精品解析：安徽芜湖市2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试高一年级英语试题卷

2025—2026学年度第二学期期末考试（供选用） 高一年级英语试题卷 注意事项： 1．本卷共四部分，满分150分。考试时间120分钟 2．本试卷包括“试题卷”和“答题卷”两部分“试题卷”共8页，“答题卷”共2页 3．请务必在“答题卷”上答题，在“试题卷”上答题是无效的。 4．考试结束后，请将“试题卷”和“答题卷”一并交回 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分。满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有五个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. Why does the woman come to Mr. Wu? A. To ask for leave. B. To report a team task. C. To tell him about a family event. 2. What’s the man’s destination? A. Jiuzi Square. B. Zheshan Park. C. Zhongshan Rd. (N). 3. What does the woman think of the boy’s preparation? A. It is not enough. B. It is good enough. C. It needs more practice. 4. How does the man feel in the end? A. Angry. B. Hopeful. C. Disappointed. 5. Why does Lisa decide to use the china cup? A. It makes her feel at home. B. It is costly to use paper cups. C. It is good for the environment. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听下面的录音，回答第6和第7小题。 6. What is the woman worried about at first? A. Delay of the taxi. B. Limited time for packing. C. Change of the flight schedule. 7. How long will the woman’s flight take? A. 1.5 hours. B. 2.5 hours. C. 3.5 hours. 听下面的录音，回答第8至第10小题。 8. What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Writer and illustrator. B. Teacher and student. C. Director and actor. 9. Why does the man give suggestions? A. The drawings are not well drawn. B. He wants to add a specific scene. C. He dislikes the main characters. 10. What will the woman probably do next? A. Write the story Enemy by herself. B. Take photos of the old opera stage. C. Draw a picture of the two characters learning opera. 听下面的录音，回答第11至第13小题 11. What is Alex probably? A. A singer. B. A security officer. C. A seal trainer. 12. How will the man look for Alex? A. By making calls. B. By leaving a note. C. By sending a radio message. 13. Where will the man go first after work? A. To a milk tea shop. B. To his house. C. To a barber’s shop. 听下面的录音，回答第14至第17小题。 14. What’s the feature of city bookrooms? A. They are often closed on weekdays. B. They are mainly built in city centers. C. They provide free reading environments. 15. Why does the woman mention pocket parks? A. To introduce places for outdoor sports. B. To show they are good for daily relaxation. C. To explain how to build green spaces quickly. 16. What does the woman say about the night markets? A. They are mainly popular with foreign visitors. B. They provide fewer choices of food than before. C. They offer a pleasant way to spend the evening. 17. What is the conversation mainly about? A. Ways to spend free time in Wuhu. B. Improved public services in Wuhu. C. Different ideas on city development. 听下面的录音，回答第18至第20小题。 18. What makes Dr. Leo’s research stand out? A. Its creative research method. B. Its depth in brain science. C. Its practical use. 19. What did Dr. Leo do in 2018? A. He started a program. B. He published his first book. C. He won a professional prize. 20. Why does Dr. Leo continue to teach university students? A. To get more research samples. B. To help him develop new ideas. C. To gain the university’s support. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A City Art Museum Visitor Guide Welcome to City Art Museum. Our museum is home to more than 1,200 world-class artworks, including classic European oil paintings, traditional Chinese paintings and calligraphy, modern sculptures, and fantastic themed special exhibitions. To help you have a safe, comfortable and enjoyable visit, we offer a floor plan as well as detailed information about opening hours, ticket prices, main collections and all kinds of helpful services. Floor Plan Opening Hours Regular hours: Tuesday to Sunday 9:00-17:00 (last entry at 16:30) Closed on Mondays (except national public holidays) *Special Open Hours Hall 2 & Hall 5: open only 10:00-15:00 on Saturdays and Sundays Hall 3: closed on the first Wednesday of every month All halls close 30 minutes earlier on the last Friday of each month Ticket Prices Adults: ¥40 per person Middle and high school students (with valid ID): ¥20 per person Children under 6 and seniors over 70: free Group tickets (15 people or more): 25% off Free admission for all on International Museum Day (May 18) Main Collections (*— Must-see) A (European Hall): 17th-19th century oil paintings* B (Traditional Chinese Hall): ancient paintings & calligraphy* C (Modern Sculpture Hall): creative modern sculptures* D (Photography Exhibition Hall): theme photography & new media art* E (Craft Art Hall): traditional handmade artworks & intangible cultural heritage pieces* F (Watercolor & Print Hall): classic watercolor works & limited-edition prints* G (Glass Art Hall): delicate glass art pieces H (Temporary Exhibition Hall): seasonal themed exhibitions Services & Rules ●No food or drinks are allowed in any exhibition hall. ●Photos are allowed but camera flash and tripods are banned. ●Free guided tours start every hour at the Information Desk. 1. When is the best time to visit Hall 2 and Hall 5? A. At 9:30 Saturday. B. At 14:00 Sunday. C. At 15:30 Sunday. D. At 10:00 Monday. 2. How much should a group of 20 students pay in total? A. ¥400. B. ¥320. C. ¥300. D. ¥280. 3. Which might be the shortest route to enjoy all the must-see works from the Main Entrance? A. ACDFGBE B. ACGBEHD C. CADGFEB D. CABGDFE 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是城市美术馆参观指南，介绍开放时间、票价、必看馆藏展厅及参观服务规则，为游客提供完整参观参考信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Opening Hours板块“Hall 2 & Hall 5: open only 10:00-15:00 on Saturdays and Sundays.(二号展厅和五号展厅仅在周六、周日的10点至15点开放。)”可知，周日14点在二号展厅和五号展厅的开放时段内。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ticket Prices板块“Middle and high school students (with valid ID): ¥20 per person；Group tickets (15 people or more): 25% off.(初高中学生凭有效证件每人20元；15人及以上团体票享7.5折优惠。)”可知，学生单人票价20元，20人原价400元，七五折后300元。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据Floor Plan中的图表可知：从左边入口进入，依次参观A. 欧洲油画厅、C. 现代雕塑厅、D. 摄影展厅、F. 水彩版画厅、G. 玻璃艺术厅、B. 中国传统书画厅、E. 工艺美术馆。这条路线完整覆盖全部必看展厅，而且是最短的路线。 B 15-year-old Cassandra Lin admires ordinary yet unexpected heroes. Inspired by a story about a Malawian boy who built windmills from bicycle parts to power his village, she created an award-winning recycling program in her hometown, Westerly, Rhode Island. This program, Project TGIF (Turn Grease Into Fuel), encourages local people and restaurants to recycle used cooking oil, which is then processed into biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel. The money earned from the program is donated to help heat the homes of needy people in Westerly. That’s exactly what this persistent tenth grader has done. For her, however, it’s just something she does happily with her friends after school. To make the project successful, Cassandra and her team educated themselves thoroughly on the biodiesel refining (提炼) process involving turning used cooking oil into clean, usable fuel through a series of chemical steps. They made their own biodiesel with proper safety measures, got two different youth start-up funds, and persuaded community leaders to support the initiative. They discerned a non-sustainable emergency heating program and the issue of pouring used fats and oils down into drains as key problems in their community. “All of our problems have snowballed together,” Cassandra said. She and her team puzzled over how to combine these problems to get a one-off solution. An article on collecting and recycling cooking oil settled the problem. Cassandra’s leadership, foresight, logical thinking, and creativity were central to the success of TGIF. Her enthusiasm and energy have motivated many to join her cause. Despite her great achievements, Cassandra stays down-to-earth, viewing her efforts as just part of her after-school activities. When reminded that she is featured on social media as a member of the Tunza International Youth Conference on Climate Change in R. O. Korea, keeping a low profile, she responds, “Am I?” 4. What is the aim of Project TGIF? A. To encourage the locals to lead a healthy life. B. To provide science education for teenagers. C. To reduce the use of cooking oil in Westerly. D. To find a green way to process used cooking oil. 5. What does the underlined word “discerned” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Identified. B. Solved. C. Created. D. Predicted. 6. How did Cassandra and her team solve the community’s problems? A. By asking the government for emergency funds. B. By combining different problems into one solution. C. By stopping restaurants from pouring oil into drains. D. By donating money to build windmills in Malawi. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Cassandra? A. Strict and quiet. B. Enthusiastic and honest. C. Creative and modest. D. Humorous and brave. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了15岁的Cassandra Lin发起的Project TGIF，通过回收烹饪油转化为生物柴油，帮助贫困家庭取暖的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“This program, Project TGIF (Turn Grease Into Fuel), encourages local people and restaurants to recycle used cooking oil, which is then processed into biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel.(该项目名为TGIF (将油脂转化为燃料)，鼓励居民和当地餐馆回收用过的食用油，然后将其加工成生物柴油。)”可知，项目TGIF的目的是回收用过的食用油，然后将其加工成生物柴油，即找到一种绿色的方法来处理使用过的烹饪油。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词后文的内容“a non-sustainable emergency heating program and the issue of pouring used fats and oils down into drains as key problems in their community.(社区的关键问题包括一个不可持续的紧急供暖项目，以及人们将废弃油脂倒入下水道的问题。)”可知，后文提到社区的两个关键的问题，故此处划线词discerned与A项“Identified(发现，识别，认为是)”意思相近，即他们把“不可持续的紧急供暖项目”和“人们将废弃油脂倒入下水道”视为社区的关键问题。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She and her team puzzled over how to combine these problems to get a one-off solution. An article on collecting and recycling cooking oil settled the problem.(她和团队思考着如何把这些问题结合起来，找到一个一举多得的解决方案。一篇关于收集和回收食用油的文章解决了这个难题。)”可知，她们是把问题联系起来，用一个方案同时解决。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Cassandra’s leadership, foresight, logical thinking, and creativity were central to the success of TGIF.(Cassandra的领导力、远见、逻辑思维和创造力是TGIF项目成功的关键。)”可知，Cassandra的创造力是项目成功的关键，即她是一个有创造力的人；再根据文章最后一段“Despite her great achievements, Cassandra stays down-to-earth, viewing her efforts as just part of her after-school activities.(尽管取得了巨大成就，Cassandra仍然保持脚踏实地，把自己的努力仅仅看作是她课外活动的一部分。)”可知，尽管Cassandra取得了巨大的成就，但她认为自己的努力只是课外活动的一部分，故可推知Cassandra是个谦虚的人。 C From Tiger Moms to French Mamas, parents around the world have long argued over the best way to raise their children. A new study adds fresh evidence that extreme “Mom” authoritarian parenting may do more harm than good. The study found that authoritarian parents are significantly more likely to raise disrespectful children with violent behaviors, compared to parents who listen to their kids to build trust. This is the first study to examine how parenting styles shape teens’ views of their parents and, in turn, their daily behavior. Researchers categorize parenting into three broad types based on demand and responsiveness. Authoritative parents are demanding and set clear rules, but they are also warm, caring and responsive to their children’s needs. Authoritarian parents, by contrast, are equally demanding and controlling, but they show little warmth, affection or openness to their kids’ opinions, taking a “my way or the highway” approach. Permissive parents are warm and accepting, but they set few boundaries and rarely enforce rules consistently. Using data from nearly 600 middle and high school students in New Hampshire, from a long-term study of adolescent development, University of New Hampshire researchers found that “my way or the highway” parenting was strongly linked to violent behaviors including robbery, drug use and intentional physical attacks. Firm but loving authoritative parenting, however, resulted in significantly fewer lawbreaking teens. Surprisingly, permissive parenting showed almost no clear positive or negative effect on teens’ behavioral outcomes. To explain this link, researchers said the most important factor is whether children view their parents’ authority as reasonable. This belief develops when kids trust that their parents are making decisions in their best interest, even if they disagree with the rules. When kids respect parental authority genuinely, their behavior improves. Previous studies have also linked firm but caring parenting to better self-control and independence. “When children see their parents as reliable figures, they feel a duty to follow the rules,” said lead researcher Pick Trinkner. “This means parents do not need to rely on rewards and punishments to control behavior, and children will still obey rules even when parents are not present.” 8. What is the main difference between authoritative parents and authoritarian ones? A. Authoritative parents set no rules; authoritarian ones set extremely strict rules. B. Authoritative parents use rewards and punishments; authoritarian ones rely on force. C. Authoritative parents are demanding yet caring; authoritarian ones controlling, not warm. D. Authoritative parents trust their kids completely; authoritarian ones distrust them entirely. 9. What can we infer about permissive parenting from the third paragraph? A. It helps build the closest parent-child relationship. B. It is the most effective way to raise kids with independence. C. It results in as many violent behaviors as authoritarian parenting. D. It has less negative impact on teens’ behavior than authoritarian parenting. 10. Which of the following would Pick Trinkner most probably agree with? A. Kids will never follow rules when their parents are not around. B. Kids’ respect for parental power comes from their trust in parents. C. Rewards and punishments are the best way to control kids’ behavior. D. Kids’ behavioral development depends on rewards and punishments. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Which Parenting Style Works Best? B. Tiger Moms Are Better Than French Mamas. C. The Harm of Authoritarian Parenting to Teenagers. D. How to Raise Respectful and Non-violent Children. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文通过一项最新研究，对比分析了权威型、专制型和放任型三种典型教养方式对青少年行为的不同影响，指出极端专制教养弊大于利，坚定又充满关爱的权威型教养更有利于孩子成长，探讨了何种教养方式才更有效。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Authoritative parents are demanding and set clear rules, but they are also warm, caring and responsive to their children’s needs. Authoritarian parents, by contrast, are equally demanding and controlling, but they show little warmth, affection or openness to their kids’ opinions, taking a “my way or the highway” approach.(权威型父母对孩子有要求且设定明确规则，但他们也热情体贴，会回应孩子的需求。相反，专制型父母同样有要求、控制欲强，但对孩子的想法几乎不展现温暖、关爱或包容，采取“要么听我的，要么走人”的方式)可知，权威型父母有要求同时关爱孩子，专制型父母控制欲强，不够温暖，这就是二者的主要区别。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段““my way or the highway” parenting was strongly linked to violent behaviors including robbery, drug use and intentional physical attacks...permissive parenting showed almost no clear positive or negative effect on teens’ behavioral outcomes.(“要么听我的，要么走人”式教养与抢劫、吸毒和故意人身攻击等暴力行为密切相关……放任型教养对青少年行为结果几乎没有明显的积极或消极影响)可知，专制型教养对青少年行为有显著负面影响，放任型教养没有明显消极影响，因此可推知放任型教养比专制型教养对青少年行为的负面影响更小。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“When children see their parents as reliable figures, they feel a duty to follow the rules(当孩子将父母视为可靠的人时，他们就会觉得遵守规则是自己的责任)”和第四段“the most important factor is whether children view their parents’ authority as reasonable. This belief develops when kids trust that their parents are making decisions in their best interest(最重要的因素是孩子是否认为父母的权威合理。当孩子相信父母所做的决定是为了他们的最大利益时，这种认知就会逐渐形成)”可推知，孩子对父母权威的尊重源自对父母的信任，这符合首席研究员皮克·特林克纳的观点。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study adds fresh evidence that extreme “Mom” authoritarian parenting may do more harm than good. The study found that authoritarian parents are significantly more likely to raise disrespectful children with violent behaviors, compared to parents who listen to their kids to build trust.(一项新研究提供了新的证据，表明极端专制的“虎妈式”教养可能弊大于利。研究发现，与愿意倾听孩子、建立信任的父母相比，专制型父母培养出无礼、有暴力行为孩子的可能性要大得多)，结合后文对三种不同教养方式结果的对比分析可知，全文围绕不同教养方式展开讨论，对比了不同教养方式的效果，核心是探究哪一种教养方式效果更好。选项A“哪种教养方式最好？”适合做本文标题。 D What do astronauts and office workers have in common? More than you might think. A 2026 health study suggests that the exercise astronauts use to fight muscle loss in space can help ordinary people slow down aging and reduce back pain. In space, microgravity causes muscles and bones to weaken at a rapid rate — essentially a form of rapid aging. Research shows that astronauts can experience significant muscle decline in just a matter of months, a process that mirrors what happens to ordinary people over decades of sitting and inactive living. To fight against this, astronauts perform special light exercises that target their deepest core muscles, not the outer stomach muscles most people work on at the gym. Dr. Sarah Mitchell, who led the study, explains: “The muscle loss astronauts experience in months is similar to what happens to normal people over decades of sitting and aging. Scientists have long known that microgravity speeds up physical decline, but our research found that the same exercises that protect astronauts can also benefit those of us on Earth.” So if the astronauts’ routine exercise can turn around their muscle loss, it might also slow down ours. The key lies in activating two small, deep muscles: the multifidus (多裂肌) and transversus abdominis (腹横肌). These muscles act like a natural belt, supporting the backbone. When these muscles become weak, people suffer from back pain, poor body position, and faster physical decline. Traditional exercises like sit-ups often fail to activate them effectively. The study recommends three simple habits: sitting in a chair without leaning back, standing while on phone calls, and practicing balance exercises for just five minutes a day. These ‘anti-gravity’ actions work by keeping deep core muscles constantly but gently activated — similar to how astronauts maintain muscle function in space without heavy equipment. Participants who followed the routine for eight weeks reported significantly less back pain and felt more energetic. Unlike hard workouts that require special equipment and much time, this approach fits easily into daily life. Even small efforts can produce meaningful results. 12. Why do astronauts need to do special light exercises in space? A. To train their outer stomach muscles as in a gym. B. To stop the rapid weakening of muscles and bones. C. To prepare themselves for heavy equipment training. D. To improve their balance before returning to Earth. 13. What can we learn about deep core muscles from Dr. Mitchell’s study? A. They are easy to activate by doing traditional sit-ups. B. They stop working gradually under microgravity conditions. C. They are the main muscles trained in common gym workouts. D. Their condition is closely connected with people’s physical health. 14. What do we know about the three simple habits from the last two paragraphs? A. They require users to maintain special body positions for a long time. B. They were developed for astronauts and then directly given to people. C. Their effectiveness was supported by reports from real participants. D. They work best when combined with traditional gym workouts. 15. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare the daily lives of astronauts and office workers. B. To explain how microgravity affects the human body in space. C. To introduce a space-inspired method for improving physical health. D. To advertise a new exercise program that requires special equipment. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了太空微重力会让宇航员肌肉骨骼快速衰退，研究发现宇航员锻炼深层核心肌的方法适用于普通人，三个日常小动作可护脊柱、缓解背痛、延缓衰老。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In space, microgravity causes muscles and bones to weaken at a rapid rate — essentially a form of rapid aging. Research shows that astronauts can experience significant muscle decline in just a matter of months, a process that mirrors what happens to ordinary people over decades of sitting and inactive living. To fight against this, astronauts perform special light exercises that target their deepest core muscles, not the outer stomach muscles most people work on at the gym.(在太空中，微重力会导致肌肉和骨骼迅速变弱，本质上是一种快速衰老的过程。研究表明，宇航员仅需数月时间即可出现明显的肌肉衰退，这一过程与普通人长期久坐、缺乏活动所经历的衰老类似。为了应对这一问题，宇航员会进行专门的轻度锻炼，重点训练核心深层肌肉，而非大多数人去健身房锻炼的腹部外侧肌肉)”可知，宇航员在太空中需要进行特殊的轻度锻炼是为了防止肌肉和骨骼迅速退化。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“These muscles act like a natural belt, supporting the backbone. When these muscles become weak, people suffer from back pain, poor body position, and faster physical decline.(这些肌肉像一条天然的腰带，支撑着脊柱。当这些肌肉变得虚弱时，人们就会出现背痛、身体姿势不良以及身体机能加速退化等问题)”可知，深层核心肌群的状况与人们的身体健康密切相关。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Participants who followed the routine for eight weeks reported significantly less back pain and felt more energetic.(坚持该锻炼方案八周的参与者报告称，背痛明显减少，感觉更有活力)”可知，三种简单习惯的有效性得到了真实参与者报告的支持。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“What do astronauts and office workers have in common? More than you might think. A 2026 health study suggests that the exercise astronauts use to fight muscle loss in space can help ordinary people slow down aging and reduce back pain.(宇航员和办公室职员有什么共同点？比你想象的还要多。一项2026年的健康研究显示，宇航员为对抗太空中的肌肉流失而进行的锻炼，可能有助于普通人延缓衰老并减轻背痛)”结合文章主要说明了太空微重力会让宇航员肌肉骨骼快速衰退，研究发现宇航员锻炼深层核心肌的方法适用于普通人，三个日常小动作可护脊柱、缓解背痛、延缓衰老。可知，文章的目的是介绍一种以太空为灵感的改善身体健康的方法。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cybersecurity: A Shared Responsibility in the Digital Age The Internet has become an essential part of modern life, connecting people, businesses and governments across the globe. ____16____ However, this convenience comes with hidden dangers, such as data leaks, cyber fraud and hacking attacks. ____17____ It refers to the practice of protecting computers, networks and data from digital attacks. These attacks often aim to access, change or destroy sensitive information, or extort money from users. For individuals, cybersecurity means protecting personal privacy and property. Simple habits can greatly reduce risks: using strong passwords, avoiding suspicious links, and not sharing ID numbers or bank details online. ____18____ Businesses also rely heavily on cybersecurity. A single data leak can lead to huge financial losses and damage to reputation. ____19____ They need to update security systems regularly and train employees to recognize potential threats. On a national level, cybersecurity is crucial to national security and social stability. Governments around the world are strengthening laws and building advanced defense systems. ____20____ In short, cybersecurity is not just a job for experts. It is a shared responsibility that requires efforts from individuals, businesses and governments. A. So what exactly is cybersecurity? B. Many people are still unaware of online risks. C. Being careful is the best way to protect ourselves. D. Cybercrime has increased rapidly in recent years. E. It also helps maintain public trust in digital services. F. We can shop, work and communicate online anytime. G. Therefore, companies must take strict security measures. 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. C 19. G 20. E 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了在数字时代，网络安全面临诸多威胁，它涵盖保护网络与数据免受攻击，并强调个人、企业及政府需共同承担维护责任。 【16题详解】 上文“The Internet has become an essential part of modern life, connecting people, businesses and governments across the globe. (互联网已成为现代生活的重要组成部分，连接着全球各地的人们、企业和政府。)”说明互联网的普及与连接作用。空处和前文为顺接关系，具体列举互联网带来的便利生活场景。所以F项“我们可以随时在线购物、工作和交流。”符合语境，承接前文互联网的普及性，自然引出后文转折提及的潜在风险。 【17题详解】 下文“It refers to the practice of protecting computers, networks and data from digital attacks. (它指的是保护计算机、网络和数据免受数字攻击的做法。)”是对某一概念的定义。空处应为引出该概念的设问句。所以A项“那么，网络安全究竟是什么？”符合语境，后文的It指代该选项中的“cybersecurity”，通过设问自然过渡到对网络安全概念的正式阐释。 【18题详解】 上文“Simple habits can greatly reduce risks: using strong passwords, avoiding suspicious links, and not sharing ID numbers or bank details online. (简单的习惯就能大大降低风险：使用强密码、避开可疑链接、不在网上分享身份证号或银行信息。)”列举了个人防护的具体做法。空处是对这些做法的总结，强调谨慎的重要性。所以C项“保持谨慎是保护我们自己最好的方式。”符合语境。 【19题详解】 上文“A single data leak can lead to huge financial losses and damage to reputation. (一次数据泄露就可能导致巨大的经济损失和声誉损害。)”指出了企业面临的严重后果。下文“They need to update security systems regularly and train employees to recognize potential threats. (他们需要定期更新安全系统，并培训员工识别潜在威胁。)”提出了企业的应对措施。空处承上启下，应得出企业必须采取严格措施的结论。所以G项“因此，公司必须采取严格的安全措施。”符合语境。 【20题详解】 上文“Governments around the world are strengthening laws and building advanced defense systems. (世界各国政府正在加强立法并建立先进的防御系统。)”说明了国家层面的行动。空处应进一步阐述这些行动带来的积极影响或目的。E项“这也有助于维持公众对数字服务的信任。”中的“also”承接上文，说明除了保障国家安全外的另一益处，符合语境。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On a bright Saturday morning, I took part in a volunteer beach cleanup at Jawbone Marine Sanctuary. I joined in the activity ____21____ because my friend invited me, rather than having a real ____22____ for ocean protection. At first sight, the broad beach seemed neat and clean. Yet as we ____23____ along the shore, we discovered all kinds of ____24____. Countless plastic pieces lay hidden under seashells, and ____25____ shoes and old tyres were half-buried in the sand dunes. I worked slowly at the beginning, feeling ____26____ and hoping to finish early. Everything changed when I ____27____ a sea turtle shell trapped inside a plastic bag. I couldn’t stop thinking about how many sea animals ____28____ plastic for food or get caught in such rubbish. Deeply touched, I ____29____ myself into the work wholeheartedly. By mid-morning, our team had _____30_____ more than 180 kilograms of litter in total. Looking at the huge pile of waste, I felt ashamed of people’s careless acts. Meanwhile, I felt proud that we had made a small _____31_____. I came to realize that cleaning beaches is more than just clearing away rubbish. It is an act of _____32_____ for the planet we all share. This meaningful experience _____33_____ my way of thinking. I used to believe one person could hardly have any impact. Now I understand that small efforts can _____34_____ great changes. From then on, I formed a good habit. I always carry _____35_____ bags and never litter. I will keep doing my best to protect the marine environment. 21. A. namely B. nearly C. simply D. hardly 22. A. request B. passion C. preference D. courage 23. A. rushed B. stormed C. walked D. sailed 24. A. treasures B. goods C. plastics D. waste 25. A. worn B. burned C. decorated D. cheap 26. A. nervous B. surprised C. bored D. relaxed 27. A. searched B. spotted C. examined D. observed 28. A. prepare B. select C. exchange D. mistake 29. A. got B. turned C. threw D. devoted 30. A. collected B. picked C. sorted D. moved 31. A. difference B. point C. deal D. wish 32. A. waiting B. caring C. hoping D. asking 33. A. balanced B. controlled C. transformed D. fixed 34. A. come down to B. add up to C. result from D. rely on 35. A. available B. common C. cheap D. reusable 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】文章通过叙述作者从被动参与海滩清理到主动投身环保的转变过程，说明亲身经历和亲眼所见能激发人的环保意识，而每个人的小小行动都能为保护地球带来积极改变。 【21题详解】 考查副词。句意：我加入这个活动仅仅是因为朋友的邀请，而不是对保护海洋有着真正的热情。A. namely也就是；B. nearly几乎，差不多；C. simply仅仅，只是；D. hardly几乎不。根据后文“rather than having a real for ocean protection.”可知，作者参加这个活动仅仅是因为朋友的邀请。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. request请求；B. passion热情，热爱；C. preference偏爱；D. courage勇气。根据后文“I worked slowly at the beginning”推测，作者参加这个活动不是因为对保护海洋的热情。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而当我们沿着海岸行走时，我们发现了各种各样的废弃物。A. rushed冲；B. stormed突袭，猛冲；C. walked行走；D. sailed航行。根据后文“we discovered all kinds of . Countless plastic pieces lay hidden under seashells, and shoes and old tyres were half-buried in the sand dunes.”可知，他们发现了很多废弃物，因此他们是沿着海岸行走时发现的。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. treasures珍宝；B. goods商品；C. plastics塑料制品；D. waste废弃物。根据后文“Countless plastic pieces lay hidden under seashells, and shoes and old tyres were half-buried in the sand dunes.”可知，后文具体提到了塑料碎片、鞋子、旧轮胎等，这些都是废弃物。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：无数的塑料碎片藏在贝壳下，破旧的鞋子和旧轮胎半埋在沙丘中。A. worn穿旧的，磨破的；B. burned烧焦的；C. decorated装饰过的；D. cheap便宜的。此处与“old tyres”并列，描述被遗弃的垃圾，故此处指破旧鞋子。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：刚开始我干得很慢，感到无聊并希望早点结束。A. nervous紧张的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. bored无聊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据后文“and hoping to finish early”可知，作者想早点结束，因此是觉得很无聊。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我发现一个海龟壳被困在塑料袋里时，一切都变了。A. searched搜索；B. spotted发现，认出；C. examined检查；D. observed观察。根据空后“a sea turtle shell trapped inside a plastic bag”可知，指作者发现了被困在塑料袋里的海龟壳，spot强调偶然看到或发现。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：我忍不住想有多少海洋动物会把塑料误认为食物，或者被这样的垃圾缠住。A. prepare准备；B. select选择；C. exchange交换；D. mistake弄错，误认。根据后文“plastic for food”可知，此处指海洋动物将塑料误认为食物，mistake...for...意为“把……误认为……”。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：深受触动后，我全身心地投入到工作中。A. got得到；B. turned转变；C. threw扔；D. devoted投入，奉献。根据前文“Deeply touched”可知，作者看到被困在塑料袋里的海龟壳后，深受触动，因此便全身心投入到工作中，throw oneself into意为“投身于”。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：到上午中段，我们的团队总共收集了超过180公斤的垃圾。A. collected收集；B. picked捡起；C. sorted分类；D. moved移动。根据前文“I took part in a volunteer beach cleanup at Jawbone Marine Sanctuary.”可知，作者参加的是海滩清理活动，故此处为收集垃圾。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：同时我感到自豪，因为我们产生了微小的影响。 A. difference差异，影响；B. point要点；C. deal交易；D. wish愿望。根据前文“Looking at the huge pile of waste”可知，作者看着自己和朋友们收集起来堆成山的垃圾，感到自豪，因为他们对海洋环境产生了微小的影响，make a difference意为“有影响，起作用”。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：这是对我们共同拥有的这个星球的一种关爱行为。A. waiting等待；B. caring关心，关爱；C. hoping希望；D. asking询问。根据前文“I came to realize that cleaning beaches is more than just clearing away rubbish.”可知，作者意识到自己参加的这次活动不仅仅是清理垃圾，而是一种关爱我们居住的星球的行为。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：这次有意义的经历改变了我的思维方式。A. balanced平衡；B. controlled控制；C. transformed转变，改变；D. fixed修理。根据后文“I used to believe one person could hardly have any impact. Now I understand that small efforts can great changes.”可知，作者过去认为个人难以产生影响，现在明白了小努力可以带来大变化，因此作者的思维方式被改变了。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：现在我明白了小小的努力可以累积成巨大的变化。A. come down to归结为；B. add up to累积成；C. result from由……引起；D. rely on依赖。根据前文“I used to believe one person could hardly have any impact. Now I understand that small efforts”可知，作者过去认为个人难以产生影响，但现在却明白了小努力能累积成大变化。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从那时起，我总是携带可重复使用的袋子，从不乱扔垃圾。A. available可获得的；B. common普通的；C. cheap便宜的；D. reusable可重复使用的。根据后文“I will keep doing my best to protect the marine environment.”可知，作者会一直努力保护海洋环境，因此为了保护环境，作者会携带可重复使用的袋子。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the Spring Festival, Zhanqi, an ancient village in Anhui, became world-famous ____36____ its 800-year-old fish lantern shows. At night, vivid fish-shaped lanterns sway gently, winning great ____37____ (popular) among people at home and abroad. Zheng Dongjiao, who once struggled to make a living in metropolises, ____38____ (eventual) came back home. ____39____ worried him most was that the precious folk custom might fade away, because most young ____40____ (resident) had left and the elderly could no longer carry it on. As the leader of the lantern parade, Zheng called back young villagers, standardized dance moves and promoted the culture via livestreaming. The fish lanterns now serve as an emotional bond, ____41____ (draw) back young locals and attracting tourists to learn about traditional Chinese culture. Originally, the lantern parade ____42____ (hold) to pray for safety. But nowadays, it stands for people’s wishes for health and happiness. ____43____ (list) as a provincial intangible cultural heritage in 2022, it has greatly boosted local tourism. The local government ____44____ (aim) to develop this tradition into a sustainable industry. It will pass down valuable cultural heritage and help villagers live a better life, making _____45_____ ancient charm last forever. 【答案】36. for 37. popularity 38. eventually 39. What 40. residents 41. drawing 42. was held 43. Listed 44. aims 45. the 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍了安徽歙县瞻淇村的鱼灯表演这一传统习俗，及其传承、文化内涵和当地对其的保护与发展规划。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：春节期间，安徽古村瞻淇凭借拥有八百年历史的鱼灯表演火遍全球。短语become/be world-famous for表示“因……而世界闻名”。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：夜晚，鲜艳的鱼形灯笼轻轻摇曳，深受国内外人们喜爱。作动词win的宾语，用名词popularity。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：曾在各大城市艰难打拼谋生的郑东娇，最终选择回到了故乡。修饰动词came用副词eventually。 【39题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：最让他担忧的是，珍贵的民间习俗可能会逐渐消失，因为大多数年轻居民已经离开，而老年人也无法再传承下去。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what，首字母大写。 【40题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：最让他担忧的是，珍贵的民间习俗可能会逐渐消失，因为大多数年轻居民已经离开，而老年人也无法再传承下去。根据上文most可知resident用复数形式，作主语。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：鱼形灯笼如今成为了一种情感纽带，吸引着年轻居民返乡，并吸引游客前来了解中国传统文化。主语fish lanterns和draw是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 【42题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：最初，灯笼游行是为了祈求平安。主语parade与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2022年被列为省级非物质文化遗产，极大地促进了当地旅游业的发展。此处it与list构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。 【44题详解】 考查时态。句意：地方政府旨在将这一传统发展为可持续的产业。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语government为单数，谓语用三单形式。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它将传承宝贵的文化遗产，帮助村民过上更好的生活，让古老的魅力永存。特指前文提到的瞻淇鱼灯民俗的古老魅力，，定冠词the修饰ancient charm。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，近期在伦敦旅游时发现多处景区中文标识翻译错误。请你在伦敦旅游局（Visit London）官方网站上留言，内容包括： （1）反映该问题； （2）提出合理建议。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Li Hua, a tourist from China. During my visit to London recently, I noticed many translation mistakes in Chinese signs at scenic spots. Some expressions are even misleading, which may bring inconvenience to Chinese tourists and affects the city’s image. I sincerely hope your department can check all public Chinese signs carefully. It would be better to invite professional translators to revise them. More accurate translations will help visitors better understand your culture and enjoy the tour. Thank you for your attention and understanding. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以游客李华的身份，在官网留言反映伦敦景区中文标识翻译错误的问题并提出改进建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 影响：affect→impact 真诚地：sincerely→genuinely 精确的：accurate→precise 理解：understand→comprehend 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：During my visit to London recently, I noticed many translation mistakes in Chinese signs at scenic spots. 拓展句：What I found during my recent visit to London is that many Chinese signs at scenic spots have translation mistakes. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Some expressions are even misleading, which may bring inconvenience to Chinese tourists and affects the city’s image.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I sincerely hope your department can check all public Chinese signs carefully.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，that被省略） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Anand was playing with his younger brother in the backyard of his home. Suddenly, he noticed some sparrows were busy building nests. Two of them were building a nest on a decorative tree. Another pair was busy building a nest under the eaves (屋檐) of the roof, and the third pair was trying to build a nest among pipes on the wall. Both the brothers became interested and observed how these sparrows bring straws and dry grass to make their nests. Anand was a fourteen-year-old high school student. His ten-year-old brother Vinod studied in primary school. Both of them were clever boys. However, the father was not satisfied with Anand’s studies and hoped he could score more marks in math. Actually, Anand was weak in math, and he was a bit lazy and careless. His mother always told him he could do better if he put in more effort, while Anand said he was trying his hardest. It was Sunday morning, and the weather was fine. Anand, Vinod, and Grandfather were having tea in the backyard after breakfast. Vinod was looking at the wall where two sparrows were trying to set the straws and dry grass in the space between the pipe and the wall, but they failed. Every time the straw or dry grass fell down, the sparrows came down, picked it up, and again tried, but it fell down again. He said to Anand, “These two sparrows are still making their nest, while other sparrows have already made their nests.” Anand said, “I think these two sparrows don’t know how to make a nest.” The next morning, Vinod saw the sparrows were still trying to make a nest by arranging straws and grass, but all their attempts were going in vain. The next day, the whole family was away from home for two days to take part in a marriage ceremony in a nearby city. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Returning from the marriage ceremony, when Anand reached his room he heard the fluttering (振翼) of wings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “And this applies to you, too,” Anand’s mother said. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Returning from the marriage ceremony, when Anand reached his room, he heard the fluttering of wings. When he looked up, he saw the two sparrows flying over his head. To his amazement, a nearly completed nest was firmly built in the space between the conduit pipe and the wall. The sparrows had finally succeeded! He told his grandfather excitedly about it. The grandfather walked up to Anand with a smile and said, “I knew that these two sparrows would finish building their nest because they were working wholeheartedly and with full confidence. If one works wholeheartedly and with confidence, one will surely get success.” “And this applies to you, too,” Anand’s mother said. Anand looked at his mother. She continued, “If you want to do well in studies, you should study wholeheartedly and regularly.” Staring at the nest, Anand thought of the moments when the sparrows made repeated attempts and their final triumph. He nodded his head slowly, understanding the lesson the little birds had taught him. “You’re right, Mother,” he replied. From then on, he began his studies with a new attitude. Weeks later, Anand scored his highest mark ever in the math test. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索，文章讲述十四岁的安南数学薄弱，父母总劝他多努力。周日他和弟弟看到一对麻雀反复失败仍坚持筑巢，次日麻雀依旧不懈尝试，之后全家要外出参加婚礼。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，本段可以写安南回家发现麻雀筑巢成功，祖父借此告诉他全心投入、满怀信心终会成功。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，本段可以写母亲借麻雀之事劝安南用心踏实学习，安南醒悟后转变态度，数学取得有史以来最高分。 2.续写线索：安南回家——发现麻雀筑巢成功——祖父借此讲道理——母亲劝诫——安南醒悟——数学取得进步 3.词类激活： 行为类： 看见：see/spot/catch sight of 完成：finish/accomplish/complete 情绪类 惊讶：amazement/surprise/astonishment 兴奋地：excitedly/delightedly/cheerfully 【点睛】【高分句型1】If one works wholeheartedly and with confidence, one will surely get success.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 【高分句型2】Staring at the nest, Anand thought of the moments when the sparrows made repeated attempts and their final triumph.(运用了when引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年度第二学期期末考试（供选用） 高一年级英语试题卷 注意事项： 1．本卷共四部分，满分150分。考试时间120分钟 2．本试卷包括“试题卷”和“答题卷”两部分“试题卷”共8页，“答题卷”共2页 3．请务必在“答题卷”上答题，在“试题卷”上答题是无效的。 4．考试结束后，请将“试题卷”和“答题卷”一并交回 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分。满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有五个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. Why does the woman come to Mr. Wu? A. To ask for leave. B. To report a team task. C. To tell him about a family event. 2. What’s the man’s destination? A. Jiuzi Square. B. Zheshan Park. C. Zhongshan Rd. (N). 3. What does the woman think of the boy’s preparation? A. It is not enough. B. It is good enough. C. It needs more practice. 4. How does the man feel in the end? A. Angry. B. Hopeful. C. Disappointed. 5. Why does Lisa decide to use the china cup? A. It makes her feel at home. B. It is costly to use paper cups. C. It is good for the environment. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听下面的录音，回答第6和第7小题。 6. What is the woman worried about at first? A. Delay of the taxi. B. Limited time for packing. C. Change of the flight schedule. 7. How long will the woman’s flight take? A. 1.5 hours. B. 2.5 hours. C. 3.5 hours. 听下面的录音，回答第8至第10小题。 8. What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Writer and illustrator. B. Teacher and student. C. Director and actor. 9. Why does the man give suggestions? A. The drawings are not well drawn. B. He wants to add a specific scene. C. He dislikes the main characters. 10. What will the woman probably do next? A. Write the story Enemy by herself. B. Take photos of the old opera stage. C. Draw a picture of the two characters learning opera. 听下面的录音，回答第11至第13小题 11. What is Alex probably? A. A singer. B. A security officer. C. A seal trainer. 12. How will the man look for Alex? A. By making calls. B. By leaving a note. C. By sending a radio message. 13. Where will the man go first after work? A. To a milk tea shop. B. To his house. C. To a barber’s shop. 听下面的录音，回答第14至第17小题。 14. What’s the feature of city bookrooms? A. They are often closed on weekdays. B. They are mainly built in city centers. C. They provide free reading environments. 15. Why does the woman mention pocket parks? A. To introduce places for outdoor sports. B. To show they are good for daily relaxation. C. To explain how to build green spaces quickly. 16. What does the woman say about the night markets? A. They are mainly popular with foreign visitors. B. They provide fewer choices of food than before. C. They offer a pleasant way to spend the evening. 17. What is the conversation mainly about? A. Ways to spend free time in Wuhu. B. Improved public services in Wuhu. C. Different ideas on city development. 听下面的录音，回答第18至第20小题。 18. What makes Dr. Leo’s research stand out? A. Its creative research method. B. Its depth in brain science. C. Its practical use. 19. What did Dr. Leo do in 2018? A. He started a program. B. He published his first book. C. He won a professional prize. 20. Why does Dr. Leo continue to teach university students? A. To get more research samples. B. To help him develop new ideas. C. To gain the university’s support. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A City Art Museum Visitor Guide Welcome to City Art Museum. Our museum is home to more than 1,200 world-class artworks, including classic European oil paintings, traditional Chinese paintings and calligraphy, modern sculptures, and fantastic themed special exhibitions. To help you have a safe, comfortable and enjoyable visit, we offer a floor plan as well as detailed information about opening hours, ticket prices, main collections and all kinds of helpful services. Floor Plan Opening Hours Regular hours: Tuesday to Sunday 9:00-17:00 (last entry at 16:30) Closed on Mondays (except national public holidays) *Special Open Hours Hall 2 & Hall 5: open only 10:00-15:00 on Saturdays and Sundays Hall 3: closed on the first Wednesday of every month All halls close 30 minutes earlier on the last Friday of each month Ticket Prices Adults: ¥40 per person Middle and high school students (with valid ID): ¥20 per person Children under 6 and seniors over 70: free Group tickets (15 people or more): 25% off Free admission for all on International Museum Day (May 18) Main Collections (*— Must-see) A (European Hall): 17th-19th century oil paintings* B (Traditional Chinese Hall): ancient paintings & calligraphy* C (Modern Sculpture Hall): creative modern sculptures* D (Photography Exhibition Hall): theme photography & new media art* E (Craft Art Hall): traditional handmade artworks & intangible cultural heritage pieces* F (Watercolor & Print Hall): classic watercolor works & limited-edition prints* G (Glass Art Hall): delicate glass art pieces H (Temporary Exhibition Hall): seasonal themed exhibitions Services & Rules ●No food or drinks are allowed in any exhibition hall. ●Photos are allowed but camera flash and tripods are banned. ●Free guided tours start every hour at the Information Desk. 1. When is the best time to visit Hall 2 and Hall 5? A. At 9:30 Saturday. B. At 14:00 Sunday. C. At 15:30 Sunday. D. At 10:00 Monday. 2. How much should a group of 20 students pay in total? A. ¥400. B. ¥320. C. ¥300. D. ¥280. 3. Which might be the shortest route to enjoy all the must-see works from the Main Entrance? A. ACDFGBE B. ACGBEHD C. CADGFEB D. CABGDFE B 15-year-old Cassandra Lin admires ordinary yet unexpected heroes. Inspired by a story about a Malawian boy who built windmills from bicycle parts to power his village, she created an award-winning recycling program in her hometown, Westerly, Rhode Island. This program, Project TGIF (Turn Grease Into Fuel), encourages local people and restaurants to recycle used cooking oil, which is then processed into biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel. The money earned from the program is donated to help heat the homes of needy people in Westerly. That’s exactly what this persistent tenth grader has done. For her, however, it’s just something she does happily with her friends after school. To make the project successful, Cassandra and her team educated themselves thoroughly on the biodiesel refining (提炼) process involving turning used cooking oil into clean, usable fuel through a series of chemical steps. They made their own biodiesel with proper safety measures, got two different youth start-up funds, and persuaded community leaders to support the initiative. They discerned a non-sustainable emergency heating program and the issue of pouring used fats and oils down into drains as key problems in their community. “All of our problems have snowballed together,” Cassandra said. She and her team puzzled over how to combine these problems to get a one-off solution. An article on collecting and recycling cooking oil settled the problem. Cassandra’s leadership, foresight, logical thinking, and creativity were central to the success of TGIF. Her enthusiasm and energy have motivated many to join her cause. Despite her great achievements, Cassandra stays down-to-earth, viewing her efforts as just part of her after-school activities. When reminded that she is featured on social media as a member of the Tunza International Youth Conference on Climate Change in R. O. Korea, keeping a low profile, she responds, “Am I?” 4. What is the aim of Project TGIF? A. To encourage the locals to lead a healthy life. B. To provide science education for teenagers. C. To reduce the use of cooking oil in Westerly. D. To find a green way to process used cooking oil. 5. What does the underlined word “discerned” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Identified. B. Solved. C. Created. D. Predicted. 6. How did Cassandra and her team solve the community’s problems? A. By asking the government for emergency funds. B. By combining different problems into one solution. C. By stopping restaurants from pouring oil into drains. D. By donating money to build windmills in Malawi. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Cassandra? A. Strict and quiet. B. Enthusiastic and honest. C. Creative and modest. D. Humorous and brave. C From Tiger Moms to French Mamas, parents around the world have long argued over the best way to raise their children. A new study adds fresh evidence that extreme “Mom” authoritarian parenting may do more harm than good. The study found that authoritarian parents are significantly more likely to raise disrespectful children with violent behaviors, compared to parents who listen to their kids to build trust. This is the first study to examine how parenting styles shape teens’ views of their parents and, in turn, their daily behavior. Researchers categorize parenting into three broad types based on demand and responsiveness. Authoritative parents are demanding and set clear rules, but they are also warm, caring and responsive to their children’s needs. Authoritarian parents, by contrast, are equally demanding and controlling, but they show little warmth, affection or openness to their kids’ opinions, taking a “my way or the highway” approach. Permissive parents are warm and accepting, but they set few boundaries and rarely enforce rules consistently. Using data from nearly 600 middle and high school students in New Hampshire, from a long-term study of adolescent development, University of New Hampshire researchers found that “my way or the highway” parenting was strongly linked to violent behaviors including robbery, drug use and intentional physical attacks. Firm but loving authoritative parenting, however, resulted in significantly fewer lawbreaking teens. Surprisingly, permissive parenting showed almost no clear positive or negative effect on teens’ behavioral outcomes. To explain this link, researchers said the most important factor is whether children view their parents’ authority as reasonable. This belief develops when kids trust that their parents are making decisions in their best interest, even if they disagree with the rules. When kids respect parental authority genuinely, their behavior improves. Previous studies have also linked firm but caring parenting to better self-control and independence. “When children see their parents as reliable figures, they feel a duty to follow the rules,” said lead researcher Pick Trinkner. “This means parents do not need to rely on rewards and punishments to control behavior, and children will still obey rules even when parents are not present.” 8. What is the main difference between authoritative parents and authoritarian ones? A. Authoritative parents set no rules; authoritarian ones set extremely strict rules. B. Authoritative parents use rewards and punishments; authoritarian ones rely on force. C. Authoritative parents are demanding yet caring; authoritarian ones controlling, not warm. D. Authoritative parents trust their kids completely; authoritarian ones distrust them entirely. 9. What can we infer about permissive parenting from the third paragraph? A. It helps build the closest parent-child relationship. B. It is the most effective way to raise kids with independence. C. It results in as many violent behaviors as authoritarian parenting. D. It has less negative impact on teens’ behavior than authoritarian parenting. 10. Which of the following would Pick Trinkner most probably agree with? A. Kids will never follow rules when their parents are not around. B. Kids’ respect for parental power comes from their trust in parents. C. Rewards and punishments are the best way to control kids’ behavior. D. Kids’ behavioral development depends on rewards and punishments. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Which Parenting Style Works Best? B. Tiger Moms Are Better Than French Mamas. C. The Harm of Authoritarian Parenting to Teenagers. D. How to Raise Respectful and Non-violent Children. D What do astronauts and office workers have in common? More than you might think. A 2026 health study suggests that the exercise astronauts use to fight muscle loss in space can help ordinary people slow down aging and reduce back pain. In space, microgravity causes muscles and bones to weaken at a rapid rate — essentially a form of rapid aging. Research shows that astronauts can experience significant muscle decline in just a matter of months, a process that mirrors what happens to ordinary people over decades of sitting and inactive living. To fight against this, astronauts perform special light exercises that target their deepest core muscles, not the outer stomach muscles most people work on at the gym. Dr. Sarah Mitchell, who led the study, explains: “The muscle loss astronauts experience in months is similar to what happens to normal people over decades of sitting and aging. Scientists have long known that microgravity speeds up physical decline, but our research found that the same exercises that protect astronauts can also benefit those of us on Earth.” So if the astronauts’ routine exercise can turn around their muscle loss, it might also slow down ours. The key lies in activating two small, deep muscles: the multifidus (多裂肌) and transversus abdominis (腹横肌). These muscles act like a natural belt, supporting the backbone. When these muscles become weak, people suffer from back pain, poor body position, and faster physical decline. Traditional exercises like sit-ups often fail to activate them effectively. The study recommends three simple habits: sitting in a chair without leaning back, standing while on phone calls, and practicing balance exercises for just five minutes a day. These ‘anti-gravity’ actions work by keeping deep core muscles constantly but gently activated — similar to how astronauts maintain muscle function in space without heavy equipment. Participants who followed the routine for eight weeks reported significantly less back pain and felt more energetic. Unlike hard workouts that require special equipment and much time, this approach fits easily into daily life. Even small efforts can produce meaningful results. 12. Why do astronauts need to do special light exercises in space? A. To train their outer stomach muscles as in a gym. B. To stop the rapid weakening of muscles and bones. C. To prepare themselves for heavy equipment training. D. To improve their balance before returning to Earth. 13. What can we learn about deep core muscles from Dr. Mitchell’s study? A. They are easy to activate by doing traditional sit-ups. B. They stop working gradually under microgravity conditions. C. They are the main muscles trained in common gym workouts. D. Their condition is closely connected with people’s physical health. 14. What do we know about the three simple habits from the last two paragraphs? A. They require users to maintain special body positions for a long time. B. They were developed for astronauts and then directly given to people. C. Their effectiveness was supported by reports from real participants. D. They work best when combined with traditional gym workouts. 15. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare the daily lives of astronauts and office workers. B. To explain how microgravity affects the human body in space. C. To introduce a space-inspired method for improving physical health. D. To advertise a new exercise program that requires special equipment. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cybersecurity: A Shared Responsibility in the Digital Age The Internet has become an essential part of modern life, connecting people, businesses and governments across the globe. ____16____ However, this convenience comes with hidden dangers, such as data leaks, cyber fraud and hacking attacks. ____17____ It refers to the practice of protecting computers, networks and data from digital attacks. These attacks often aim to access, change or destroy sensitive information, or extort money from users. For individuals, cybersecurity means protecting personal privacy and property. Simple habits can greatly reduce risks: using strong passwords, avoiding suspicious links, and not sharing ID numbers or bank details online. ____18____ Businesses also rely heavily on cybersecurity. A single data leak can lead to huge financial losses and damage to reputation. ____19____ They need to update security systems regularly and train employees to recognize potential threats. On a national level, cybersecurity is crucial to national security and social stability. Governments around the world are strengthening laws and building advanced defense systems. ____20____ In short, cybersecurity is not just a job for experts. It is a shared responsibility that requires efforts from individuals, businesses and governments. A. So what exactly is cybersecurity? B. Many people are still unaware of online risks. C. Being careful is the best way to protect ourselves. D. Cybercrime has increased rapidly in recent years. E. It also helps maintain public trust in digital services. F. We can shop, work and communicate online anytime. G. Therefore, companies must take strict security measures. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On a bright Saturday morning, I took part in a volunteer beach cleanup at Jawbone Marine Sanctuary. I joined in the activity ____21____ because my friend invited me, rather than having a real ____22____ for ocean protection. At first sight, the broad beach seemed neat and clean. Yet as we ____23____ along the shore, we discovered all kinds of ____24____. Countless plastic pieces lay hidden under seashells, and ____25____ shoes and old tyres were half-buried in the sand dunes. I worked slowly at the beginning, feeling ____26____ and hoping to finish early. Everything changed when I ____27____ a sea turtle shell trapped inside a plastic bag. I couldn’t stop thinking about how many sea animals ____28____ plastic for food or get caught in such rubbish. Deeply touched, I ____29____ myself into the work wholeheartedly. By mid-morning, our team had _____30_____ more than 180 kilograms of litter in total. Looking at the huge pile of waste, I felt ashamed of people’s careless acts. Meanwhile, I felt proud that we had made a small _____31_____. I came to realize that cleaning beaches is more than just clearing away rubbish. It is an act of _____32_____ for the planet we all share. This meaningful experience _____33_____ my way of thinking. I used to believe one person could hardly have any impact. Now I understand that small efforts can _____34_____ great changes. From then on, I formed a good habit. I always carry _____35_____ bags and never litter. I will keep doing my best to protect the marine environment. 21. A. namely B. nearly C. simply D. hardly 22. A. request B. passion C. preference D. courage 23. A. rushed B. stormed C. walked D. sailed 24. A. treasures B. goods C. plastics D. waste 25. A. worn B. burned C. decorated D. cheap 26. A. nervous B. surprised C. bored D. relaxed 27. A. searched B. spotted C. examined D. observed 28. A. prepare B. select C. exchange D. mistake 29. A. got B. turned C. threw D. devoted 30. A. collected B. picked C. sorted D. moved 31. A. difference B. point C. deal D. wish 32. A. waiting B. caring C. hoping D. asking 33. A. balanced B. controlled C. transformed D. fixed 34. A. come down to B. add up to C. result from D. rely on 35. A. available B. common C. cheap D. reusable 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the Spring Festival, Zhanqi, an ancient village in Anhui, became world-famous ____36____ its 800-year-old fish lantern shows. At night, vivid fish-shaped lanterns sway gently, winning great ____37____ (popular) among people at home and abroad. Zheng Dongjiao, who once struggled to make a living in metropolises, ____38____ (eventual) came back home. ____39____ worried him most was that the precious folk custom might fade away, because most young ____40____ (resident) had left and the elderly could no longer carry it on. As the leader of the lantern parade, Zheng called back young villagers, standardized dance moves and promoted the culture via livestreaming. The fish lanterns now serve as an emotional bond, ____41____ (draw) back young locals and attracting tourists to learn about traditional Chinese culture. Originally, the lantern parade ____42____ (hold) to pray for safety. But nowadays, it stands for people’s wishes for health and happiness. ____43____ (list) as a provincial intangible cultural heritage in 2022, it has greatly boosted local tourism. The local government ____44____ (aim) to develop this tradition into a sustainable industry. It will pass down valuable cultural heritage and help villagers live a better life, making _____45_____ ancient charm last forever. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，近期在伦敦旅游时发现多处景区中文标识翻译错误。请你在伦敦旅游局（Visit London）官方网站上留言，内容包括： （1）反映该问题； （2）提出合理建议。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Anand was playing with his younger brother in the backyard of his home. Suddenly, he noticed some sparrows were busy building nests. Two of them were building a nest on a decorative tree. Another pair was busy building a nest under the eaves (屋檐) of the roof, and the third pair was trying to build a nest among pipes on the wall. Both the brothers became interested and observed how these sparrows bring straws and dry grass to make their nests. Anand was a fourteen-year-old high school student. His ten-year-old brother Vinod studied in primary school. Both of them were clever boys. However, the father was not satisfied with Anand’s studies and hoped he could score more marks in math. Actually, Anand was weak in math, and he was a bit lazy and careless. His mother always told him he could do better if he put in more effort, while Anand said he was trying his hardest. It was Sunday morning, and the weather was fine. Anand, Vinod, and Grandfather were having tea in the backyard after breakfast. Vinod was looking at the wall where two sparrows were trying to set the straws and dry grass in the space between the pipe and the wall, but they failed. Every time the straw or dry grass fell down, the sparrows came down, picked it up, and again tried, but it fell down again. He said to Anand, “These two sparrows are still making their nest, while other sparrows have already made their nests.” Anand said, “I think these two sparrows don’t know how to make a nest.” The next morning, Vinod saw the sparrows were still trying to make a nest by arranging straws and grass, but all their attempts were going in vain. The next day, the whole family was away from home for two days to take part in a marriage ceremony in a nearby city. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Returning from the marriage ceremony, when Anand reached his room he heard the fluttering (振翼) of wings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “And this applies to you, too,” Anand’s mother said. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $