survive 23. A. rebel B. outcome C. answer D. issue 24. A. greener B. friendlier C. lighter D. taller 25. A. overbalanced B. overshadowed C. overlooked D. overstated 26. A. domestic B. promising C. debatable D. artificial 27. A. beauty B. strength C. friction D. dimension 28. A. nevertheless B. instead C. moreover D. meanwhile 29. A. deliveries B. checkouts C. purchases D. payments 30. A. adds value B. gives credit C. gives a boost D. makes a difference 31. A. cement B. timber C. concrete D. synthetics 32. A. positive B. negative C. friendly D. resistant 33. A. go round B. go away C. go over D. go down 34. A. advocates B. strategies C. forests D. farmers 35. A. imposing B. visible C. universal D. structural Section B (每题2分，共22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When was the last time you did something that gave you a genuine sense of achievement? For me it was last week, when I hung a picture on the wall. I know, it sounds a little crazy. But it was an easy project that I’d put off for too long. As accomplishments go, this wasn’t up there with achieving world peace, curing the incurable or running a marathon. Yet that feeling of genuine accomplishment is something that I fear we’re beginning to lose today. Now more than ever, we live in a world of instant gratitude, aided by ever-present digital devices that only feed the desire. News headlines, sports scores and the latest gossip are all a finger-swipe away on our smartphones. In this digital parallel universe, our sense of achievement has become defined by the number of positive reactions we get from posting a cool picture or making a brief comment. Just to be clear, I don’t have a problem with digital devices, apps or social media; I use them every day. Together they’ve helped us connect with others, solve problems and get things done in ways almost no one could have ever imagined. But the problem is: they aren’t very personally fulfilling. So how do we arrive at that genuine sense of achievement, whether it’s at work or our personal life? Daniel Pink, a noted author on work, management and behavioral science, has an interesting theory. When it comes to anything but the most basic tasks, we aren’t very motivated by the “traditional” motivators of fear, money or rewards. Instead, the factors include autonomy, mastery, and purpose. Autonomy represents our desire to be self-directed –to do what we want to do, when and how we want to do it; mastery refers to an essential urge to better our skills and derive satisfaction from doing so; and purpose is our desire to do something that is important and has true meaning, either to ourselves or to others. By tapping into these internal motivators, even unconsciously, we can accomplish great things, like exploring new hobbies or dreams; becoming passionate about our work; and deriving satisfaction from what we do and wanting to do more. We don’t need to achieve world peace or run a marathon to feel a sense of personal achievement. Anything will do—even hanging a few pictures on the wall. But it needs to start by putting our devices aside, at least for a little while. 36. According to the passage, the reason why we are beginning to lose the sense of accomplishment is that _________. A. it’s easy for the masses to make a quick and positive comment B. most people fear they can hardly make any accomplishment C. people tend to express their instant and artificial gratitude through the Internet D. the digital age has influenced our definition of the sense of achievement 37. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The author is used to putting off a project for too long. B. Though not personally satisfactory, digital devices are somewhat helpful. C. The author objected to addressing issues with digital devices, apps or social media. D. Achieving world peace or curing the incurable goes beyond what we call achievement. 38. The “internal motivators” in paragraph 6 refer to _________. A. fear, money and rewards B. hobbies, dreams and passion C. autonomy, mastery and purpose D. work, management and behavioral science 39. What’s the author’s opinion on the sense of personal achievement? A. With digital devices, it is easy to obtain the sense of personal achievement B. Without social media, it is impossible to obtain the sense of personal achievement. C. With Internet, personal achievement can only be obtained through great success. D. Without digital devices, the sense of personal achievement can be obtained in daily tasks. (B) Unlock the Power of Computer Programming Learning a new language opens a wealth of opportunities. But there’s one language family that provides benefits like no other: the languages of computer programming. Programming is a fun, creative and learnable skill that gives you unrivaled problem-solving power you can apply in the digital realm and the physical world. These 24 engaging and information-rich half-hour lessons use one of the world’s most popular computer languages, Python, as a gateway to the universe of programming. Taught by Professor John Keyser of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University, one of the top-ranked computer science programs in the country, this course assumes no prior background in computer science, and is so clear, carefully paced, and comprehensive that it will appeal to both beginners and experienced programmers. Offer expires 12/25/2023 THEGREATCOURSES.COM/9TME 1-800-832-2412 How to Program: Computer Science Concepts and Python Exercises Course no.915 24 lectures (30 minutes/lecture) SAVE $190 DVD $269.95 NOW $79.95 +$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee Priority Code: 130968 For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world’s foremost educators to millions who want to go deeper into the subjects that matter most. No exam. No homework. Just a world of knowledge available anytime, anywhere. Download or stream to your laptop or PC, or use our free mobile apps for iPad, iPhone, or Android. Over 550 courses available at www.The Great Courses.com. 40. How much should you pay if you want to buy a DVD of How to Program home on 12/30/2023? A. $190. B. $279.95. C. $79.95. D. $89.95. 41. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A. The lectures given in this DVD last 12 hours in total. B. There are exams and homework at the end of each lecture. C. You are open to the fun of computer programming through the lectures. D. You will have no difficulty following the lectures if you are new to programming. 42. Where can you most probably find this information? A. A leaflet of a science museum. B. A textbook on computer science. C. An autobiography of a tech giant. D. A magazine about science and technology. (C) Moby-Dick was, for me, one of those books classified of “things you should have read a long time ago”. And as I am a mathematician, despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that Moby-Dick contains a reference to cycloids. Cycloids are among the most beautiful mathematical curves in existence — the French mathematician Blaise Pascal found them so distractingly fascinating that he claimed merely thinking about them could relieve the pain of a bad toothache — but applications to whaling are not usually listed on their resume. Curious, I finally read Moby-Dick, and was delighted to find that it is full of mathematical metaphors. I realized further it’s not just Herman Melville; Leo Tolstoy writes about calculus (微积分), James Joyce about geometry. Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, “Sorry to lose you to the lab.” The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is, I think, something of a tragedy — not only because the two fields are fundamentally linked, but also because understanding these links can enhance your enjoyment of both. The perceived boundary between math and literature is actually a very recent idea. For most of recorded history, mathematics was part of every educated person’s cultural awareness. The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both The Canterbury Tales and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. There is a deeper reason we find mathematics at the heart of literature. The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it. That’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. 43. What inspired the author to read Moby-Dick? A. The topic of the book. B. His friend’s recommendation. C. His long-time interest in literature. D. There being some maths in the book. 44. The author’s English teacher’s words are mentioned in paragraph 4 in order to ________. A. form a sharp contrast with the attainment he later made B. imply that mathematics and literature haven’t received proper attention C. protest against the unfair treatment he once received while young D. show that maths and literature are regarded as distinctive subjects 45. What do Omar Khayyam, Chaucer and Lewis Carroll have in common? A. All of them were famous novelists. B. All of them were in favour of reading widely. C. All of them were masters in both maths and literature. D. All of them were aware of the boundary between maths and literature. 46. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? A. Taking on maths and giving up literature was not a wise choice for him. B. Both maths and literature are part of the pursuit to understand the universe. C. There is enough research on the connections between maths and literature. D. Mathematicians may find it hard to understand ideas embedded in literature. Section C (每题2分，共8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Mud Boosts Your Immune System Children love getting dirty. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing. ___47___. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family refrain, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles (蝌蚪), it was inevitable that children's whites would turn brown before the day was over. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. ___48___ For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in children's wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is packed with friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build resilience (恢复力) to a range of illnesses, including allergies and even depression. ___49___ Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable. Besides the restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of molding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact. When it comes to the child's physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. ___50___The latest findings suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments and the secret may be alive and twisting around in the mud itself. A. But getting dirty could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing. B. With the rise of urbanism, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. C. Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. D. However, these behaviors allow children to gradually understand their bodily signals. E. A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity. F. Those who grow up on farms are less likely to develop auto-immune disorders thanks, apparently, to their childhood exposure to a more diverse range of organisms. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Feeling Competent and Purposeful Helps Adolescents A Lot The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’. While life satisfaction roughly equates to how happy a person is, eudaimonia refers to how well that person feels they are functioning. It involves feelings of competence, motivation and self-esteem. The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. Participants completed an established psychological assessment called ‘How I feel about myself and school’, which measures both life satisfaction and eudaimonia. Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. On average, those achieving top Maths grades had eudaimonic wellbeing levels 1.5 times higher than those with the lowest grades. No such link was found between academic performance and life satisfaction. Despite this, child well-being policy in England tends to focus on life satisfaction. The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. The new study appears to strengthen that case by demonstrating a positive link between eudaimonia and academic performance. The study also found that growth mindset did not predict good academic results, although students with high eudaimonic well-being did tend to exhibit such a mindset. Other research has similarly struggled to draw a clear link between growth mindset and academic progress, but does link it more generally to positive mental health. This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在新闻发布会上，市长做出的承诺无疑给很多市民吃了颗定心丸。(ease) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 这家快餐店推出了私人订制服务，获得众多消费者的青睐。(which) (汉译英) 54. 面对技术上的各种“卡脖子”，我们别无选择只能坚持自主创新。(alternative) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 中国素有茶之乡之称。几千年来，茶文化深深植根于中国，已成为中国人日常生活的一部分。(root) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李明，你得知美术馆将要举办“国宝展”，邀请好友王磊周末同往。但王磊担心参观耗时太长，影响课业复习，婉拒了你的邀请。写一封电子邮件给王磊，在信中你必须： 1. 简要介绍此次“国宝展”； 2. 给出理由再次劝说王磊同往。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $