Unit 1 The mass media 暑假预习 导学案 -2026-2027学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第二册

09进门考 用所给短语的适当形式填空 (1)dig up (2)set ... aside (3)beyond my grasp (4)out of place (5)owe a debt to (6)be rooted in (7)distinguish ... from ... (8)make allowance for (9)contribute to (10) stick out 1. It’s the lines which _________________ that make a poem interesting. 2. The boy looked uncomfortable and _____________________ among the adults. 3. The complex poem is ________________________ so I want you to help me out. 4. Every day he ________ two hours ________ to keep his mother company. 5. They are ____________________ some clues to the mystery. 6. When we’re planning for a trip, we should ______________________ the weather. 7. All the efforts will _________________________ the cooperation and mutual understanding. 8. Li Bai’s romantic style ____________________ the social and historical context he lived in. 9. Those who cannot ____________ red _________ green cannot get a driving license. 10. We __________________ our military for their selfless services. 1. stick out 2. out of place 3. beyond my grasp 4. sets, aside 5. digging up 6. make allowance for 7. contribute to 8. was/is rooted in 9. distinguish, from 10. owe a debt to 第九讲 选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media(第一课时)+完型专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media ReadingⅠ的要点词汇和重要句型； 2、完形训练，提升阅读理解力； 3、读后续写专练，提升分析写作能力。 【学习过程】 Part One New Words in Reading 1.critical adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的→critic n. 批评家 →criticize v. 批评，批判→ criticism n. 批评→critically adv. 批判性地 the critical thinking /period 批判性思维/关键时期 be critical to 对…重要，至关重要的 The decision is critical to the future of the company. 2.trap n. 陷阱；圈套；困境 v. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住(trapped-trapped) be trapped in… 被困在… 3.release v. 发布；释放；松开；发泄 n. 释放；发行；排放，泄露 release a movie 发行一部电影 4.ambulance n. 救护车 an ambulance man 一个救护人员 5. extend v. 延伸；扩大；延长；伸展→ extension n. 延伸，扩大→extensive adj. 广泛的；大量的；广阔的 extend a road/ one’s life/ one’s hand 扩建一条路/ 延长生命/ 伸出某人的手 extension n. 拓展；延伸；接发；（医学）牵引；（计算机）拓展名；（逻辑）外延 6.construction n. 建筑，建造；建造物→construct v. 建造 under construction 在建设中 7.dozen n. 许多；一打；十来个 two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 dozens of eggs数十个鸡蛋 8.minor adj. 轻微的，次要的；少量的→minority n. 少数，少数人 minor injuries 轻伤 major adj. 主要的→ majority n. 大多数 9.bath n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆→ bathe v. 沐浴；洗澡 have a bath 洗澡 be bathed in 沐浴在…之下 10.scream v. 尖叫；高声喊 scream out 大声喊 scream at sb 朝某人大喊 11.bark v. 吠叫，厉声发令 bark at 对...吠叫 12.choke v. 使窒息；使哽咽，说不出话来 choke to death 窒息死亡 choke out 哽咽着说出 13.department n. 部门，局，系 be sb's department 某人的职责范围（或知识范围） 14.cigarette n. 香烟 light a cigarette 点一根香烟 15.carpet n. 地毯 a carpet of snow 一层厚厚的雪 16.automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的，不及思索的→ automatically adv. 自动地 a fully automatic driver-less car 一辆完全无人驾驶的汽车 an automatic reaction 下意识的反应 17.investigate v. 调查，侦查；研究 investigation n. 调查；调查研究 investigate sb for sth 调查某人某事 18.come about 发生 Can you tell me how the accident came about? 19.journalist n. 新闻记者，新闻工作者---journal n. 日报，杂志；日记；分类账 --journalism n. 新闻业，新闻工作；报章杂志 20.priority n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点 Education is a top priority. 当务之急 take priority over sth 优先安排 21.contradict v. 相矛盾，相反；反驳→contradiction n. 矛盾→contradictory adj. 矛盾的 contradict oneself 自我矛盾 22.factual adj. 根据事实的，真实的 23.instance n. 例子，事例 for instance/example 比如说 in the first instance 第一 24.differ v. 不同；意见相左→different adj. 不同的→difference n. 不同点 differ from … in… 在…方面和…不同 differ over/about/on 对某事意见不同 25.conclusion n. 结论→ conclude v. 总结 reach/draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 总之 26.false adj. 错误的，不真实的；假的；非天生的 a false argument/assumption/belief 错误的论据╱假设╱信念 27.bring sth to light 揭露，披露 New facts were brought to light with investigation. 经过调查发现了新的事实。 28.minimum n. 最小值，最少 minimize vt. 使减到最少；小看，极度轻视 vi. 最小化 maximize v. （使）增加到最大限度；充分利用；找到……的最高值；最大化 29.sum v. 总结，概括 a large sum of money 一大笔钱 in sum 总之；总而言之=in a word 30.accurate adj. 准确的，正确无误的→ accuracy n. 精确度→accurately adv. 精确地；准确地 to be accurate 准确来说 31.commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费 →commit v. 承诺，保证; 犯罪；花钱或时间；全身心投入;忠于→ committed adj. 尽心尽力的；承诺过的 32.discrimination n. 区别对待，歧视；辨别力，识别力→ discriminate vt. 歧视;区别；辨别 vi. 区别；辨别 discrimination against the elderly 歧视老人 discriminate A from B 区别；辨别；区分 33.journalism n. 新闻业 Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Reading 1.critical adj. 批评的, 批判性的; 关键的, 危急的 Be a critical news reader!做一个批判性的新闻读者！(P2) [归纳用法] (1)criticize vt. &vi. 　批评; 评论; 苛求 criticize sb. /sth. (for sth. ) (因为……)批评某人/某事物 (2)critic n. 批评家, 评论家; 爱挑剔的人 criticism n. 批评; 考证; 苛求 (3)critically adv. 精密地; 危急地; 批评性地; 用钻研眼光地 单句语法填空 ①The coach criticized him ___ not focusing on his soccer skills. ②I don’t like to read his literary ________(critic). ③One of her ______(critic) accused her of caring only about success. (2)In this class we learned how_____________ (critical)famous ancient paintings of this period. 答案1.for 2.criticism 3.critics 4. to criticize 2.be thought to have done..... The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. (P2) 周日晚上的大火被认为是从八楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。 【句型分析】 主语为the fire，谓语动词为spread, which引导的非限制性定语从句解释说明主语the fire, 动词­ing短语leaving people ...在句中充当结果状语 Sb/sth is thought to do....意为“……被认为……”，不定式(短语)根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即 be thought to do.... 常表示一般情况或动作将要发生 be thought to be doing... 表示动作正在进行 be thought to be done 表示被动且动作将要发生 be thought to have done.. 表示动作已完成 be thought to have been done 表示被动且动作已完成 【注意】(1)可与“It's thought that ...”互换。 (2)常用于该句型的过去分词还有said, believed, considered, hoped, reported等 It is said/reported that...　　 据说/报道…… It is believed that... 人们相信/认为…… It is known to all that... 众所周知…… It is hoped/suggested that... 人们希望/建议…… The vase is thought to be worth a lot of money.这个花瓶被认为值许多钱。 Loulan is thought to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms hundreds of years ago.楼兰被认为是在数百年前被沙尘暴渐渐吞没的。 He is thought to have made a serious mistake.人们认为他犯了一个严重的错误 单句语法填空 ①Chinese is thought ________ (speak) even more widely in the future world. ②He is thought ________ (act) foolishly; now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 答案：①to be spoken　②to have acted 3.trap vt. (trapped，trapped)使落入险境，卡住，绊住 n．陷阱；困境；牢笼 The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 周日晚上的大火被认为是从八楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把位于高楼层的人们困在了里面。 【归纳用法】 be trapped in 陷于.......；被困在.....里面 trap sb into doing sth 设圈套诱使某人做某事 set/lay a trap for 给..... 设圈套 fall into a trap 落入陷阱 be caught in a trap 落入圈套 【注意】be trapped in 表示“被困在……”=：be/get stuck in, be/get caught in, be/get locked in, be/get blocked in A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。 The liar trapped me into believing his story.这个骗子诱骗我相信他的故事。 She had set a trap for the enemy and they walked straight into it.她给敌人设下了圈套，他们就径直钻了进去。 单句语法填空 ①Think carefully before you answer questions online; you may be trapped ________ giving away very important personal information.into ②After he_had_been_trapped (trap) for more than 40 hours，he was saved by a rescue team. ③The shopkeeper trapped me into ______ (buy) their poor quality milk. buying ④These incidents led some scientists to develop ways to keep the costly robots from being_trapped　(trap) in the sand. ⑤Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped　(trap) in the atmosphere. 4.doing作结果状语 The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.（P2） 周日晚上的大火被认为是从八楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把位于高楼层的人们困在了里面。 现在分词短语作结果状语 (1)leaving people on the upper floors trapped为现在分词短语作结果状语。 (2)现在分词(短语)作结果状语，常表示意料、情理之中、自然而然的结果。 (3)不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，通常和only连用。 单句语法填空 ①After school we went to the reading room to do some reading,only to be told(tell) that it was being decorated. ②Bernard took the popcorn around the houses and sold out all his popcorn,making (make)him earn a lot of money. 5.that 引导的同位语从句 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5 according to figures released by emergency services. 根据应急服务机构公布的数据，死亡人数恐将达到5人(P2) 同位语从句：一般跟在某些名词(belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，possibility，promise等)后面，用以解释说明这些名词的内容。最常见的引导词是that，在从句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。此外，同位语从句的引导词还有how，when，where，why等，可翻译为相应含义。 I had no idea that he had already gone abroad.我不知道他已经出国了。 The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to people's health.这篇文章告诉我们这样一个事实——吸烟非常不利于人健康。 He can't answer the question how he got the money.他无法回答他是如何得到这笔钱的。 单句语法填空 ①I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school，would be different. ②There is much truth in the idea that kindness is usually served by frankness. ③The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed. ④Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport？ 6.release vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services. 根据应急服务机构发布的数据，死亡人数恐将达到5人。(P2) 【归纳用法】 a release from prison 从狱中释放 the latest releases 最新发行的产品 the release of ..... ......的排放 a sense of release 解脱感 be on release (电影)在公映；发行中 release sb/sth from 从……中释放某人/某物 release pressure(/stress)/emotions 释放压力/发泄情感 release a movie/book 发行电影/书 Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。 A sense of release came to me immediately after the exam.考试一结束，我立刻有了一种解脱的感觉 [易混辨析]relieve/release ①relieve着重指减轻或暂时解除(痛苦，负担等)。 ②release指从根本上免除、解除。 (1)写出下列句中release的词性及含义 ①The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting COVID－19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis. ________ ②He stopped and faced her, releasing her wrist.________ ③The software is planned for release in April. ________ ④Perhaps one day your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy. ________ ⑤She burst into tears, releasing all her depressed emotions. ________ 答案：①vt. 发布　②vt. 放开　③n. 发行　④vt. 释放　⑤vt. 发泄，宣泄 (2)单句语法填空 ①Singing is a good way to release (release)stress and emotions. ②The factory keeps releasing (release)smoke, polluting the city. ③A new version of the game will be released (release)in September. (3)选词填空(relieve/release) ①The pill ________ my toothache. ②Death at last ________ her from her pain. 答案：①relieved　②released 7.extend vi& vt. 延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展 By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor. Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p.m. 此时，大火已经蔓延到15楼。消防队员在晚上11点左右控制住了局势。(P2) 【归纳用法】 extend sth to sb 给某人提供某物 extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏/公路/房子 extensive adj. 广阔的，广大的，大量的 extension n.扩大，延伸；[C]延期，延长期，放宽期限 There are plans to extend the no smoking area.现已有扩大无烟区的计划。 She suffered extensive injuries in the accident.她在事故中受了重伤。 The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities.银行计划多方扩展信贷服务 单句语法填空 ①He first entered the country on a six－month visa, and was given a further ________ (extend) of six months. ②Scientists have carried out ________ (extend) research into the deep sea in the hope of finding new energy resources. 答案：①extension　②extensive ③When we encounter difficulties, they extended a helping hand to us. 8.construction n. 建筑，建造；建造物 There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.（P2） 有人担心，建造这栋大楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。 【归纳用法】 (1)be under construction 正在建设中 (2)construct .....out of.... 用....搭建 construct a new factory 建一座新工厂 construct a machine 研发机器 The summer house was a simple wooden construction.那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。 The new suspension bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction now.这位著名的建筑师设计的新悬浮桥正在建设之中。 单句语法填空 ①The house was constructed ________ of wood. ②He has made an important ________ (contribute) to the company's success. 答案：①out　②contribution ③The new airport ________________ lies in the east of the city. being constructed 正在建设的新机场位于城市的东部 9.dozens of很多,许多 The fire has also left dozens of people injured,5 of whom are in a critical condition.大火还造成许多人受伤,其中五人伤势严重。(p2) 【归纳拓展】dozen n.许多;(一)打;十来个 by the dozen按打计算 dozens of... 很多，许多（仅表示概数） In dozens=in large dozens 大批 half a dozen 半打 I bought three dozen eggs yesterday.我昨天买了三打鸡蛋。 I've spoken to him dozens of times, but I still don't know his name!虽然我和他说过很多次话，但我连他的名字都还不知道！ Eggs in the shopping center are sold by the dozen. 购物中心的鸡蛋按打出售。 【注意】 (1)dozen前有数词或者具有数词意义的词，如：a, many, several, some, a few等修饰限制时，dozen要用单数，后面接可数名词复数，且名词前通常无需用介词of。 (2)表示“部分与整体”的关系时，dozen即使是单数，也要加of，这时of后面多是一个加有限定词(如：these, those, the, my, Tom's 等)的复数名词或代词。 (3)“许多，大量”短语集合： dozens of; plenty of; lots/amounts/quantities of; a large/huge number of; a great deal of; an enormous amount of。 单句语法填空 ①I have decided to buy two dozen ________ those wonderful gifts for the children. ②To gather materials for my lectures, I had to read through ________ (dozen) of the books on economics. ③It appears in ________ (dozen) of movies, including all the Star Wars features. 答案：①of　②dozens　③dozens ④Eggs in the shopping center are sold 　　　　　the dozen. by 10.be about to do sth when ... “正要做某事，这时(突然)……” I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.(P2)我正要洗澡，这时突然听到有人在尖叫，狗在狂吠。 在该结构中，when为并列连词，通常意为“就在那时/这时”，相当于“at that/this time”。 并列连词when构成的句型有： (1)be about to do sth when ...＝be on the point of doing sth when ... 正要做某事，这时(突然)…… (2)be doing sth when ... 正在做某事，这时(突然)…… (3)had (hardly) done sth when ... 刚做了某事，这时(突然)…… Seated in the classroom, I was about to take my books out when suddenly I became frozen. ＝Seated in the classroom, I was on the point of taking my books out when suddenly I became frozen.坐在教室里，我正要拿出书，这时我突然愣住了。 I had hardly turned on the computer when my parents came back.我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。 【注意】使用“had hardly done ... when ...”结构时，hardly如果放在句首，主句要用部分倒装句式。 Hardly had he left the room when the traveler entered.他刚离开房间，那客人就进来了。 单句语法填空 ①We were about to set off ________ it suddenly began to rain. ②We ________ (have) a meeting when someone broke in. 答案：①when　②were having ③I was really disappointed and about to_leave (leave) when he walked out of a building. 11.investigate vt.& vi.侦查，调查；研究 A team is currently investigating the accident further.调查组目前正在进一步调查这起事故。（P2） 【归纳用法】 (1)investigate sb.(for sth.) (因为某事)调查某人 investigate into 对……进行调查 (2)investigation n. 调查；调查研究 under investigation 调查进行中；在调查研究中 In this track and field competition，he was investigated for abuse of stimulants.在这次田径比赛中，他被调查滥用兴奋剂。 单句语法填空 ①This is not the first time he has_been_investigated(investigate)by the police for fraud. ②An investigation (investigate)is underway to find out how the disaster happened. ③The principal promised to investigate_into that affair. The source of infection for all three cases is still_under_investigation. 完型填空一 In the age-old fairy tale, Cinderella travels in a giant pumpkin carriage to meet her prince. In 31 life, everyday guy Duane Hansen paddled an 846-pound- 32 pumpkin 38 miles on the Missouri River to set a world record — on his 60th birthday, no less. People are calling him “ 33 ”. It took Hansen, from Nebraska, nearly a decade to 34 the giant pumpkin named “Berta” before he hollowed (挖空) it out and created a cooler inside that allowed it to float for a 35 journey. That 36 made it possible for him to 37 the previous world record for the “longest journey by a pumpkin boat” as Hansen paddled “SS Berta” for 11 hours on Saturday. Hansen is set to 38 Rick Swenson’s 2016 Guinness World Record completed for a 25-mile trip. Guinness World Records still has to 39 the journey. To confirm a record, Guinness requires 40 with its submissions, including photos, videos and witness statements. But there should be no 41 of evidence, considering Hansen’s accomplishment was all over social media. Officials in Bellevue, Nebraska, recorded Hansen’s journey inside “SS Berta.” “Cinderfella” also earned widespread praise as people across the globe wished him “pumpkin speed.” “Congratulations Duane for smashing the world record,” the city of Bellevue wrote in a Facebook post. “We are 42 that you started this record breaking 38 mile journey in Bellevue and it’s been fun to follow along. … Seems like a unique if not slightly 43 way to celebrate his 60th birthday.” Hansen began his journey as family and friends watched from public boat docks. The biggest hurdle was waves from other boats 44 to tip over his pumpkin boat. “I couldn’t even 45 to anyone because of the balancing act I had to do as water began to leak into the pumpkin…” he told the outlet. 31．A．working B．real C．social D．daily 32．A．rolling B．flowing C．floating D．wandering 33．A．Cinderella B．Berta C．Hansen D．Prince 34．A．cook B．make C．grow D．create 35．A．land B．water C．sand D．air 36．A．commitment B．plan C．fantasy D．activity 37．A．overshadow B．keep C．preserve D．maintain 38．A．turn over B．hand over C．take over D．think over 39．A．watch B．track C．shoot D．approve 40．A．sources B．reports C．evidence D．description 41．A．ignorance B．shortage C．need D．expectation 42．A．surprised B．satisfied C．proud D．certain 43．A．abnormal B．confusing C．scary D．crazy 44．A．aiming B．threatening C．happening D．tending 45．A．wave B．smile C．listen D．talk 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．A 37．A 38．C 39．D 40．C 41．B 42．C 43．D 44．B 45．A 完型填空二 Zhang Shangbao is a “village doctor”. He has been 46 more than 1,000 farmers deep in the mountains and 47 even after losing his right hand in an accident. In fact, Zhang has chosen to work 48 reaching the retirement age. One of Zhang’s biggest 49 is that although the government has built roads connecting the villages with the 50 world, he cannot ride a motorcycle to reach the villages with only one hand. He has no choice but to walk to his patients’ homes. Zhang has kept dozens of old 51 that other people would have thrown away long ago. Zhang said, “I keep them for use during an emergency. I can put on any of the old ones 52 one of those I am wearing is torn. Although they might not be exactly the same pair, it saves 53 , which is life for doctors and patients.” 54 , a pair lasts about one month, because he has to walk through rough mountainous areas. Back in the summer of 1995, the accident dealt a heavy blow to Zhang. Although Zhang was 55 back to health by his wife, he lost his 56 for some time. Villagers still sought his services. Initially, he 57 to give the villagers drips(点滴), but his patients encouraged him to give it a try. With years of 58 and after several tries, Zhang succeeded in performing his duty with only one hand. The villagers trust him and think Zhang is the one to 59 . Zhang has continued to work because he thinks since many of the youths have moved to cities for work, the 60 senior residents in the villages need special medical care. 46．A．educating B．serving C．guiding D．sponsoring 47．A．quits B．suffers C．withdraws D．proceeds 48．A．except B．despite C．until D．since 49．A．regrets B．dreams C．favors D．fears 50．A．current B．outside C．remote D．peaceful 51．A．coats B．glasses C．shoes D．trousers 52．A．in case B．so that C．as if D．in that 53．A．trouble B．money C．time D．space 54．A．Ultimately B．Normally C．Fortunately D．Strangely 55．A．encouraged B．urged C．motivated D．nursed 56．A．memory B．mind C．curiosity D．confidence 57．A．decided B．tended C．refused D．forgot 58．A．experience B．patience C．experiments D．preparations 59．A．count on B．respond to C．call on D．refer to 60．A．well-fed B．left-behind C．all-round D．old-style 46．B 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．D 56．D 57．C 58．A 59．A 60．B 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Last September was my first month of middle school, which was completely overwhelming (不知所措的). Every day in the passages, I felt lost and not very smart. Everyone at school seemed to know who they were and what they were doing, but not me. I was desperate to find my place at school. And then there was the school play. Hmm, costumes might be kind of fun. I added my name to the sign-up sheet for props and costumes. That’s the real beginning of this story, I guess. I’d had an enjoyable backstage making sure all the actors had their shoes and figuring out how to make a fake pocket watch out of a bicycle chain for the Train Conductor. But then, on opening night, Mr. Bash, the director, rushed up to me. “There you are, Maisy,” he panted (气喘吁吁). “I need you to step in for Bailey tonight. He broke his leg during lunch.” I started sweating. “I…” I stammered (结结巴巴地说), shaking my head. “Listen, I know this is short notice,” Mr. Bash said. “But we can’t do the show without Lost Cow. You know the cues because you’re always waiting to take the halter rope (缰绳) from Bailey and give him the straw hat.” “But…” “Just go onstage, get the rope from Train Conductor, do the shrug (耸肩), and walk off. After all, no one will even know that it’s you.” That stopped me short. If I had to go out there and recite a bunch of lines, I might faint. Or else throw up. But what if I were wearing the cow head, and my name wasn’t in the program, and no one could really even see me? Right then, I decided I’d try. Maybe it would be fun? So fifteen minutes later, I was waiting behind the curtain. “Ready, Lost Cow?” said a voice beside me. It was Mr. Bash. “No one knows it’s me, right?” I asked. “No one,” Mr. Bash said. 注意： 1. 写作词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I took a deep breath and stepped onto the stage. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Awesome job, Maisy.” Mr. Bash said, grinning (咧嘴笑). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I took a deep breath and stepped onto the stage. I did a ridiculous shrug at Train Conductor. I made the two Farmhand actors giggle when I bumped on purpose into the hay-wagon set. And I playfully whirled my tail as I exited the stage, whipping Train Conductor in the leg. Hearing people laugh and yell “Wooo!”, I grinned inside the cow head. It wasn’t so scary after all. Instead, it was so cool that I was pretty sure I had finally found my place at school.   “Awesome job, Maisy,” Mr. Bash said, grinning. “Did you enjoy it?” “Sure I did! It was just easy because I didn’t have to be me. It was just a character in a costume, you know?” “Well, that works out,” Mr. Bash said. “You’re so brave—I never could have done that when I was your age.” It felt different now, saying yes to putting myself out there. It turns out that I’d just needed some time to figure out what was true. 【导语】本文以作者的变化为线索展开，讲述了作者进入高中一个月后的时间里，自己不知道该做什么，自从参加了学校组织的一次话剧活动后，作者从一名后台负责道具和服装的人员到后来自己临时替换Bailey的角色，作者在这次经历中找到了自己的位置。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我深吸一口气，走上舞台。”可知，第一段可描写作者在舞台上的表现，根据第二段提示的内容可知，该部分描述作者出色的表现。 ②由第二段首句内容““干得好，Maisy，” Mr. Bash笑着说。”可知，第二段可描写作者Mr. Bash是如何赞许作者的以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：登台——尽情表演——作者感受——Mr. Bash赞许——感悟 3.词汇激活行为类①笑：giggle/laugh/smile/burst into laughter②撞击：bump/crash/hit ③旋转，摇晃：whirl/turn/swing/circle 情绪类①害怕的：scary/frightening/afraid②勇敢的：brave/bold 【点睛】[高分句型1]Hearing people laugh and yell “Wooo!”, I grinned inside the cow head. （运用了现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2]Instead, it was so cool that I was pretty sure I had finally found my place at school.  （运用了“so…that…”句型） [高分句型3]It turns out that I’d just needed some time to figure out what was true.（运用了固定句型“It turns out that…”以及what引导的宾语从句） 课后练习 一、单句语法填空 1．A youth was killed and another was ________(critical) injured. 2．You will ________(automatic) get free dental treatment if you are under 18. 3．His public speeches are in direct________ (contradict) to his personal lifestyle. 4．The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of ________ (curious). 5．Only a ________(minor) of children are fond of natural scenery while most of them like amusement parks. 6．How did this unhappy state of affairs come ________？ 7．There are jobs much more dangerous than truck driving；________ instance，being a rescuer. 8．There was one respect，however，in which they _______ (differ). 9．They ________(trap) in the burning building and luckily，the firefighters came to their rescue. 10．Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her schooldays by a nurse________(appoint) to guard her.　 1．critically　 2．automatically　3．contradiction　4．curiosity　5．minority　6．about　7．for　8．differed　 9．were trapped　 10．appointed　 1．From then on，I was committed to losing (lose)weight and getting into shape. 2．Many people see the bases as an extension(extend)of American colonial rule. 3．Many facts emerged as a result of the investigation(investigate). 4．Falling house prices are illustrative of the crisis facing the construction(construct) industry. 5．The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity(curious). 10 进门考 综合填空 Chinese high school principal Zhang Guimei has been honored 59 the title “Role Model of the Times” in recognition of her dedication to education for girls. With the support of the Party and the government, she helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education for girls from poor families. Since it opened in 2008, it 60 (see) more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges. About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a rural teacher in Huaping county, Lijiang, Yunnan province, noticed a girl 61 (sit) on the hillside. She was staring 62 (blank) into space. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married and it was arranged by her parents. That fateful encounter(邂逅) persuaded Zhang 63 (build) a free high school for girls, aiming to help break the spell (魔咒) 64 women drop out of education, marry early and spend 65 (they) whole life in the remote mountain. After years of trying to raise funds, in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, 66 (found) at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, where Zhang is the principal. Over the decades, More than 1,800 67 (graduate) have been admitted to college, 68 is regarded a “miracle” in the remote area, as most students didn’t perform well in academic study before the school was established. 59．with 60．has seen 61．sitting/was sitting 62．blankly 63．to build 64．that 65．their 66．was founded 67．graduates 68．which 第十讲 选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media(第二课时)+七选五专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media ReadingⅡ的重要词汇、句型； 2、七选五训练，提升基础的综合运用能力； 3、应用文专练，提升写作能力。 【学习过程】 Part One Words and sentence patterns in Reading 12.come about发生 How do these differences come about？这些差异是如何产生的？ (P3) 【归纳用法】 come across 偶然遇见；发现 come down (价格等)下降；恢复平静；倒下 come out (太阳、月亮或星辰)出现；(花)开放；出版 come to 来到(某地)；总计；恢复知觉 come over 使……突然感到；来访；(观点)被理解 come up 走近；出现；被提到；(植物)发芽；产生；开始 when it comes to... 当谈到……时 How did it come about that you got lost?你怎么会迷路了呢？ Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。 The book comes out this week.这本书本周出版。 I came across a group of children playing.我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。 【注意】(1)come about意为“产生，发生”，是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 (2)come about常与how连用，构成以下句型： How did it come about that ...？……是怎么发生的？ [根据句意用come短语的正确形式填空] (应用文之提建议)① English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.Firstly, when you ② unfamiliar words, don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore, when teachers’ questions ③ in class, you should make great efforts to ④ answers and express your ideas properly so that your meaning can ⑤ .Last but not least, if you fail, you must say to yourself, “⑥ ！” 【答案】1.When it comes to2.come across3.come up4.come up with 5.get across 6.Come on! 【混淆辨析】 ①happen意为“发生”，含有“偶然”的意思。当主语是具体事件、事故等时可与occur换用；但当happen作“偶然”之意时，不能用occur代替。happen后可以接不定式，也常用于“It happened that”句型。 ②take place意为“发生，举行”，常指计划或安排好的事情的发生与进行，不含偶然性。 ③come about指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常与how连用来要求对方说明或解释事情发生的缘由。 ④break out多指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情等突然爆发。 The earthquake happened (＝occurred) in the morning.这场地震在早晨发生了。 He happened to meet her in the street.他碰巧在街上遇见了她。 The wedding will take place in this hotel.婚礼将在这家酒店举行。 Please tell me how the accident came about.请告诉我事故是怎么发生的。 A terrible forest fire broke out in that country last month.上个月那个国家发生了一场可怕的森林火灾。 13.priority n.优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点 It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event.明智的做法是记住记者眼中的首要事项可能会有所不同，这会影响他们如何报道一则事件。(P3) 【归纳用法】 (1)give priority to...　对……优先考虑 take/have priority over... 比……有优先性 (2)prior adj. 先前的；优先的 prior to 在……之前 单句语法填空 ①Almost three­quarters of Americans said they're unhappy with US President Joe Biden's handling of inflation，which is now widely considered the country's top priority(prior) for voters. ②The search for a new vaccine(疫苗) will take priority over all other medical research. ③All the arrangements should be completed prior_to your departure. There are so many things to deal with.You must decide what your priorities are. (prior) 14.contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥 Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing. 即使从基本相同的角度撰写新闻报道，它们也可能在事实细节方面相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂和不断变化的。(P3) 【归纳用法】 (1)contradict oneself 自相矛盾 contradict with.... 与....相矛盾 contradict each other 互相矛盾，互相抵触 (2)contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的 be contradictory to.... 与....相矛盾/对立 (3)contradiction n.矛盾，反驳 in contradiction to/with..... 与...相矛盾/对立 Tom's comments on this issue are confusing because they appear to contradict the remarks on the same issue made earlier by him.汤姆对这件事的评论是令人困惑的，因为它们似乎是他之前对相同问题的评论的否定。 What is wonderful is, at many times, the stories will contradict (with) each other.在许多时候，故事之间相互矛盾，这正是精彩之处。 This trend of development is not necessarily contradictory to the national interest of China.这种发展趋向不一定与我国的国家利益相冲突。 单句语法填空 ①Behind them all, though, is the ________ (contradict) between economic growth and the environment. ②The answers to this question were various and ________ (contradict)． 答案：①contradiction　②contradictory ③The policeman knew that the man was lying, so he encouraged him to talk until he began to contradict himself(he). 15.differ vi. 相异；意见相左 For instance, the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire. 比如说，在有关亨德森楼大火的两则报道中，死亡人数有差异。（P3） 【归纳用法】 (1)differ from.. 不同于..... differ in... 在....方面不同 differ with sb on/about/over sth 和某人在某事上意见不同 (2)different adj.不同的，有区别的 be different from...in... 在……方面与……不同 (3)difference n.差异，差别，意见分歧 make a/no difference (to...) (对...)有/无影响，有/无作用 the difference between A and B (in sth) A和B(在某方面)的区别 tell the difference between A and B 区分/辨别A和B My younger brother and I differ from each other in many ways.我和我弟弟在许多方面都不同。 The two animals come from the same family but differ in body shape and breeding habits.这两种动物属于同一科，但身体形状和繁殖习惯有区别。 In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.美国的教育体制与英国的教育体制在很多方面差异不大。 One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，差之千里。 单句语法填空 ①The two leaders differed with each other ________ several issues. ②The two nations differ ________ the culture and climate. ③That fashion in different countries differs ________ each other that reflects the cultural differences. ④Can you tell the ________ (differ) between the two words? 答案：①about/on/over　②in　③from　④difference ⑤I helped them to see themselves differently　(different), and they finally built themselves into winners. ⑥Scientists have introduced a new model of 3­D printer, which differs (different)from the existing ones in certain aspects. 16.conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成 When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one ofthe news reports gives false information. 当我们遇到这样的事实差异时，我们不应该急于得出结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了虚假信息(P3) 【归纳用法】 (1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion 总之; 最后 jump to conclusion 匆忙下结论 bring....to a conclusion 使....结束 (2)conclude v. 得出结论; 总结; 结束 to conclude 最后; 总之=in conclusion conclude. . . with/by doing sth. . . 以……结束…… conclude (from sth. ) that . . . (从……中)推断出…… In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me.最后，我要感谢你为我所做的一切。 We know well what difficulties we have to cope with to bring our work to a successful conclusion.我们很清楚，要圆满完成我们的工作需要克服什么困难。 I concluded from their words that they were against the plan.我从他们的话中推断出他们反对这项计划。 【注意】除in conclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语： ①in short　②in a word　③in brief　④all in all　⑤to sum up　⑥briefly (speaking)　⑦on the whole 单句语法填空 ①We should never jump ________ conclusions and take things for granted. ②I can conclude ________ what you have said that you are unhappy about the news. ③________ conclusion, I think Ms Sullivan should be Educator of the Year. 答案：①to　②from　③In 17.bring sth. to light揭露，披露 News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light.随着新的事实被披露，在一起事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。（P3） 【归纳bring用法】 bring...to life　 　 使……更有趣/更生动 bring...to an end 结束 bring up 养育；抚养；教育；提出(话题)；呕吐 bring about 引起；导致(事故、变化等) bring back 带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复 bring down 使……降低；使……倒下 bring in 引入；赚得；挣得 bring out使显现;生产;出版 【归纳light用法】 cast/throw light on阐明;点亮 come to light为人所知;变得众所周知;暴露 The article wants to bring to light important issues that affect the community.这篇文章想要将那些影响社区的重要问题揭露出来。 单句语法填空 ①It is reported that the terrible accident was brought_about by John's carelessness. ②It's high time that we should express our gratitude to both our parents and teachers for what they have done for us to bring us_up． ③The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of the buildings. ④The photos bring ________ lots of good memories. back ⑤These new tools will help bring this bad situation ________ an end. to ⑥Hunters bring 　　　　　more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. in 18.sum n.金额，款项，总和，总数；全部 To sum up,it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages.总之，阅读从不同角度、不同阶段写就的新闻报道是明智之举。(P3) 【归纳用法】 (1)in sum 　总之；总而言之 a large sum of 一大笔；大量的 (2)to sum up 总之；概括地说（常放于句首） sum up 总结，概括 The sum of evidence points to the crime resting on them.所有证据都指向了他们所犯的罪行。 单句语法填空 ①Many people spoke at the meeting, and finally the chairman summed up the discussion. ②In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners. ③She has donated a large sum of money to charities, which indicates that she’s never cared about personal wealth. ④I’ll sum up what we have discussed at the meeting. 19.committed adj.尽心尽力的 Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.(P3)尽管记者致力于呈现真相，我们最好还是运用自己的判断力，而非完全依赖新闻报道。 【归纳用法】 (1)be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 (2)commit v. 承诺，保证；犯(罪)；花(钱或时间)；全身心投入；忠于 commit...to...把……投入…… commit (oneself ) to sb./sth. 专心致志于；投入于 commit a crime/a murder/a mistake 犯罪/谋杀/犯错 commit suicide(＝kill oneself)自杀 (3)commitment n. 献身；投入；承诺，许诺；花费 make a commitment to (do) sth 承诺(做)某事 For years I have been committed to improving my spoken English.数年来我一直努力提高我的英语口语。 The police force is committed to being an equal opportunity employer. 警察机构致力于成为提供均等机会的雇主。 Smoking not only harms others' health, but also is committing suicide slowly.吸烟不仅损害他人健康，还等于慢性自杀。 John made a commitment to his mother that he would be a musician.约翰对他的妈妈承诺，他会成为一个音乐家。 单句语法填空 ①The Canadian government is committed to ________ (advance) the equality. ②Many of us equate “________ (commit)” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. ③We made a commitment ________ (keep) working together. ④Both sides committed ________ (they) to pushing forward this vitally important relationship between our two countries. 答案：①advancing　②commitment　③to keep　④themselves ⑤Xi said it is important for the two sides to enhance dialogue, stay committed(commit) to cooperation. 20.curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品 Secondly, you must have a natural curiosity about things that are happening.其次，你必须对正在发生的事情有一种天生的好奇心。(P5) 【归纳用法】 (1)out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心 (2)curious adj. 好奇的 be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 It’s curious that...真奇怪…… (3)curiously adv.好奇地 Out of curiosity, I asked him why he had decided to become a pilot.出于好奇，我问他当初为什么当了飞行员。 Children are curious about everything around them.孩子们对身边的每件事都感到好奇。 The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case.记者很想知道那位官员是否与此案有关。 单句语法填空 ①She was curious about how the experts did it. ②The little boy, out of curiosity (curious), took the radio set apart. ③Curiously (curious) enough, the same thing happened again a year later. ④Due to ________ (curious), he squeezed himself into a crowd to see what had happened. curiosity 七选五练习一（原14讲） It’s no surprise that there is a vast global divide in life expectancy, with those living in more developed countries far more likely to live into their 70’s and 80’s than those from less-developed countries. 16 1. Japan The Japanese are famous for their exceptionally healthy lifestyle. Fish, seaweed, and green tea are all contained in their diet, and have numerous health benefits that are proved to help prevent the deadliest diseases, including cancer and heart disease. 17 Japanese females share a life expectancy of around 86 years, while, males, can expect to live to around 82. Overall, Japan’s life expectancy is 84. 19 years. 2. Singapore Singapore boasts an impressive overall life expectancy of just over 84 years. As one of the wealthiest places on Earth, it possesses one of the strongest economies around and can afford to spend freely on improving medical services for its residents. 18 People’s lifestyle choice in Singapore is also a considerable factor influencing their life expectancy. Diet generally consists of foods rich in nutrients and antioxidants. 19 3. Australia 20 The healthcare system in Australia is also of a high standard, and the population is well educated about the importance of health. Females born in Australia are predicted to live to 84.35, while males can expect a lifespan of 79.4 years. A．In this country, females expect to live to 85 while males expect to live to 80. B．The life span of those at the top of the life expectancy table is almost double that of those at the bottom. C．As is widely known, most residents here live a stress-free life and consume a healthy diet. D．Nevertheless, few of those living in the less developed countries expect to live to 80. E．Their diet and lifestyle have also resulted in it having one of the lowest obesity rates in the world. F．Consequently, citizens in Singapore attach great value to healthy lifestyle. G．Thus, it has subsequently developed one of the most efficient healthcare systems in the world. 【答案】16．B 17．E 18．G 19．A 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个国家的生活方式和饮食对该国居民预期寿命的影响。 七选五练习二（原14讲） We’re lucky to live in an age when the sum total of human knowledge is pretty available at the click of a button. We’ ve never had access to so much information. 36 . So here are a few strategies to sharpen your critical thinking. Watch out for confirmation prejudice(偏见). 37 . In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we’re much more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think we know. And we’re much more likely to ignore information if it is not in line with our views, which will affect our ability to process information. Acknowledge small differences. In life, most situations are varying and complicated. Admitting that can enrich the way that we view the world. For example, what colour is the sky? Well, the obvious answer is blue. But at sunrise or sunset, it can be red. On a cold misty morning, white or gray. 38 . Practise intellectual humility (谦逊). One approach to, well, arguing, is to let go of the idea of being “right”. Or at least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong. 39 . Really try to understand where the other person is coming from. Arguing is just to waste somebody’s time. 40 . It’s more important than ever to know where your information is coming from. That science-looking paragraphs might look very convincing until you dig a little deeper and find it was just posted by someone having no qualifications. That is the case we should not overlook. Engaging in critical thinking isn’t as fun as picking up a pitchfork, or feeling like you’re fundamentally right. But in the long run, it leads to a more curious, educated and harmonious society, which is the biggest win of all. A．Avoid mistakes B．Check your sources C．We all enjoy feeling like we’re right D．But not all of what’s out there is quite what it seems E．So pay attention to differences in many situations F．So don’t rush to decide, and be actively prepared to change your mind G．Putting yourself into the other person’s shoes can have more fruitful outcomes 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．E 39．G 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了增强批判性思维的几个策略。 假如你是李华，你校将要举行中国古典诗词朗诵比赛（Chinese Classical Poetry Reciting Competition），请你给你校的外国交换生Tom写一封信邀请他参赛，内容包括： 1．比赛的目的； 2．比赛的时间和地点； 3．比赛的注意事项。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语和结束语已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 【答案】参考范文 Dear Tom, I am writing to invite you to take part in Chinese Classical Poetry Reciting Competition to be held in our school. The aim of this competition is to arouse students’ love for Chinese traditional culture and popularize Chinese poetry. Moreover, we hope to strengthen the communication between Chinese students and the foreign exchange students in our school. The competition will begin at 6 p.m. next Friday in our school lecture hall. Competitors are expected to choose a poem by themselves. If you are interested in it, please tell me. I sincerely hope that you can take part in it. I am looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的邀请信。要求考生给学校交换生Tom写一封信，邀请其参加学校举办的中国古典诗词朗诵比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 目的：aim→ purpose 此外：moreover→ what’s more/besides 独自：by oneself → on one’s own 真诚：sincerely→ genuinely/with sincerity 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am writing to invite you to take part in Chinese Classical Poetry Reciting Competition to be held in our school. 拓展句：I am writing to invite you to take part in Chinese Classical Poetry Reciting Competition which will be held in our school. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to invite you to take part in Chinese Classical Poetry Reciting Competition to be held in our school.（运用了不定式形式担当后置定语） 【高分句型2】If you are interested in it, please tell me. I sincerely hope that you can take part in it.（运用了if引导的状语从句和that引导的宾语从句 课后练习 综合填空（原14讲） If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, then you’d better check the Durban City Tours, 36 is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants 37 (wander) around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one 38 you want . You will also be able to taste all the delicious South African food here. You can choose 39 Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place 40 (tour) with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the street. Tourists and even the local villagers just can’t get enough of these 41 (pleasure)! However, 42 is important that you make necessary arrangements. If you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, you’d better choose the Street Scene Tours. All their staff 43 (train) specially. They will 44 (sure) make your stay here 45 (forgettable). 36．which 37．wandering 38．if 39．from 40．to tour 41．pleasures 42．it 43．have been trained 44．surely 45．unforgettable 11 进门考 单句语法填空 1.The little boy looked at the box for a long time and then he opened it out of ________ (curious)．答案：curiosity 2.When you and your parents have got into an argument during a discussion, collect your thoughts and state your case as ________ (accurate) as you can.答案：accurately 3.It was reported that dozens of people were ________ (trap) underground by an earthquake.答案：trapped 4.His success was because of the fact ________ he had been working hard.答案：that 5.I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with ________ (dozen) of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach.答案：dozens 6.Always believe that your goal is attainable as long as you commit yourself to ________ (achieve) it. 答案：achieving 7.The railway is still under ________ (construct)．答案：construction 8.We aim to bring ________ prices on all our computers.答案：down 9.They will be concerned to do the right thing—to dress properly, ________ instance.答案：for 10.In addition to its health benefits, dancing is a fun way ________ (release) positive energy and make society more pleasant. 答案：to release 11.People ran for the exits, screaming(scream) out in terror. 12.The incidence of the illness differs(difference) greatly between men and women. 13.Predictions (predict) of an early improvement in the housing market proved false. 14.He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving (leave)the breakfast untouched. 第十一讲 选择性必修二Unit1The Mass Media(第三课时)+阅读理解专练 【学习目标】 1、选择性必修二Unit1The Mass Media Grammar usage-Integrated skills的重要词汇和句型； 2、阅读理解专练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part One New words in Grammar usage-Integrated skills 1.citizen n. 市民，公民----citizenship n. 公民身份；公民资格；国籍----netizen n. 网民 2.found v.创建；建立(founded-founded) set up/ establish/ found a company 创建一个公司 3.politics n. 政治； 政治观点，政见----politic adj. 明智的，谨慎的----political adj. 政治的，政府的 ---politician n. 政客----policy n. 政策，方针 4.accuse v. 谴责，控诉 accuse sb of doing sth 控告某人 be accused of/ be charged with 被控告，指责… 5.tax n. 税 to raise/cut taxes 增加╱削减税收 tax increases/cuts 税款的增加╱削减 6.mount n. 山 v. 逐步增加；攀登，爬上 mount up 增加，上升 The profit of the product is mounting up year by year. 产品的利益正逐年增加。 7.elevation n. 提升，提高；海拔---elevator n.电梯---elevated adj. 高贵的，职位高的 elevate v. elevate sb to sth 提升某人到什么位置 8. profession n. 行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明→professional adj. 专业的 n. 专业人员 9.drama n. 戏剧；戏剧性事件 a costume/historical drama 古装、历史等剧 10.scholarship n. 奖学金 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金 11.category n. 类别，种类 12. nevertheless adv. 尽管如此 Our failure was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless. 我们的失败是意料之中的，尽管如此，还是令人失望。 13.witness v. 见证；目击；作证 be witnessed by 被...见证 be a witness to sth 是...的见证者 a witness to the accident 事故的目击证人 14.edition n. 版本；一份；版次→edit v. 编辑→ editor n. 编辑 15.platform n. 平台，月台，站台 16.spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起 (sprang-sprung) New fast-food restaurants sprang up throughout the country. 17.interaction n. 互动；互相作用→interact v. 互动→interactive adj. 互动的 interact with… 和…互动 18.broadcast n. 广播节目 v. 播送，广播(broadcast- broadcast） The concert will be broadcast live. 音乐会将会被现场直播。 a live broadcast 现场直播 Part Two Words and sentences in Grammar usage-Integrated skills 1.while时间状语从句的省略 While in the library one day,he began chatting to two editors of a German-language newspaper. 一天,在图书馆里,他开始和一家德语报纸的两位编辑聊天。(P) 【归纳拓展】省略原则: ①从句的主语是it且在从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式; ②从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。 具备上述条件之一时,时间、条件、让步、比较、方式状语从句常省略从句的主语和be动词。 单句语法填空 ①Bicycles are available if 　　　　　(need).  ②When 　　　　　　(feel) depressed,I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories.  needed; feeling 2.found vt. 创建，创办；建立，兴建 In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch.1878年，他创办了《圣路易斯邮报》(P6) 【归纳拓展】 ①be founded on...建立在……基础上；把……建立在…… ②foundation n.创建;基础;地基 lay a (firm/solid) foundation for sth为....打下（坚实的）基础 ③founder n.创办者;发起人 【温馨提示】found意为“建立”;find的过去式和过去分词found,意为“找到,发现”。 The town was founded by English settlers in 1970.这座城镇是英格兰移民于1970年建立的。 His theory is founded on facts.他的理论是建立在事实上的。 单句填空 ①Born at an international crane　　　　　(found),Emma was raised by human caretakers.  ②Shen Nong is regarded as the 　　　　　(found) of Chinese herbal medicine even today.  ③The couple’s marriage is founded 　　　　　love and respect. foundation; founder; on ④The Trinity College Library is in Ireland, which ________ (found) at the end of the 16th century by Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ. was founded 3.accuse vt. 谴责，控诉 His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. 他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，谴责满口谎言的政府官员和逃税的富人。(P6) 【词块积累】 (1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. =charge sb. with (doing) sth. 　指责/控告某人(做)某事 (2)accusation n. 指责; 谴责; 控告 【知识延伸】 其他“v. +sb. of sth. ”结构的短语还有: ①inform sb. of sth. 　通知某人某事 ②rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ③remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 ④warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 ⑤cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人某病 单句语法填空 ①He denied the ________ (accuse) that he was involved in the murders. ②The department manager was fired after being accused ________ taking the company property for himself. ③This football player (accuse) of taking money for not scoring goals on purpose. 答案：①accusation　②of ③was accused ④The 　　　　　(accuse) look in her eyes conveyed her sense of betrayal. accusing 4.until引导时间状语从句 He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best-selling newspaper in the country.他采用了在《圣路易斯邮报》工作时采用的同样的商业策略,报纸的销量迅速增长,最终成为全国最畅销的报纸(P6) 【归纳拓展】 (1)until/till用于主句是否定句,且谓语动词是非延续性动词的句子时,表示从句动作结束时主句动作才开始;until/till用于主句是肯定句,且谓语动词是延续性动词的句子时,表示从句动作结束时主句动作随之结束。till引导的时间状语不能放于句首,也不能用于强调句中。 (2)当not until位于句首时,主句/句子要部分倒装。其结构为:Not until...+助动词+主语+谓语+...。 (3)not...until...的强调句型为:It is/was not until...that...。 (4)until/till可以作为介词,后接时间状语。 单句语法填空 ①I didn’t think about it much 　　　　　a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table.  until ②It was not until he came back that he knew the truth. 5.不定式(to do)作定语 Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of journalists at university level.(P6)普利策是第一个提倡在大学层面对记者进行培训的人 【用法讲解】 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用动词不定式(短语)作后置定语。 (2)一些抽象名词后常接动词不定式(短语)作定语，动词不定式(短语)说明名词的内容。常见的此类名词有way, ability, chance, courage, opportunity, right, promise等。 (3)不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。 单句语法填空 ①The outstanding feature of the DF－41 missile is its ability to_locate (locate) the accurate position of the target. ②This is a good chance to_go (go) to college, so she is unwilling to give it up. ③It is one of the first theme parks to_become (become) popular around the world. ④The ability_to_express_an idea is as important as the idea itself. ⑤I am wondering if you could recommend some poems to me for the English poetry recitation contest to_be_held(hold) next month in our school. 6.It is/was the first/second time (that)...这是第一/二次…… When O’Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957,it was the fourth time he had won it. 1957年,奥尼尔获得普利策戏剧奖,这是他第四次获奖。（P7） 【归纳拓展】 ①“It/That/This be the first/second...time+that...”句型,意为“这/那是某人第几次做某事”,主语可根据语境使用it,this或that; ②主句谓语为is时,that从句用现在完成时(have/has done);主句谓语为was时,that从句用过去完成时(had done)。 【拓展】It is/was (about/high) time (that) ... should do sth./did sth.意为“到了做某事的时间了”，相当于It is/was time for sb.to do sth.。 该是我们采取有效措施来防止环境污染的时候了。 It is high time that we took/should take effective measures to stop environmental pollution. 单句语法填空填空 ①It was the second time that he had_made (make) the same mistake. ②It is the first time that you have_attended (attend) a lecture concerning Tang poems. ③I think it is high time that you made/should_make (make) up your mind. 7.witness vt.& vi. 是发生……的时间(或地点)，见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象 n．目击者，见证人；证人 The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media.(P8)在过去的几十年里，我们见证了网络新闻媒体的快速发展 【归纳用法】 (1) a witness/witnesses to/of...… …的证人/证据；为某事提供证据 bear/give witness to sth 为某事作证/证明(此短语中witness前不加冠词，而且witness不用复数) in witness of作为……的证据/证人 (2)witness to(doing)..... 为(做)……作证；出庭证明；证实；说明 witness sth./that ...　　　　 目击……；见证…… 【注意】witness意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地见证、目睹、经历了某事。 The street corner has witnessed a series of accidents so far this year.这个街角今年到目前为止已经发生了一系列事故。 His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他的身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。 单句语法填空 ①History　_has_witnessed　(witness) the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world in the past few centuries. ②The box­office income of Chinese movies witnessed　(witness) a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. ③What the police did first was to question all the witnesses　(witness) involved in the accident last week. ④As an American living in Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been an honor to be a witness ________ China's great development. to ⑤What’s more, videos about the three years’ life, which witnessed(witness) the whole process of our growth, were played. 8.By+时间的用法 By the end of 1999, about 1,000 newspapers in China had set up their own online news platforms. (P8)到1999年底，中国约有1000家报纸建立了自己的网络新闻平台 【归纳】By加时间点的时态： by＋时间”与动作性强的动词连用时，主句多用于完成式。by后的时间可指现在、过去或将来时间点。 ①当by后加过去时间，用于主句是过去完成时。 ②当by后加现在时间，用于主句是现在完成时。 ③当by后加将来时间，且从句事件发生在主句事件之前，主句动词可用一般时态 I had finished my homework by yesterday.到昨天为止，我已经完成了我的作业。 I have finished my homework by now.到目前为止，我已经完成了我的作业。 By this time tomorrow, I will have finished this project.明天这个时候，我将会完成这个项目。 【注意】上述情况中当时间为将来时，主句动作发生在从句动作之后时，主句动词可用一般时态。 If you're not better by then, I will take you to see the doctor.如果到那时还不好些，我就带你去看病。 Can you finish this by tomorrow? 在明天以前你能做完这件事吗？ 单句语法填空 ①By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned (learn)maths all by himself. I shall have finished it by the time you come back. ②They must have finished (finish)their work by this time. ③By next Sunday you will have stayed (stay)with us for three months. 9.spring up 迅速出现,突然兴起 At almost the same time,news websites with no print editions sprang up.几乎与此同时,没有印刷版的新闻网站如雨后春笋般涌现。(P8) 【归纳】spring n.春天，泉； v.(sprang/sprung---sprung)跳，跃；突然猛烈地移动；突如其来地做；突然出现(或来到) 【拓展短语】 spring at扑到 spring back反冲,跳回 spring over跳过 spring out跳出,冲出,突然冒出 spring from突然从……冒出,起源于,出身于,来自 spring to one’s feet 突然站起来 spring to one’s assistance 连忙站起来去帮助某人 There are several hot springs in the area.这地区有几处温泉。 New theatres and arts centers sprang up all over the country. 新的剧院和艺术中心突然在全国各地涌现。 He sprang to his feet, grabbing his keys off the coffee table.他一跃而起，从茶几上一把抓起自己的钥匙 写出下列句中spring的词性及含义 ①When spring comes, the animals that sleep in winter start waking up. ________ ②Affected by the earthquake happening in March, seven springs dried up. ________ ③He turned off the alarm and sprang out of bed. ________ 答案：①n. 春天　②n. 泉　③v. 跳起 单句填空 ①Girls spring 　　　　　faster than boys before 18.  up ②The cat crouched,ready to spring 　　　　　the mouse.  at ③Touching something soft,I sprang quickly 　　　　　.  back ④Everyone sprang ________ their feet when the principal walked in. to　 10.interaction n.互动;互相作用 Interaction was also encouraged as readers could post their own comments.（P8）也鼓励互动,因为读者可以发表自己的评论。 【归纳拓展】 (1)interact v.互动;互相作用 interact with与……相互作用 interact on作用;影响;制约 (2)interactional adj.相互作用的 interactive adj.交互式的,相互作用的 单句填空 ①The parents were asked to interact　　　　　their children as they normally would,and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.  ②There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to________(interact) fun,so there’s something for everyone! with; interactive ③Teachers should pay attention to the (interact)students in the process of teaching. interaction Part Three Grammar points(过去完成时) 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 　 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 　 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 　 She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. (一)过去完成时的用法 1.表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态 可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片 2．表示过去一定时间内某动作或状态的延续 由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 He told us that he had done the scientific research for 5 years.他告诉我们他做科学研究已经5年了。 3．表示过去未能实现的计划、愿望或想法等 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 I had never thought that you were content to help me.我从未想过你愿意帮我。 4.用于主句是一般过去时的间接引语中 过去完成时常常用在tell, say, know, hear, think等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well.他说他对她很熟悉。 5．状语从句中的过去完成时 在状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。常由when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导。 When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 【注意】before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句多用一般过去时。 After he arrived in England, he worked hard to improve his English.他到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 6.过去完成时的常用固定句型 (1)主语＋had hardly/scarcely＋过去分词＋when/＋had＋no sooner＋过去分词＋than从句(从句用一般过去时)；当hardly, scarcely, no sooner表示否定意义的词位于句首时，主句要倒装 I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下雨了。 (2)It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时) It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。 (3)It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)从句(从句用过去完成时) It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 (4)主句(过去完成时)＋by the time ... (一般过去时) We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.在他们到达之前，我们已经做好一切准备了。 (5)句子(过去完成时)＋by the end of ... (表示过去的时间) By the end of last term, we had learned English at least for four years.到上个学期末，我们至少已经学了四年英语。 7.过去完成时和一般过去时的区别 (1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”；当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 We had reached the station before ten o'clock.10点钟之前我们已到达了车站。 We reached the station at ten o'clock yesterday.昨天十点我们到达了车站。 (2)过去完成时与一般过去时都可以和确定的、表示过去的时间状语连用，但意义有所不同。 He had done the work at six o'clock.在6点钟的时候他已经完成了那项工作。 He did the work at six o'clock.他是在6点钟的时候做那项工作的 单句语法填空 1．Jack didn't realize that he ________ (leave) his electronic dictionary on the bus until he got home. had left 2．My friends enjoyed the pool party at my house because I ________ (prepare) many fun games beforehand. 答案：had prepared 3．The President extended warm congratulations and sincere greetings to all members who ________ (participate) in the Chang'e­5 mission. 答案：had participated 4．By the age of 25, he ________ (become) a publisher.答案：had become 5．He ________ (try) his best although he failed.答案：had tried 阅读理解一 When making decisions, most people view cost as an important consideration. While price is undoubtedly important, what about some hidden costs that also come into play? For example, what are the long—term effects of your decision? Have you considered how your decision impacts your relationships? Simply put, hidden costs may be invisible to the naked eye, but they're very visible (可见的) to your wallet. Ignoring these factors can cost you a lot. Consider a scene where a manager cuts costs by asking some workers to leave. While this move reduces salary expenses, how will it impact the morale (士气) and loyalty of the remaining employees? Similarly, imagine somebody spending hours surfing the web, lost in searching for cheaper things. The question is whether the savings equal the spent time. If cost is your only consideration, you'll pay the price. Price Isn't the Only Cost! Furthermore, even if cost is the only factor in your decision—making, all of the “true costs” should be considered. For example, if you're thinking about buying new technology the equipment cost is only part of the price. People will need training, the software may need customization, and you'll probably lose productivity until people get up to speed. Those are real costs too. In addition, even when price is the main consideration, it's important to tell the difference between price and value. For example, when you're investing in a high—quality product from a famous organization, compare maintenance (保养) and repair costs with its competitors, assess the product life span, and hear what existing customers have to say. As the old saying goes, “You get what you pay for.” Always keep in mind that every time you say “yes” to one thing, you're certainly saying “no” to another. So, in decision—making, always consider invisible costs. This ensures you're aiming for the best solution rather than a good one. After all, choices are easy. The tough part is living with them. 28．What does the underlined phrase “come into play” in paragraph I mean? A．Come into sight. B．Play a part. C．Come into use. D．Play around. 29．What may be the hidden cost of firing workers? A．Reducing salary expenses. B．Cutting costs of the company. C．Doing wonders for the workers' morale. D．Discouraging the remaining workers. 30．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By listing figures. C．By using space order. D．By explaining concepts. 31．What can we learn from this passage? A．You get what you pay for. B．Price is the main consideration. C．Considering the best solution is easy. D．Be thoughtful when making decisions. 【答案】28．B 29．D 30．A 31．D 阅读理解二 There are five trillion (万亿) pieces of plastic in our oceans. Most of the plastic found at the bottom of the sea is waste such as plastic bottles and bags, designed to be used just once, then thrown away. Some researchers found that sea creatures living in the deepest reaches of the sea had small pieces of plastic in their stomachs and muscles. A huge whale washed ashore in Spain last year with 28 kilos of plastic in its stomach died. This year Sir David calls for actions against plastic pollution and the UN leads a campaign against plastic pollution seen as one of the world's most pressing environmental issues. The European Union is set to approve a total ban on one-use plastics. Bangladesh (孟加拉国) became the first country to ban plastic bags in 2002, after floods linked to plastic waste. Since then. 54 countries have banned lightweight plastic bags. According to Greenpeace statistics, every minute of every day, the same amount of a truck of plastic enters the world's oceans Waste such as bottles, nappies and beer holders can last for up to 450 years in the environment Some plastics last for 1, 000 years. Andy Sharpless, CEO of a non-profit group Oceana says, “Our focus on recycling is, unfortunately, making the problem worse. Recycling will never stop the flow of plastics into our seas, so to focus on recycling efforts is a fatal mistake. In fact, plastic bottles usually made from natural plastic, if recycled, can become something like clothes and carpets. This change in the quality makes the use of recycled plastic limited.” “Governments need to do their part too,” Sharpless argues, “and big businesses need to shoulder more responsibility — as the central problem is the amount of plastic being produced.” “The solution needs to focus on both usage of plastic and making it in large quantities.” says TrewinRestorick. CEO of environmental behaviour change charity Hubbub. 32．What can we know about the plastic in the ocean? A．Plastic is polluting the oceans. B．Sea creatures are fed plastic. C．Plastic can disappear in the seas. D．Plastic pollution has been taken seriously. 33．How does Andy Sharpless feel about current plastic recycling? A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Appreciative. 34．What is TrewinRestorick's suggestion on how to deal with plastic pollution? A．Recycle more plastic. B．Raising awareness of environmental protection. C．Limiting plastic production. D．Find alternatives to plastic. 35．In which part of a newspaper can we see this text? A．Opinion. B．Culture. C．Environment. D．Entertainment. 【答案】32．A 33．B 34．C 35．C 课后练习 单句语法填空 1．It was the first time that I (be) a volunteer in MSF. 2．He said the team (experiment) with different types of food products, but the models they got weren't as successful. 3．James said, “I took the book home with me.” →James said that he (take) the book home with him. 4．By the time he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself. 5．By August 1939, Winton (save) 669 children. 6．By the end of 2021, the “digital Dunhuang project” (complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes. 7．He (roll) up his jeans, apparently waiting in the pond. 8．The bill he (oppose) since he took office was eventually passed, resulting in more young men being recruited into the army. 9．The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people. 10．By the end of the expedition, we (climb) 12 mountains, watched 108 nest boxes, tagged 35 mammals, banded 74 birds and measured more than a thousand trees. We were tired out... 1．had been2．had experimented3．had taken4．had learnt/had learned5．had saved 6．had completed 7．had rolled8．had opposed9．had contacted10．had climbed 12 进门考 单句语法填空 1. Rescuers found victims __________(trap) several feet underground. 2. Mr Sharp would not comment on the nature of the issues __________(investigate).   3. The sales figures won’t __________ (release)until sometime next month.   4. We can safely draw some __________(conclude) from our discussion. 5. That’s a powerful lesson on how important it can be to __________(accurate) communicate to each other. 6. He is such a __________(curiosity) boy, always asking questions. 7. The company’s __________ (commit)to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. 8. It didn’t take much __________ (persuade)to get her to tell us where he was. 9. He wants to show the world that anyone can learn to be __________ ambassador. 10. He was __________ (amuse)to see how seriously she took the game. 1.trapped 2.being investigated 3.be released 4.conclusions 5.accurately 6.curious 7.commitment 8.persuasion 9.an 10.amused 第十二讲 选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media(第四课时)+语法填空专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修二 Unit1 The mass media Extended Reading的重要词汇、句型； 2、综合填空训练，提升基础知识点的运用能力。 【学习过程】 Part One New Words in Extended Reading 1.advertisement n. 广告 →advertise v. 做广告；征聘；宣传→advertisement n. 广告 advertise a product 为一个产品打广告 advertise for a manager 征聘一名经理 2.persuasion n. 说服→ persuade v. 说服；使信服 persuade sb to do/ into doing 说服某人做某事 3.channel n. 渠道，途径；频道；电视台 the Channel/the English Channel 英吉利海峡 the Channel Tunnel 英吉利海峡隧道 4.peak n. 高峰；山峰； at the peak of 在...高峰 at sth’s peak 在某事物的全盛期 5.boost v. 使增长，使兴旺 n. 增长；帮助，激励 boost one’s confidence 增强自信 boost profits 提高利润 a boost in car sales 汽车销售额的增长 6.psychology n. 心理；心理学 ---psychological adj. 心理的；心理学的；精神上的 ---psychologist n. 心理学家，心理学者 7.purchase v. 购买 purchase sth from sb 从...购买某物 8.memorable adj. 难忘的，值得纪念的 9.slogan n. 口号，标语 10.teapot n. 茶壶 11.get across 被传达，被理解，把...讲清楚 get around 传播；流传 get through 顺利通过 get over完成，结束 12.brand n. 品牌 brand image 品牌形象 brand new 崭新 13.ambassador n. 大使，代表 14.placement n. 植入，安置 15.rating　n. 收视率；等级，级别 rate v. 对... 评估，评价 rate sb/sth as ... 评价某人/某物 n. 速度，速率 at any rate 不管如何 at this rate 照此情形 16.sponsor v. 赞助；主办；资助 n. 赞助商，赞助者----sponsorship n. 资助 17.absorb v. 理解，掌握；吸收---absorption n. 吸收；专注；全神贯注；专心致志 ----absorptive adj. 吸收性的；有吸收力的 absorb sb/oneself in (doing) sth 专心做某事 be absorbed in (doing) sth专心做某事 Absorbed in their game, these children didn’t feel hungry. Absorbing themselves in their game, these children didn’t feel hungry. 18.discount n. 折扣 v. 打折出售 at a discount 折价；打折 a discount shop打折商店 19.tailor v. 专门制作，定做 n. 裁缝 tailor A to B 专门为B定做A The advertisement is tailored to the needs of special group.这个广告是专门为特殊群体而制定的 20.brighten up 增加乐趣，明亮 Fresh flowers will brighten up any house. 鲜花会使任何的房子都高亮生色 21.housing n. 住房 22.estate n.住宅区，大片私有土地 housing estate 住宅区，住宅群 real estate 房地产 23.amuse v. 消遣，逗笑→ amusement n. 消遣，娱乐→amused adj.觉得好笑的→amusing adj. 有趣的，引人发笑的 amuse oneself 自娱自乐 the amusement park 游乐场 Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Extended Reading 1.persuade vt. 说服；使信服 In other words, it tries to persuade you to buy a product or service.换言之，它(广告)试图说服你去购买一种产品或服务。(P11) 【归纳用法】 (1)persuade sb. to do sth. =persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做..... persuade sb. not to do sth. =persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做..... persuade sb. of sth. /that. . . 使某人相信…… (2) persuasion n. 说服; 说服力; 信念 (3) persuasive adj. 有说服力的; 劝诱的, 劝说的 When he retired three years ago, he persuaded his church music director to take him as a student.三年前他退休时，他说服了他的教堂音乐总监收他作学生。 Do you think young people are easily persuaded into buying new products?你认为年轻人很容易被说服买新产品吗？ My family persuaded me that a holiday might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I went.我家人说服我去休假，这也许是医生要求我做的，于是我就去了。 【拓展】表示“试图说服某人做某事而未涉及结果”，用try to persuade sb to do sth或advise sb to do sth 【注意】 ①persuade表示“说服，劝说”，强调说服的结果。 ②advise表示“劝告，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。 单句语法填空 ①He tried to persuade me ________ (give) up smoking, but in vain. ②Don't let yourself be persuaded into ________ (buy) things you don't really need. 答案：①to give　②buying ③While shopping，people sometimes can’t help (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need. ④In order to cut down the emission of carbon dioxide,the citizens (persuade) to cycle to work. 1.being persuaded2.were persuaded 2.so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语 As media channels have grown in number and type, so have advertisements．(P11)随着媒体渠道在数量和类型上的增长，广告也在增长。 【拓展用法】 (1)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“某人/某物也这样”。 (2)“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“某人/某物也不这样”。 (3)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is (was) with ... /It is (was) the same with ...。 Nancy had a great time at the party. So did her husband.南希在晚会上玩得很开心。她的丈夫也是(很开心)。 She shouldn't have yelled at you; neither/nor should I.她不应该对你大喊大叫，我也不应该(对你大喊大叫)。 Henry is very clever but he doesn't work hard at his lessons. So it is with his little brother.亨利很聪明，但是不努力学习。他的弟弟也是。 单句语法填空 ①Ross is a top student in our class, and ________ is Jenny. ②Caroline has never ever broken her promise, and ________ have I. 答案：①so　②nor 3.advertise vi.& vt.做广告,登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传 If an advertisement is placed on a popular website or on TV at peak times,a huge number of people will know about the product or service it is advertising.（P11） 如果一则广告被投放在一个热门网站或黄金时段的电视上,许多人都会知晓它所宣传的产品或服务。 【归纳拓展】 (1)advertise sth为……做广告 advertise for登……广告招聘或寻找……；登广告征求某事/物 advertise in sth在某处登广告 be advertised as...被宣传为…… advertise for sb to do... 登广告招聘/雇佣某人做某事 (2)advertisement n.广告,启事;广告活动,广告宣传 put an advertisement in.... 在......上发布广告 (3)advertising n.广告活动,广告业 (4)advertiser n.广告者,广告客户 If you want to attract more customers, try advertising in the local paper.如果你要吸引更多顾客，就试试在当地报纸上登广告。 The nursing home is advertising for a volunteer to help look after the patients. 这家疗养院正在登广告招聘一名志愿者帮助照顾病人。 If you are in search of your missing pet, you'd better put an advertisement in the newspaper.如果你在寻找丢失的宠物，你最好在报纸上登个广告 单句语法填空 ①An ________ (advertise) uses words and pictures to persuade people to buy a product or service, or to believe in an idea. ②He advertised ________ an assistant in the local newspaper. 答案：①advertisement　②for 4.why引导表语从句 That is why when a company wants to promote a product or service, it often launches a mass media advertising campaign.(P11) 那就是为什么当一家公司想推销一种产品或服务时，它通常会发动一场大众媒体广告运动。 that is why ... “那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，且在从句中充当状语。that在此为指示代词，指代前面提到的事情。 【归纳】表示“原因”的其他相关表达： ①That is the reason why ... 那就是……的原因 ②That/It is because ... 那是因为…… ③The reason (why ...) is that ... (……的)原因是…… Mr Li was ill yesterday. That was why he didn't give us lessons.李老师昨天生病了，所以他没有给我们上课。 I fell asleep quickly. That was because I was tired.我累了，那就是我很快就睡着的原因。 The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.每年需要重新注射的原因是这病毒经常变化。 【注意】That's why ... 后接某事发生的结果，That's because ... 后接某事发生的原因。 单句语法填空 ①I got up late this morning; that is ________ I was late for school. ②We were so late, that is ________ the traffic was heavy. 答案：①why　②because ③I always try to overcome difficulties; that is why I have always succeeded where others have failed. 5.purchase vt. 买，购买　n. 购买，采购；购买的东西，购买项目 Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services.基于产生购买欲望背后的心理学，广告商开发了说服人们购买他们的产品或服务的方法(P11) 【归纳用法】 (1)purchase sth from.... 从....处购买某物 make a purchase 采购 (2)purchaser [C]买主，购买人 (3)purchasable adj.买得到的，可收买的 You can purchase the equipment from the local supplier.你可以从当地的供应商处购买这种设备。 She made many purchases on the Internet.她在网上买了许多东西 易混辨析：purchase/buy ①purchase正式用词，指大宗购货或购买重要东西。无感情色彩，强调物品的购得。 ②buy普通日常用词，既可指日常随意购物也可指大的购买。 单句语法填空 ①I would, in turn, purchase them ________ you at twice the market value. ②That bag is ________ really good purchase. 答案：①from　②a ③I am wondering if you mind telling me the purchase price of your new house. 6.memorable adj. 难忘的，值得纪念的 A common technique to make an impact is to create a memorable slogan.(P11)产生影响的一个常见技巧是创造一个令人难忘的口号 【归纳用法】 (1)memory n.记忆，记忆力；内存，[计]存储器；回忆 in memory of.... 为了纪念...... (2)memorable adj.难忘的，值得纪念的 (3)memorize v.记住，背熟；记忆 (4)memorial n.纪念仪式；纪念物 adj.纪念的，追悼的 a memorial statue/prize 纪念像/奖 A film will be made in memory of those brave firefighters.为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。 Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.无论你的年龄或兴趣是什么，巴克斯顿都有可以看或做的事情，使你的参观真正难忘。 In the part of prize­awarding, every volunteer was issued with a Certificate of Excellent Volunteer and memorial postcards.在颁奖环节中，每个志愿者都获得了“优秀志愿者证书”和纪念明信片。 单句语法填空 ①People have to ________ (memory) about 600 characters before they can do even basic reading and writing. ②I still remember the hard­working ________ (memory) time in high school. 答案：①memorize　②memorable ③The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, a poet in ancient China. ④The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman. 7.get across 被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚 What message does it try to get across?它想传达什么信息？(P12) 【归纳用法】 get about 走动；(消息等)传开 get along 进展；相处融洽 get down 写下，记下 get down to (doing) sth 开始(做)某事 get into 陷入(某种情绪)；养成(某种习惯) get over 从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态；克服，克制；战胜 get rid of 摆脱；除去 get through 熬过(困境)；接通电话；通过(测试) get around各处走动；（新闻或消息）传开(=get about)；成功地对付，解决 get away 离开，外出度假；摆脱 Sooner or later you'll get over the shock.迟早你会从震惊中恢复过来的。 He's not good at getting his idea across to others.他不擅长向其他人说清楚自己的观点。 Your meaning didn't really get across.你的意思并未真正被别人理解。 I telephoned twice, but couldn't get through.我打了两次电话，但都没打通。 单句语法填空 ①She got through her exams without too much trouble. ②We walked to the next beach to get away from the crowds.There were fewer people there. ③I must get down to booking the hotels. ④We tried to get our idea across, but he just wouldn't listen. ⑤I'm going to get down to studying (study)English this term. ⑥The old man was extremely difficult to get along with. 8.“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”是一个固定句型，意为“越……，就越……” The more we like the brand ambassador, the more we will be attracted to buy the product.(P12) 我们越喜欢这个品牌大使，我们就越会被吸引去购买这个产品 【归纳用法】 (1)“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”的第一句相当于一个条件句，常用一般现在时表示将来，第二句相当于主句。 (2)该句型中，当形容词的比较级修饰名词时，需要将被修饰的名词一起提到句首。 (3)该句型可使用省略结构 The harder you work, the quicker you will learn. 你越努力，学得越快。 The more you practise, the better you can speak English. 你练习越多，你的英语就能讲得越好。 The more you practise, the more knowledge you will get.你实践得越多，你得到的知识就越多 单句语法填空 ①________ sooner, the better. ②The more time you spend on a subject, the ________ (great) progress you will make. 答案：①The　②greater 9.absorb vt. 理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力 We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they will probably have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. 我们不假思索地接受了这些营销信息，而这些信息有可能对我们下次购物产生影响（P12） 【归纳用法】 (1)absorb...from...从……中吸收…… absorb...into...把……吸收入/并入…… absorb oneself in专心于；全神贯注于 absorb one's attention ＝ attract/draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 (2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的 (be) absorbed in...全神贯注于…… 【注意】类似用法的还有： ①be lost in ... 陷入……；专心致志于…… ②be caught/trapped in ... 被困在…… ③be buried in ... 埋头于…… ④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于…… ⑤be occupied in ... 忙于…… ⑥be involved in ... 专注于…… When he is deeply absorbed in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping.当他专注于工作时，他总是废寝忘食。 A strange rattling sound absorbed his attention.一阵奇怪的咯吱声吸引了他的注意力。 I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me.我一直忙于学习，并试图了解身边所有的新事物。 (1)写出下列句中absorb的含义 ①This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work. ________ ②Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. ________ 答案：①吸引全部注意力　②吸收 (2)单句表达 ①一本好书能彻底地吸引我们的注意力，以至于我们暂时忘掉周围的一切。 A good book could ________________________ so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings. ②这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。 The cream is easily ______________ the skin. 答案：①absorb our attention　②absorbed into 单句语法填空 ①The journalists were absorbing (they) in the event when something strange came about. themselves ②Absorbed in picking (absorb), we didn’t notice evening approaching. ③His mind was like a sponge, ready to_absorb (absorb) anything. ④Absorbing (absorb)himself in his work, Tom didn't look up when I came in. 10.the next time 引导时间状语从句，表示“下次……” We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they will probably have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. 我们不假思索地接受了这些营销信息，而这些信息有可能对我们下次购物产生影响（P12） 【归纳用法】 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： (1)由time构成的名词词组：each time, the first/last time, next time, any time等。 (2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute, the instant, the second, the moment等。 (3)the＋时间名词：the day/week/year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter等 Do look me up the next time you're in London.你下次到伦敦，一定要来看我。 You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。 The moment/minute/instant/second Lang Ping stepped into the stadium, nobody could stay seated.郎平一踏进体育场，所有人都站了起来。 The day I left here, they all came to see me off.我离开这里的那一天，他们都来给我送行。 【注意】在“This/It is/was the first time＋that从句”中，从句要用完成时(现在完成时/过去完成时)。 单句语法填空 ①________ moment he finished his work, the bell rang. ②It is the first time that she ________ (play) a part in a film. 答案：①The　②has played 11.discount n. 折扣　vt. 打折出售、 ....and we are very likely to receive special discounts and promotions targeted specifically at us.而且我们很可能会收到专门针对我们的特别折扣和促销(P12) 【归纳用法】 (1)at a discount 打折扣；不受欢迎，没销路 get/give/offer a discount 得到/给与/提供折扣 discount rates/prices 贴现率；折扣价 (2)discount sth as sth 认为某物不重要；对某物不全信 Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.现在我们有10天的特别优惠，在这期间您可以享受半价折扣和免费送货。 Energy drinks give you less energy if you buy them at a discount.你打折买来的能量饮料，为你提供的能量会变少。 单句语法填空 ①Her sincere explanation was discounted ________ a lie. ②They are often available ________ a discount.答案：①as　②at 12.tailor vt. 专门制作，定做　n. 裁缝 In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific needs.(P12) 在未来，广告将更多地了解个人客户，并向他们发送针对特定需求的广告 【归纳用法】 (1)tailor sth to/for ..... 为.....专门制作某物；使某物适合..... tailor sth to meet/suit one’s needs/requirments 专门制作某物以满足/迎合某人的需求 (2)tailored adj.定制的；合身的；(为特殊目的或人)制作(或修改)的 Mr Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.史密斯先生让裁缝按他自己的尺寸做了几件新衣服。 You'll get in more questions, the discussion will be tailored to what you need most help on.你会得到更多的问题，讨论将针对你最需要帮助的方面。 单句语法填空 ①Arrangements can be tailored ________ (meet) individual requirements. ②He came in, dressed in a beautifully ________ (tailor) suit. 答案：①to meet　②tailored ③Special programmes of study are tailored (tailor)to meet the needs of specific groups. 13.Not only...but also...结构中的部分倒装 Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested in, but it will also help companies target their customers efficiently to have a positive effect on sales. 这不仅会让他们感觉更受重视，让他们能看到自己最感兴趣的东西，也会帮助公司有效地定位客户，以对销售产生积极的影响。(P12) 【拓展用法】 只把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，为部分倒装句。not only位于句首，其所在的分句要用部分倒装，but also所在的分句不倒装。 【归纳拓展】 含有否定意义的副词(never，nor，not，hardly，barely，rarely，little，seldom，nowhere等)或含否定词的介词短语(at no time，by no means，in no case，in no way，on no condition，on no account，under/in no circumstances 等)置于句首时，句子需要用部分倒装。 Not only do shared bicycles solve the last­mile problem but also they help improve air quality. 共享单车不仅解决了“最后一英里路”的问题，而且还有助于改善空气质量。 Under no circumstances should you make bad comments on others.任何情况下，你都不应该恶意评论他人。 At no time could we give up our plan.我们决不会放弃我们的计划。 Seldom does he realize the importance of communicating with others.他很少意识到与他人交流的重要性。 单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Not only he but also I am(be) committed to organizing voluntary activities. ②He has never seen such a nice old chair. →Never has_he_seen_such a nice old chair. ③He will never forget his first time to take a train. →Never_will_he_forget_his_first_time_to_take_a_train.　 ④We rarely think of how it all affects the environment and humankind. →Rarely_do_we_think of how it all affects the environment and humankind. 14.brighten up (使) 增添乐趣；(使)更艳丽 Students of a Nanjing senior high school brought joy to the elderly and brightened up their day by volunteering at a local nursing home last weekend.(P13) 上周末，南京一所高中的学生们在当地一家养老院做志愿者，给老人带来了快乐，点亮了他们的一天 【拓展up短语】 ①cheer up使高兴，使振奋 ②come up走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出 ③make up 编造(说法、解释等)；组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理 ④light up 照亮；点亮 ⑤take up 举(拿、捡、拔)起；占据；开始从事 ⑥pick up 拾起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；得到；用车接；好转 They have the ability to brighten up a room with acceptable costs. 他们有能力用可接受的成本使房间明亮起来。 Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by a warm welcome.一到教室，作者就因受到热烈欢迎而精神振奋。 Bright curtains can light up a dull room.色彩鲜艳的窗帘可以让单调的房间变得亮丽起来。 用up的相关短语填空 ①However, what my children want to do after school is ____________ a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. ②Peter will ____________ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. ③On a regular day, students at the school sometimes ____________ to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. 答案：①pick up　②take up　③come up 15.amuse vt. (提供)消遣；逗笑 After lunch the residents and the young volunteers amused themselves with art activities which included Chinese painting and calligraphy.(P13) 午饭过后，(敬老院的)老人们和年轻志愿者参与艺术活动以作消遣，这些艺术活动包括练习中国画和书法。 【归纳用法】 (1)amuse sb with/by .... 用.....逗某人开心 amuse oneself 自娱自乐 be amused at/by.... 以.....为乐；被……逗乐 be amused to do.... 因做……而觉得好笑 It amuses sb to do sth 做某事使某人感到好笑 It amuses sb that...使某人感到好笑的是…… (2)amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的 amused adj. 被逗乐的；感到有趣的 (3)amusement n．[U] 愉悦；娱乐[C]娱乐活动；娱乐设施 to one's amusement 使某人发笑 for amusement 为了消遣 It amused him to think that they were probably talking about him at that very moment.想到就在这会儿他们正在谈论他，他不禁笑了起来。 Dan was both surprised and amused at the news.消息既使丹感到惊奇又使他感到好笑。 【注意】表示“使欢乐，使娱乐”的词还有：entertain, excite, delight, fascinate, please等。 单句语法填空 ①He had a terrific sense of humor and what he said could be very ________ (amuse)． ②Sara was not ________ (amuse) by Franklin's interesting story. ③We were amused ________ (learn) that he had made a foolish mistake. 答案：①amusing　②amused　③to learn ④Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves(they). ⑤He stopped and watched in/with amusement to see the child so absorbed. ⑥The old man sat in his rocking chair, amusing(amuse) himself by listening to Beijing Opera. 综合填空一 China’s new hit TV show To the Wonder has made Altay in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region a new 1 (trend) tourism destination among young people, 2 are attracted by the breathtaking views and the simple and heartwarming lives of the local residents. From May 7—the day the TV show began its 3 (commerce) airing, flight ticket bookings to Altay rose 20 percent 4 (compare) with the same period in the previous month, and hotel bookings doubled during the period on its platform. Altay has not become famous overnight, 5 has long been a destination well-known for its natural beauty. Altay has different 6 (charming) in summer and winter, and these distinct seasonal views are attractive to travelers. 7 , it hasn’t been very popular because of long travel times and higher costs of accommodation. It’s not the first time in recent years that a hit show 8 (help) turn its location into a popular tourism destination. In January 2023, the TV drama Meet Yourself, 9 (star) Liu Yifei and Li Xian, made Dali a popular tourism destination. Though Altay still lacks the capability to receive large numbers of travelers, the local authorities or tourism companies can optimize tour products combining natural views 10 cultural elements in Altay to improve people’s travel experiences. 1．trendy 2．who 3．commercial 4．compared 5．but 6．charms 7．However 8．has helped 9．starring 10．and 综合填空二 Chinese comedienne and actress Jia Ling recently revealed that she was losing weight for 11 upcoming role during her gap time. Jia Ling has lost 50 kilograms for her new movie YOLO. From the exposed photos, Jia Ling looks like a 12 (whole) different person. In the early teasers for YOLO, audience caught glimpses of Jia Ling’s dedication 13 her role as a boxer. However, it wasn’t until the movie’s release 14 viewers truly got to witness the extent of her transformation. Her 15 (define) abdominal (腹部的) muscles are clear and beautiful, making it hard to imagine that this is the same Jia Ling we once 16 (know). 17 (slim) down from 100 kg to 50 kg can’t be achieved overnight. She thought if you can’t bear the pain of discipline, you will have to accept the mediocrity (平庸) of yourself. She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity and has chosen to challenge herself, determined 18 (exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today. Her path to success has been filled with hardships and challenges, 19 she has never given up on her 20 (pursue)and dream for herself. She shows us through her actions that regardless of the circumstances, as long as you have determination and perseverance, you can definitely achieve success. She not only brings us laughter and touches our hearts but also conveys a positive and uplifting energy. 11．an 12．wholly 13．to 14．that 15．defined 16．knew 17．Slimming 18．to exchange 19．but 20．pursuit 课后练习 单句语法填空 1．It's a very________(amuse) game to play. 2．It didn't take much________ (persuade) to get her to tell us where he was. 3．Her husband wants to make their honeymoon a _______ (memory) trip for her. 4．The government will allow them ________ (advertise) on radio and television. 5．I'll sell all these goods ________ a discount in return for a speedy sale. 6．Fresh flowers will brighten ________ any room in the house. 7．I created a way to get my message ________ while using as few words as possible. 8．The individual colours within the light spectrum are believed to have a different effect ________ health. 9．I ________ (be) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 10．It was the third time that he ________ (go) to China that year. 11．My brother asked me to go to the supermarket to buy dozens (dozen) of eggs. 12．In case I have not heard from you by that date, this offer will be automatically (automatic) withdrawn. 13．Don't let yourself be persuaded into buying (buy) things you don't really need. 14．The words “right” and “write” are spelt differently (differ) but they are pronounced the same. 15．Little John has curiosity (curious) about all the things he has met. 16．The more interaction (interact) the robot has with humans, the more it learns. 17．Suppose you were asked to write an essay describing a memorable (memory) event in your life. 18．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (absorb) in conversation. 答案 1．amusing　 2. persuasion　3．memorable 4．to advertise　5．at　6．up　7．across　 8．on　9．had been　10．had gone 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 09进门考 用所给短语的适当形式填空 (1)dig up (2)set ... aside (3)beyond my grasp (4)out of place (5)owe a debt to (6)be rooted in (7)distinguish ... from ... (8)make allowance for (9)contribute to (10) stick out 1. It’s the lines which _________________ that make a poem interesting. 2. The boy looked uncomfortable and _____________________ among the adults. 3. The complex poem is ________________________ so I want you to help me out. 4. Every day he ________ two hours ________ to keep his mother company. 5. They are ____________________ some clues to the mystery. 6. When we’re planning for a trip, we should ______________________ the weather. 7. All the efforts will _________________________ the cooperation and mutual understanding. 8. Li Bai’s romantic style ____________________ the social and historical context he lived in. 9. Those who cannot ____________ red _________ green cannot get a driving license. 10. We __________________ our military for their selfless services. 第九讲 选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media(第一课时)+完型专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media ReadingⅠ的要点词汇和重要句型； 2、完形训练，提升阅读理解力； 3、读后续写专练，提升分析写作能力。 【学习过程】 Part One New Words in Reading 1.critical adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的→critic n. 批评家 →criticize v. 批评，批判→ criticism n. 批评→critically adv. 批判性地 the critical thinking /period 批判性思维/关键时期 be critical to 对…重要，至关重要的 The decision is critical to the future of the company. 2.trap n. 陷阱；圈套；困境 v. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住(trapped-trapped) be trapped in… 被困在… 3.release v. 发布；释放；松开；发泄 n. 释放；发行；排放，泄露 release a movie 发行一部电影 4.ambulance n. 救护车 an ambulance man 一个救护人员 5. extend v. 延伸；扩大；延长；伸展→ extension n. 延伸，扩大→extensive adj. 广泛的；大量的；广阔的 extend a road/ one’s life/ one’s hand 扩建一条路/ 延长生命/ 伸出某人的手 extension n. 拓展；延伸；接发；（医学）牵引；（计算机）拓展名；（逻辑）外延 6.construction n. 建筑，建造；建造物→construct v. 建造 under construction 在建设中 7.dozen n. 许多；一打；十来个 two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 dozens of eggs数十个鸡蛋 8.minor adj. 轻微的，次要的；少量的→minority n. 少数，少数人 minor injuries 轻伤 major adj. 主要的→ majority n. 大多数 9.bath n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆→ bathe v. 沐浴；洗澡 have a bath 洗澡 be bathed in 沐浴在…之下 10.scream v. 尖叫；高声喊 scream out 大声喊 scream at sb 朝某人大喊 11.bark v. 吠叫，厉声发令 bark at 对...吠叫 12.choke v. 使窒息；使哽咽，说不出话来 choke to death 窒息死亡 choke out 哽咽着说出 13.department n. 部门，局，系 be sb's department 某人的职责范围（或知识范围） 14.cigarette n. 香烟 light a cigarette 点一根香烟 15.carpet n. 地毯 a carpet of snow 一层厚厚的雪 16.automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的，不及思索的→ automatically adv. 自动地 a fully automatic driver-less car 一辆完全无人驾驶的汽车 an automatic reaction 下意识的反应 17.investigate v. 调查，侦查；研究 investigation n. 调查；调查研究 investigate sb for sth 调查某人某事 18.come about 发生 Can you tell me how the accident came about? 19.journalist n. 新闻记者，新闻工作者---journal n. 日报，杂志；日记；分类账 --journalism n. 新闻业，新闻工作；报章杂志 20.priority n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点 Education is a top priority. 当务之急 take priority over sth 优先安排 21.contradict v. 相矛盾，相反；反驳→contradiction n. 矛盾→contradictory adj. 矛盾的 contradict oneself 自我矛盾 22.factual adj. 根据事实的，真实的 23.instance n. 例子，事例 for instance/example 比如说 in the first instance 第一 24.differ v. 不同；意见相左→different adj. 不同的→difference n. 不同点 differ from … in… 在…方面和…不同 differ over/about/on 对某事意见不同 25.conclusion n. 结论→ conclude v. 总结 reach/draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 总之 26.false adj. 错误的，不真实的；假的；非天生的 a false argument/assumption/belief 错误的论据╱假设╱信念 27.bring sth to light 揭露，披露 New facts were brought to light with investigation. 经过调查发现了新的事实。 28.minimum n. 最小值，最少 minimize vt. 使减到最少；小看，极度轻视 vi. 最小化 maximize v. （使）增加到最大限度；充分利用；找到……的最高值；最大化 29.sum v. 总结，概括 a large sum of money 一大笔钱 in sum 总之；总而言之=in a word 30.accurate adj. 准确的，正确无误的→ accuracy n. 精确度→accurately adv. 精确地；准确地 to be accurate 准确来说 31.commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费 →commit v. 承诺，保证; 犯罪；花钱或时间；全身心投入;忠于→ committed adj. 尽心尽力的；承诺过的 32.discrimination n. 区别对待，歧视；辨别力，识别力→ discriminate vt. 歧视;区别；辨别 vi. 区别；辨别 discrimination against the elderly 歧视老人 discriminate A from B 区别；辨别；区分 33.journalism n. 新闻业 Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Reading 1.critical adj. 批评的, 批判性的; 关键的, 危急的 Be a critical news reader!做一个批判性的新闻读者！(P2) [归纳用法] (1)criticize vt. &vi. 　批评; 评论; 苛求 criticize sb. /sth. (for sth. ) (因为……)批评某人/某事物 (2)critic n. 批评家, 评论家; 爱挑剔的人 criticism n. 批评; 考证; 苛求 (3)critically adv. 精密地; 危急地; 批评性地; 用钻研眼光地 单句语法填空 ①The coach criticized him ___ not focusing on his soccer skills. ②I don’t like to read his literary ________(critic). ③One of her ______(critic) accused her of caring only about success. (2)In this class we learned how_____________ (critical)famous ancient paintings of this period. 2.be thought to have done..... The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. (P2) 周日晚上的大火被认为是从八楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。 【句型分析】 主语为the fire，谓语动词为spread, which引导的非限制性定语从句解释说明主语the fire, 动词­ing短语leaving people ...在句中充当结果状语 Sb/sth is thought to do....意为“……被认为……”，不定式(短语)根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即 be thought to do.... 常表示一般情况或动作将要发生 be thought to be doing... 表示动作正在进行 be thought to be done 表示被动且动作将要发生 be thought to have done.. 表示动作已完成 be thought to have been done 表示被动且动作已完成 【注意】(1)可与“It's thought that ...”互换。 (2)常用于该句型的过去分词还有said, believed, considered, hoped, reported等 It is said/reported that...　　 据说/报道…… It is believed that... 人们相信/认为…… It is known to all that... 众所周知…… It is hoped/suggested that... 人们希望/建议…… The vase is thought to be worth a lot of money.这个花瓶被认为值许多钱。 Loulan is thought to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms hundreds of years ago.楼兰被认为是在数百年前被沙尘暴渐渐吞没的。 He is thought to have made a serious mistake.人们认为他犯了一个严重的错误 单句语法填空 ①Chinese is thought ________ (speak) even more widely in the future world. ②He is thought ________ (act) foolishly; now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 3.trap vt. (trapped，trapped)使落入险境，卡住，绊住 n．陷阱；困境；牢笼 The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 周日晚上的大火被认为是从八楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把位于高楼层的人们困在了里面。 【归纳用法】 be trapped in 陷于.......；被困在.....里面 trap sb into doing sth 设圈套诱使某人做某事 set/lay a trap for 给..... 设圈套 fall into a trap 落入陷阱 be caught in a trap 落入圈套 【注意】be trapped in 表示“被困在……”=：be/get stuck in, be/get caught in, be/get locked in, be/get blocked in A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。 The liar trapped me into believing his story.这个骗子诱骗我相信他的故事。 She had set a trap for the enemy and they walked straight into it.她给敌人设下了圈套，他们就径直钻了进去。 单句语法填空 ①Think carefully before you answer questions online; you may be trapped ________ giving away very important personal information.into ②After he_ (trap) for more than 40 hours，he was saved by a rescue team. ③The shopkeeper trapped me into ______ (buy) their poor quality milk. ④These incidents led some scientists to develop ways to keep the costly robots from 　(trap) in the sand. ⑤Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases 　(trap) in the atmosphere. 4.doing作结果状语 The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.（P2） 周日晚上的大火被认为是从八楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把位于高楼层的人们困在了里面。 现在分词短语作结果状语 (1)leaving people on the upper floors trapped为现在分词短语作结果状语。 (2)现在分词(短语)作结果状语，常表示意料、情理之中、自然而然的结果。 (3)不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，通常和only连用。 单句语法填空 ①After school we went to the reading room to do some reading,only (tell) that it was being decorated. ②Bernard took the popcorn around the houses and sold out all his popcorn, (make)him earn a lot of money. 5.that 引导的同位语从句 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5 according to figures released by emergency services. 根据应急服务机构公布的数据，死亡人数恐将达到5人(P2) 同位语从句：一般跟在某些名词(belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，possibility，promise等)后面，用以解释说明这些名词的内容。最常见的引导词是that，在从句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。此外，同位语从句的引导词还有how，when，where，why等，可翻译为相应含义。 I had no idea that he had already gone abroad.我不知道他已经出国了。 The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to people's health.这篇文章告诉我们这样一个事实——吸烟非常不利于人健康。 He can't answer the question how he got the money.他无法回答他是如何得到这笔钱的。 单句语法填空 ①I made a promise to myself this year, my first year in high school，would be different. ②There is much truth in the idea kindness is usually served by frankness. ③The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed. ④Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport？ 6.release vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services. 根据应急服务机构发布的数据，死亡人数恐将达到5人。(P2) 【归纳用法】 a release from prison 从狱中释放 the latest releases 最新发行的产品 the release of ..... ......的排放 a sense of release 解脱感 be on release (电影)在公映；发行中 release sb/sth from 从……中释放某人/某物 release pressure(/stress)/emotions 释放压力/发泄情感 release a movie/book 发行电影/书 Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。 A sense of release came to me immediately after the exam.考试一结束，我立刻有了一种解脱的感觉 [易混辨析]relieve/release ①relieve着重指减轻或暂时解除(痛苦，负担等)。 ②release指从根本上免除、解除。 (1)写出下列句中release的词性及含义 ①The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting COVID－19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis. ________ ②He stopped and faced her, releasing her wrist.________ ③The software is planned for release in April. ________ ④Perhaps one day your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy. ________ ⑤She burst into tears, releasing all her depressed emotions. ________ 答案：①vt. 发布　②vt. 放开　③n. 发行　④vt. 释放　⑤vt. 发泄，宣泄 (2)单句语法填空 ①Singing is a good way (release)stress and emotions. ②The factory keeps (release)smoke, polluting the city. ③A new version of the game (release)in September. (3)选词填空(relieve/release) ①The pill ________ my toothache. ②Death at last ________ her from her pain. 7.extend vi& vt. 延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展 By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor. Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p.m. 此时，大火已经蔓延到15楼。消防队员在晚上11点左右控制住了局势。(P2) 【归纳用法】 extend sth to sb 给某人提供某物 extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏/公路/房子 extensive adj. 广阔的，广大的，大量的 extension n.扩大，延伸；[C]延期，延长期，放宽期限 There are plans to extend the no smoking area.现已有扩大无烟区的计划。 She suffered extensive injuries in the accident.她在事故中受了重伤。 The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities.银行计划多方扩展信贷服务 单句语法填空 ①He first entered the country on a six－month visa, and was given a further ________ (extend) of six months. ②Scientists have carried out ________ (extend) research into the deep sea in the hope of finding new energy resources. ③When we encounter difficulties, they extended a helping hand us. 8.construction n. 建筑，建造；建造物 There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.（P2） 有人担心，建造这栋大楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。 【归纳用法】 (1)be under construction 正在建设中 (2)construct .....out of.... 用....搭建 construct a new factory 建一座新工厂 construct a machine 研发机器 The summer house was a simple wooden construction.那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。 The new suspension bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction now.这位著名的建筑师设计的新悬浮桥正在建设之中。 单句语法填空 ①The house was constructed ________ of wood. ②He has made an important ________ (contribute) to the company's success. ③The new airport ________________ lies in the east of the city. 正在建设的新机场位于城市的东部 9.dozens of很多,许多 The fire has also left dozens of people injured,5 of whom are in a critical condition.大火还造成许多人受伤,其中五人伤势严重。(p2) 【归纳拓展】dozen n.许多;(一)打;十来个 by the dozen按打计算 dozens of... 很多，许多（仅表示概数） In dozens=in large dozens 大批 half a dozen 半打 I bought three dozen eggs yesterday.我昨天买了三打鸡蛋。 I've spoken to him dozens of times, but I still don't know his name!虽然我和他说过很多次话，但我连他的名字都还不知道！ Eggs in the shopping center are sold by the dozen. 购物中心的鸡蛋按打出售。 【注意】 (1)dozen前有数词或者具有数词意义的词，如：a, many, several, some, a few等修饰限制时，dozen要用单数，后面接可数名词复数，且名词前通常无需用介词of。 (2)表示“部分与整体”的关系时，dozen即使是单数，也要加of，这时of后面多是一个加有限定词(如：these, those, the, my, Tom's 等)的复数名词或代词。 (3)“许多，大量”短语集合： dozens of; plenty of; lots/amounts/quantities of; a large/huge number of; a great deal of; an enormous amount of。 单句语法填空 ①I have decided to buy two dozen ________ those wonderful gifts for the children. ②To gather materials for my lectures, I had to read through ________ (dozen) of the books on economics. ③It appears in ________ (dozen) of movies, including all the Star Wars features. ④Eggs in the shopping center are sold 　　　　　the dozen. 10.be about to do sth when ... “正要做某事，这时(突然)……” I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.(P2)我正要洗澡，这时突然听到有人在尖叫，狗在狂吠。 在该结构中，when为并列连词，通常意为“就在那时/这时”，相当于“at that/this time”。 并列连词when构成的句型有： (1)be about to do sth when ...＝be on the point of doing sth when ... 正要做某事，这时(突然)…… (2)be doing sth when ... 正在做某事，这时(突然)…… (3)had (hardly) done sth when ... 刚做了某事，这时(突然)…… Seated in the classroom, I was about to take my books out when suddenly I became frozen. ＝Seated in the classroom, I was on the point of taking my books out when suddenly I became frozen.坐在教室里，我正要拿出书，这时我突然愣住了。 I had hardly turned on the computer when my parents came back.我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。 【注意】使用“had hardly done ... when ...”结构时，hardly如果放在句首，主句要用部分倒装句式。 Hardly had he left the room when the traveler entered.他刚离开房间，那客人就进来了。 单句语法填空 ①We were about to set off ________ it suddenly began to rain. ②We ________ (have) a meeting when someone broke in. ③I was really disappointed and about _ (leave) when he walked out of a building. 11.investigate vt.& vi.侦查，调查；研究 A team is currently investigating the accident further.调查组目前正在进一步调查这起事故。（P2） 【归纳用法】 (1)investigate sb.(for sth.) (因为某事)调查某人 investigate into 对……进行调查 (2)investigation n. 调查；调查研究 under investigation 调查进行中；在调查研究中 In this track and field competition，he was investigated for abuse of stimulants.在这次田径比赛中，他被调查滥用兴奋剂。 单句语法填空 ①This is not the first time he (investigate)by the police for fraud. ②An (investigate)is underway to find out how the disaster happened. ③The principal promised to investigate_ that affair. The source of infection for all three cases is still_ _investigation. 完型填空一 In the age-old fairy tale, Cinderella travels in a giant pumpkin carriage to meet her prince. In 31 life, everyday guy Duane Hansen paddled an 846-pound- 32 pumpkin 38 miles on the Missouri River to set a world record — on his 60th birthday, no less. People are calling him “ 33 ”. It took Hansen, from Nebraska, nearly a decade to 34 the giant pumpkin named “Berta” before he hollowed (挖空) it out and created a cooler inside that allowed it to float for a 35 journey. That 36 made it possible for him to 37 the previous world record for the “longest journey by a pumpkin boat” as Hansen paddled “SS Berta” for 11 hours on Saturday. Hansen is set to 38 Rick Swenson’s 2016 Guinness World Record completed for a 25-mile trip. Guinness World Records still has to 39 the journey. To confirm a record, Guinness requires 40 with its submissions, including photos, videos and witness statements. But there should be no 41 of evidence, considering Hansen’s accomplishment was all over social media. Officials in Bellevue, Nebraska, recorded Hansen’s journey inside “SS Berta.” “Cinderfella” also earned widespread praise as people across the globe wished him “pumpkin speed.” “Congratulations Duane for smashing the world record,” the city of Bellevue wrote in a Facebook post. “We are 42 that you started this record breaking 38 mile journey in Bellevue and it’s been fun to follow along. … Seems like a unique if not slightly 43 way to celebrate his 60th birthday.” Hansen began his journey as family and friends watched from public boat docks. The biggest hurdle was waves from other boats 44 to tip over his pumpkin boat. “I couldn’t even 45 to anyone because of the balancing act I had to do as water began to leak into the pumpkin…” he told the outlet. 31．A．working B．real C．social D．daily 32．A．rolling B．flowing C．floating D．wandering 33．A．Cinderella B．Berta C．Hansen D．Prince 34．A．cook B．make C．grow D．create 35．A．land B．water C．sand D．air 36．A．commitment B．plan C．fantasy D．activity 37．A．overshadow B．keep C．preserve D．maintain 38．A．turn over B．hand over C．take over D．think over 39．A．watch B．track C．shoot D．approve 40．A．sources B．reports C．evidence D．description 41．A．ignorance B．shortage C．need D．expectation 42．A．surprised B．satisfied C．proud D．certain 43．A．abnormal B．confusing C．scary D．crazy 44．A．aiming B．threatening C．happening D．tending 45．A．wave B．smile C．listen D．talk 完型填空二 Zhang Shangbao is a “village doctor”. He has been 46 more than 1,000 farmers deep in the mountains and 47 even after losing his right hand in an accident. In fact, Zhang has chosen to work 48 reaching the retirement age. One of Zhang’s biggest 49 is that although the government has built roads connecting the villages with the 50 world, he cannot ride a motorcycle to reach the villages with only one hand. He has no choice but to walk to his patients’ homes. Zhang has kept dozens of old 51 that other people would have thrown away long ago. Zhang said, “I keep them for use during an emergency. I can put on any of the old ones 52 one of those I am wearing is torn. Although they might not be exactly the same pair, it saves 53 , which is life for doctors and patients.” 54 , a pair lasts about one month, because he has to walk through rough mountainous areas. Back in the summer of 1995, the accident dealt a heavy blow to Zhang. Although Zhang was 55 back to health by his wife, he lost his 56 for some time. Villagers still sought his services. Initially, he 57 to give the villagers drips(点滴), but his patients encouraged him to give it a try. With years of 58 and after several tries, Zhang succeeded in performing his duty with only one hand. The villagers trust him and think Zhang is the one to 59 . Zhang has continued to work because he thinks since many of the youths have moved to cities for work, the 60 senior residents in the villages need special medical care. 46．A．educating B．serving C．guiding D．sponsoring 47．A．quits B．suffers C．withdraws D．proceeds 48．A．except B．despite C．until D．since 49．A．regrets B．dreams C．favors D．fears 50．A．current B．outside C．remote D．peaceful 51．A．coats B．glasses C．shoes D．trousers 52．A．in case B．so that C．as if D．in that 53．A．trouble B．money C．time D．space 54．A．Ultimately B．Normally C．Fortunately D．Strangely 55．A．encouraged B．urged C．motivated D．nursed 56．A．memory B．mind C．curiosity D．confidence 57．A．decided B．tended C．refused D．forgot 58．A．experience B．patience C．experiments D．preparations 59．A．count on B．respond to C．call on D．refer to 60．A．well-fed B．left-behind C．all-round D．old-style 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Last September was my first month of middle school, which was completely overwhelming (不知所措的). Every day in the passages, I felt lost and not very smart. Everyone at school seemed to know who they were and what they were doing, but not me. I was desperate to find my place at school. And then there was the school play. Hmm, costumes might be kind of fun. I added my name to the sign-up sheet for props and costumes. That’s the real beginning of this story, I guess. I’d had an enjoyable backstage making sure all the actors had their shoes and figuring out how to make a fake pocket watch out of a bicycle chain for the Train Conductor. But then, on opening night, Mr. Bash, the director, rushed up to me. “There you are, Maisy,” he panted (气喘吁吁). “I need you to step in for Bailey tonight. He broke his leg during lunch.” I started sweating. “I…” I stammered (结结巴巴地说), shaking my head. “Listen, I know this is short notice,” Mr. Bash said. “But we can’t do the show without Lost Cow. You know the cues because you’re always waiting to take the halter rope (缰绳) from Bailey and give him the straw hat.” “But…” “Just go onstage, get the rope from Train Conductor, do the shrug (耸肩), and walk off. After all, no one will even know that it’s you.” That stopped me short. If I had to go out there and recite a bunch of lines, I might faint. Or else throw up. But what if I were wearing the cow head, and my name wasn’t in the program, and no one could really even see me? Right then, I decided I’d try. Maybe it would be fun? So fifteen minutes later, I was waiting behind the curtain. “Ready, Lost Cow?” said a voice beside me. It was Mr. Bash. “No one knows it’s me, right?” I asked. “No one,” Mr. Bash said. 注意： 1. 写作词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I took a deep breath and stepped onto the stage. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Awesome job, Maisy.” Mr. Bash said, grinning (咧嘴笑). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I took a deep breath and stepped onto the stage. I did a ridiculous shrug at Train Conductor. I made the two Farmhand actors giggle when I bumped on purpose into the hay-wagon set. And I playfully whirled my tail as I exited the stage, whipping Train Conductor in the leg. Hearing people laugh and yell “Wooo!”, I grinned inside the cow head. It wasn’t so scary after all. Instead, it was so cool that I was pretty sure I had finally found my place at school.   “Awesome job, Maisy,” Mr. Bash said, grinning. “Did you enjoy it?” “Sure I did! It was just easy because I didn’t have to be me. It was just a character in a costume, you know?” “Well, that works out,” Mr. Bash said. “You’re so brave—I never could have done that when I was your age.” It felt different now, saying yes to putting myself out there. It turns out that I’d just needed some time to figure out what was true. 【导语】本文以作者的变化为线索展开，讲述了作者进入高中一个月后的时间里，自己不知道该做什么，自从参加了学校组织的一次话剧活动后，作者从一名后台负责道具和服装的人员到后来自己临时替换Bailey的角色，作者在这次经历中找到了自己的位置。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我深吸一口气，走上舞台。”可知，第一段可描写作者在舞台上的表现，根据第二段提示的内容可知，该部分描述作者出色的表现。 ②由第二段首句内容““干得好，Maisy，” Mr. Bash笑着说。”可知，第二段可描写作者Mr. Bash是如何赞许作者的以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：登台——尽情表演——作者感受——Mr. Bash赞许——感悟 3.词汇激活行为类①笑：giggle/laugh/smile/burst into laughter②撞击：bump/crash/hit ③旋转，摇晃：whirl/turn/swing/circle 情绪类①害怕的：scary/frightening/afraid②勇敢的：brave/bold 【点睛】[高分句型1]Hearing people laugh and yell “Wooo!”, I grinned inside the cow head. （运用了现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2]Instead, it was so cool that I was pretty sure I had finally found my place at school.  （运用了“so…that…”句型） [高分句型3]It turns out that I’d just needed some time to figure out what was true.（运用了固定句型“It turns out that…”以及what引导的宾语从句） 课后练习 一、单句语法填空 1．A youth was killed and another was ________(critical) injured. 2．You will ________(automatic) get free dental treatment if you are under 18. 3．His public speeches are in direct________ (contradict) to his personal lifestyle. 4．The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of ________ (curious). 5．Only a ________(minor) of children are fond of natural scenery while most of them like amusement parks. 6．How did this unhappy state of affairs come ________？ 7．There are jobs much more dangerous than truck driving；________ instance，being a rescuer. 8．There was one respect，however，in which they _______ (differ). 9．They ________(trap) in the burning building and luckily，the firefighters came to their rescue. 10．Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her schooldays by a nurse________(appoint) to guard her.　　 1．From then on，I was committed to (lose)weight and getting into shape. 2．Many people see the bases as an (extend)of American colonial rule. 3．Many facts emerged as a result of the (investigate). 4．Falling house prices are illustrative of the crisis facing the (construct) industry. 5．The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of (curious). 10 进门考 综合填空 Chinese high school principal Zhang Guimei has been honored 59 the title “Role Model of the Times” in recognition of her dedication to education for girls. With the support of the Party and the government, she helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education for girls from poor families. Since it opened in 2008, it 60 (see) more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges. About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a rural teacher in Huaping county, Lijiang, Yunnan province, noticed a girl 61 (sit) on the hillside. She was staring 62 (blank) into space. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married and it was arranged by her parents. That fateful encounter(邂逅) persuaded Zhang 63 (build) a free high school for girls, aiming to help break the spell (魔咒) 64 women drop out of education, marry early and spend 65 (they) whole life in the remote mountain. After years of trying to raise funds, in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, 66 (found) at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, where Zhang is the principal. Over the decades, More than 1,800 67 (graduate) have been admitted to college, 68 is regarded a “miracle” in the remote area, as most students didn’t perform well in academic study before the school was established. 第十讲 选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media(第二课时)+七选五专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media ReadingⅡ的重要词汇、句型； 2、七选五训练，提升基础的综合运用能力； 3、应用文专练，提升写作能力。 【学习过程】 Part One Words and sentence patterns in Reading 12.come about发生 How do these differences come about？这些差异是如何产生的？ (P3) 【归纳用法】 come across 偶然遇见；发现 come down (价格等)下降；恢复平静；倒下 come out (太阳、月亮或星辰)出现；(花)开放；出版 come to 来到(某地)；总计；恢复知觉 come over 使……突然感到；来访；(观点)被理解 come up 走近；出现；被提到；(植物)发芽；产生；开始 when it comes to... 当谈到……时 How did it come about that you got lost?你怎么会迷路了呢？ Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。 The book comes out this week.这本书本周出版。 I came across a group of children playing.我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。 【注意】(1)come about意为“产生，发生”，是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 (2)come about常与how连用，构成以下句型： How did it come about that ...？……是怎么发生的？ [根据句意用come短语的正确形式填空] (应用文之提建议)① English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.Firstly, when you ② unfamiliar words, don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore, when teachers’ questions ③ in class, you should make great efforts to ④ answers and express your ideas properly so that your meaning can ⑤ .Last but not least, if you fail, you must say to yourself, “⑥ ！” 【混淆辨析】 ①happen意为“发生”，含有“偶然”的意思。当主语是具体事件、事故等时可与occur换用；但当happen作“偶然”之意时，不能用occur代替。happen后可以接不定式，也常用于“It happened that”句型。 ②take place意为“发生，举行”，常指计划或安排好的事情的发生与进行，不含偶然性。 ③come about指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常与how连用来要求对方说明或解释事情发生的缘由。 ④break out多指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情等突然爆发。 The earthquake happened (＝occurred) in the morning.这场地震在早晨发生了。 He happened to meet her in the street.他碰巧在街上遇见了她。 The wedding will take place in this hotel.婚礼将在这家酒店举行。 Please tell me how the accident came about.请告诉我事故是怎么发生的。 13.priority n.优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点 It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event.明智的做法是记住记者眼中的首要事项可能会有所不同，这会影响他们如何报道一则事件。(P3) 【归纳用法】 (1)give priority to...　对……优先考虑 take/have priority over... 比……有优先性 (2)prior adj. 先前的；优先的 prior to 在……之前 单句语法填空 ①Almost three­quarters of Americans said they're unhappy with US President Joe Biden's handling of inflation，which is now widely considered the country's top (prior) for voters. ②The search for a new vaccine(疫苗) will take priority all other medical research. ③All the arrangements should be completed prior_ your departure. ④There are so many things to deal with.You must decide what your are. (prior) 14.contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥 Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing. 即使从基本相同的角度撰写新闻报道，它们也可能在事实细节方面相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂和不断变化的。(P3) 【归纳用法】 (1)contradict oneself 自相矛盾 contradict with.... 与....相矛盾 contradict each other 互相矛盾，互相抵触 (2)contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的 be contradictory to.... 与....相矛盾/对立 (3)contradiction n.矛盾，反驳 in contradiction to/with..... 与...相矛盾/对立 Tom's comments on this issue are confusing because they appear to contradict the remarks on the same issue made earlier by him.汤姆对这件事的评论是令人困惑的，因为它们似乎是他之前对相同问题的评论的否定。 What is wonderful is, at many times, the stories will contradict (with) each other.在许多时候，故事之间相互矛盾，这正是精彩之处。 This trend of development is not necessarily contradictory to the national interest of China.这种发展趋向不一定与我国的国家利益相冲突。 单句语法填空 ①Behind them all, though, is the ________ (contradict) between economic growth and the environment. ②The answers to this question were various and ________ (contradict)． ③The policeman knew that the man was lying, so he encouraged him to talk until he began to contradict (he). 15.differ vi. 相异；意见相左 For instance, the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire. 比如说，在有关亨德森楼大火的两则报道中，死亡人数有差异。（P3） 【归纳用法】 (1)differ from.. 不同于..... differ in... 在....方面不同 differ with sb on/about/over sth 和某人在某事上意见不同 (2)different adj.不同的，有区别的 be different from...in... 在……方面与……不同 (3)difference n.差异，差别，意见分歧 make a/no difference (to...) (对...)有/无影响，有/无作用 the difference between A and B (in sth) A和B(在某方面)的区别 tell the difference between A and B 区分/辨别A和B My younger brother and I differ from each other in many ways.我和我弟弟在许多方面都不同。 The two animals come from the same family but differ in body shape and breeding habits.这两种动物属于同一科，但身体形状和繁殖习惯有区别。 In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.美国的教育体制与英国的教育体制在很多方面差异不大。 One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，差之千里。 单句语法填空 ①The two leaders differed with each other ________ several issues. ②The two nations differ ________ the culture and climate. ③That fashion in different countries differs ________ each other that reflects the cultural differences. ④Can you tell the ________ (differ) between the two words? ⑤I helped them to see themselves 　(different), and they finally built themselves into winners. ⑥Scientists have introduced a new model of 3­D printer, which (different)from the existing ones in certain aspects. 16.conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成 When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one ofthe news reports gives false information. 当我们遇到这样的事实差异时，我们不应该急于得出结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了虚假信息(P3) 【归纳用法】 (1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion 总之; 最后 jump to conclusion 匆忙下结论 bring....to a conclusion 使....结束 (2)conclude v. 得出结论; 总结; 结束 to conclude 最后; 总之=in conclusion conclude. . . with/by doing sth. . . 以……结束…… conclude (from sth. ) that . . . (从……中)推断出…… In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me.最后，我要感谢你为我所做的一切。 We know well what difficulties we have to cope with to bring our work to a successful conclusion.我们很清楚，要圆满完成我们的工作需要克服什么困难。 I concluded from their words that they were against the plan.我从他们的话中推断出他们反对这项计划。 【注意】除in conclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语： ①in short　②in a word　③in brief　④all in all　⑤to sum up　⑥briefly (speaking)　⑦on the whole 单句语法填空 ①We should never jump ________ conclusions and take things for granted. ②I can conclude ________ what you have said that you are unhappy about the news. ③________ conclusion, I think Ms Sullivan should be Educator of the Year. 17.bring sth. to light揭露，披露 News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light.随着新的事实被披露，在一起事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。（P3） 【归纳bring用法】 bring...to life　 　 使……更有趣/更生动 bring...to an end 结束 bring up 养育；抚养；教育；提出(话题)；呕吐 bring about 引起；导致(事故、变化等) bring back 带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复 bring down 使……降低；使……倒下 bring in 引入；赚得；挣得 bring out使显现;生产;出版 【归纳light用法】 cast/throw light on阐明;点亮 come to light为人所知;变得众所周知;暴露 The article wants to bring to light important issues that affect the community.这篇文章想要将那些影响社区的重要问题揭露出来。 单句语法填空 ①It is reported that the terrible accident was brought_ by John's carelessness. ②It's high time that we should express our gratitude to both our parents and teachers for what they have done for us to bring us ． ③The government has taken measures to bring the high prices of the buildings. ④The photos bring ________ lots of good memories. ⑤These new tools will help bring this bad situation ________ an end. ⑥Hunters bring 　　　　　more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. 18.sum n.金额，款项，总和，总数；全部 To sum up,it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages.总之，阅读从不同角度、不同阶段写就的新闻报道是明智之举。(P3) 【归纳用法】 (1)in sum 　总之；总而言之 a large sum of 一大笔；大量的 (2)to sum up 总之；概括地说（常放于句首） sum up 总结，概括 The sum of evidence points to the crime resting on them.所有证据都指向了他们所犯的罪行。 单句语法填空 ①Many people spoke at the meeting, and finally the chairman summed the discussion. ② sum, the two countries are now true economic partners. ③She has donated large sum of money to charities, which indicates that she’s never cared about personal wealth. ④I’ll sum up we have discussed at the meeting. 19.committed adj.尽心尽力的 Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.(P3)尽管记者致力于呈现真相，我们最好还是运用自己的判断力，而非完全依赖新闻报道。 【归纳用法】 (1)be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 (2)commit v. 承诺，保证；犯(罪)；花(钱或时间)；全身心投入；忠于 commit...to...把……投入…… commit (oneself ) to sb./sth. 专心致志于；投入于 commit a crime/a murder/a mistake 犯罪/谋杀/犯错 commit suicide(＝kill oneself)自杀 (3)commitment n. 献身；投入；承诺，许诺；花费 make a commitment to (do) sth 承诺(做)某事 For years I have been committed to improving my spoken English.数年来我一直努力提高我的英语口语。 The police force is committed to being an equal opportunity employer警察机构致力于成为提供均等机会的雇主 Smoking not only harms others' health, but also is committing suicide slowly.吸烟不仅损害他人健康，还等于慢性自杀。 John made a commitment to his mother that he would be a musician.约翰对他的妈妈承诺,他会成为一个音乐家 单句语法填空 ①The Canadian government is committed to ________ (advance) the equality. ②Many of us equate “________ (commit)” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. ③We made a commitment ________ (keep) working together. ④Both sides committed ________ (they) to pushing forward this vitally important relationship between our two countries. ⑤Xi said it is important for the two sides to enhance dialogue, stay (commit) to cooperation. 20.curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品 Secondly, you must have a natural curiosity about things that are happening.其次，你必须对正在发生的事情有一种天生的好奇心。(P5) 【归纳用法】 (1)out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心 (2)curious adj. 好奇的 be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 It’s curious that...真奇怪…… (3)curiously adv.好奇地 Out of curiosity, I asked him why he had decided to become a pilot.出于好奇，我问他当初为什么当了飞行员。 Children are curious about everything around them.孩子们对身边的每件事都感到好奇。 The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case.记者很想知道那位官员是否与此案有关。 单句语法填空 ①She was curious how the experts did it. ②The little boy, out of (curious), took the radio set apart. ③ (curious) enough, the same thing happened again a year later. ④Due to ________ (curious), he squeezed himself into a crowd to see what had happened. 七选五练习一 It’s no surprise that there is a vast global divide in life expectancy, with those living in more developed countries far more likely to live into their 70’s and 80’s than those from less-developed countries. 16 1. Japan The Japanese are famous for their exceptionally healthy lifestyle. Fish, seaweed, and green tea are all contained in their diet, and have numerous health benefits that are proved to help prevent the deadliest diseases, including cancer and heart disease. 17 Japanese females share a life expectancy of around 86 years, while, males, can expect to live to around 82. Overall, Japan’s life expectancy is 84. 19 years. 2. Singapore Singapore boasts an impressive overall life expectancy of just over 84 years. As one of the wealthiest places on Earth, it possesses one of the strongest economies around and can afford to spend freely on improving medical services for its residents. 18 People’s lifestyle choice in Singapore is also a considerable factor influencing their life expectancy. Diet generally consists of foods rich in nutrients and antioxidants. 19 3. Australia 20 The healthcare system in Australia is also of a high standard, and the population is well educated about the importance of health. Females born in Australia are predicted to live to 84.35, while males can expect a lifespan of 79.4 years. A．In this country, females expect to live to 85 while males expect to live to 80. B．The life span of those at the top of the life expectancy table is almost double that of those at the bottom. C．As is widely known, most residents here live a stress-free life and consume a healthy diet. D．Nevertheless, few of those living in the less developed countries expect to live to 80. E．Their diet and lifestyle have also resulted in it having one of the lowest obesity rates in the world. F．Consequently, citizens in Singapore attach great value to healthy lifestyle. G．Thus, it has subsequently developed one of the most efficient healthcare systems in the world. 七选五练习二 We’re lucky to live in an age when the sum total of human knowledge is pretty available at the click of a button. We’ ve never had access to so much information. 36 . So here are a few strategies to sharpen your critical thinking. Watch out for confirmation prejudice(偏见). 37 . In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we’re much more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think we know. And we’re much more likely to ignore information if it is not in line with our views, which will affect our ability to process information. Acknowledge small differences. In life, most situations are varying and complicated. Admitting that can enrich the way that we view the world. For example, what colour is the sky? Well, the obvious answer is blue. But at sunrise or sunset, it can be red. On a cold misty morning, white or gray. 38 . Practise intellectual humility (谦逊). One approach to, well, arguing, is to let go of the idea of being “right”. Or at least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong. 39 . Really try to understand where the other person is coming from. Arguing is just to waste somebody’s time. 40 . It’s more important than ever to know where your information is coming from. That science-looking paragraphs might look very convincing until you dig a little deeper and find it was just posted by someone having no qualifications. That is the case we should not overlook. Engaging in critical thinking isn’t as fun as picking up a pitchfork, or feeling like you’re fundamentally right. But in the long run, it leads to a more curious, educated and harmonious society, which is the biggest win of all. A．Avoid mistakes B．Check your sources C．We all enjoy feeling like we’re right D．But not all of what’s out there is quite what it seems E．So pay attention to differences in many situations F．So don’t rush to decide, and be actively prepared to change your mind G．Putting yourself into the other person’s shoes can have more fruitful outcomes 应用文练习 假如你是李华，你校将要举行中国古典诗词朗诵比赛（Chinese Classical Poetry Reciting Competition），请你给你校的外国交换生Tom写一封信邀请他参赛，内容包括： 1．比赛的目的； 2．比赛的时间和地点； 3．比赛的注意事项。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语和结束语已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 课后练习 综合填空 If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, then you’d better check the Durban City Tours, 36 is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants 37 (wander) around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one 38 you want . You will also be able to taste all the delicious South African food here. You can choose 39 Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place 40 (tour) with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the street. Tourists and even the local villagers just can’t get enough of these 41 (pleasure)! However, 42 is important that you make necessary arrangements. If you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, you’d better choose the Street Scene Tours. All their staff 43 (train) specially. They will 44 (sure) make your stay here 45 (forgettable). 11 进门考 单句语法填空 1.The little boy looked at the box for a long time and then he opened it out of ________ (curious)． 2.When you and your parents have got into an argument during a discussion, collect your thoughts and state your case as ________ (accurate) as you can. 3.It was reported that dozens of people were ________ (trap) underground by an earthquake. 4.His success was because of the fact ________ he had been working hard. 5.I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with ________ (dozen) of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. 6.Always believe that your goal is attainable as long as you commit yourself to ________ (achieve) it. 7.The railway is still under ________ (construct)． 8.We aim to bring ________ prices on all our computers. 9.They will be concerned to do the right thing—to dress properly, ________ instance. 10.In addition to its health benefits, dancing is a fun way ________ (release) positive energy and make society more pleasant. 11.People ran for the exits, (scream) out in terror. 12.The incidence of the illness (difference) greatly between men and women. 13. (predict) of an early improvement in the housing market proved false. 14.He got up late and hurried to his office, (leave)the breakfast untouched. 第十一讲 选择性必修二Unit1The Mass Media(第三课时)+阅读理解专练 【学习目标】 1、选择性必修二Unit1The Mass Media Grammar usage-Integrated skills的重要词汇和句型； 2、阅读理解专练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part One New words in Grammar usage-Integrated skills 1.citizen n. 市民，公民----citizenship n. 公民身份；公民资格；国籍----netizen n. 网民 2.found v.创建；建立(founded-founded) set up/ establish/ found a company 创建一个公司 3.politics n. 政治； 政治观点，政见----politic adj. 明智的，谨慎的----political adj. 政治的，政府的 ---politician n. 政客----policy n. 政策，方针 4.accuse v. 谴责，控诉 accuse sb of doing sth 控告某人 be accused of/ be charged with 被控告，指责… 5.tax n. 税 to raise/cut taxes 增加╱削减税收 tax increases/cuts 税款的增加╱削减 6.mount n. 山 v. 逐步增加；攀登，爬上 mount up 增加，上升 The profit of the product is mounting up year by year. 产品的利益正逐年增加。 7.elevation n. 提升，提高；海拔---elevator n.电梯---elevated adj. 高贵的，职位高的 elevate v. elevate sb to sth 提升某人到什么位置 8. profession n. 行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明→professional adj. 专业的 n. 专业人员 9.drama n. 戏剧；戏剧性事件 a costume/historical drama 古装、历史等剧 10.scholarship n. 奖学金 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金 11.category n. 类别，种类 12. nevertheless adv. 尽管如此 Our failure was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless. 我们的失败是意料之中的，尽管如此，还是令人失望。 13.witness v. 见证；目击；作证 be witnessed by 被...见证 be a witness to sth 是...的见证者 a witness to the accident 事故的目击证人 14.edition n. 版本；一份；版次→edit v. 编辑→ editor n. 编辑 15.platform n. 平台，月台，站台 16.spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起 (sprang-sprung) New fast-food restaurants sprang up throughout the country. 17.interaction n. 互动；互相作用→interact v. 互动→interactive adj. 互动的 interact with… 和…互动 18.broadcast n. 广播节目 v. 播送，广播(broadcast- broadcast） The concert will be broadcast live. 音乐会将会被现场直播。 a live broadcast 现场直播 Part Two Words and sentences in Grammar usage-Integrated skills 1.while时间状语从句的省略 While in the library one day,he began chatting to two editors of a German-language newspaper. 一天,在图书馆里,他开始和一家德语报纸的两位编辑聊天。(P) 【归纳拓展】省略原则: ①从句的主语是it且在从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式; ②从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。 具备上述条件之一时,时间、条件、让步、比较、方式状语从句常省略从句的主语和be动词。 单句语法填空 ①Bicycles are available if 　　　　　(need).  ②When 　　　　　　(feel) depressed,I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories.  2.found vt. 创建，创办；建立，兴建 In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch.1878年，他创办了《圣路易斯邮报》(P6) 【归纳拓展】 ①be founded on...建立在……基础上；把……建立在…… ②foundation n.创建;基础;地基 lay a (firm/solid) foundation for sth为....打下（坚实的）基础 ③founder n.创办者;发起人 【温馨提示】found意为“建立”;find的过去式和过去分词found,意为“找到,发现”。 The town was founded by English settlers in 1970.这座城镇是英格兰移民于1970年建立的。 His theory is founded on facts.他的理论是建立在事实上的。 单句填空 ①Born at an international crane　　　　　(found),Emma was raised by human caretakers.  ②Shen Nong is regarded as the 　　　　　(found) of Chinese herbal medicine even today.  ③The couple’s marriage is founded 　　　　　love and respect. ④The Trinity College Library is in Ireland, which ________ (found) at the end of the 16th century by Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ. 3.accuse vt. 谴责，控诉 His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. 他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，谴责满口谎言的政府官员和逃税的富人。(P6) 【词块积累】 (1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. =charge sb. with (doing) sth. 　指责/控告某人(做)某事 (2)accusation n. 指责; 谴责; 控告 【知识延伸】 其他“v. +sb. of sth. ”结构的短语还有: ①inform sb. of sth. 　通知某人某事 ②rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ③remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 ④warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 ⑤cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人某病 单句语法填空 ①He denied the ________ (accuse) that he was involved in the murders. ②The department manager was fired after being accused ________ taking the company property for himself. ③This football player (accuse) of taking money for not scoring goals on purpose. ④The 　　　　　(accuse) look in her eyes conveyed her sense of betrayal. 4.until引导时间状语从句 He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best-selling newspaper in the country.他采用了在《圣路易斯邮报》工作时采用的同样的商业策略,报纸的销量迅速增长,最终成为全国最畅销的报纸(P6) 【归纳拓展】 (1)until/till用于主句是否定句,且谓语动词是非延续性动词的句子时,表示从句动作结束时主句动作才开始;until/till用于主句是肯定句,且谓语动词是延续性动词的句子时,表示从句动作结束时主句动作随之结束。till引导的时间状语不能放于句首,也不能用于强调句中。 (2)当not until位于句首时,主句/句子要部分倒装。其结构为:Not until...+助动词+主语+谓语+...。 (3)not...until...的强调句型为:It is/was not until...that...。 (4)until/till可以作为介词,后接时间状语。 单句语法填空 ①I didn’t think about it much 　　　　　a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table.  ②It was not until he came back he knew the truth. 5.不定式(to do)作定语 Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of journalists at university level.(P6)普利策是第一个提倡在大学层面对记者进行培训的人 【用法讲解】 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用动词不定式(短语)作后置定语。 (2)一些抽象名词后常接动词不定式(短语)作定语，动词不定式(短语)说明名词的内容。常见的此类名词有way, ability, chance, courage, opportunity, right, promise等。 (3)不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。 单句语法填空 ①The outstanding feature of the DF－41 missile is its ability (locate) the accurate position of the target. ②This is a good chance (go) to college, so she is unwilling to give it up. ③It is one of the first theme parks (become) popular around the world. ④The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself. ⑤I am wondering if you could recommend some poems to me for the English poetry recitation contest (hold) next month in our school. 6.It is/was the first/second time (that)...这是第一/二次…… When O’Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957,it was the fourth time he had won it. 1957年,奥尼尔获得普利策戏剧奖,这是他第四次获奖。（P7） 【归纳拓展】 ①“It/That/This be the first/second...time+that...”句型,意为“这/那是某人第几次做某事”,主语可根据语境使用it,this或that; ②主句谓语为is时,that从句用现在完成时(have/has done);主句谓语为was时,that从句用过去完成时(had done)。 【拓展】It is/was (about/high) time (that) ... should do sth./did sth.意为“到了做某事的时间了”，相当于It is/was time for sb.to do sth.。 该是我们采取有效措施来防止环境污染的时候了。 It is high time that we took/should take effective measures to stop environmental pollution. 单句语法填空填空 ①It was the second time that he (make) the same mistake. ②It is the first time that you (attend) a lecture concerning Tang poems. ③I think it is high time that you (make) up your mind. 7.witness vt.& vi. 是发生……的时间(或地点)，见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象 n．目击者，见证人；证人 The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media.(P8)在过去的几十年里，我们见证了网络新闻媒体的快速发展 【归纳用法】 (1) a witness/witnesses to/of...… …的证人/证据；为某事提供证据 bear/give witness to sth 为某事作证/证明(此短语中witness前不加冠词，而且witness不用复数) in witness of作为……的证据/证人 (2)witness to(doing)..... 为(做)……作证；出庭证明；证实；说明 witness sth./that ...　　　　 目击……；见证…… 【注意】witness意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地见证、目睹、经历了某事。 The street corner has witnessed a series of accidents so far this year.这个街角今年到目前为止已经发生了一系列事故。 His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他的身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。 单句语法填空 ①History　 　(witness) the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world in the past few centuries. ②The box­office income of Chinese movies 　(witness) a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. ③What the police did first was to question all the 　(witness) involved in the accident last week. ④As an American living in Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been an honor to be a witness ________ China's great development. ⑤What’s more, videos about the three years’ life, which (witness) the whole process of our growth, were played. 8.By+时间的用法 By the end of 1999, about 1,000 newspapers in China had set up their own online news platforms. (P8)到1999年底，中国约有1000家报纸建立了自己的网络新闻平台 【归纳】By加时间点的时态： by＋时间”与动作性强的动词连用时，主句多用于完成式。by后的时间可指现在、过去或将来时间点。 ①当by后加过去时间，用于主句是过去完成时。 ②当by后加现在时间，用于主句是现在完成时。 ③当by后加将来时间，且从句事件发生在主句事件之前，主句动词可用一般时态 I had finished my homework by yesterday.到昨天为止，我已经完成了我的作业。 I have finished my homework by now.到目前为止，我已经完成了我的作业。 By this time tomorrow, I will have finished this project.明天这个时候，我将会完成这个项目。 【注意】上述情况中当时间为将来时，主句动作发生在从句动作之后时，主句动词可用一般时态。 If you're not better by then, I will take you to see the doctor.如果到那时还不好些，我就带你去看病。 Can you finish this by tomorrow? 在明天以前你能做完这件事吗？ 单句语法填空 ①By the time he was fourteen years old, he (learn)maths all by himself. I shall have finished it by the time you come back. ②They must (finish)their work by this time. ③By next Sunday you w (stay)with us for three months. 9.spring up 迅速出现,突然兴起 At almost the same time,news websites with no print editions sprang up.几乎与此同时,没有印刷版的新闻网站如雨后春笋般涌现。(P8) 【归纳】spring n.春天，泉； v.(sprang/sprung---sprung)跳，跃；突然猛烈地移动；突如其来地做；突然出现(或来到) 【拓展短语】 spring at扑到 spring back反冲,跳回 spring over跳过 spring out跳出,冲出,突然冒出 spring from突然从……冒出,起源于,出身于,来自 spring to one’s feet 突然站起来 spring to one’s assistance 连忙站起来去帮助某人 There are several hot springs in the area.这地区有几处温泉。 New theatres and arts centers sprang up all over the country. 新的剧院和艺术中心突然在全国各地涌现。 He sprang to his feet, grabbing his keys off the coffee table.他一跃而起，从茶几上一把抓起自己的钥匙 写出下列句中spring的词性及含义 ①When spring comes, the animals that sleep in winter start waking up. ________ ②Affected by the earthquake happening in March, seven springs dried up. ________ ③He turned off the alarm and sprang out of bed. ________ 答案：①n. 春天　②n. 泉　③v. 跳起 单句填空 ①Girls spring 　　　　　faster than boys before 18.  ②The cat crouched,ready to spring 　　　　　the mouse.  ③Touching something soft,I sprang quickly 　　　　　.  ④Everyone sprang ________ their feet when the principal walked in. 10.interaction n.互动;互相作用 Interaction was also encouraged as readers could post their own comments.（P8）也鼓励互动,因为读者可以发表自己的评论。 【归纳拓展】 (1)interact v.互动;互相作用 interact with与……相互作用 interact on作用;影响;制约 (2)interactional adj.相互作用的 interactive adj.交互式的,相互作用的 单句填空 ①The parents were asked to interact　　　　　their children as they normally would,and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.  ②There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to________(interact) fun,so there’s something for everyone! ③Teachers should pay attention to the (interact)students in the process of teaching.  Part Three Grammar points(过去完成时) 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 　 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 　 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 　 She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. (一)过去完成时的用法 1.表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态 可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片 2．表示过去一定时间内某动作或状态的延续 由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 He told us that he had done the scientific research for 5 years.他告诉我们他做科学研究已经5年了。 3．表示过去未能实现的计划、愿望或想法等 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 I had never thought that you were content to help me.我从未想过你愿意帮我。 4.用于主句是一般过去时的间接引语中 过去完成时常常用在tell, say, know, hear, think等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well.他说他对她很熟悉。 5．状语从句中的过去完成时 在状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。常由when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导。 When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 【注意】before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句多用一般过去时。 After he arrived in England, he worked hard to improve his English.他到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 6.过去完成时的常用固定句型 (1)主语＋had hardly/scarcely＋过去分词＋when/＋had＋no sooner＋过去分词＋than从句(从句用一般过去时)；当hardly, scarcely, no sooner表示否定意义的词位于句首时，主句要倒装 I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下雨了。 (2)It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时) It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。 (3)It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)从句(从句用过去完成时) It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 (4)主句(过去完成时)＋by the time ... (一般过去时) We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.在他们到达之前，我们已经做好一切准备了。 (5)句子(过去完成时)＋by the end of ... (表示过去的时间) By the end of last term, we had learned English at least for four years.到上个学期末，我们至少已经学了四年英语。 7.过去完成时和一般过去时的区别 (1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”；当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 We had reached the station before ten o'clock.10点钟之前我们已到达了车站。 We reached the station at ten o'clock yesterday.昨天十点我们到达了车站。 (2)过去完成时与一般过去时都可以和确定的、表示过去的时间状语连用，但意义有所不同。 He had done the work at six o'clock.在6点钟的时候他已经完成了那项工作。 He did the work at six o'clock.他是在6点钟的时候做那项工作的 单句语法填空 1．Jack didn't realize that he ________ (leave) his electronic dictionary on the bus until he got home. 2．My friends enjoyed the pool party at my house because I ________ (prepare) many fun games beforehand. 3．The President extended warm congratulations and sincere greetings to all members who ________ (participate) in the Chang'e­5 mission. 4．By the age of 25, he ________ (become) a publisher. 5．He ________ (try) his best although he failed. 阅读理解一 When making decisions, most people view cost as an important consideration. While price is undoubtedly important, what about some hidden costs that also come into play? For example, what are the long—term effects of your decision? Have you considered how your decision impacts your relationships? Simply put, hidden costs may be invisible to the naked eye, but they're very visible (可见的) to your wallet. Ignoring these factors can cost you a lot. Consider a scene where a manager cuts costs by asking some workers to leave. While this move reduces salary expenses, how will it impact the morale (士气) and loyalty of the remaining employees? Similarly, imagine somebody spending hours surfing the web, lost in searching for cheaper things. The question is whether the savings equal the spent time. If cost is your only consideration, you'll pay the price. Price Isn't the Only Cost! Furthermore, even if cost is the only factor in your decision—making, all of the “true costs” should be considered. For example, if you're thinking about buying new technology the equipment cost is only part of the price. People will need training, the software may need customization, and you'll probably lose productivity until people get up to speed. Those are real costs too. In addition, even when price is the main consideration, it's important to tell the difference between price and value. For example, when you're investing in a high—quality product from a famous organization, compare maintenance (保养) and repair costs with its competitors, assess the product life span, and hear what existing customers have to say. As the old saying goes, “You get what you pay for.” Always keep in mind that every time you say “yes” to one thing, you're certainly saying “no” to another. So, in decision—making, always consider invisible costs. This ensures you're aiming for the best solution rather than a good one. After all, choices are easy. The tough part is living with them. 28．What does the underlined phrase “come into play” in paragraph I mean? A．Come into sight. B．Play a part. C．Come into use. D．Play around. 29．What may be the hidden cost of firing workers? A．Reducing salary expenses. B．Cutting costs of the company. C．Doing wonders for the workers' morale. D．Discouraging the remaining workers. 30．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By listing figures. C．By using space order. D．By explaining concepts. 31．What can we learn from this passage? A．You get what you pay for. B．Price is the main consideration. C．Considering the best solution is easy. D．Be thoughtful when making decisions. 阅读理解二 There are five trillion (万亿) pieces of plastic in our oceans. Most of the plastic found at the bottom of the sea is waste such as plastic bottles and bags, designed to be used just once, then thrown away. Some researchers found that sea creatures living in the deepest reaches of the sea had small pieces of plastic in their stomachs and muscles. A huge whale washed ashore in Spain last year with 28 kilos of plastic in its stomach died. This year Sir David calls for actions against plastic pollution and the UN leads a campaign against plastic pollution seen as one of the world's most pressing environmental issues. The European Union is set to approve a total ban on one-use plastics. Bangladesh (孟加拉国) became the first country to ban plastic bags in 2002, after floods linked to plastic waste. Since then. 54 countries have banned lightweight plastic bags. According to Greenpeace statistics, every minute of every day, the same amount of a truck of plastic enters the world's oceans Waste such as bottles, nappies and beer holders can last for up to 450 years in the environment Some plastics last for 1, 000 years. Andy Sharpless, CEO of a non-profit group Oceana says, “Our focus on recycling is, unfortunately, making the problem worse. Recycling will never stop the flow of plastics into our seas, so to focus on recycling efforts is a fatal mistake. In fact, plastic bottles usually made from natural plastic, if recycled, can become something like clothes and carpets. This change in the quality makes the use of recycled plastic limited.” “Governments need to do their part too,” Sharpless argues, “and big businesses need to shoulder more responsibility — as the central problem is the amount of plastic being produced.” “The solution needs to focus on both usage of plastic and making it in large quantities.” says TrewinRestorick. CEO of environmental behaviour change charity Hubbub. 32．What can we know about the plastic in the ocean? A．Plastic is polluting the oceans. B．Sea creatures are fed plastic. C．Plastic can disappear in the seas. D．Plastic pollution has been taken seriously. 33．How does Andy Sharpless feel about current plastic recycling? A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Appreciative. 34．What is TrewinRestorick's suggestion on how to deal with plastic pollution? A．Recycle more plastic. B．Raising awareness of environmental protection. C．Limiting plastic production. D．Find alternatives to plastic. 35．In which part of a newspaper can we see this text? A．Opinion. B．Culture. C．Environment. D．Entertainment. 课后练习 单句语法填空 1．It was the first time that I (be) a volunteer in MSF. 2．He said the team (experiment) with different types of food products, but the models they got weren't as successful. 3．James said, “I took the book home with me.” →James said that he (take) the book home with him. 4．By the time he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself. 5．By August 1939, Winton (save) 669 children. 6．By the end of 2021, the “digital Dunhuang project” (complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes. 7．He (roll) up his jeans, apparently waiting in the pond. 8．The bill he (oppose) since he took office was eventually passed, resulting in more young men being recruited into the army. 9．The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people. 10．By the end of the expedition, we (climb) 12 mountains, watched 108 nest boxes, tagged 35 mammals, banded 74 birds and measured more than a thousand trees. We were tired out... 12 进门考 单句语法填空 1. Rescuers found victims __________(trap) several feet underground. 2. Mr Sharp would not comment on the nature of the issues __________(investigate).   3. The sales figures won’t __________ (release)until sometime next month.   4. We can safely draw some __________(conclude) from our discussion. 5. That’s a powerful lesson on how important it can be to __________(accurate) communicate to each other. 6. He is such a __________(curiosity) boy, always asking questions. 7. The company’s __________ (commit)to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. 8. It didn’t take much __________ (persuade)to get her to tell us where he was. 9. He wants to show the world that anyone can learn to be __________ ambassador. 10. He was __________ (amuse)to see how seriously she took the game. 第十二讲 选择性必修二Unit1 The mass media(第四课时)+语法填空专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修二 Unit1 The mass media Extended Reading的重要词汇、句型； 2、综合填空训练，提升基础知识点的运用能力。 【学习过程】 Part One New Words in Extended Reading 1.advertisement n. 广告 →advertise v. 做广告；征聘；宣传→advertisement n. 广告 advertise a product 为一个产品打广告 advertise for a manager 征聘一名经理 2.persuasion n. 说服→ persuade v. 说服；使信服 persuade sb to do/ into doing 说服某人做某事 3.channel n. 渠道，途径；频道；电视台 the Channel/the English Channel 英吉利海峡 the Channel Tunnel 英吉利海峡隧道 4.peak n. 高峰；山峰； at the peak of 在...高峰 at sth’s peak 在某事物的全盛期 5.boost v. 使增长，使兴旺 n. 增长；帮助，激励 boost one’s confidence 增强自信 boost profits 提高利润 a boost in car sales 汽车销售额的增长 6.psychology n. 心理；心理学 ---psychological adj. 心理的；心理学的；精神上的 ---psychologist n. 心理学家，心理学者 7.purchase v. 购买 purchase sth from sb 从...购买某物 8.memorable adj. 难忘的，值得纪念的 9.slogan n. 口号，标语 10.teapot n. 茶壶 11.get across 被传达，被理解，把...讲清楚 get around 传播；流传 get through 顺利通过 get over完成，结束 12.brand n. 品牌 brand image 品牌形象 brand new 崭新 13.ambassador n. 大使，代表 14.placement n. 植入，安置 15.rating　n. 收视率；等级，级别 rate v. 对... 评估，评价 rate sb/sth as ... 评价某人/某物 n. 速度，速率 at any rate 不管如何 at this rate 照此情形 16.sponsor v. 赞助；主办；资助 n. 赞助商，赞助者----sponsorship n. 资助 17.absorb v. 理解，掌握；吸收---absorption n. 吸收；专注；全神贯注；专心致志 ----absorptive adj. 吸收性的；有吸收力的 absorb sb/oneself in (doing) sth 专心做某事 be absorbed in (doing) sth专心做某事 Absorbed in their game, these children didn’t feel hungry. Absorbing themselves in their game, these children didn’t feel hungry. 18.discount n. 折扣 v. 打折出售 at a discount 折价；打折 a discount shop打折商店 19.tailor v. 专门制作，定做 n. 裁缝 tailor A to B 专门为B定做A The advertisement is tailored to the needs of special group.这个广告是专门为特殊群体而制定的 20.brighten up 增加乐趣，明亮 Fresh flowers will brighten up any house. 鲜花会使任何的房子都高亮生色 21.housing n. 住房 22.estate n.住宅区，大片私有土地 housing estate 住宅区，住宅群 real estate 房地产 23.amuse v. 消遣，逗笑→ amusement n. 消遣，娱乐→amused adj.觉得好笑的→amusing adj. 有趣的，引人发笑的 amuse oneself 自娱自乐 the amusement park 游乐场 Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Extended Reading 1.persuade vt. 说服；使信服 In other words, it tries to persuade you to buy a product or service.换言之，它(广告)试图说服你去购买一种产品或服务。(P11) 【归纳用法】 (1)persuade sb. to do sth. =persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做..... persuade sb. not to do sth. =persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做..... persuade sb. of sth. /that. . . 使某人相信…… (2) persuasion n. 说服; 说服力; 信念 (3) persuasive adj. 有说服力的; 劝诱的, 劝说的 When he retired three years ago, he persuaded his church music director to take him as a student.三年前他退休时，他说服了他的教堂音乐总监收他作学生。 Do you think young people are easily persuaded into buying new products?你认为年轻人很容易被说服买新产品吗？ My family persuaded me that a holiday might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I went.我家人说服我去休假，这也许是医生要求我做的，于是我就去了。 【拓展】表示“试图说服某人做某事而未涉及结果”，用try to persuade sb to do sth或advise sb to do sth 【注意】 ①persuade表示“说服，劝说”，强调说服的结果。 ②advise表示“劝告，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。 单句语法填空 ①He tried to persuade me ________ (give) up smoking, but in vain. ②Don't let yourself be persuaded into ________ (buy) things you don't really need. ③While shopping，people sometimes can’t help (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need. ④In order to cut down the emission of carbon dioxide,the citizens (persuade) to cycle to work. 2.so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语 As media channels have grown in number and type, so have advertisements．(P11)随着媒体渠道在数量和类型上的增长，广告也在增长。 【拓展用法】 (1)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“某人/某物也这样”。 (2)“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“某人/某物也不这样”。 (3)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is (was) with ... /It is (was) the same with ...。 Nancy had a great time at the party. So did her husband.南希在晚会上玩得很开心。她的丈夫也是(很开心)。 She shouldn't have yelled at you; neither/nor should I.她不应该对你大喊大叫，我也不应该(对你大喊大叫)。 Henry is very clever but he doesn't work hard at his lessons. So it is with his little brother.亨利很聪明，但是不努力学习。他的弟弟也是。 单句语法填空 ①Ross is a top student in our class, and ________ is Jenny. ②Caroline has never ever broken her promise, and ________ have I. 3.advertise vi.& vt.做广告,登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传 If an advertisement is placed on a popular website or on TV at peak times,a huge number of people will know about the product or service it is advertising.（P11） 如果一则广告被投放在一个热门网站或黄金时段的电视上,许多人都会知晓它所宣传的产品或服务。 【归纳拓展】 (1)advertise sth为……做广告 advertise for登……广告招聘或寻找……；登广告征求某事/物 advertise in sth在某处登广告 be advertised as...被宣传为…… advertise for sb to do... 登广告招聘/雇佣某人做某事 (2)advertisement n.广告,启事;广告活动,广告宣传 put an advertisement in.... 在......上发布广告 (3)advertising n.广告活动,广告业 (4)advertiser n.广告者,广告客户 If you want to attract more customers, try advertising in the local paper.如果你要吸引更多顾客，就试试在当地报纸上登广告。 The nursing home is advertising for a volunteer to help look after the patients. 这家疗养院正在登广告招聘一名志愿者帮助照顾病人。 If you are in search of your missing pet, you'd better put an advertisement in the newspaper.如果你在寻找丢失的宠物，你最好在报纸上登个广告 单句语法填空 ①An ________ (advertise) uses words and pictures to persuade people to buy a product or service, or to believe in an idea. ②He advertised ________ an assistant in the local newspaper. 4.why引导表语从句 That is why when a company wants to promote a product or service, it often launches a mass media advertising campaign.(P11) 那就是为什么当一家公司想推销一种产品或服务时，它通常会发动一场大众媒体广告运动。 that is why ... “那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，且在从句中充当状语。that在此为指示代词，指代前面提到的事情。 【归纳】表示“原因”的其他相关表达： ①That is the reason why ... 那就是……的原因 ②That/It is because ... 那是因为…… ③The reason (why ...) is that ... (……的)原因是…… Mr Li was ill yesterday. That was why he didn't give us lessons.李老师昨天生病了，所以他没有给我们上课。 I fell asleep quickly. That was because I was tired.我累了，那就是我很快就睡着的原因。 The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.每年需要重新注射的原因是这病毒经常变化。 【注意】That's why ... 后接某事发生的结果，That's because ... 后接某事发生的原因。 单句语法填空 ①I got up late this morning; that is ________ I was late for school. ②We were so late, that is ________ the traffic was heavy. ③I always try to overcome difficulties; is why I have always succeeded where others have failed. 5.purchase vt. 买，购买　n. 购买，采购；购买的东西，购买项目 Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services.基于产生购买欲望背后的心理学，广告商开发了说服人们购买他们的产品或服务的方法(P11) 【归纳用法】 (1)purchase sth from.... 从....处购买某物 make a purchase 采购 (2)purchaser [C]买主，购买人 (3)purchasable adj.买得到的，可收买的 You can purchase the equipment from the local supplier.你可以从当地的供应商处购买这种设备。 She made many purchases on the Internet.她在网上买了许多东西 易混辨析：purchase/buy ①purchase正式用词，指大宗购货或购买重要东西。无感情色彩，强调物品的购得。 ②buy普通日常用词，既可指日常随意购物也可指大的购买。 单句语法填空 ①I would, in turn, purchase them ________ you at twice the market value. ②That bag is ________ really good purchase. ③I am wondering if you mind telling me purchase price of your new house. 6.memorable adj. 难忘的，值得纪念的 A common technique to make an impact is to create a memorable slogan.(P11)产生影响的一个常见技巧是创造一个令人难忘的口号 【归纳用法】 (1)memory n.记忆，记忆力；内存，[计]存储器；回忆 in memory of.... 为了纪念...... (2)memorable adj.难忘的，值得纪念的 (3)memorize v.记住，背熟；记忆 (4)memorial n.纪念仪式；纪念物 adj.纪念的，追悼的 a memorial statue/prize 纪念像/奖 A film will be made in memory of those brave firefighters.为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。 Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.无论你的年龄或兴趣是什么，巴克斯顿都有可以看或做的事情，使你的参观真正难忘。 In the part of prize­awarding, every volunteer was issued with a Certificate of Excellent Volunteer and memorial postcards.在颁奖环节中，每个志愿者都获得了“优秀志愿者证书”和纪念明信片。 单句语法填空 ①People have to ________ (memory) about 600 characters before they can do even basic reading and writing. ②I still remember the hard­working ________ (memory) time in high school. ③The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory Qu Yuan, a poet in ancient China. ④The painting will be lasting memorial to a remarkable woman. 7.get across 被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚 What message does it try to get across?它想传达什么信息？(P12) 【归纳用法】 get about 走动；(消息等)传开 get along 进展；相处融洽 get down 写下，记下 get down to (doing) sth 开始(做)某事 get into 陷入(某种情绪)；养成(某种习惯) get over 从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态；克服，克制；战胜 get rid of 摆脱；除去 get through 熬过(困境)；接通电话；通过(测试) get around各处走动；（新闻或消息）传开(=get about)；成功地对付，解决 get away 离开，外出度假；摆脱 Sooner or later you'll get over the shock.迟早你会从震惊中恢复过来的。 He's not good at getting his idea across to others.他不擅长向其他人说清楚自己的观点。 Your meaning didn't really get across.你的意思并未真正被别人理解。 I telephoned twice, but couldn't get through.我打了两次电话，但都没打通。 单句语法填空 ①She got her exams without too much trouble. ②We walked to the next beach to get away the crowds.There were fewer people there. ③I must get down booking the hotels. ④We tried to get our idea , but he just wouldn't listen. ⑤I'm going to get down to (study)English this term. ⑥The old man was extremely difficult to get along . 8.“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”是一个固定句型，意为“越……，就越……” The more we like the brand ambassador, the more we will be attracted to buy the product.(P12) 我们越喜欢这个品牌大使，我们就越会被吸引去购买这个产品 【归纳用法】 (1)“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”的第一句相当于一个条件句，常用一般现在时表示将来，第二句相当于主句。 (2)该句型中，当形容词的比较级修饰名词时，需要将被修饰的名词一起提到句首。 (3)该句型可使用省略结构 The harder you work, the quicker you will learn. 你越努力，学得越快。 The more you practise, the better you can speak English. 你练习越多，你的英语就能讲得越好。 The more you practise, the more knowledge you will get.你实践得越多，你得到的知识就越多 单句语法填空 ①________ sooner, the better. ②The more time you spend on a subject, the ________ (great) progress you will make. 9.absorb vt. 理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力 We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they will probably have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. 我们不假思索地接受了这些营销信息，而这些信息有可能对我们下次购物产生影响（P12） 【归纳用法】 (1)absorb...from...从……中吸收…… absorb...into...把……吸收入/并入…… absorb oneself in专心于；全神贯注于 absorb one's attention ＝ attract/draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 (2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的 (be) absorbed in...全神贯注于…… 【注意】类似用法的还有： ①be lost in ... 陷入……；专心致志于…… ②be caught/trapped in ... 被困在…… ③be buried in ... 埋头于…… ④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于…… ⑤be occupied in ... 忙于…… ⑥be involved in ... 专注于…… When he is deeply absorbed in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping.当他专注于工作时，他总是废寝忘食。 A strange rattling sound absorbed his attention.一阵奇怪的咯吱声吸引了他的注意力。 I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me.我一直忙于学习，并试图了解身边所有的新事物。 (1)写出下列句中absorb的含义 ①This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work. ________ ②Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. ________ (2)单句表达 ①一本好书能彻底地吸引我们的注意力，以至于我们暂时忘掉周围的一切。 A good book could ________________________ so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings. ②这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。 The cream is easily ______________ the skin. 单句语法填空 ①The journalists were absorbing (they) in the event when something strange came about. ② in picking (absorb), we didn’t notice evening approaching. ③His mind was like a sponge, ready (absorb) anything. ④ (absorb)himself in his work, Tom didn't look up when I came in. 10.the next time 引导时间状语从句，表示“下次……” We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they will probably have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. 我们不假思索地接受了这些营销信息，而这些信息有可能对我们下次购物产生影响（P12） 【归纳用法】 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： (1)由time构成的名词词组：each time, the first/last time, next time, any time等。 (2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute, the instant, the second, the moment等。 (3)the＋时间名词：the day/week/year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter等 Do look me up the next time you're in London.你下次到伦敦，一定要来看我。 You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。 The moment/minute/instant/second Lang Ping stepped into the stadium, nobody could stay seated.郎平一踏进体育场，所有人都站了起来。 The day I left here, they all came to see me off.我离开这里的那一天，他们都来给我送行。 【注意】在“This/It is/was the first time＋that从句”中，从句要用完成时(现在完成时/过去完成时)。 单句语法填空 ①________ moment he finished his work, the bell rang. ②It is the first time that she ________ (play) a part in a film. 11.discount n. 折扣　vt. 打折出售、 ....and we are very likely to receive special discounts and promotions targeted specifically at us.而且我们很可能会收到专门针对我们的特别折扣和促销(P12) 【归纳用法】 (1)at a discount 打折扣；不受欢迎，没销路 get/give/offer a discount 得到/给与/提供折扣 discount rates/prices 贴现率；折扣价 (2)discount sth as sth 认为某物不重要；对某物不全信 Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.现在我们有10天的特别优惠，在这期间您可以享受半价折扣和免费送货。 Energy drinks give you less energy if you buy them at a discount.你打折买来的能量饮料，为你提供的能量会变少。 单句语法填空 ①Her sincere explanation was discounted ________ a lie. ②They are often available ________ a discount. 12.tailor vt. 专门制作，定做　n. 裁缝 In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific needs.(P12) 在未来，广告将更多地了解个人客户，并向他们发送针对特定需求的广告 【归纳用法】 (1)tailor sth to/for ..... 为.....专门制作某物；使某物适合..... tailor sth to meet/suit one’s needs/requirments 专门制作某物以满足/迎合某人的需求 (2)tailored adj.定制的；合身的；(为特殊目的或人)制作(或修改)的 Mr Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.史密斯先生让裁缝按他自己的尺寸做了几件新衣服。 You'll get in more questions, the discussion will be tailored to what you need most help on.你会得到更多的问题，讨论将针对你最需要帮助的方面。 单句语法填空 ①Arrangements can be tailored ________ (meet) individual requirements. ②He came in, dressed in a beautifully ________ (tailor) suit. ③Special programmes of study (tailor)to meet the needs of specific groups. 13.Not only...but also...结构中的部分倒装 Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested in, but it will also help companies target their customers efficiently to have a positive effect on sales. 这不仅会让他们感觉更受重视，让他们能看到自己最感兴趣的东西，也会帮助公司有效地定位客户，以对销售产生积极的影响。(P12) 【拓展用法】 只把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，为部分倒装句。not only位于句首，其所在的分句要用部分倒装，but also所在的分句不倒装。 【归纳拓展】 含有否定意义的副词(never，nor，not，hardly，barely，rarely，little，seldom，nowhere等)或含否定词的介词短语(at no time，by no means，in no case，in no way，on no condition，on no account，under/in no circumstances 等)置于句首时，句子需要用部分倒装。 Not only do shared bicycles solve the last­mile problem but also they help improve air quality. 共享单车不仅解决了“最后一英里路”的问题，而且还有助于改善空气质量。 Under no circumstances should you make bad comments on others.任何情况下，你都不应该恶意评论他人。 At no time could we give up our plan.我们决不会放弃我们的计划。 Seldom does he realize the importance of communicating with others.他很少意识到与他人交流的重要性。 单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Not only he but also I (be) committed to organizing voluntary activities. ②He has never seen such a nice old chair. →Never a nice old chair. ③He will never forget his first time to take a train. →Never_ _train.　 ④We rarely think of how it all affects the environment and humankind. →Rarely of how it all affects the environment and humankind. 14.brighten up (使) 增添乐趣；(使)更艳丽 Students of a Nanjing senior high school brought joy to the elderly and brightened up their day by volunteering at a local nursing home last weekend.(P13) 上周末，南京一所高中的学生们在当地一家养老院做志愿者，给老人带来了快乐，点亮了他们的一天 【拓展up短语】 ①cheer up使高兴，使振奋 ②come up走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出 ③make up 编造(说法、解释等)；组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理 ④light up 照亮；点亮 ⑤take up 举(拿、捡、拔)起；占据；开始从事 ⑥pick up 拾起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；得到；用车接；好转 They have the ability to brighten up a room with acceptable costs. 他们有能力用可接受的成本使房间明亮起来。 Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by a warm welcome.一到教室，作者就因受到热烈欢迎而精神振奋。 Bright curtains can light up a dull room.色彩鲜艳的窗帘可以让单调的房间变得亮丽起来。 用up的相关短语填空 ①However, what my children want to do after school is ________a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. ②Peter will ____________ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. ③On a regular day, students at the school sometimes ____________ to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. 15.amuse vt. (提供)消遣；逗笑 After lunch the residents and the young volunteers amused themselves with art activities which included Chinese painting and calligraphy.(P13) 午饭过后，(敬老院的)老人们和年轻志愿者参与艺术活动以作消遣，这些艺术活动包括练习中国画和书法。 【归纳用法】 (1)amuse sb with/by .... 用.....逗某人开心 amuse oneself 自娱自乐 be amused at/by.... 以.....为乐；被……逗乐 be amused to do.... 因做……而觉得好笑 It amuses sb to do sth 做某事使某人感到好笑 It amuses sb that...使某人感到好笑的是…… (2)amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的 amused adj. 被逗乐的；感到有趣的 (3)amusement n．[U] 愉悦；娱乐[C]娱乐活动；娱乐设施 to one's amusement 使某人发笑 for amusement 为了消遣 It amused him to think that they were probably talking about him at that very moment.想到就在这会儿他们正在谈论他，他不禁笑了起来。 Dan was both surprised and amused at the news.消息既使丹感到惊奇又使他感到好笑。 【注意】表示“使欢乐，使娱乐”的词还有：entertain, excite, delight, fascinate, please等。 单句语法填空 ①He had a terrific sense of humor and what he said could be very ________ (amuse)． ②Sara was not ________ (amuse) by Franklin's interesting story. ③We were amused ________ (learn) that he had made a foolish mistake. ④Parks provide people with a place to amuse (they). ⑤He stopped and watched amusement to see the child so absorbed. ⑥The old man sat in his rocking chair, (amuse) himself by listening to Beijing Opera. 综合填空一 China’s new hit TV show To the Wonder has made Altay in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region a new 1 (trend) tourism destination among young people, 2 are attracted by the breathtaking views and the simple and heartwarming lives of the local residents. From May 7—the day the TV show began its 3 (commerce) airing, flight ticket bookings to Altay rose 20 percent 4 (compare) with the same period in the previous month, and hotel bookings doubled during the period on its platform. Altay has not become famous overnight, 5 has long been a destination well-known for its natural beauty. Altay has different 6 (charming) in summer and winter, and these distinct seasonal views are attractive to travelers. 7 , it hasn’t been very popular because of long travel times and higher costs of accommodation. It’s not the first time in recent years that a hit show 8 (help) turn its location into a popular tourism destination. In January 2023, the TV drama Meet Yourself, 9 (star) Liu Yifei and Li Xian, made Dali a popular tourism destination. Though Altay still lacks the capability to receive large numbers of travelers, the local authorities or tourism companies can optimize tour products combining natural views 10 cultural elements in Altay to improve people’s travel experiences. 综合填空二 Chinese comedienne and actress Jia Ling recently revealed that she was losing weight for 11 upcoming role during her gap time. Jia Ling has lost 50 kilograms for her new movie YOLO. From the exposed photos, Jia Ling looks like a 12 (whole) different person. In the early teasers for YOLO, audience caught glimpses of Jia Ling’s dedication 13 her role as a boxer. However, it wasn’t until the movie’s release 14 viewers truly got to witness the extent of her transformation. Her 15 (define) abdominal (腹部的) muscles are clear and beautiful, making it hard to imagine that this is the same Jia Ling we once 16 (know). 17 (slim) down from 100 kg to 50 kg can’t be achieved overnight. She thought if you can’t bear the pain of discipline, you will have to accept the mediocrity (平庸) of yourself. She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity and has chosen to challenge herself, determined 18 (exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today. Her path to success has been filled with hardships and challenges, 19 she has never given up on her 20 (pursue)and dream for herself. She shows us through her actions that regardless of the circumstances, as long as you have determination and perseverance, you can definitely achieve success. She not only brings us laughter and touches our hearts but also conveys a positive and uplifting energy. 课后练习 单句语法填空 1．It's a very________(amuse) game to play. 2．It didn't take much________ (persuade) to get her to tell us where he was. 3．Her husband wants to make their honeymoon a _______ (memory) trip for her. 4．The government will allow them ________ (advertise) on radio and television. 5．I'll sell all these goods ________ a discount in return for a speedy sale. 6．Fresh flowers will brighten ________ any room in the house. 7．I created a way to get my message ________ while using as few words as possible. 8．The individual colours within the light spectrum are believed to have a different effect ________ health. 9．I ________ (be) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 10．It was the third time that he ________ (go) to China that year. 11．My brother asked me to go to the supermarket to buy dozens (dozen) of eggs. 12．In case I have not heard from you by that date, this offer will be automatically (automatic) withdrawn. 13．Don't let yourself be persuaded into buying (buy) things you don't really need. 14．The words “right” and “write” are spelt differently (differ) but they are pronounced the same. 15．Little John has curiosity (curious) about all the things he has met. 16．The more interaction (interact) the robot has with humans, the more it learns. 17．Suppose you were asked to write an essay describing a memorable (memory) event in your life. 18．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (absorb) in conversation. 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $