Unit6 Fantastic friends 知识点总结2026-2027学年外研版七年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕“动物与自然”主题，通过分类表格、句型公式、语法全解等工具系统构建知识体系。重点词汇按课文板块分类呈现音标、搭配及例句，5大核心句型以“公式+课文原句+仿写”形式梳理，语法部分详解现在进行时结构、用法及分词规则，清晰呈现词汇、语法、写作等知识脉络与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“观点→事实”写作框架指导与文化意识渗透，如引导学生用“外貌-习性-灭绝原因-反思”结构介绍渡渡鸟，结合《山海经》神兽、搜救犬冰洁故事培养保护动物意识。自测题分基础过关（20题）和能力提升（10题），基础题强化词汇拼写与语法应用，提升题训练句型转换与语境理解，助力不同层次学生巩固语言能力，同时为教师提供精准教学支持。

外研版（2024新版）七年级上册 Unit 6 Fantastic friends 单元知识点总结 适用教材：外研版（2024新版）七年级上册 | 适用学段：初一上学期 | 资料类型：单元知识点总结 课标对接 【话题】动物与自然（Animals & Nature） 【语言技能】能读懂科普博客"Pigeon Surprise"；能用现在进行时描述正在发生的动作；能用 had better 表达建议；能运用"观点→事实"框架论证观点；能写一篇介绍某种动物的短文。 【文化意识】了解《山海经》中的神兽、鸽子惊人的导航能力、搜救犬冰洁的感人故事、渡渡鸟灭绝的警示，培养保护动物的意识。 【核心语法】现在进行时（结构/用法/分词规则/句式转换）、had better do、反身代词。 目录 一、重点词汇（55+核心词汇，按课文板块分类，含音标/词性/搭配/例句） 二、重点短语与固定搭配（30+高频短语，含辨析对比） 三、重点句型（5大核心句型，含公式+课文原句+仿写范例） 四、语法精讲（现在进行时全解 / had better do / 反身代词） 五、单元话题写作（介绍动物，含"观点→事实"框架+范文2篇） 六、易错点与难点突破（10大高频易错，含正误对比+原因分析） 七、文化常识与词根词缀（《山海经》神兽 / 鸽子趣闻 / 搜救犬冰洁 / 渡渡鸟 / 词缀） 八、单元自测（基础过关20题 + 能力提升10题） 附：参考答案与详细解析 一、重点词汇（Words） 1.1 动物知识竞赛 英文 音标 词性 中文 搭配/用法 fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ adj. 神奇的；极好的 = wonderful / amazing eagle /ˈiːɡl/ n. 老鹰 视力最远的动物 giraffe /dʒəˈrɑːf/ n. 长颈鹿 脖子最长的动物 elephant /ˈelɪfənt/ n. 大象 能记住信息（remember information） bee /biː/ n. 蜜蜂 有五只眼睛（five eyes） hummingbird /ˈhʌmɪŋbɜːd/ n. 蜂鸟 一天能吃掉与自身体重相当食物的鸟 weight /weɪt/ n. 重量 eat one's weight / v. weigh 称重 1.2 "Pigeon Surprise"课文词汇 英文 音标 词性 中文 搭配/重点信息 pigeon /ˈpɪdʒɪn/ n. 鸽子 课文主角 —— 从 boring 到 amazing view /vjuː/ n. 观点；看法 in one's view / change one's view boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ adj. 无聊的（修饰物） boring（物）≠ bored（人感到无聊） dirty /ˈdɜːti/ adj. 肮脏的 反义：clean droppings /ˈdrɒpɪŋz/ n. （鸟/兽的）粪便 常用复数 droppings knock around —— v.短语 悠闲地度过；闲逛 = hang around mirror /ˈmɪrə/ n. 镜子 look at oneself in the mirror recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认出；辨认出 recognise themselves in mirrors clever /ˈklevə/ adj. 聪明的 = smart research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n./v. 研究；调查 do research / online research kilometre /ˈkɪləmiːtə/ n. 千米 several thousand kilometres speed /spiːd/ n. 速度 at speeds of over 100 km per hour get lost —— v.短语 迷路 过去式 got lost surprise /səˈpraɪz/ n. 意想不到的事 get a surprise / to one's surprise feed /fiːd/ v. 喂养 过去式 fed itself /ɪtˈself/ pron. 它自己 反身代词 themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 它们自己 反身代词复数 1.3 动物帮手 & 渡渡鸟 英文 音标 词性 中文 搭配/用法 hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄 复数 heroes / rescue hero earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 合成词：earth + quake rescue /ˈreskjuː/ v./n. 救援 rescue workers / come to one's rescue missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 失踪的 = lost / find missing people sense /sens/ n. 感觉；感官 good sense of smell survivor /səˈvaɪvə/ n. 幸存者 v. survive 幸存 dodo /ˈdəʊdəʊ/ n. 渡渡鸟 已灭绝的鸟类 / as dead as a dodo 二、重点短语与固定搭配（Phrases） 短语 中文释义 例句 用法提示 knock around 悠闲度过；闲逛 They just knock around for the whole morning! = hang around the whole morning 整个上午 They knock around for the whole morning! whole 在限定词后 here and there 到处 Pigeon droppings are here and there. = everywhere get lost 迷路 Some can fly thousands of kilometres and don't get lost. = lose one's way at speeds of 以...的速度 They can fly at speeds of over 100 km per hour. speed 后加 s had better do 最好做某事 I'd better go and watch them again. = should / ought to be wrong about 在...方面错了 I was wrong about pigeons! be wrong about sb./sth. do research 做研究 I'm doing some online research. do + 研究 = 做研究 share...with... 与...分享/共享... We share the earth with animals. share sth. with sb. try one's best 尽力 Please try your best to help them. = do one's best as dead as a dodo 彻底消亡 This custom is as dead as a dodo. 英语习语 三、重点句型（Sentence Patterns） 编号 句型 功能 公式 / 课文原句 / 仿写 1 ...is/are doing... 描述正在进行的动作 公式：主语 + am/is/are + V-ing. 课文：A girl is feeding them. / That pigeon is looking at itself! 仿写：The dog is running after a ball. 2 I'd better do... 表达"最好做" 公式：主语 + had better + 动词原形. 课文：I'd better go and watch them again. 仿写：We'd better finish our homework first. 3 I was wrong about... 承认之前的错误看法 公式：主语 + be wrong about + sb./sth. 课文：I was wrong about pigeons! 仿写：I was wrong about him — he's actually very kind. 4 ...can...and don't... 描述能力 公式：主语 + can + A + and don't/doesn't + B. 课文：Some can fly several thousand kilometres and don't get lost. 仿写：Dogs can smell danger and don't make mistakes. 5 He used his...to... 描述利用能力做事 公式：主语 + use(s) + one's + 能力 + to do sth. 课文：He used his good sense of smell to find missing people. 仿写：The eagle uses its sharp eyes to see things far away. 四、语法精讲 —— 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense） 【中考考频】中考必考时态，每年 3-5 题，现在分词变化规则和句式转换是核心考点。 4.1 结构：主语 + am / is / are + V-ing（现在分词） 4.2 用法 用法 说明 例句 此刻正在进行 说话时正在发生的动作 A girl is feeding the pigeons right now. 现阶段持续 当前一段时间内持续的动作 I'm doing some online research these days. 生动描述 描述图片/场景中正在发生的事 Look! The pigeon is looking at itself! 4.3 现在分词（V-ing）构成规则 规则 示例 课文中的例子 一般情况：直接 +ing watch → watching, feed → feeding feeding, watching, looking 以不发音的 e 结尾：去 e +ing make → making, take → taking recognising, sharing 重读闭音节：双写末辅音+ing get → getting, swim → swimming getting lost 4.4 句式转换 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + V-ing She is reading a book. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + V-ing She isn't reading a book. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V-ing? Is she reading a book? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + V-ing? What is she doing? 4.5 时间标志词 now 现在 | right now 此刻 | Look! 看！ | Listen! 听！ | at the moment 此刻 | these days 这些天 4.6 had better do had better + 动词原形 = 最好做某事。否定：had better not do。缩写：I'd better / You'd better。 例：I'd better go now. / You'd better not be late. 4.7 反身代词 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself（我自己） ourselves（我们自己） 第二人称 yourself（你自己） yourselves（你们自己） 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves（他们自己） 五、单元话题写作（Writing） 5.1 写作任务：介绍渡渡鸟 模仿课文"As dead as a dodo"，写一篇短文介绍渡渡鸟（dodo），包括其外貌、习性及灭绝原因，并表达保护动物的感悟。 5.2 "观点→事实"写作框架 段落 内容 引导问题 & 可用句型 开头 动物名称+基本特征 What is the animal? Where did it live? → The dodo was a... / It lived on... 主体 外貌+习性 What did it look like? What could it do? → It had... / It couldn't fly... 转折 灭绝原因 Why did it become extinct? → However... / Because of... / As a result... 结尾 反思+警示 What can we learn? → The story of the dodo reminds us... / We should protect... 5.3 范文 【范文一】介绍渡渡鸟（基础版，约90词） The dodo was a large bird that lived on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It couldn't fly, and it had no natural enemies. However, when humans arrived on the island in the 16th century, things changed. They brought dogs, pigs and rats that ate the dodo's eggs. People also hunted dodos for food. As a result, the dodo became extinct around 1681. The story of the dodo is sad but important. It reminds us that we should protect animals before it is too late. "As dead as a dodo" means something is completely gone forever. 【范文二】介绍鸽子（提升版，约150词） My name is Li Hua. Today I want to talk about pigeons. They live in cities all around the world. At first, I thought pigeons were boring and dirty. They just knock around all day and leave droppings here and there. However, after doing some research, I was wrong about them! Pigeons can recognise themselves in mirrors — this means they are very clever. They can also fly several thousand kilometres and don't get lost. What's more, they can fly at speeds of over 100 km per hour. Now I know pigeons are amazing animals. We share the earth with them, so we should try our best to protect them. 六、易错点与难点突破（Common Mistakes） 编号 易错点 错误示例 正确写法 原因分析 1 boring vs bored × I am boring today. √ I am bored today. / The film is boring. -ed 表"感到"，-ing 表"令人" 2 现在进行时漏 be × He reading a book. √ He is reading a book. 现在进行时 = be + V-ing，缺一不可 3 现在分词去 e 规则 × makeing / takeing √ making / taking 以不发音 e 结尾，去 e + ing 4 重读闭音节忘双写 × geting / swiming √ getting / swimming 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加 ing 5 had better 后接 to do × You'd better to go. √ You'd better go. had better 后接动词原形，不加 to 6 hero 复数 × heros √ heroes 以 o 结尾，加 es 7 knife 复数 × knifes √ knives f/fe→ves（与 leaf 同规则，可类比记忆） 8 反身代词 oneself × by oneself ≠ oneself √ by oneself = 独自；oneself = 自己 by 加反身代词表"独自" 9 get lost 无 be × I am get lost. √ I get lost. get lost 是系表结构，get = become 10 whole 位置 × the my whole family √ my whole family whole 放在限定词后、名词前 七、文化常识与词根词缀（Culture Link & Word Building） 7.1 《山海经》中的神兽 《山海经》（Classic of Mountains and Seas）是中国古代神话地理著作，记载了大量奇珍异兽，如九尾狐（nine-tailed fox）、凤凰（phoenix）、麒麟（qilin）等。 7.2 鸽子趣闻 鸽子是地球上最被低估的动物之一。它们能识别镜子中的自己（只有少数动物有这种能力），能飞到 100km/h 以上，能飞几千公里不迷路（利用地球磁场导航）。在二战中，鸽子曾担任信使，拯救过数百人的生命。 7.3 搜救犬冰洁 冰洁（Bingjie）是一只搜救犬，在2008年汶川地震中救出13名幸存者。它利用出色的嗅觉在废墟中寻找失踪人员，日夜工作。冰洁于2021年去世，被誉为"救援英雄"。 7.4 渡渡鸟的警示 渡渡鸟（dodo）生活在毛里求斯岛，因不会飞且对人类没有戒心，在人类到达后不到100年即灭绝（1681年）。as dead as a dodo 已成为英语中表示"彻底消亡"的常用习语。 7.5 常见词根词缀 词缀/词根 含义 本单元例词 扩展词 -ing 现在分词/形容词后缀 boring, amazing, missing exciting, interesting, touching -ed 形容词后缀，"感到..." surprised excited, bored, interested, amazed -er 名词后缀，"做...的人/物" —— worker, teacher, cleaner, survivor -self/-selves 反身代词后缀 itself, themselves myself, yourself, himself, herself re- 前缀，"再次" recognise（认出）, research（研究） return, review, rewrite sur- 前缀，"超过；在上面" surprise（惊喜）, survivor（幸存者） surface（表面）, surround（包围） 八、单元自测（Self-check） （本部分为"学生版"，不含答案。参考答案与解析见附录。） 第一部分：基础过关（20题） 一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词（10分） 1. Pigeons are a______（神奇的）animals! I was wrong about them. 2. Pigeons can r______（认出）themselves in mirrors. 3. They can fly at s______（速度）of over 100 km per hour. 4. I'm doing some online r______（研究）about animals. 5. The dog is a rescue h______（英雄）. He saved many people. 6. Look! A girl is f______（喂养）the pigeons in the park. 7. Bingjie used his good s______（感觉）of smell to find m______（失踪的）people. 8. The dodo is as dead as a d______. It went extinct long ago. 9. We s______（分享）the earth with animals, so we should protect them. 10. I'd b______（最好）go and watch the pigeons again. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（5分） 11. Listen! The birds ______ (sing) in the tree. 12. — What are you doing? — I ______ (read) a book about animals. 13. Look! The pigeon ______ (look) at itself in the water. 14. They ______ (not play) football now. They are doing homework. 15. — Is she ______ (swim) in the pool? — Yes, she is. 三、用 boring 或 bored 填空（5分） 16. I thought pigeons were ______. But now I think they are amazing. 17. Henry was ______ at first, so he started doing research. 18. The movie was so ______ that I fell asleep. 19. I feel ______. Let's go out and play. 20. Pigeons are not ______ at all — they are very clever! 第二部分：能力提升（10题） 四、单项选择（5分） 21. — What's that noise? — The boys ______ a football match. A. watch B. are watching C. watched D. is watching 22. You'd better ______ too much time on video games. A. not spend B. not to spend C. don't spend D. not spending 23. The pigeon is looking at ______ in the mirror. A. it B. its C. itself D. it's 24. I ______ about pigeons. They are much cleverer than I thought. A. am wrong B. was wrong C. am wronged D. wronged 25. — ______ is the pigeon flying? — At speeds of over 100 km per hour. A. How long B. How fast C. How far D. How often 五、句型转换（5分） 26. She is feeding the pigeons.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ the pigeons. 27. The boys are playing football.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the boys ______ football? 28. They are running in the park.（对划线部分提问） ______ are they ______ in the park? 29. I thought pigeons were boring.（改为同义句，用 view） In ______ ______, pigeons were boring. 30. You should try your best.（改为同义句，用 had better） You ______ ______ try your best. 附录：参考答案与详细解析 基础过关答案 题号 答案 解析 1 amazing 描述事物"令人惊叹"用 -ing 形式。 2 recognise recognise themselves in mirrors = 在镜子中认出自己。 3 speeds at speeds of 固定搭配，speed 用复数。 4 research do research = 做研究。 5 hero 复数 heroes。 6 feeding Look!→现在进行时，feed→feeding。 7 sense; missing sense of smell = 嗅觉；missing = 失踪的。 8 dodo as dead as a dodo 固定习语。 9 share share...with... 固定搭配。 10 better I'd better = I had better。 11 are singing Listen!→现在进行时，birds 复数→are。 12 am reading 现在进行时。 13 is looking Look!→现在进行时，pigeon 单数→is。 14 aren't playing now→现在进行时否定。 15 swimming swim→swimming 双写 m。 16 boring 描述鸽子"令人无聊"→-ing。 17 bored Henry"感到无聊"→-ed。 18 boring 电影"令人无聊"→-ing。 19 bored I feel bored = 我感到无聊。 20 boring not boring at all = 一点也不无聊。 能力提升答案 题号 答案 解析 21 B 从 noise 判断正在发生→现在进行时；boys 复数→are。 22 A had better not + 动词原形。 23 C look at itself = 看它自己，反身代词。 24 B 过去认为错了→过去时 was wrong。 25 B 回答速度→How fast。 26 isn't feeding 现在进行时否定：be + not + V-ing。 27 Are; playing 一般疑问句：Are + 主语 + V-ing? 28 What; doing 对动作提问→What are they doing? 29 my view in my view = 在我看来。 30 had better had better = should。 本资料共 8 大板块 | 55+ 核心词汇 | 30+ 短语 | 5 大句型 | 现在进行时全解 | 30 道自测题 外研版（2024新版）七年级上册 · Unit 6 Fantastic friends · 完整版知识点总结 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $