精品解析：上海市闵行区教育学院附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月阶段练习英语试卷

闵教院附中高三上学期10月阶段练习 英语试卷 （总分： 140分 考试时间： 120分钟） I. Listening Comprehension（25分） Section A（10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once, after you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the your possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A.She didn't like the food the man prepared. B. She does prefer spicy food. C.She thinks the man spent too much time cooking. D. She is annoyed with the man. 2.A.He hadn't noticed any change in David. B. David looks different without a beard. C. David looks nicer without a beard. D. He hasn't seen David for a long time. 3.A.The paper should be completed by neat Friday. B. Only the first part of the term paper is due next Friday. C.Some students didn't finish their term paper on time. D. Some students haven't started their paper yet. 4.A.Lacy didn't attend the party. B. It was canceled at the last minute. C. Lucy's friends did much of the work. D. The man wasn't invited. 5.A. Buy a ticket for the man. B. Watch a live game. C.Go to the man's home. D. Sell the man her ticket. 6.A.She'd rather take a direct train. B. She doesn't care how long the trip takes. C. It doesn't take long to get to New York. D. Taking a plane might be more practical. 7.A.Lose some weight B. Shop for new clothes. C Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit more tightly. 8.A.Souvenirs B. Books. C. A shaver. D.Cosmetics. 9.A.Something unusual happened in the laboratory. B.The laboratory should never be locked. C.The laboratory is generally unlocked on Friday afternoon. D. The man didn't have the key to the laboratory. 10.A. Sorry. B.Annoyed C. Disappointed. D. Surprised. Section B（15分） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Teaching staff. B.Environmentalists. C. School cleaners. D. College students. 12.A.It keeps track of how clean or populated the air is on an hour-to-hour basis. B. The Environmental Protection Agency made the Clean Air Act. C.People in Atlanta,Georgia,may be feeling the effects of poor air quality today. D. Sensitive groups of people may not feel sick until the AQI reaches 150. 13. A. Checking the AQI before going outside. B. Limiting outdoor activities every day. C. Staying home on high level days. D. No exercising on high level days. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A.Smart home technology. B. Advanced computers. C. Google Home. D. Defence industry. 15. A. Technology can help homeowners look in on pets when they are away. B.Smart home devices can foresee big storms before they happen. C. There's possibility that you talk with someone at your door while you are away. D. Smart home devices can be controlled from both inside and outside your home. 16. A. The information they store in the computer. B. Leaks and flooding caused by storms. C.The security of the smart home devices. D. The safety of their pet dogs at home. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17.A. Forest fires. B. The history of a coastal city. C. Coastal redwood trees. D. The city of San Francisco. 18.A.In California. B. In the north of San Francisco. C. In MuriWoods National Monument. D.Not mentioned. 19.A. 350 years. B. 400 years. C. 800 years. D. 2000 years. 20.A.The costal redwoods are the tallest living things. B. The coastal redwoods prefer foggy climate. C. The coastal redwoods are resistant to forest fires. D.The costal redwoods are the oldest living things in the world. II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分） Section A （10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is often thought that the industrialization of work has a huge impact on the lives of people who use the new machines and ____1____ society as a whole. For example, some believe that women working in industry left their traditional role in the household and changed their place in society. In the 19th century, ____2____ women started working in factories, a French politician, Jules Simon, warned that this would make women lose their traditional role. On the other hand, Friedrich Engels predicted that technology ____3____ (free) women from the social, legal, and economic limits of the family, by allowing all women to work in public industries. Historians, especially ____4____ who studying women’s history, now doubt this idea of dramatic change. They argue that major inventions like spinning jenny, sewing machine, typewriter and vacuum cleaner did not lead to big changes in women’s economic status or ____5____ society valued their work. For example, young women working during the Industrial Revolution were simply continuing an older pattern in ____6____ single women work as servants. In the 20th century, more married women worked outside the home, not because of labor-saving devices or more free time, ____7____ because they needed money and there were fewer single women available to hire. Women’s work ____8____ (shift) from the home to offices and factories, and from blue-collar to white-collar jobs over the past 200 years. However, the basic conditions of women’s work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: jobs are still divided by gender, women are paid less, and their work often requires low skill with little chance for advancement. At the same time, women’s household work remains ____9____ demand). Recent studies have challenged the idea ____10____ technology always brings revolutionary social change. In fact, industrialization may have slowed changes in women’s traditional roles both at work and at home. Section B（10分） Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. addressing B. adoption C. attend D. budgeting E. cautions F. correspond G. extended H. hesitancy I. packages J. regardless K. rigid Top work-life balance benefits for 2023 “Flexibility is the gold standard of work-life balance benefits,” says Jonathan Pas, health care leader at consulting firm Mercer. It’s no surprise then that two years after the pandemic forced most office workers to perform their jobs remotely. 78% of employers say they’ll allow employees to continue doing so regularly in 2023, according to a Mercer survey. But there’s still some ____11____: only 9% say they will allow employees to work remotely daily. ____12____, flexibility around when employees work is just as important as where. In the survey, 66% of employers said they would offer flexible work schedules over the course of a typical work day, such as specific times during the week to ____13____ to personal matters and four-day work weeks. Employees no longer want to organize their personal life around a(n) ____14____ work schedule but instead want the two interwoven, so they can decide what to prioritize and when. Pas ____15____ against making hollow promises about a company’s commitment to work-life balance. “If employees feel a disconnection between programs that are rolled out and what senior leaders really expect, credibility is questioned, and the goodwill created through the program is denied.” He cites paid time off to volunteer, which almost half (45%) of companies say they will add to their benefits ____16____ next year. Other benefits requiring a broader organizational buy-in are sabbaticals(公休假) and unlimited vacation days. Both benefits encourage employees to pursue interests outside of work with ____17____ periods off. Still, if they feel a dishonour associated with taking advantage of them, they’ll be hesitant to do so. The relatively low ____18____ rates for 2023, though—only 12% for sabbaticals and 15% for unlimited vacation—indicate that employers are still against paying employees not to work. Instead, they prefer to find new ways to give employees more money, with the rise of employer-funded lifestyle accounts, which are often reserved for big-ticket items that might otherwise require some ____19____. Nevertheless, only 12% of employers said they would add lifestyle accounts in 2023, and 70% said they are considering them, which could indicate a trend on the horizon. But perhaps the most telling statistic about the importance of _____20_____ work-life balance is the number of companies that said they don’t plan to offer any additional benefits to support work-life balance: a mere 5%. III. Reading Comprehension（37分） Section A（15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. ____21____, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more ____22____ in people’s lives. The ____23____ is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be ____24____. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that ____25____ attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First Impression To help determine the ____26____ of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to ____27____ what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their ____28____ judgments often held true. Students seemed to ____29____ at an early stage who would best fit into their lives. The ____30____ Knows Scientists have also turned to non-humans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling ____31____ to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as ____32____ as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people. Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for ____33____. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we ____34____ attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to ____35____ words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 21. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise 22. A. romantic B. stressful C. artificial D. central 23. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle 24. A. tested B. impressed C. created D. changed 25. A. appearances B. similarities C. virtues D. passions 26. A. ingredients B. illustrations C. implications D. intentions 27. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall 28. A. critical B. random C. mature D. initial 29. A. memorize B. negotiate C. distinguish D. question 30. A. Eye B. Nose C. Heart D. Hand 31. A. alert B. open C. resistant D. superior 32. A. gifted B. amazed C. disappointed D. confused 33. A. attractiveness B. individuality C. emotion D. signals 34. A. enhance B. possess C. assess D. maintain 35. A. familiar B. plain C. negative D. positive Section B（22分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dear Doggy Diary MONDAY Now we’ve surely got all we require for the puppy’s arrival: a basket, a screaming toy banana and a bag of dog food. For names, we are hesitating between Spike or Lenny—but, as I tell this list to a Black friend, I suddenly realize both names are associated with famous Black men, and panic that this is a little offence. TUESDAY Our friend Sam has kindly volunteered to “puppy proof” our home. “You don’t want to give him that screaming toy, that’s encouraging him to eat your sofa,” she says, inspecting our purchases disapprovingly. She hands us a book, by Dr Ian Dunbar. “This guy”, she assures us, “is a Super Babysitter for dogs.” WEDNESDAY Spent last night ______57______ Dunbar has plenty of wisdom on “positively communicating” with the puppy, but nothing on how to get a puppy and also two young children. THURSDAY D-Day. Now the registration website wants a dog name at short notice. So, we go for “Buzz”. One syllable (音节) and with multi-generational fascination (Granny thinks Aldrin, kids think Lightyear). FRIDAY I feel very hesitant about saying so, but last night went well. Buzz is incredibly cute, the kids adore him and he’s very cute and only did one pee (排尿) on the blanket, and did I mention he’s cute? SATURDAY “Love” feels like a stretch right now. Our “play” was evidently not “focused” enough to prevent Buzz biting through our sofa. Also, our three-year-old thinks it’s funny to run away, so Buzz wrestles him to the ground and licks all over his face. I suspect this isn’t the best way to prepare Buzz for engaging with the public. SUNDAY The whole house smells of dog. I find this nasty, but friends, family, and people we barely know existed are dropping by to meet him. “It’s like having a baby, eh?” says my neighbor, Erik, brightly. “Yes, but it’s a baby you can neglect when it cries!” I respond cheerfully. He frowns (皱眉). MONDAY It’s 2 A.M. on the coldest day of the year and I’m on my hands and knees in the bushes. I think you’ve never really experienced a harsh mid-winter until you’re trying to run after a puppy. Then, we return inside, and it’s just me and Buzz. Peace. I should put him back in his cage, but I find I can’t resist a hug. Don’t tell my wife. 36. What does the phrase “puppy proof” our home mean in paragraph 2? A. Make our home clean enough for the puppy. B. Inspect our home to make it puppy-friendly. C. Prove that the puppy will satisfy our needs. D. Decorate our home with books on puppies. 37. In the diary of “WEDNESDAY”, a passage is missing. Which of the following plot best fits into the numbered blank? A. Picking a dog ’s name from a name list of Blacks. B. Looking over the house for potential safety hazards. C. Studying Dunbar’s book on how to take care of a dog. D. Visiting Dunbar in person in order to adopt his puppy. 38. Which of the following is the reason for naming the puppy “Buzz”? A. Other choices imply strong prejudice against Black people. B. Its pronunciation resembles the puppy’s cute and short bark. C. The registration website recommends the name to the family. D. The name holds appeal to both the elder and the younger generations. 39. Which of the following does the diary feature after the adoption of the puppy? A. Chaos and cuteness. B. Hatred and love. C. Mess and cleanliness. D. Abuse and affection. (B) IN CONTEXT BRANCH Geology BEFORE 6th century BCE The Greek thinker Thales of Miletus notes magnetic rocks, or lodestones (天然磁石). 1st century CE Chinese diviners make primitive compasses with iron spoon that can turn around to point south. 1269 French scholar Pierre de Maricourt sets out the basic laws of magnetic attraction, repulsion, and poles. AFTER 1824 French mathematician Siméon Poisson models the forces in a magnetic field. 1940s American physicist Walter Maurice Elsasser attributes Earth’s magnetic field to iron swirling in its outer core as the planet rotates. 1958 Explorer 1 space mission shows Earth’s magnetic field extending far out into space. By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans. Yet no one knew how they worked. Some thought the compass needle was attracted to the North Star, others that it was drawn to magnetic mountains in the Arctic. It was English physician William Gilbert who discovered that Earth itself is magnetic. Stronger reasons are obtained from sure experiments and demonstrated arguments than from probable conjectures (推测) and the opinions of philosophical speculators. William Gilbert Gilbert’s breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from 17 years of careful experiment. He learned all he could from ships’ captains and compass makers, and then he made a model globe, or “terrella,” out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it. The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships’ compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination (pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole, which differs from magnetic north) and inclination (tilting down from the horizontal toward the globe). Gilbert concluded, rightly, that the entire planet is a magnet and has a core of iron. He published his ideas in the book De Magnete (On the Magnet) in 1600, causing a sensation. Johannes Kepler and Galileo, in particular, were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres, as most people still thought, but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism. 40. Before the 16th century, how did captains navigate across oceans? A. The North Star navigated their ships. B. The magnetic mountains in the Arctic guided their journey. C. Magnetic compasses helped them maintain the course. D. The forces in a magnetic field attracted the ships. 41. How did William Gilbert find out the fact that Earth itself is magnetic? A. Through trials and errors. B. Through some personal philosophical speculation. C. By acquiring some flash inspiration. D. By studying the ideas of some philosophers. 42. Which of the following statement might Galileo agree with? A. The earth stays still. B. Gilbert successfully refuted the laws of magnetic attraction. C. Gilbert’s findings and conclusions are sensational. D. The earth has its own magnetic field. (C) More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends: First, when consumers saw that the price today was lower than it had been in the past, they were more likely to buy now, because the current price seemed like a good deal. However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction. So what does this mean for sellers? It may be tempting to slowly lower the price over time. However, our data shows that this can lead consumers to assume that the price will continue to fall, making them hesitant to buy. But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now. Our findings can also help buyers make more informed decisions about whether and when they choose to make a purchase. As with any irrational bias (非理性的偏见), awareness of the natural tendency to expect trends to continue and single large changes to reverse can help consumers question this assumption before acting on it. Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls. Of course, there are countless factors that influence both consumers’ decisions around whether and when to buy and sellers’ decisions around how to price their products. But it’s important for both sides to recognize the key role that expectations play in influencing these decisions. 43. Which of the following is true about the experiment? A. It proves that people’s interest in the product drives the purchasing behavior. B. E-commerce platforms turn to it to connect with customers and boost sales. C. It’s designed to figure out the purchasing decision process based on pricing. D. Business school students make up the whole control group for comparison. 44. Which of the following price trends might tempt consumers to buy on May 8th? A. B. C. D. 45. Consumers are advised to . A. decide on the assumptions that long-term price trend will continue B. research longer-term price history, price ranges and hidden factors C. put off the purchase for better deals because of the unsustainable market D. cooperate with sellers while putting aside the personal risk and urgency 46. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How do price changes influence buying decisions? B. Why should products’ historical prices be shown? C. When is the best time for consumers to purchase? D. What do businesses need to price their products? Section C（8分） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Identity theft Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft gang that the police cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. ___47___ Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust (搜捕) to date, is just a drop in the bucket. ___48___. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number — which can often be found on the Web — is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus (伪造的) line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect your identity. The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of pain later. ___49___ There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax.com), Trans-Union (www.transunion. com) and Experian (experian.com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found Trans Union’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive-laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise, it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report which, along with a local police report, should help when angry creditors come knocking. But just don’t expect justice. ___50___ A. The efforts of help-desk workers will lead to a notable decrease in criminal activity in the future. B. But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. C. His behavior allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. D. More than 700,000 Americans are subjected to credit hijack every year. E. That help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught. F. Letting go of the Social Security card has revealed itself to be a beneficial option. IV. Summary Writing（10分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Fishy Weather Have you ever heard someone say, “It’s raining cats and dogs”? It’s a figure of speech—no one has ever seen it truly rain cats and dogs. However, weird weather does happen. Fish, frogs, and even spiders have fallen from the sky during storms! Some places get a lot of weird weather. Yoro, a city in Honduras, is one such place. There, animals fall from the sky so often that kids learn about it in school. However, most people don’t believe it until they see it. When Miguel Espinoza moved to Yoro, he thought the stories were just legends. Then one afternoon, he saw a dark cloud in the sky. “I felt something hit my hat, and I saw a shiny flutter,” he said. “It was a fish!” Hundreds of silver fish fell like wriggling raindrops. Scientists can explain the raining fish. Storms with strong winds, such as waterspouts and tornadoes, can suck up water as they pass over rivers, lakes, or oceans. The winds will also suck up whatever is swimming in that water! These storms can then carry the animals for many miles. When the winds start to die down, they drop the water and animals. Fish are the most common animals carried by storms, but they aren’t the only ones. In 2005, thousands of tiny frogs rained down on a city in Serbia. Amazingly, frogs were still alive after they fell to the ground. And in 2007, a man named Christian Gaona was visiting northern Argentina when he experienced a very creepy rain. Dozens of spiders fell from the sky! Christian snapped some pictures of the raining spiders. Otherwise, his friends might never have believed his unusual story. Overall, animal rainstorms aren’t very common. In most years, fewer than ten animal storms are reported around the world. So don’t worry about fish bouncing off your umbrella. If they do, you’ll have your own story about very weird weather. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation（15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这款新发布的电子产品在速度和容量上比竞争对手的差得多。(inferior)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 53. 我从未想到会和这位小有名气的网红一起滞留在机场。(occur)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 54. 这些新推出的运动设备是否如广告宣传那样有所谓的保健功效，这仍有待观察。(remain) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这条小河蜿蜒流淌，与世代居住于此的村民朝夕相伴，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(company)(汉译英) VI. Guided Writing（25分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生李明，你校学生会就成人仪式(Coming-of-age Ceremony)的活动内容向全校学生征求意见。你决定写一封邮件给学生会，表达你的意见，内容包括： 1.你建议成人仪式包含哪些活动； 2.你提出这些建议的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 闵教院附中高三上学期10月阶段练习 英语试卷 （总分： 140分 考试时间： 120分钟） I. Listening Comprehension（25分） Section A（10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once, after you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the your possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A.She didn't like the food the man prepared. B. She does prefer spicy food. C.She thinks the man spent too much time cooking. D. She is annoyed with the man. 2.A.He hadn't noticed any change in David. B. David looks different without a beard. C. David looks nicer without a beard. D. He hasn't seen David for a long time. 3.A.The paper should be completed by neat Friday. B. Only the first part of the term paper is due next Friday. C.Some students didn't finish their term paper on time. D. Some students haven't started their paper yet. 4.A.Lacy didn't attend the party. B. It was canceled at the last minute. C. Lucy's friends did much of the work. D. The man wasn't invited. 5.A. Buy a ticket for the man. B. Watch a live game. C.Go to the man's home. D. Sell the man her ticket. 6.A.She'd rather take a direct train. B. She doesn't care how long the trip takes. C. It doesn't take long to get to New York. D. Taking a plane might be more practical. 7.A.Lose some weight B. Shop for new clothes. C Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit more tightly. 8.A.Souvenirs B. Books. C. A shaver. D.Cosmetics. 9.A.Something unusual happened in the laboratory. B.The laboratory should never be locked. C.The laboratory is generally unlocked on Friday afternoon. D. The man didn't have the key to the laboratory. 10.A. Sorry. B.Annoyed C. Disappointed. D. Surprised. Section B（15分） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Teaching staff. B.Environmentalists. C. School cleaners. D. College students. 12.A.It keeps track of how clean or populated the air is on an hour-to-hour basis. B. The Environmental Protection Agency made the Clean Air Act. C.People in Atlanta,Georgia,may be feeling the effects of poor air quality today. D. Sensitive groups of people may not feel sick until the AQI reaches 150. 13. A. Checking the AQI before going outside. B. Limiting outdoor activities every day. C. Staying home on high level days. D. No exercising on high level days. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A.Smart home technology. B. Advanced computers. C. Google Home. D. Defence industry. 15. A. Technology can help homeowners look in on pets when they are away. B.Smart home devices can foresee big storms before they happen. C. There's possibility that you talk with someone at your door while you are away. D. Smart home devices can be controlled from both inside and outside your home. 16. A. The information they store in the computer. B. Leaks and flooding caused by storms. C.The security of the smart home devices. D. The safety of their pet dogs at home. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17.A. Forest fires. B. The history of a coastal city. C. Coastal redwood trees. D. The city of San Francisco. 18.A.In California. B. In the north of San Francisco. C. In MuriWoods National Monument. D.Not mentioned. 19.A. 350 years. B. 400 years. C. 800 years. D. 2000 years. 20.A.The costal redwoods are the tallest living things. B. The coastal redwoods prefer foggy climate. C. The coastal redwoods are resistant to forest fires. D.The costal redwoods are the oldest living things in the world. II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分） Section A （10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is often thought that the industrialization of work has a huge impact on the lives of people who use the new machines and ____1____ society as a whole. For example, some believe that women working in industry left their traditional role in the household and changed their place in society. In the 19th century, ____2____ women started working in factories, a French politician, Jules Simon, warned that this would make women lose their traditional role. On the other hand, Friedrich Engels predicted that technology ____3____ (free) women from the social, legal, and economic limits of the family, by allowing all women to work in public industries. Historians, especially ____4____ who studying women’s history, now doubt this idea of dramatic change. They argue that major inventions like spinning jenny, sewing machine, typewriter and vacuum cleaner did not lead to big changes in women’s economic status or ____5____ society valued their work. For example, young women working during the Industrial Revolution were simply continuing an older pattern in ____6____ single women work as servants. In the 20th century, more married women worked outside the home, not because of labor-saving devices or more free time, ____7____ because they needed money and there were fewer single women available to hire. Women’s work ____8____ (shift) from the home to offices and factories, and from blue-collar to white-collar jobs over the past 200 years. However, the basic conditions of women’s work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: jobs are still divided by gender, women are paid less, and their work often requires low skill with little chance for advancement. At the same time, women’s household work remains ____9____ demand). Recent studies have challenged the idea ____10____ technology always brings revolutionary social change. In fact, industrialization may have slowed changes in women’s traditional roles both at work and at home. 【答案】1. on 2. when 3. would free 4. those 5. how 6. which 7. but 8. has shifted 9. demanding 10. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们对工业化工作对人类生活及社会整体影响的不同看法，重点探讨了工业化对女性工作角色、经济地位的影响，指出工业化并未给女性传统角色带来革命性改变。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：人们通常认为，工作的工业化对使用新机器的人们的生活以及整个社会都有巨大的影响。have an impact on...（对……有影响），此处与前文on the lives of people并列，均表示“对……的影响”，所以用介词on。故填on。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：在19世纪，当女性开始在工厂工作时，法国政治家朱尔斯·西蒙警告说，这将使女性失去她们的传统角色。此处引导时间状语从句，结合句意，“女性开始在工厂工作”是“法国政治家发出警告”的时间背景，所以用连词when（当……时）。故填when。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：另一方面，弗里德里希·恩格斯预测，技术将通过允许所有女性在公共行业工作，把女性从家庭的社会、法律和经济限制中解放出来。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句谓语predicted为一般过去时，从句描述的是过去预测的未来发生的事情，要用过去将来时，所以用would free。故填would free。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：历史学家们，尤其是那些研究女性历史的历史学家，现在对这种剧烈变化的观点提出了质疑。此处为同类异物特指，上文historians是复数，为避免重复，此处应用those。故填those。 【5题详解】 考查连词。句意：他们认为，像珍妮纺纱机、缝纫机、打字机和吸尘器这样的重大发明，并没有给女性的经济地位或社会如何评价她们的工作带来重大变化。此处引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，所以用连词how。故填how。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：例如，工业革命期间工作的年轻女性，只是在延续一种更古老的模式，在这种模式中单身女性做仆人。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为pattern，指物，作介词in的宾语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：在20世纪，更多已婚女性外出工作，不是因为省力设备或更多空闲时间，而是因为她们需要钱，而且可供雇佣的单身女性更少了。not...but...（不是……而是……），此处表示转折关系，否定前文原因，肯定后文原因，所以用连词but。故填but。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的200年里，女性的工作已经从家庭转移到了办公室和工厂，从蓝领工作转移到了白领工作。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语over the past 200 years，可知要用现在完成时，主语Women’s work为不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has shifted。 【9题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与此同时，女性的家务劳动仍然很繁重。此处作系动词remains的表语，需要用形容词，demand的形容词形式demanding“费力的，繁重的”符合句意。故填demanding。 【10题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：最近的研究对技术总是带来革命性社会变革这一观点提出了挑战。此处引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词the idea的具体内容，从句句意完整、成分齐全，所以用连词that。故填that。 Section B（10分） Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. addressing B. adoption C. attend D. budgeting E. cautions F. correspond G. extended H. hesitancy I. packages J. regardless K. rigid Top work-life balance benefits for 2023 “Flexibility is the gold standard of work-life balance benefits,” says Jonathan Pas, health care leader at consulting firm Mercer. It’s no surprise then that two years after the pandemic forced most office workers to perform their jobs remotely. 78% of employers say they’ll allow employees to continue doing so regularly in 2023, according to a Mercer survey. But there’s still some ____11____: only 9% say they will allow employees to work remotely daily. ____12____, flexibility around when employees work is just as important as where. In the survey, 66% of employers said they would offer flexible work schedules over the course of a typical work day, such as specific times during the week to ____13____ to personal matters and four-day work weeks. Employees no longer want to organize their personal life around a(n) ____14____ work schedule but instead want the two interwoven, so they can decide what to prioritize and when. Pas ____15____ against making hollow promises about a company’s commitment to work-life balance. “If employees feel a disconnection between programs that are rolled out and what senior leaders really expect, credibility is questioned, and the goodwill created through the program is denied.” He cites paid time off to volunteer, which almost half (45%) of companies say they will add to their benefits ____16____ next year. Other benefits requiring a broader organizational buy-in are sabbaticals(公休假) and unlimited vacation days. Both benefits encourage employees to pursue interests outside of work with ____17____ periods off. Still, if they feel a dishonour associated with taking advantage of them, they’ll be hesitant to do so. The relatively low ____18____ rates for 2023, though—only 12% for sabbaticals and 15% for unlimited vacation—indicate that employers are still against paying employees not to work. Instead, they prefer to find new ways to give employees more money, with the rise of employer-funded lifestyle accounts, which are often reserved for big-ticket items that might otherwise require some ____19____. Nevertheless, only 12% of employers said they would add lifestyle accounts in 2023, and 70% said they are considering them, which could indicate a trend on the horizon. But perhaps the most telling statistic about the importance of _____20_____ work-life balance is the number of companies that said they don’t plan to offer any additional benefits to support work-life balance: a mere 5%. 【答案】11. H 12. J 13. C 14. K 15. E 16. I 17. G 18. B 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分析了2023年可以给员工平衡工作和生活的一些高福利，如灵活性、公休假和无限休假等。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：但仍有一些犹豫：只有9%的人表示他们将允许员工每天远程工作。根据空前的“some”可知，空处应填名词。根据上一句“78% of employers say they’ll allow employees to continue doing so regularly in 2023, according to a Mercer survey.(美世公司的一项调查显示，78%的雇主表示，他们将允许员工在2023年继续定期这样做。)”和本句中的But可知，上下文是转折关系，这里表示仍有一些公司犹豫。hesitancy“犹豫”，为不可数名词，符合题意。故选H项。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：不管怎样，员工何时工作的灵活性和在哪里工作的灵活性同样重要。分析句子结构，空处应用副词，修饰整个句子。regardless“不管怎样”，为副词，符合题意。故选J项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：在调查中，66%的雇主表示，他们会在一个典型的工作日内提供灵活的工作时间表，例如一周中处理个人事务的特定时间和一周工作四天。根据空前的不定式符号to可知，空处应填动词原形。根据空后的“to personal matters”可知，这里表示处理个人事情。attend to意为“对付，处理”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：员工不再希望围绕严格的工作时间表来安排他们的个人生活，而是希望两者交织在一起，这样他们就可以决定优先处理什么事情以及何时处理。根据空前的a(n)和空后的“work schedule”可知，空处应用形容词。再结合本段第一句中的“flexibility”可知，这里表示不想围绕死板的工作时间表。rigid“死板的，严格的”符合题意。故选K项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：Pas警告不要对公司为工作与生活平衡所做的保证做出空洞的承诺。分析句子结构，空处应为本句的谓语，且主语Pas为单数名词，所以谓语应用单数形式。caution“警告”符合题意。cautions在句中作谓语。故选E项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：他列举了带薪休假做志愿者的例子，近一半（45%）的公司表示，他们将在明年把带薪休假增加到福利计划中。benefits package意为“福利计划”，符合题意。故选I项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这两项福利都鼓励员工在延长时间休假的情况下追求工作之外的爱好。根据空后的名词“periods”可知，空处应用形容词。根据空前的“pursue interests outside of work”可知，工作之余追求爱好需要较长的休假。extended“延长了的，扩展了的”符合题意。故选G项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，2023年的采用率相对较低，只有12%的雇主采用公休假和15%的雇主采用无限休假，这表明雇主仍然反对支付员工不工作的工资。分析句子结构，空处可填名词，作定语修饰rates。根据下文中的“employers are still against”可知，这里是说雇主采用公休假和无限休假的比例。adoption“采用（想法、计划、名字等）”为名词，符合题意。故选B项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：相反，随着雇主资助的生活方式账户的兴起，他们更喜欢找到新的方式给员工更多的钱，这些账户通常是为可能需要一些预算的大额项目保留的。根据空前的动词“require”和“some”可知，空处应用名词。根据前面的“big-ticket items”可知，大额项目会需要提前做好预算。budgeting“预算”为名词，符合题意。故选D项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：但关于解决工作与生活平衡的重要性，最能说明问题的统计数据可能是，有多少公司表示不打算提供任何额外的福利来支持工作与生活的平衡：只有5%。根据空前的介词of和空后的“work-life balance”可知，空处应填动名词。addressing在这里作动名词。address“处理，对付”符合题意。故选A项。 III. Reading Comprehension（37分） Section A（15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. ____21____, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more ____22____ in people’s lives. The ____23____ is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be ____24____. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that ____25____ attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First Impression To help determine the ____26____ of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to ____27____ what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their ____28____ judgments often held true. Students seemed to ____29____ at an early stage who would best fit into their lives. The ____30____ Knows Scientists have also turned to non-humans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling ____31____ to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as ____32____ as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people. Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for ____33____. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we ____34____ attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to ____35____ words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 21. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise 22. A. romantic B. stressful C. artificial D. central 23. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle 24. A. tested B. impressed C. created D. changed 25. A. appearances B. similarities C. virtues D. passions 26. A. ingredients B. illustrations C. implications D. intentions 27. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall 28. A. critical B. random C. mature D. initial 29. A. memorize B. negotiate C. distinguish D. question 30. A. Eye B. Nose C. Heart D. Hand 31. A. alert B. open C. resistant D. superior 32. A. gifted B. amazed C. disappointed D. confused 33. A. attractiveness B. individuality C. emotion D. signals 34. A. enhance B. possess C. assess D. maintain 35. A. familiar B. plain C. negative D. positive 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代与现代人们生活重心的差异，重点探讨了爱情吸引力的相关研究及影响吸引力的因素。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，你会看到很多动物和追逐它们的人。A. Instead相反；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Otherwise否则。根据前文“you would not detect interest in romance among the artists”和后文“you would see plenty of animals with people running after them”可知，前后句存在转折关系，此处表示“没有看到浪漫相关的内容，相反看到了追逐动物的场景”。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在现代，当杂货店就能买到食物时，寻找爱情在人们的生活中变得更加重要。A. romantic浪漫的；B. stressful有压力的；C. artificial人造的；D. central重要的，核心的。根据前文“Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals”可知，古代人重心在生存，而现代人食物充足，寻找爱情就成了生活中更核心、更重要的事。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：证据在我们身边无处不在。A. priority优先事项；B. proof证据；C. possibility可能性；D. principle原则。根据后文“It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love”可知，后文列举的爱情相关故事都是“寻找爱情在现代很重要”的证据。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员正在研究爱情这种高度受重视的情感状态是否可以被创造出来。A. tested测试；B. impressed使印象深刻；C. created创造；D. changed改变。根据后文“They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth”可知，研究人员在探究爱情的本质，以及这种情感是否能被人为创造，牙膏公司的想法也是相关探究的一部分。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能听说过“异性相吸”，但相似性也会产生吸引力。A. appearances外貌；B. similarities相似性；C. virtues美德；D. passions激情。根据前文“opposites attract”和转折词but可知，此处表示相似性也会产生吸引力。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助确定吸引力的构成要素，研究人员将164名大学同学配对，让他们交谈3分钟、6分钟或10分钟，以便了解彼此的个性。A. ingredients构成要素，成分；B. illustrations插图，说明；C. implications暗示，影响；D. intentions意图。根据后文“The ____ Knows”和“Face Value”可知，研究人员是想找出构成吸引力的因素有哪些。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后学生们被要求预测他们可能会和伴侣建立什么样的关系。A. predict预测；B. investigate调查；C. diagnose诊断；D. recall回忆。根据后文“After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their ______ judgments often held true”可知，此处是让学生提前预测未来的关系，九周后验证预测是否准确。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，他们最初的判断往往是正确的。A. critical批判的；B. random随机的；C. mature成熟的；D. initial最初的。根据前文“had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes”和“asked to predict”可知，此处指学生们刚开始交谈后做出的最初判断。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们似乎在早期就能分辨出谁最适合自己的生活。A. memorize记忆；B. negotiate协商；C. distinguish分辨，区分；D. question质疑。根据前文“their initial judgments often held true”可知，学生们能在早期就分辨出适合自己的人，所以最初的预测才会准确。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：鼻子知道。A. Eye眼睛；B. Nose鼻子；C. Heart心脏；D. Hand手。根据后文“Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling ____ to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as ____ as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. ”可知，本段重点讲气味（通过鼻子感知）对吸引力的影响，所以此处指 “鼻子知道”。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信息素可以发出信号，表明动物要么准备战斗，要么愿意建立伴侣关系。A. alert警惕的；B. open愿意接受的，开放的；C. resistant抵抗的；D. superior优越的。根据前文“either ready to fight or”可知，此处与“准备战斗”形成选择关系，指愿意建立伴侣关系。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，人类在检测这类化学物质方面似乎不如其他动物有天赋。A. gifted有天赋的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. disappointed失望的；D. confused困惑的。根据前文“Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by”和“in contrast”可知，动物擅长检测这类化学物质，而人类则不如它们有天赋。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员让人们判断面孔的吸引力。A. attractiveness吸引力；B. individuality个性；C. emotion情感；D. signals信号。根据后文“The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces”以及本段主题“Face Value”可知，此处指判断面孔的吸引力。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们评估吸引力的方式似乎在某种程度上是无意识的。A. enhance增强；B. possess拥有；C. assess评估，评价；D. maintain维持。根据前文“Researchers had people judge faces for attractiveness”可知，此处指人们评估、判断吸引力的方式是无意识的。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当展示一张有吸引力的脸，然后展示带有好坏联想的单词时，人们在看到有吸引力的脸后，对积极的单词反应更快。A. familiar熟悉的；B. plain朴素的；C. negative消极的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking”可知，看到有吸引力的脸会让人产生愉悦的想法，所以对积极的单词反应更快。故选D。 Section B（22分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dear Doggy Diary MONDAY Now we’ve surely got all we require for the puppy’s arrival: a basket, a screaming toy banana and a bag of dog food. For names, we are hesitating between Spike or Lenny—but, as I tell this list to a Black friend, I suddenly realize both names are associated with famous Black men, and panic that this is a little offence. TUESDAY Our friend Sam has kindly volunteered to “puppy proof” our home. “You don’t want to give him that screaming toy, that’s encouraging him to eat your sofa,” she says, inspecting our purchases disapprovingly. She hands us a book, by Dr Ian Dunbar. “This guy”, she assures us, “is a Super Babysitter for dogs.” WEDNESDAY Spent last night ______57______ Dunbar has plenty of wisdom on “positively communicating” with the puppy, but nothing on how to get a puppy and also two young children. THURSDAY D-Day. Now the registration website wants a dog name at short notice. So, we go for “Buzz”. One syllable (音节) and with multi-generational fascination (Granny thinks Aldrin, kids think Lightyear). FRIDAY I feel very hesitant about saying so, but last night went well. Buzz is incredibly cute, the kids adore him and he’s very cute and only did one pee (排尿) on the blanket, and did I mention he’s cute? SATURDAY “Love” feels like a stretch right now. Our “play” was evidently not “focused” enough to prevent Buzz biting through our sofa. Also, our three-year-old thinks it’s funny to run away, so Buzz wrestles him to the ground and licks all over his face. I suspect this isn’t the best way to prepare Buzz for engaging with the public. SUNDAY The whole house smells of dog. I find this nasty, but friends, family, and people we barely know existed are dropping by to meet him. “It’s like having a baby, eh?” says my neighbor, Erik, brightly. “Yes, but it’s a baby you can neglect when it cries!” I respond cheerfully. He frowns (皱眉). MONDAY It’s 2 A.M. on the coldest day of the year and I’m on my hands and knees in the bushes. I think you’ve never really experienced a harsh mid-winter until you’re trying to run after a puppy. Then, we return inside, and it’s just me and Buzz. Peace. I should put him back in his cage, but I find I can’t resist a hug. Don’t tell my wife. 36. What does the phrase “puppy proof” our home mean in paragraph 2? A. Make our home clean enough for the puppy. B. Inspect our home to make it puppy-friendly. C. Prove that the puppy will satisfy our needs. D. Decorate our home with books on puppies. 37. In the diary of “WEDNESDAY”, a passage is missing. Which of the following plot best fits into the numbered blank? A. Picking a dog ’s name from a name list of Blacks. B. Looking over the house for potential safety hazards. C. Studying Dunbar’s book on how to take care of a dog. D. Visiting Dunbar in person in order to adopt his puppy. 38. Which of the following is the reason for naming the puppy “Buzz”? A. Other choices imply strong prejudice against Black people. B. Its pronunciation resembles the puppy’s cute and short bark. C. The registration website recommends the name to the family. D. The name holds appeal to both the elder and the younger generations. 39. Which of the following does the diary feature after the adoption of the puppy? A. Chaos and cuteness. B. Hatred and love. C. Mess and cleanliness. D. Abuse and affection. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇日记集选。文章讲述的是作者自从收养了一只小狗之后生活中发生的变化。 【36题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文““You don’t want to give him that screaming toy, that’s encouraging him to eat your sofa,” she says, inspecting our purchases disapprovingly. She hands us a book, by Dr Ian Dunbar. “This guy”, she assures us, “is a Super Babysitter for dogs.”(“你不会想给他那种会尖叫的玩具，那会鼓励他吃掉你的沙发，”她一边说，一边不以为然地检查着我们买的东西。她递给我们一本伊恩·邓巴博士写的书。“这家伙”，她向我们保证，“是狗的超级保姆。”)”可知，作者的朋友到作者的家里是帮助作者布置家里以适合小狗的生活。由此可推知，画线短语““puppy proof” our home”意为“检查我们的家，使它适合小狗。”故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据空处的下文“Dunbar has plenty of wisdom on “positively communicating” with the puppy, but nothing on how to get a puppy and also two young children.(邓巴在与小狗“积极沟通”方面有很多智慧，但没有关于提到如何得到一只小狗和两个年幼的孩子。)”可知，作者阅读了朋友所赠送的书，并了解了书中的内容。由此推断，空处内容和邓巴的书有关。选项C“Studying Dunbar’s book on how to take care of a dog.(学习邓巴关于如何照顾狗的书。)”指的是作者阅读邓巴的书，与上文内容保持一致。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“One syllable (音节) and with multi-generational fascination (Granny thinks Aldrin, kids think Lightyear).(一个音节，并拥有多代人的喜爱(奶奶认为是Aldrin，孩子认为光年)。)”可推断，作者选这个名字是因为这个名字对于老一代和年轻一代人而言都有吸引力。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“I feel very hesitant about saying so, but last night went well. Buzz is incredibly cute, the kids adore him and he’s very cute and only did one pee (排尿) on the blanket, and did I mention he’s cute?(我很犹豫要不要这么说，但昨晚很顺利。巴斯非常可爱，孩子们都很喜欢它，它非常可爱，它只在毯子上尿过一次尿，我说过它很可爱吗?)”、第六段““Love” feels like a stretch right now. Our “play” was evidently not “focused” enough to prevent Buzz biting through our sofa. Also, our three-year-old thinks it’s funny to run away, so Buzz wrestles him to the ground and licks all over his face.(“爱”现在感觉有点牵强。我们的“游戏”显然不够“专注”，不足以防止巴斯咬破我们的沙发。还有，我们三岁的孩子觉得逃跑很好玩，所以巴斯把他摔在地上，舔了他一脸。)”、第七段“The whole house smells of dog. I find this nasty, but friends, family, and people we barely know existed are dropping by to meet him.(整个房子都有股狗腥味。我觉得这很恶心，但朋友，家人，还有我们几乎不认识的人都来见他了。)”、最后一段“I should put him back in his cage, but I find I can’t resist a hug. Don’t tell my wife.(我应该把他放回笼子里，但我发现我忍不住要拥抱他。别告诉我妻子。)”可判断，作者自从领养了小狗之后，日记从最初的有点混乱到后来充满对小狗的喜爱，以及描述了小狗的可爱。故选A。 (B) IN CONTEXT BRANCH Geology BEFORE 6th century BCE The Greek thinker Thales of Miletus notes magnetic rocks, or lodestones (天然磁石). 1st century CE Chinese diviners make primitive compasses with iron spoon that can turn around to point south. 1269 French scholar Pierre de Maricourt sets out the basic laws of magnetic attraction, repulsion, and poles. AFTER 1824 French mathematician Siméon Poisson models the forces in a magnetic field. 1940s American physicist Walter Maurice Elsasser attributes Earth’s magnetic field to iron swirling in its outer core as the planet rotates. 1958 Explorer 1 space mission shows Earth’s magnetic field extending far out into space. By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans. Yet no one knew how they worked. Some thought the compass needle was attracted to the North Star, others that it was drawn to magnetic mountains in the Arctic. It was English physician William Gilbert who discovered that Earth itself is magnetic. Stronger reasons are obtained from sure experiments and demonstrated arguments than from probable conjectures (推测) and the opinions of philosophical speculators. William Gilbert Gilbert’s breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from 17 years of careful experiment. He learned all he could from ships’ captains and compass makers, and then he made a model globe, or “terrella,” out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it. The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships’ compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination (pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole, which differs from magnetic north) and inclination (tilting down from the horizontal toward the globe). Gilbert concluded, rightly, that the entire planet is a magnet and has a core of iron. He published his ideas in the book De Magnete (On the Magnet) in 1600, causing a sensation. Johannes Kepler and Galileo, in particular, were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres, as most people still thought, but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism. 40. Before the 16th century, how did captains navigate across oceans? A. The North Star navigated their ships. B. The magnetic mountains in the Arctic guided their journey. C. Magnetic compasses helped them maintain the course. D. The forces in a magnetic field attracted the ships. 41. How did William Gilbert find out the fact that Earth itself is magnetic? A. Through trials and errors. B. Through some personal philosophical speculation. C. By acquiring some flash inspiration. D. By studying the ideas of some philosophers. 42. Which of the following statement might Galileo agree with? A. The earth stays still. B. Gilbert successfully refuted the laws of magnetic attraction. C. Gilbert’s findings and conclusions are sensational. D. The earth has its own magnetic field. 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了科学家们关于发现地球磁场的历史。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans.(到16世纪晚期，船长已经依靠磁罗盘来维持他们在海洋上的航线)”可知，在16世纪之前，船长们通过磁罗盘帮助他们保持航向来横渡大洋。故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Gilbert’s breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from 17 years of careful experiment. He learned all he could from ships’ captains and compass makers, and then he made a model globe, or “terrella,” out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it. The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships’ compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination (pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole, which differs from magnetic north) and inclination (tilting down from the horizontal toward the globe).(吉尔伯特的突破并非来自灵光一闪的灵感，而是来自17年的精心实验。他从船长和指南针制造商那里学到了他所能学到的一切，然后他用磁性岩石磁石做了一个地球仪模型，或者叫“terrella”，并用罗盘针对着它进行测试。这些针在大地球周围的反应，就像船上的指南针在更大的范围内所做的那样——显示出相同的赤纬模式（在地理极点指向离真北略远的地方，这与地磁北极不同）和倾角模式（从水平面向地球倾斜）)”可知，威廉·吉尔伯特通过反复实验发现地球本身具有磁性。故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Johannes Kepler and Galileo, in particular, were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres, as most people still thought, but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism.(约翰内斯·开普勒和伽利略尤其受到他的观点的启发，他认为地球并不像大多数人仍然认为的那样，是固定在旋转的天体上的，而是由地球自身看不见的磁力造成的)”可知，伽利略可能会同意地球有自己的磁场。故选D。 (C) More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends: First, when consumers saw that the price today was lower than it had been in the past, they were more likely to buy now, because the current price seemed like a good deal. However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction. So what does this mean for sellers? It may be tempting to slowly lower the price over time. However, our data shows that this can lead consumers to assume that the price will continue to fall, making them hesitant to buy. But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now. Our findings can also help buyers make more informed decisions about whether and when they choose to make a purchase. As with any irrational bias (非理性的偏见), awareness of the natural tendency to expect trends to continue and single large changes to reverse can help consumers question this assumption before acting on it. Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls. Of course, there are countless factors that influence both consumers’ decisions around whether and when to buy and sellers’ decisions around how to price their products. But it’s important for both sides to recognize the key role that expectations play in influencing these decisions. 43. Which of the following is true about the experiment? A. It proves that people’s interest in the product drives the purchasing behavior. B. E-commerce platforms turn to it to connect with customers and boost sales. C. It’s designed to figure out the purchasing decision process based on pricing. D. Business school students make up the whole control group for comparison. 44. Which of the following price trends might tempt consumers to buy on May 8th? A. B. C. D. 45. Consumers are advised to . A. decide on the assumptions that long-term price trend will continue B. research longer-term price history, price ranges and hidden factors C. put off the purchase for better deals because of the unsustainable market D. cooperate with sellers while putting aside the personal risk and urgency 46. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How do price changes influence buying decisions? B. Why should products’ historical prices be shown? C. When is the best time for consumers to purchase? D. What do businesses need to price their products? 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究分析了网上购物平台所提供的产品历史价格的详细信息是如何影响消费者购买决策的。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? (现在，越来越多的网上购物平台为消费者提供了产品历史价格的详细信息。但是这些信息是如何影响购买决策的呢？)”和第二段“To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends(为了探索这个问题，我们对5000多名商学院学生和在职成年人进行了一系列实验。我们测量了不同种类的价格变化对人们购买产品兴趣的影响，并确定了几个一致的趋势)”可知，该实验设计是为了弄清楚消费者基于价格的购买决策过程。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction.(然而，当你考虑到历史价格变动的频率时，情况就变得更加复杂了：在我们的研究中，我们发现，如果消费者看到至少三次相同方向的变化，他们很可能会认为价格将继续朝着同一方向移动。而如果他们只看到一个或两个相同方向的变化，他们预计价格会朝着相反的方向变化。)”以及第五段“But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now.(但如果他们只看到一次价格下跌，他们更有可能预计价格在不久的将来会逆转，这促使他们现在购买该产品。)”可知，想要让消费者在5月8日购买某产品，那么卖家在那之前最好只有一次价格下跌。故选B。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls.(与其让这种武断的预期指导购买决定，消费者还不如多研究一下驱动价格变化的潜在因素。买家也可以从更多地了解产品的长期价格历史、波动和典型的全行业价格范围中受益，以避免受到近期价格变化的不成比例的影响。考虑你对特定产品的需求有多迫切，以及你自己对潜在价格上涨的风险承受能力也是一个好主意，因为这可能会影响到你是否值得等待，看看价格是否会下降。)”可知，文章建议消费者在购买之前最好能研究产品的长期价格历史、价格区间以及驱动价格变化的潜在因素等。故选B。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? (现在越来越多的网上购物平台为消费者提供产品历史价格的详细信息。但是这些信息是如何影响购买决策的呢？)”以及第二段“To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends(为了探索这个问题，我们对5000多名商学院学生和在职成年人进行了一系列实验。我们测量了不同种类的价格变化对人们购买产品兴趣的影响，并确定了几个一致的趋势)”可知，文章主要分析了价格的变化是如何影响消费者购买决策的。故选A。 Section C（8分） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Identity theft Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft gang that the police cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. ___47___ Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust (搜捕) to date, is just a drop in the bucket. ___48___. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number — which can often be found on the Web — is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus (伪造的) line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect your identity. The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of pain later. ___49___ There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax.com), Trans-Union (www.transunion. com) and Experian (experian.com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found Trans Union’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive-laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise, it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report which, along with a local police report, should help when angry creditors come knocking. But just don’t expect justice. ___50___ A. The efforts of help-desk workers will lead to a notable decrease in criminal activity in the future. B. But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. C. His behavior allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. D. More than 700,000 Americans are subjected to credit hijack every year. E. That help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught. F. Letting go of the Social Security card has revealed itself to be a beneficial option. 【答案】47. C 48. D 49. B 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述目前身份信息盗取犯罪比较猖狂，针对这种情况文章给出一些如何保护自己个人信息的建议。 【47题详解】 根据上句“A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. (Teledata Communications是一家帮助银行在线访问信用报告的软件公司，该公司的一名低级服务台工作人员据称窃取了这些报告的密码，并以每次60美元的价格将这些密码卖给了一个由20名小偷组成的团伙。)”可知，设空处承接上句说明这种员工的行为导致的后果。C项：His behavior allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names.(他的行为使该团伙能够挑选信用良好的消费者，并以他们的名义申请各种账户。)合乎文意。故选C。 【48题详解】 根据上句“Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust (搜捕) to date, is just a drop in the bucket (更可怕的是，这迄今为止最大的身份盗窃案，只是沧海一粟)”以及“It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. (它是最大的犯罪增长市场之一。)”可知，设空处承上启下，继续说明身份盗窃案严重性的现状，D项：More than 700,000 Americans are subjected to credit hijack every year.(每年有超过70万美国人遭受信贷劫持。)合乎文意。故选D。 【49题详解】 设空处为本段的中心句，根据上段“The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. (好消息是，你可以采取很多措施。)”以及根据后句“There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax.com), Trans-Union (www.transunion. com) and Experian (experian.com). (有三家主要的信用报告机构：Equifax（在equifax.com）， Trans-Union （www.transunion）和Experian （experian.com）。)”可知，设空处承接上文，说出具体的有效的措施，B项：But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year.(但保持你的身份干净的最有效的方法是检查你的信用报告一年一两次。)合乎文意。故选B。 【50题详解】 根据上句“But just don’t expect justice. (但是不要期待正义。)”可知，设空处承接上句，总结强调逮捕率低，E项：That help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.(这名服务台工作人员是被抓获的不到2%的身份窃贼之一。)合乎文意。故选E。 IV. Summary Writing（10分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Fishy Weather Have you ever heard someone say, “It’s raining cats and dogs”? It’s a figure of speech—no one has ever seen it truly rain cats and dogs. However, weird weather does happen. Fish, frogs, and even spiders have fallen from the sky during storms! Some places get a lot of weird weather. Yoro, a city in Honduras, is one such place. There, animals fall from the sky so often that kids learn about it in school. However, most people don’t believe it until they see it. When Miguel Espinoza moved to Yoro, he thought the stories were just legends. Then one afternoon, he saw a dark cloud in the sky. “I felt something hit my hat, and I saw a shiny flutter,” he said. “It was a fish!” Hundreds of silver fish fell like wriggling raindrops. Scientists can explain the raining fish. Storms with strong winds, such as waterspouts and tornadoes, can suck up water as they pass over rivers, lakes, or oceans. The winds will also suck up whatever is swimming in that water! These storms can then carry the animals for many miles. When the winds start to die down, they drop the water and animals. Fish are the most common animals carried by storms, but they aren’t the only ones. In 2005, thousands of tiny frogs rained down on a city in Serbia. Amazingly, frogs were still alive after they fell to the ground. And in 2007, a man named Christian Gaona was visiting northern Argentina when he experienced a very creepy rain. Dozens of spiders fell from the sky! Christian snapped some pictures of the raining spiders. Otherwise, his friends might never have believed his unusual story. Overall, animal rainstorms aren’t very common. In most years, fewer than ten animal storms are reported around the world. So don’t worry about fish bouncing off your umbrella. If they do, you’ll have your own story about very weird weather. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Animals sometimes fall from the sky. In Yoro, Honduras, it has rained silver fish many times. Scientists claim waterspouts and tornadoes can pick up animals from water, which are carried for miles by the storm. When the storms stop, the animals fall. The same thing also happened to other animals in other areas, but it’s still not that common. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，动物有时会从天上掉下来。在洪都拉斯的约罗，下过很多次银鱼雨。科学家称，龙卷风和水龙卷走了水中的动物，并被风暴带到了数英里之外。当风暴停止时，动物们就会倒下。同样的事情也发生在其他地区的其他动物身上，但仍然不常见。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Fish, frogs, and even spiders have fallen from the sky during storms! ②Yoro, a city in Honduras, is one such place. Hundreds of silver fish fell like wriggling raindrops. ③Storms with strong winds, such as waterspouts and tornadoes, can suck up water as they pass over rivers, lakes, or oceans. The winds will also suck up whatever is swimming in that water! These storms can then carry the animals for many miles. When the winds start to die down, they drop the water and animals. ④Overall, animal rainstorms aren’t very common. In most years, fewer than ten animal storms are reported around the world. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Animals sometimes fall from the sky. In Yoro, Honduras, it has rained silver fish many times. Scientists claim waterspouts and tornadoes can pick up animals from water, which are carried for miles by the storm. When the storms stop, the animals fall. The same thing also happened to other animals in other areas, but it’s still not that common. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Scientists claim waterspouts and tornadoes can pick up animals from water, which are carried for miles by the storm.运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。 [高分句型2] The same thing also happened to other animals in other areas, but it’s still not that common.用一个并列句对原文最后两段内容进行概括。 V. Translation（15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这款新发布的电子产品在速度和容量上比竞争对手的差得多。(inferior)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This newly-released electronic product is much inferior to its competitor’s in speed and capacity. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和短语。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“这款新发布的电子产品”用the newly-released electronic product，“比……差得多”用be much inferior to，主语是第三人称单数，be用is，“它的竞争对手（的产品）”为its competitors’，“在速度和容量上”用in speed and capacity。综上，故翻译为This newly-released electronic product is much inferior to its competitor’s in speed and capacity. 53. 我从未想到会和这位小有名气的网红一起滞留在机场。(occur)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It never occurred to me that I would be stuck at the airport with this micro-celebrity. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用与过去相关的时态，表示“某人从未想到”可以句型it never occurred to sb. that...，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，从句主语是I，从句表示站在过去看将来，应用过去将来时would do，“被困”用be stuck，“在机场”用at the airport，“和这个小有名气的网红”为with this micro-celebrity。故翻译为It never occurred to me that I would be stuck at the airport with this micro-celebrity. 54. 这些新推出的运动设备是否如广告宣传那样有所谓的保健功效，这仍有待观察。(remain) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It remains to be seen whether these newly launched sports equipment have the so-called health care effects as advertised. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句、固定短语及不定式。whether...or not表示“是否”，引导主语从句，“这些新推出的运动设备”译为these newly launched sports equipment，作从句主语且为复数，其中launched为过去分词作定语，从句谓语“有”译为have，从句宾语“所谓的保健功效”译为the so-called health care effects，“如广告宣传那样”译为as advertised，是方式状语，主语从句翻译为：whether these newly launched sports equipment have the so-called health care effects as advertised；It remain to be seen ...为固定短语，表示“……仍有待观察”，用it作形式主语，whether引导真正的主语从句，故译为It remains to be seen whether these newly launched sports equipment have the so-called health care effects as advertised. 55. 这条小河蜿蜒流淌，与世代居住于此的村民朝夕相伴，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(company)(汉译英) 【答案】The winding stream that keeps the villagers company, who have lived there for generations, is a witness of/has witnessed the constant changes of this village. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句，时态，名词和短语。主语是这条小河蜿蜒流淌，也就是这条蜿蜒流淌的小河，译为“The winding stream”，与村民朝夕相伴，用定语从句修饰名词小河，译为“that keeps the villagers company”，世代居住于此再用非限制性定语从句修饰先行词村民，进行补充说明，译为“who have lived there for generations”，主句谓语见证了，可以用一般现在时或者现在完成时，译为“is a witness of/has witnessed”，宾语村庄的日新月异，译为“the constant changes of this village”，故翻译为The winding stream that keeps the villagers company, who have lived there for generations, is a witness of/has witnessed the constant changes of this village.。 VI. Guided Writing（25分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生李明，你校学生会就成人仪式(Coming-of-age Ceremony)的活动内容向全校学生征求意见。你决定写一封邮件给学生会，表达你的意见，内容包括： 1.你建议成人仪式包含哪些活动； 2.你提出这些建议的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear chairperson, I’m Li Ming, a senior student in our school. Hearing that the Student Union is collecting students’ opinions for this year’s coming-of-age ceremony, I am writing to share my ideas. Firstly, I suggest that the ceremony should include a speech contest where students would deliver a speech on the responsibilities of adulthood. This would help participants understand the significance of assuming greater responsibilities. Secondly, I propose that we organize a community service activity where students would participate in volunteer work. This would help participants understand the importance of contributing to society and would also provide an opportunity for them to give back to the community. I hope my suggestions would contribute to making the Coming-of-Age Ceremony a memorable and meaningful experience for all participants. Thank you for considering my ideas. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学生会写一封邮件，表达自己对成人仪式的意见，内容包括：建议成人仪式包含哪些活动，提出这些建议的理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 意见：opinion→view 比赛：contest→competition 发表演讲：deliver a speech→give a lecture 参加：participate in→take part in 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m Li Ming, a senior student in our school. 拓展句：I’m Li Ming, who is a senior student in our school. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that the Student Union is collecting students’ opinions for this year’s coming-of-age ceremony, I am writing to share my ideas.(使用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句、不定式作目的状语) 【高分句型2】Firstly, I suggest that the ceremony should include a speech contest where students would deliver a speech on the responsibilities of adulthood.(使用了that引导宾语从句、where引导定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $