Unit 3 Conservation（重难词汇精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦“Conservation”主题，构建从基础词形到语篇应用的词汇训练体系，强化语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|词性转换30题、核心短语15题等|聚焦构词法、固定搭配及单句应用，如词性转换含“conservation→conserve”等主题词|从词形变化（词性转换）到搭配（核心短语），再到单句语法与拼写，形成“词-短语-句”递进逻辑| |词汇语境练|语法填空2篇、应用文写作1篇|语篇语法填空结合环保案例，写作要求“Go Green”倡议|承接基础练，从单句提升至语篇，实现词汇在真实语境中的综合运用，体现语言能力迁移|

Unit 3 Conservation重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1.unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→ adj.通常的；平常的 2.varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→ v.有变化；改变→ adj.不同的；各种各样的→ n.变化；多样性 3.decrease vi.& vt.减少n.减少；减少的量→ v.(使)增长，增多；增加n.增长；增多；增加 4.endangered adj.濒危的→ v.使遭危险；危及；危害 5.conservation n.保护→ v.节省；节约；保护 6.recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recy clable adj.可回收的 → adj.不可回收的 7.informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→ n.信息；消息 8.threat n.威胁； (灾难等坏事)发生的可能→ v.威胁 9.illegally adv.非法地，违法地→ adj.法律的；法律允许的；合法的 10.extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→ n.灭绝，绝种，消亡 11.incredibly adv.非常地，极端地→ adj.不能相信的；难以置信的 12.urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→ n.紧急 13.packaging n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料→ n.包；盒；袋 14.consumer n.消费者→ v.消费 15.wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→ n.& v.浪费；滥用 16.transportation n.交通运输系统，运输方式→ v.运输 17.dirt n.灰尘，尘土→ adj.肮脏的；龌龊的 18.realistic adj.现实的，实际的→ v.实现；了解 19.innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的→ v.创新；改革 20.aware adj.意识到的，明白的→ n.知道；认识；意识 21.collection n.收集；收藏品；专辑→ v.收集 22.reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→ v.再次使用；重复使用n.再用，重新使用 23.anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→ adv.不安地→ n.担心；焦虑；渴望 24.destruction n.破坏，毁坏→ vt.破坏 25.stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→ v.……刺入(或插入)；刺 26.annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→ vt.使……不悦；惹恼→ adj.使人烦恼的 27.anger n.愤怒；怒气→ adj.生气的 28.relate vi.相联系，有关联→ adj.相联系的→ n.联系，关联 29.regular adj.定期的，有规律的→ adv.有规律地 30.suit v.适合 n.套装→ adj.适合的 题型二、核心短语 1. 消失；绝迹，灭绝 2. 彻底毁灭 3. 把……归咎于，……应受责备 4. 处境危险，受到威胁 5. 由于 6. 取决于 7. 总之 8. 采取行动 9. 起某种作用 10. 尽自己的职责 11. 开始做某事，着手进行 12. 砍倒；减少 13. 捡起；偶然学会；接收(信号)；(无意中)学会 14. 最终成为……；最后处于 15. 目前；现在 题型三、重点单词 1.species n. 2.wipe vt. 3.mass adj. 4.blame v. 5.affect vt. 6.solar adj. 7.hatch vi.&vt. 8.restore v. 9.plastic adj.　 10.destroy vt. 11.item n. 12.switch vi.& vt. 13.hunt vi.& vt. 14.packet n. 15.wrap v. 16.swallow vi.& vt. 17.refillable adj. 18.council n. 19.jam n.　 20.decade n. 题型四、单句语法填空 1．He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, he won the light heavyweight gold medal. 2．The team, worked day and night, finally completed the project. 3．The old house, roof was damaged in the storm, is being repaired. 4．Mr. Johnson, we met at the conference, will visit our school next week. 5．He is the only person can help you out of trouble. 6． is known to all, reading widely contributes greatly to our writing ability in senior high school. 7．I’d like to recommend the movie The Wandering Earth, is popular with Chinese teenagers. 8．Heritage sites not only often provide answers to questions, but also often pose questions to there are no definitive answers at the moment. 9．Digitalization has made cultural heritage more accessible to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. 10．This old museum, collection includes many ancient paintings, attracts thousands of visitors yearly. 11．My brother loves stamps, and his stamp (collect) has already filled three large albums. 12．If you park (legal), you’re likely to be fined. 13．Many wild animals are facing the danger of (extinct) because of environmental pollution. 14．Finding new and (innovation) way to recycle single-use plastic is of vital importance to our planet. 15．If you dig deep into them, books can be (incredible) wonderful in our daily life.   16．All the delicate presents (wrap) up in colorful paper for the party yesterday. 17．His health (destroy) because he had worked so hard without rest. 18．Quicksand found on beaches or riverbanks is a hidden danger that traps dozens of people each year. If you find yourself (stick) in it, avoid allowing others to help, as this could cause them to get trapped as well. 19．When Jane first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was (usual) for a woman to live in the forest. 20．All animals have the ability to look after (they). 21．Ten students were praised at the meeting, (include) Li Ming and Wang Fei. 22．The number of these (endanger) animals is on the increase these years. 23．His grandpa used to be a well­-known (chemistry) in a university. 24．It is well known that (organ) food is more tasty. 25．We must try to do everything we can for (we) in our daily life. 26．Eventually, Mike ran deep in debt and he ended up (beg) in the street. 27．They are having a meeting to discuss the (environment) problems. 28．Waste paper is (recycle) and it can be made into new paper. 29．Equipped with much (agriculture) knowledge, the new farmers are able to do much better than their parents. 30．The bridge, (build) in the 1980s, was carried away in the big floods last month. 题型五、单词拼写 31．Parents’ words and behaviors will ________ (影响) their children deeply and this effect will last long. 32．We’d better use public ________ (交通) to get to the airport, as parking there is both expensive and hard to find. 33．Waiting for the job interview to begin, he felt increasingly _________ (焦虑的) and rehearsed (排练) his answers in his head. 34．The company__________(声称) that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river. 35．I thought it was another chance to repay someone for a favour I’d been given ________ (十年) earlier. 36．They can’t treat me like that; I’m not going to ________ (吞下) it. 37．He loaned the museum his entire ________ (收藏品). 38．They will hold a ________ (委员会) to discuss the proposal. 39．It really doesn’t have to be big. As a matter of fact, you should always have ________ (实际的) expectations. 40．This is an ________ (新颖的) approach to language teaching. 题型六、完成句子 41．你知道那个头发很长的女孩吗？ Do you know the girl ________ ________ is very long? 42．我永远不会忘记你帮助我的那个下午。 I will never forget the afternoon ________ ________ helped me. 43．这一令人担忧的案例显示了气温上升给地球生态带来的影响。 This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature ________________ Earth’s ecology. 44．There are 46 students in our class, out ________ ________ only 11 are taking an optional art course. 我们班有46名学生，其中只有11名学生选修了艺术课程。 45．________________, the earth is round.   我们大家都知道，地球是圆的。 46．Please make sure that ________________. 夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉。 47．Pollution is __________________ 污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。 48．In our class, we have some students ________________. 我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。 49．_________  _________  _________ some workers in the factory are working 60 hours a week. 据说这个工厂有些工人每周工作60个小时。 50．All of us should work out for half an hour every day, __________ _________ we can strengthen our body. 我们所有人都应该每天锻炼半小时，通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高二下·湖南长沙·阶段检测）阅读下面的短文或句子，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Luo Xianhua, a tea farmer from Tongmu village deep within the Wuyishan National Park, also serves as a forest ranger for at least 15 days every month. The national park, 1 (carve) on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a mixed cultural and natural heritage site, is home to the world's most well-preserved mid-subtropical forest ecosystem. 2 on watch at the Tongmu conservation station, Luo patrols (巡逻) the forest, monitors wildlife, and checks for fire hazards. He firmly holds the belief 3 a healthy environment is the foundation of high-quality tea. He tends his alpine tea garden and keeps a close eye on any signs of 4 (ecology) damage. Uniforms away, Luo returns to his tea garden 5 (earn) a living for his family. “Good environment is 6 guarantee to quality tea products, “he says. His words reflect a simple but profound truth: humans and the land cannot be separated. His efforts, 7 (fortunate), have inspired others in the community. So far,12 people from his village 8 (join) the ranger team to help protect the national park. All of them work as volunteers, patrolling the forest and preventing it 9 illegal logging. The Wuyishan National Park plays a critical role in global biodiversity conservation, 10 is why Luo takes his duty seriously. “We are not just protecting trees,” he explains. “We are protecting a living system.” （25-26高二下·山西忻州·期中）阅读下面短文，从空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qiu Liqin, 1 comes from a small village in east China’s Zhejiang Province, traveled to the United Nations headquarters in New York to receive the highest environmental honor. “This is the 2 (good) moment in my life,” said Qiu Liqin, when she 3 (present) the Champions of the Earth Award for Zhejiang’s Green Rural Revival Program on September 27, 2018. 4 (launch) in 2003, the program aims to update about 1,000 central villages and improve villagers’ quality of life. Qiu’s hometown, Lujia Village in Anji County, is part of 5 program. She witnessed the village’s huge 6 (transform) over the past decade and described it 7 a story of turning the tables. Fifteen years ago, with no dustbin in the whole village, the environment was quite 8 (worry). The villagers had no choice but 9 (dump) their garbage into rivers, leading to heavy water pollution. But now, the rivers are very clear after decades of cleanup. Nowadays, 90 percent of the villages in the province have started a new chapter in the new era. The rural living environment in the province continues to lead the country, with the forest coverage rate reaching 61 percent and the income of rural 10 (resident) ranking first in the country for 20 consecutive years. 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二下·陕西商洛·阶段检测）假定你是李华，为了响应校园环保活动，请你向全校同学写一封主题为“Go Green, Live Green”的倡议书，呼吁大家保护环境、绿色生活。 内容包括： 2．现存环境问题； 3．具体环保行动； 4．发出呼吁。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 5．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear schoolmates, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Conservation重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1.unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→usual adj.通常的；平常的 2.varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v.有变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n.变化；多样性 3.decrease vi.& vt.减少n.减少；减少的量→increase v.(使)增长，增多；增加n.增长；增多；增加 4.endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v.使遭危险；危及；危害 5.conservation n.保护→conserve v.节省；节约；保护 6.recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 7.informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→information n.信息；消息 8.threat n.威胁； (灾难等坏事)发生的可能→threaten v.威胁 9.illegally adv.非法地，违法地→legal adj.法律的；法律允许的；合法的 10.extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n.灭绝，绝种，消亡 11.incredibly adv.非常地，极端地→incredible adj.不能相信的；难以置信的 12.urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→urgency n.紧急 13.packaging n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料→package n.包；盒；袋 14.consumer n.消费者→consume v.消费 15.wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste n.& v.浪费；滥用 16.transportation n.交通运输系统，运输方式→transport v.运输 17.dirt n.灰尘，尘土→dirty adj.肮脏的；龌龊的 18.realistic adj.现实的，实际的→realise v.实现；了解 19.innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的→innovate v.创新；改革 20.aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n.知道；认识；意识 21.collection n.收集；收藏品；专辑→collect v.收集 22.reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v.再次使用；重复使用n.再用，重新使用 23.anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n.担心；焦虑；渴望 24.destruction n.破坏，毁坏→destroy vt.破坏 25.stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick v.……刺入(或插入)；刺 26.annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoying adj.使人烦恼的 27.anger n.愤怒；怒气→angry adj.生气的 28.relate vi.相联系，有关联→related adj.相联系的→relation n.联系，关联 29.regular adj.定期的，有规律的→regularly adv.有规律地 30.suit v.适合 n.套装→suitable adj.适合的 题型二、核心短语 1.die out　消失；绝迹，灭绝 2.wipe out 彻底毁灭 3.be to blame 把……归咎于，……应受责备 4.be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 5.due to 由于 6.depend on 取决于 7.in short 总之 8.take action/steps 采取行动 9.have a role　起某种作用 10.do one’s part 尽自己的职责 11.set out 开始做某事，着手进行 12.cut down 砍倒；减少 13.pick up 捡起；偶然学会；接收(信号)；(无意中)学会 14.end up 最终成为……；最后处于 15.at present 目前；现在 题型三、重点单词 1.species n.物种，种 2.wipe vt. 擦；拭 3.mass adj. 大量的 4.blame v. 责怪，指责 5.affect vt. 影响 6.solar adj. 太阳光(能)的 7.hatch vi.&vt. (使) 孵化 8.restore v. (使) 恢复 9.plastic adj.　塑料制的 10.destroy vt. 破坏；毁掉 11.item n. 一项，一条 12.switch vi.& vt. 转换，改变 13.hunt vi.& vt. 猎取，猎杀 14.packet n. 小包，小盒 15.wrap v. 包，裹 16.swallow vi.& vt. 吞下，咽下 17.refillable adj. 可再填充的 18.council n. 委员会；理事会 19.jam n.　拥挤，堵塞；果酱 20.decade n. 十年，十年期 题型四、单句语法填空 1．He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, he won the light heavyweight gold medal. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：他在1960年罗马奥运会上一举成名，当时他赢得了轻重量级金牌。先行词是the 1960 Rome Olympics，表时间概念，定语从句“he won the light heavyweight gold medal”结构完整，不缺主语、宾语或表语，只缺少时间状语，因此用关系副词when引导该非限制性定语从句。 2．The team, worked day and night, finally completed the project. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：这支团队昼夜不停地工作，最终完成了项目。本句主干为The team finally completed the project，中间为修饰先行词team的非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代team，这里是整个团队，因此填关系代词which。 3．The old house, roof was damaged in the storm, is being repaired. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：那栋老房子的屋顶在风暴中受损，目前正在维修中。句子主干为The old house is being repaired，空格处所在部分是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The old house；从句中roof与先行词是所属关系，表示“老房子的屋顶”，关系词在从句中作定语，因此填关系代词whose。 4．Mr. Johnson, we met at the conference, will visit our school next week. 【答案】whom/who 【详解】句意：约翰逊先生，也就是我们在会议上见到的那位，下周将访问我们的学校。先行词Mr. Johnson指人，在定语从句中作动词met的宾语，本句为非限制性定语从句，因此用关系代词whom或who。 5．He is the only person can help you out of trouble. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他是唯一能帮你摆脱困境的人。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词person前有the only修饰，在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导。 6． is known to all, reading widely contributes greatly to our writing ability in senior high school. 【答案】As 【详解】句意：众所周知，广泛阅读对我们高中的写作能力有很大帮助。As is known to all意为“众所周知”，as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话内容，位于句首首字母大写。 7．I’d like to recommend the movie The Wandering Earth, is popular with Chinese teenagers. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：我想推荐一部深受中国青少年喜爱的电影《流浪地球》。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为movie，指代事物，非限制性定语从句作主语用which。 8．Heritage sites not only often provide answers to questions, but also often pose questions to there are no definitive answers at the moment. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：遗产遗址不仅经常提供问题的答案，而且经常提出目前没有明确答案的问题。此处为介词+which引导的定语从句修饰先行词questions，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。 9．Digitalization has made cultural heritage more accessible to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：数字化使文化遗产更加易于公众接触，特别是对居住在农村地区的人们而言，他们原本无法亲自前往这些场所。空处引导定语从句，先行词是rural areas，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that。 10．This old museum, collection includes many ancient paintings, attracts thousands of visitors yearly. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：这座藏品中有许多古画的古老博物馆，每年都吸引着成千上万的游客。此空考查定语从句关系代词，先行词museum与collection为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句。 11．My brother loves stamps, and his stamp (collect) has already filled three large albums. 【答案】collection 【详解】句意：我的弟弟喜爱邮票，他的藏品已经装满三大本集邮册。形容词性物主代词后接名词，动词collect的名词为collection，意为“收藏品”。 12．If you park (legal), you’re likely to be fined. 【答案】illegally 【详解】句意：如果你违规停车，你很可能会被罚款。此处修饰动词park，需用副词形式，结合“you’re likely to be fined”可知，空处表示“非法地”，legal是形容词，其副词形式为legally，应用否定形式illegally，作状语，意为“违规地、非法地”。 13．Many wild animals are facing the danger of (extinct) because of environmental pollution. 【答案】extinction 【详解】句意：由于环境污染，许多野生动物正面临灭绝的危险。空格前为介词of，后面需接名词作宾语。形容词extinct的名词是extinction，意为“灭绝”，是不可数名词。 14．Finding new and (innovation) way to recycle single-use plastic is of vital importance to our planet. 【答案】innovative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：找到新颖且创新的方法来回收一次性塑料，对我们的地球至关重要。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词way，应用形容词形式，innovation的形容词为innovative，意为“创新的”，符合语境。故填innovative。 15．If you dig deep into them, books can be (incredible) wonderful in our daily life.   【答案】incredibly 【详解】考查副词。句意：如果你深入挖掘，书籍在我们的日常生活中会极其精彩。提示词修饰形容词wonderful，用副词形式incredibly作状语，表示“极其，非常”，表程度。故填incredibly。 16．All the delicate presents (wrap) up in colorful paper for the party yesterday. 【答案】were wrapped 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：昨天聚会上所有精美的礼物都用彩色纸包好了。主语All the delicate presents与谓语构成被动关系，根据yesterday可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were wrapped。 17．His health (destroy) because he had worked so hard without rest. 【答案】was destroyed 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他的身体垮了，因为他一直拼命工作，没有休息。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中充当主句的谓语。根据从句“because he had worked so hard without rest”可知，主句描述过去发生的事情，且主语health与动词destroy之间是被动关系，表示“健康被毁掉”，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，主语为单数，be动词用was，destroy的过去分词为destroyed。故填was destroyed。 18．Quicksand found on beaches or riverbanks is a hidden danger that traps dozens of people each year. If you find yourself (stick) in it, avoid allowing others to help, as this could cause them to get trapped as well. 【答案】stuck 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海滩或河岸上发现的流沙是一种隐藏的危险，每年都会困住数十人。如果你发现自己被困在其中，避免让他人帮忙，因为这可能也会导致他们被困。此处在句中作宾补，宾语为yourself，与stick之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词stuck作宾补，故填stuck。 19．When Jane first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was (usual) for a woman to live in the forest. 【答案】unusual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：1960年，当简第一次来到贡贝时，一个女人住在森林里是很不寻常的。根据句意和常识可知，1960年女人住在森林里是“不寻常的”，空处需填形容词unusual作表语。故填unusual。 20．All animals have the ability to look after (they). 【答案】themselves 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：所有的动物都有照顾自己的能力。固定短语：look after oneself“照顾自己”。此处表示动物照顾“它们自己”。故填themselves。 21．Ten students were praised at the meeting, (include) Li Ming and Wang Fei. 【答案】including 【详解】考查介词。句意：十个学生在会上受到表扬，包括李明和王飞。根据句意，此处应该是介词including，意思为“包括”。故填including。 22．The number of these (endanger) animals is on the increase these years. 【答案】endangered 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些年来，这种濒危动物的数量在增加。分析句子结构，该空需要填形容词作定语修饰名词animals；所给词endanger为及物动词，其形容词endangered可作定语，意为“濒危的，濒临灭绝的”，符合题意。故填endangered。 23．His grandpa used to be a well­-known (chemistry) in a university. 【答案】chemist 【详解】考查名词。句意：他爷爷过去是一所大学的著名化学家。分析句子可知，设空处为be动词后作表语，前面有冠词a修饰，根据句意，可知指的是人，故填名词作表语。故填chemist。 24．It is well known that (organ) food is more tasty. 【答案】organic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：众所周知，有机食品更美味。修饰名词food ，前用形容词形式。根据句意，故填organic。 25．We must try to do everything we can for (we) in our daily life. 【答案】ourselves 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：在日常生活中，我们必须尽力为自己做一切力所能及的事情。分析句子可知，can后面省略动词do，设空处为介词for的宾语，意为“我们自己”，用we的反身代词，故填ourselves。 26．Eventually, Mike ran deep in debt and he ended up (beg) in the street. 【答案】begging 【详解】考查动名词作宾语。句意：最后，迈克负债累累，最后流落街头乞讨。固定搭配：end up doing sth.“以做某事而结束”，其中动名词作宾语。故填begging。 27．They are having a meeting to discuss the (environment) problems. 【答案】environmental 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们正在开一个讨论环境问题的会议。分析句子，该空需要填一个形容词作problems的定语；所给词environment为名词，其形容词environmental符合题意。故填environmental。 28．Waste paper is (recycle) and it can be made into new paper. 【答案】recyclable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：废纸是可回收的，可以制成新纸。此处缺少形容词作表语，recyclable，可回收利用的，符合题意，故填recyclable。 29．Equipped with much (agriculture) knowledge, the new farmers are able to do much better than their parents. 【答案】agricultural 【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意：由于掌握了许多农业知识，这些新农民比他们的父母干得好得多。句中knowledge是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词agriculture是名词，其形容词是agricultural，在句中作定语。故填agricultural。 30．The bridge, (build) in the 1980s, was carried away in the big floods last month. 【答案】built 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座桥建于20世纪80年代，在大洪水中被冲走了。分析句子结构可知build在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语bridge构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填built。 题型五、单词拼写 31．Parents’ words and behaviors will ________ (影响) their children deeply and this effect will last long. 【答案】influence/affect 【详解】考查动词。句意：父母的言行将深深地影响他们的孩子，而且这种影响会持续很长时间。“影响”作谓语，用动词influence/affect，在助动词will后用原形，构成一般将来时态。故填influence/affect。 32．We’d better use public ________ (交通) to get to the airport, as parking there is both expensive and hard to find. 【答案】transport/transportation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们最好乘坐公共交通去机场，因为那里的停车既昂贵又很难找到车位。根据句子结构和汉语提示“交通”，设空处应填名词transport或transportation；设空处作use的宾语，且transport/transportation为不可数名词，无需变形。故填transport/transportation。 33．Waiting for the job interview to begin, he felt increasingly _________ (焦虑的) and rehearsed (排练) his answers in his head. 【答案】anxious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在等待面试开始的时候，他感到越来越焦虑，并在脑海中排练了他的答案。空处作表语，结合汉语提示可知，形容词anxious“焦虑的”符合题意。故填anxious。 34．The company__________(声称) that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river. 【答案】claims/declares 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：该公司声称其对河流污染一事不负责任。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据句意和后文is可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；表示“声称”用claim/declare，句子主语company为第三人称单数。故填claims/declares。 35．I thought it was another chance to repay someone for a favour I’d been given ________ (十年) earlier. 【答案】decade 【详解】考查名词。句意：我认为这是另一个机会，可以报答十年前别人给我的帮助。根据汉语提示“十年”可知，此处应用可数名词decade，a decade earlier为固定表达，在句中作时间状语，其中名词decade用来修饰行容词比较级earlier作定语，且冠词a在非正式语中常省略，因此用单数形式。故填decade。 36．They can’t treat me like that; I’m not going to ________ (吞下) it. 【答案】swallow 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们不能那样对待我；我忍不下这口气。表示“吞下”使用动词swallow，使用动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，故填swallow。 37．He loaned the museum his entire ________ (收藏品). 【答案】collection 【详解】考查名词。句意：他把自己的全部收藏品都借给了博物馆。根据汉语提示“收藏品”可知，对应的名词是collection；此处“entire”（全部的）修饰可数名词单数，所以空处应填collection。故填collection。 38．They will hold a ________ (委员会) to discuss the proposal. 【答案】council 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们将召开委员会来讨论这项建议。表示“委员会”使用名词council，由a可知使用名词单数，作宾语。故填council。 39．It really doesn’t have to be big. As a matter of fact, you should always have ________ (实际的) expectations. 【答案】realistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：它真的不必很大。事实上，你应该总是有实际的期望。空白处在句子中作定语表示属性，应使用形容词作定语，根据汉语提示“实际的”可知，对应的形容词是 realistic。故填 realistic。 40．This is an ________ (新颖的) approach to language teaching. 【答案】innovative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一种创新的语言教学方法。表示“新颖的”使用形容词innovative，作定语修饰名词approach，故填innovative。 题型六、完成句子 41．你知道那个头发很长的女孩吗？ Do you know the girl ________ ________ is very long? 【答案】 whose hair 【详解】“头发很长的”是定语修饰“女孩”，应为定语从句修饰先行词the girl，且第二空应是从句主语“头发”，用hair表示，与先行词之间为所属关系，此时第一空处应用whose引导定语从句，并在从句中修饰hair。 42．我永远不会忘记你帮助我的那个下午。 I will never forget the afternoon ________ ________ helped me. 【答案】 when you 【详解】第一空引导限制性定语从句，先行词the afternoon，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导；第二空，表示“你”应用you。 43．这一令人担忧的案例显示了气温上升给地球生态带来的影响。 This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature ________________ Earth’s ecology. 【答案】 affected/influenced或had an impact/effect on 【详解】主句谓语动词showed是一般过去时，本句从句描述的是该案例反映的过往相关情况，遵循宾语从句“主过从必过”的时态一致原则，空格处的谓语需要用过去式形式；此处表示“给……带来影响”，符合的常用表达有两类：及物动词affect/influence或短语短语have an impact/effect on。 44．There are 46 students in our class, out ________ ________ only 11 are taking an optional art course. 我们班有46名学生，其中只有11名学生选修了艺术课程。 【答案】 of whom 【详解】考查定语从句及介词搭配。根据“我们班有46名学生，其中只有11名学生……”可知，需用“out of+宾语”表示“在……之中”，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是46 students，指人，需用whom，作介词of的宾语。故①填of，②填whom。 45．________________, the earth is round.   我们大家都知道，地球是圆的。 【答案】As we all know 【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；表示“正如我们大家都知道”用as we all know，此处使用as引导定语从句，作宾语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填As we all know。 46．Please make sure that ________________. 夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉。 【答案】all the lights are switched off at night 【详解】考查宾语从句。“make sure that+从句”表示“确保……”，从句要用陈述语序。“关掉灯”用switch off the lights，这里灯是被关掉，要用被动语态are switched off；“在夜间”用短语 at night。故填all the lights are switched off at night。 47．Pollution is __________________ 污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。 【答案】a threat to the continued existence of this species 【详解】考查介词短语。表示“对……造成威胁”应用介词短语a threat to，作表语；表示“一物种的继续生存”应用the continued existence of this species。故填a threat to the continued existence of this species。 48．In our class, we have some students ________________. 我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。 【答案】whose compositions are well written 【详解】考查定语从句。空处定语从句修饰先行词students，在从句作定语，用whose；从句主语“作文”应用复数名词compositions，表示数量大于一；表示“写得好”应用be well written，与主语构成被动关系，根据上文have可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填whose compositions are well written。 49．_________  _________  _________ some workers in the factory are working 60 hours a week. 据说这个工厂有些工人每周工作60个小时。 【答案】 It’s claimed that 【详解】考查固定句型。“据说……”可用固定句型“It’s claimed that...”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，句中描述一般性事实用一般现在时态。故填It’s；claimed；that。 50．All of us should work out for half an hour every day, __________ _________ we can strengthen our body. 我们所有人都应该每天锻炼半小时，通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质。 【答案】 through which 【详解】考查定语从句。对比中英文可知，空处表示“通过锻炼”，且空处前后均为完整的句子，其中的“锻炼”指代前面提到的行为，因此可用介词through表示“通过”，和关系代词which搭配，引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的work out for half an hour every day作补充说明。故填through which。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高二下·湖南长沙·阶段检测）阅读下面的短文或句子，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Luo Xianhua, a tea farmer from Tongmu village deep within the Wuyishan National Park, also serves as a forest ranger for at least 15 days every month. The national park, 1 (carve) on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a mixed cultural and natural heritage site, is home to the world's most well-preserved mid-subtropical forest ecosystem. 2 on watch at the Tongmu conservation station, Luo patrols (巡逻) the forest, monitors wildlife, and checks for fire hazards. He firmly holds the belief 3 a healthy environment is the foundation of high-quality tea. He tends his alpine tea garden and keeps a close eye on any signs of 4 (ecology) damage. Uniforms away, Luo returns to his tea garden 5 (earn) a living for his family. “Good environment is 6 guarantee to quality tea products, “he says. His words reflect a simple but profound truth: humans and the land cannot be separated. His efforts, 7 (fortunate), have inspired others in the community. So far,12 people from his village 8 (join) the ranger team to help protect the national park. All of them work as volunteers, patrolling the forest and preventing it 9 illegal logging. The Wuyishan National Park plays a critical role in global biodiversity conservation, 10 is why Luo takes his duty seriously. “We are not just protecting trees,” he explains. “We are protecting a living system.” 【答案】 1．carved 2．While/When 3．that 4．ecological 5．to earn 6．a 7．fortunately 8．have joined 9．from 10．which 【导语】本文讲述武夷山国家公园桐木村茶农罗先华身兼护林员，坚守生态保护工作，秉持绿水青山孕育优质好茶的理念，带动村民共同守护武夷山生态与生物多样性的故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化与自然双重遗产名录的国家公园，拥有全球保存最完好的中亚热带森林生态系统。此处作后置定语，逻辑主语The national park与动词carve为被动关系，用过去分词carved表被动。 2．考查状语从句连词。句意：在桐木保护站执勤时，罗先华巡查森林、监测野生动物并排查火灾隐患。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，用从属连词while/when引导从句；句首首字母大写。 3．考查同位语从句。句意：他坚信，良好的环境是高品质茶叶的基础。从句具体解释说明抽象名词belief的内容，从句句意完整、成分齐全，用连词that引导同位语从句。 4．考查形容词。句意：他打理着自己的高山茶园，密切关注任何生态遭到破坏的迹象。空处修饰名词damage，需用形容词作定语，ecology对应的形容词为ecological，意为“生态的”。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：卸下护林制服后，罗先华便回到茶园，靠劳作养家糊口。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，说明返回茶园的目的，故填to earn。 6．考查冠词。句意：良好的环境是优质茶叶的保障。guarantee为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，且发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 7．考查副词。句意：所幸，他的努力鼓舞了社区里的其他人。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词，fortunate对应的副词形式为fortunately，意为“幸运地”。 8．考查现在完成时。句意：迄今为止，村里已有12人加入护林队，助力守护这座国家公园。join(加入)是谓语动词，时间状语So far是现在完成时的标志词，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数形式have joined。 9．考查固定搭配。句意：他们全部以志愿者身份工作，巡查森林，防止森林遭到非法砍伐。固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，故填from。 10．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：武夷山国家公园在全球生物多样性保护中起着至关重要的作用，这也是罗先华认真对待自己职责的原因。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词指代前文整句话内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。 （25-26高二下·山西忻州·期中）阅读下面短文，从空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qiu Liqin, 1 comes from a small village in east China’s Zhejiang Province, traveled to the United Nations headquarters in New York to receive the highest environmental honor. “This is the 2 (good) moment in my life,” said Qiu Liqin, when she 3 (present) the Champions of the Earth Award for Zhejiang’s Green Rural Revival Program on September 27, 2018. 4 (launch) in 2003, the program aims to update about 1,000 central villages and improve villagers’ quality of life. Qiu’s hometown, Lujia Village in Anji County, is part of 5 program. She witnessed the village’s huge 6 (transform) over the past decade and described it 7 a story of turning the tables. Fifteen years ago, with no dustbin in the whole village, the environment was quite 8 (worry). The villagers had no choice but 9 (dump) their garbage into rivers, leading to heavy water pollution. But now, the rivers are very clear after decades of cleanup. Nowadays, 90 percent of the villages in the province have started a new chapter in the new era. The rural living environment in the province continues to lead the country, with the forest coverage rate reaching 61 percent and the income of rural 10 (resident) ranking first in the country for 20 consecutive years. 【答案】 1．who 2．best 3．was presented 4．Launched 5．the 6．transformation 7．as 8．worrying 9．to dump 10．residents 【导语】本文主要介绍了来自浙江的邱丽琴（音译）因浙江省“千村示范、万村整治”工程获得“地球卫士奖”，以及该工程带来的乡村环境变化和成就。 1．考查定语从句。句意：邱丽琴来自中国东部浙江省的一个小村庄，她前往纽约联合国总部领取最高环境荣誉。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Qiu Liqin，指人，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who。 2．考查形容词最高级。句意：“这是我一生中最美好的时刻，”邱丽琴在2018年9月27日因浙江省“千村示范、万村整治”工程被授予“地球卫士奖”时说。根据空前的the以及in my life可知，此处表示三者及以上中的“最……”，要用形容词good的最高级best。 3．考查时态和语态。句意同上。此处为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语on September 27, 2018可知，要用一般过去时；主语she与present(授予)之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was presented。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：该工程于2003年启动，旨在改造约1000个中心村，提高村民的生活质量。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the program与launch(启动)之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词Launched作状语，句首首字母大写。 5．考查冠词。句意：邱丽琴的家乡——安吉县鲁家村，是该工程的一部分。此处特指前文提到的“Zhejiang’s Green Rural Revival Program”，所以用定冠词the修饰program。 6．考查名词。句意：她见证了过去十年村里的巨大变化，并将其描述为一个逆转乾坤的故事。此处作witnessed的宾语，且空前有形容词huge修饰，所以用transform的名词形式transformation，transformation为不可数名词。 7．考查介词。句意同上。固定搭配describe...as...意为“把……描述为……”，所以此处用介词as。 8．考查形容词。句意：十五年前，全村没有一个垃圾桶，环境相当令人担忧。此处作表语，修饰the environment，用形容词worrying“令人担忧的”。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：村民们别无选择，只能把垃圾倒进河里，导致严重的水污染。固定搭配have no choice but to do sth意为“别无选择只能做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to dump。 10．考查名词复数。句意：该省农村人居环境持续领先全国，森林覆盖率达61%，农村居民收入连续20年位居全国第一。resident(居民)为可数名词，此处指农村的居民，数量不止一个，所以用复数形式residents。 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二下·陕西商洛·阶段检测）假定你是李华，为了响应校园环保活动，请你向全校同学写一封主题为“Go Green, Live Green”的倡议书，呼吁大家保护环境、绿色生活。 内容包括： 2．现存环境问题； 3．具体环保行动； 4．发出呼吁。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 5．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear schoolmates, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear schoolmates, To respond to our school’s environmental protection activity, I’m here to put forward a proposal themed “Go Green, Live Green”. Nowadays, energy waste and plastic litter are getting worse on our campus, which greatly harms our living environment. I call on all of us to start with small daily acts: turn off taps and lights when unused, say no to single-use plastics and sort garbage correctly. Let’s keep green living habits from now on and work together to build a more beautiful campus! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】题目要求考生以李华身份写一封主题为“Go Green, Live Green”的英语倡议书，包括现存环境问题、具体环保行动及呼吁，呼吁全校同学保护环境、绿色生活。 1. 词汇积累 保护：protection → conservation 极大地：greatly → substantially 呼吁：call on → appeal to 关闭：turn off → switch off 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I call on all of us to start with small daily acts: turn off taps and lights when unused, say no to single-use plastics and sort garbage correctly. 拓展句：I call on all of us to start with small daily acts that include turning off taps and lights when unused, saying no to single-use plastics and sorting garbage correctly. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, energy waste and plastic litter are getting worse on our campus, which greatly harms our living environment. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I call on all of us to start with small daily acts: turn off taps and lights when unused, say no to single-use plastics and sort garbage correctly. (运用了时间状语从句的省略结构) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $