Unit 2 Success 动词ing形式做主语宾语和表语（核心语法精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦动词-ing形式作主语、表语和宾语，以“概念-规则-应用”逻辑构建方法体系，融合口诀记忆与真题演练，提升语法应用与语境理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A考点概览·知识回顾|知识梳理+对比辨析|动名词与不定式功能对比（泛指/具体动作）|从名词性质推导句法功能，明确三类语法作用| |B考点夯基·专项突破|高考真题（3题）+单句填空（30题）+完成句子（10题）|接动名词动词口诀（避免错过少延期等）、主动表被动结构（need doing=to be done）|分述作主语（It is no use...等句型）、表语（主语表语互换）、宾语（动词/短语搭配）的核心规则| |C综合攻坚·能力跃升|语法填空（2篇）+阅读理解（2篇）|语境中动名词的灵活运用|结合语篇考查语法规则迁移，强化语言能力与思维品质|

Unit 2 Success 核心语法精练（动词-ing形式作主语、表语和宾语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、定语从句关系代词高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 一、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1．作主语 (1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。 Swimming is my favourite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。 Collecting stamps is his hobby.集邮是他的爱好。 [名师点津] 动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作) (2)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。 It's no use waiting for him any longer.再等他是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it.争论此事是浪费时间。 (3)当句型“There is no...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。 There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。 2．作宾语 (1)作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住： 避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone) 建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind) Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？ (2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be worth等。 He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 I have never looked forward to visiting that place.我从未盼望过要参观那个地方。 (3)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。 (4)下列动词可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs 这辆自行车需要修一下。 3．作表语 动名词作表语时句子的主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows.(Cleaning the windows is your task.)你的任务就是擦窗户。 What I hate most is being laughed at.(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 一、高考真题 1.（2026年全国一卷）Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets. 2.（2026年全国二卷）At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still ____64____ (be) early at 8 am. 3.（2026年浙江1月）My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember ____42____ (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over the uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 二、单句语法填空 1．His (fail) to pass the exam made his parents worried. 2．There is no (tell) what may happen in the future. 3． (battle) against difficulties bravely helps us grow stronger in our daily life. 4．The steps were full of sand, and (walk) on the soft sand turned out to be much more challenging than I had thought. 5．Besides, (get) along well with animals will make life more interesting. 6．I am looking forward to (receive) your reply soon. 7．Teachers attach importance to (read) classic works. 8．To improve our English, we keep (practice) speaking every day after class. 9．Equipment producers are spending increasingly large budgets (develop) state-of-the-art materials in the production of a whole range of sports items. 10．So an initiative was launched and a “clean-up” campaign was added to the government agenda, including (restrict) large vehicles from passing through the village. 11．I really appreciate your (make) time in your schedule to attend the meeting today. 12．Don't interrupt him — he is absorbed in (practice) for the upcoming concert. 13．After moving to the desert, the camel quickly adapted (live) with little water. 14．The scientist expressed his concern about (use) too many chemicals in farming. 15．One way for him to find inspiration is (turn) to his children’s toys. 16．Our task is (finish) the project on time. 17．Her job is (look) after the old people. 18．On March 12th, the traditional activity is (plant) trees. 19． (praise) by the teacher in class encourages students to work harder. 20． (travel) around the world has always been his dream since childhood. 21． (invite) to attend the international academic conference is a great honor. 22．It is no use (complain) without taking any actual action. 23．We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability.     (participate) in a post-visit survey is required. 24． (analyse) the medical texts again made Tu Youyou find a different way to treat the wormwood. 25． (Expose) to different cultures through travel can broaden one's perspective. 26．Making eye contact or (look) into someone’s eyes is a way to display interest in some countries. 27．For those who live in cities, (spend) time in nature can be a superb experience. 28．My classmates assisted me in (prepare) for the speech contest, and I finally won the first prize. 29．Besides planting trees, volunteers also keep on (pick) up litter in the park every weekend. 30．This new approach to (learn) English has helped many students make progress. 三、完成句子 31．她声称，退缩就等同于承认失败。 She claimed that ________________ equaled admitting failure. 32．The law ________________. 这项法规应被视为是实现某些社会目标的一种途径。 33．除了演奏萨克斯风外，这位音乐家还擅长吹长笛。 Apart from playing the saxophone, the musician ________. 34．We _______________ on board for as long as we could. 我们尽可能推迟登机。 35．She ________________ a family. 她渴望有个家。 36．将工作和娱乐结合是一种很好的生活方式，它不仅可以提高工作效率，而且对我们也有很大的好处。 ________________, which can not only improve work efficiency but also be of great benefit to us. 37．在野外生活对大多数年轻人来说是一个挑战。 _________________________ is a challenge for most young people. 38．为小组项目失败而责备同学是没有用的；你应该一起寻找解决方案。 ________ for the group project failure; you should find solutions together 39．My first job was ________ at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. 我的第一份工作是16岁时在尤凯亚图书馆上班。 40．A good way of saying “I am full” is ________ in circles over your stomach after a meal. 用餐后轻轻用手在胃部转圈表示“我饱了”。 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高二下·湖北襄阳·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A “3D rendering (渲染) competition” is a contest 1 participants engage in the process of creating three-dimensional animations by means of computer programs. Through such techniques 2 adding textures, lighting effects and colors, competitors are expected to display their 3 (create) freely based on a pre-provided video. However, they are not allowed to change the structure of the original video or the position of the main character. The 9th World Rendering Competition, themed “kinetic rush”, 4 (challenge) participants to create unique animations, based on the 5 (give) video. It attracted thousands of 3D artists from around the world, receiving a diverse collection of imaginative 6 (entry) masterfully created. Among these, the work of Karaok, a 3D artist from Chengdu China, stood out and 7 (award) the runner-up. Inspired by an Egyptian Paralympic table tennis player, his animation tells the story of an armless boy who 8 (enthusiastic) pursues his dream of playing ping-pong despite his disabilities. Karaok’s work successfully made it to 9 top competition, showcasing extraordinary technical competence as well as emotional descriptions. The judges highly praised his piece, 10 (refer) to it as “a work where every pixel (像素) is perfectly completed, without a single flaw.” （25-26高二上·河北保定·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In today’s fast-paced world, learning to manage stress is essential for everyone, 1 (especial) students. When facing challenges like exams, it is natural to feel anxious. However, effective 2 (strategy) can help us cope better. Experts suggest that regular exercise is one of the best ways to reduce stress. They argue that some forms of physical activities should 3 (include) in our daily routine. A healthy lifestyle, 4 (comprise) of balanced nutrition and adequate sleep, forms the foundation of mental well-being. 5 (ensure) our emotional security, it is equally important to share our feelings with friends or family. Social support acts as a protective buffer, 6 (make) us tougher. Moreover, developing a hobby, such as reading or painting, can provide a much-needed break and bring joy. If stress becomes overwhelming and starts affecting daily life, 7 is absolutely crucial to seek timely professional help. Many schools now offer counseling services, 8 have proven to be highly effective in providing support. Remember, taking care of our mental health is not a sign of weakness 9 a demonstration of strength and self-awareness. By adopting and practicing these approaches, we can equip ourselves 10 valuable tools to navigate life’s inevitable ups and downs more successfully. 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二下·安徽·阶段检测）“Do you remember why we proceeded with this study, Anirban?” my PhD supervisor asked. “What was the goal of these experiments?” I had painstakingly conducted 4 months of work, melting soil, extracting microbial genomic DNA, quantifying hydrocarbons, and washing endless piles of glassware. But faced with these seemingly straightforward questions, I was speechless. Amid the routine work and technical details, I had lost sight of how my work fitted in with the research hypothesis and the overall system we were investigating. This wasn’t the first time I had lost track of my research goals. In earlier endeavors, including my master’s degree and research internships, I had focused on running as many experiments, performing as many meta-analyses, and generating as many results as I could. I welcomed details and grew accustomed to getting lost in them. When I felt lost, I instead assumed my problem was lack of technical expertise. But my PhD supervisor’s comment helped me realize my detail-loving approach alone would no longer cut it. I realized that one solution might be as simple as slowing down a bit. I started taking periodic breaks from running experiments to reflect on the “so what” of the studies I was conducting. I also learned tremendously from two postdocs, who helped me balance top-down and bottom-up thinking by connecting experiment planning and data analysis with overall study objective. They helped me develop the habit of always asking ahead of time how a specific experiment or analysis would help answer the hypothesis. This led to more structured, focused thinking about subsequent steps. With time, I began to complement my love of details with an ability to evaluate the how and why of research tasks and the relevance of my work beyond the experiments, data, and analyses. I was still getting lost in the details, but I was now able to understand why. I have realized that big-picture thinking is one of the many adaptable, universal skills one can get from a PhD．And I’m happy my mentors (导师) and managers pushed me to develop it. 1．What used to be the author’s primary issue during the research? A．Lack of technical expertise. B．Losing sight of the research goals. C．Difficulty in extracting genomic DNA． D．Failing to answer the supervisor’s questions. 2．What’s the function of paragraph 2? A．To provide more examples. B．To state the author’s good work habits. C．To offer a solution to the author’s issue. D．To show the author’s educational background. 3．What strategy did the author use to approach his problem? A．Focusing on details more carefully. B．Increasing the number of experiments. C．Speeding up the experimental process. D．Taking breaks to engage in self-reflection. 4．What does the author want to tell us from his own experiences? A．Mentors are essential for providing technical expertise. B．Top-down thinking is better for research than bottom-up thinking. C．Big-picture thinking helps you stay focused on the overall objective. D．Self-reflection is important when you encounter setbacks in research. （25-26高二下·浙江衢州·期末）Working as a senior project manager in a highly competitive firm, I viewed every single minute as a valuable resource. To me, a supermarket checkout line was nothing but a frustrating block standing between me and my busy evening schedule. I would always scan the cashiers carefully, calculating which line would move the fastest. One Friday evening, exhausted and eager to get home, I rushed into the shortest line I could find. It wasn’t until I was blocked by other carts that I noticed the sign above: “Slow Checkout.” I sighed inwardly. I was trapped behind an elderly lady who was slowly counting out coins to pay for her groceries. Worse still, she was engaged in a detailed conversation with the young cashier about her grandson’s upcoming piano recital. I repeatedly checked my watch, my frustration mounting with each passing second. However, as I watched the scene unfold, my annoyance began to fade into guilt. The cashier wasn’t rushing her at all; instead, he maintained warm eye contact and listened attentively. For a brief moment, I saw the elderly woman’s face light up with genuine joy. It suddenly hit me. As we care too much about speed and maximum efficiency today, we often completely overlook the human element. For that elderly woman, this brief, slow interaction wasn’t a delay; it might have been the only meaningful conversation she had all day. My desperate need to save five minutes paled in comparison to her need for connection. When it was finally my turn, I didn’t rush to swipe my card and leave. Instead, I took a deep breath, smiled at the cashier, and asked how his day was going. Sometimes, slowing down doesn’t mean falling behind; it simply means taking the time to actually live. 1．What did the author mainly focus on when shopping in the past? A．Seeking the lowest prices. B．Enjoying friendly services. C．Observing others’ behavior. D．Finding the fastest line. 2．How did the author finally feel after witnessing the conversation? A．Stressed. B．Confused. C．Ashamed. D．Impatient 3．What can we infer about the elderly woman from the text? A．She simply lacked the money. B．She intentionally delayed other customers. C．She probably lived a lonely life. D．She actually knew the young cashier well. 4．What is the main message the author intends to convey? A．Proper time management is vital to success. B．Respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue. C．Supermarkets should improve checkout speed. D．Efficiency shouldn’t outweigh human connection. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Success 核心语法精练（动词-ing形式作主语、表语和宾语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、定语从句关系代词高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 一、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1．作主语 (1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。 Swimming is my favourite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。 Collecting stamps is his hobby.集邮是他的爱好。 [名师点津] 动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作) (2)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。 It's no use waiting for him any longer.再等他是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it.争论此事是浪费时间。 (3)当句型“There is no...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。 There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。 2．作宾语 (1)作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住： 避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone) 建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind) Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？ (2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be worth等。 He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 I have never looked forward to visiting that place.我从未盼望过要参观那个地方。 (3)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。 (4)下列动词可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs 这辆自行车需要修一下。 3．作表语 动名词作表语时句子的主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows.(Cleaning the windows is your task.)你的任务就是擦窗户。 What I hate most is being laughed at.(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 一、高考真题 1.（2026年全国一卷）Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets. 64. heading 【64题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 2.（2026年全国二卷）At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still ____64____ (be) early at 8 am. 【64题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：课程结束时才早上八点，天色尚早，我却感觉十分清醒。despite为介词，后接动名词作宾语，be的动名词形式为being。 3.（2026年浙江1月）My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember ____42____ (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over the uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得坐在超市的手推车里，被人推着，在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，且I与push“推”之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式，作宾语。故填being pushed。 二、单句语法填空 1．His (fail) to pass the exam made his parents worried. 【答案】failing 【详解】句意：他没能通过这次考试让他的父母很担心。“His ____ to pass the exam”是句子主语，此空应是动名词failing，作主语。 2．There is no (tell) what may happen in the future. 【答案】telling 【详解】句意：未来会发生什么，无法预料。There is no telling...是固定句型，表示“很难说……”。 3． (battle) against difficulties bravely helps us grow stronger in our daily life. 【答案】Battling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：勇敢地与困难作斗争有助于我们在日常生活中变得更强大。此处需用非谓语动词作主语；battle与逻辑主语（隐含的我们）之间为主动关系，因此用动名词，置于句首首字母大写。故填Battling。 4．The steps were full of sand, and (walk) on the soft sand turned out to be much more challenging than I had thought. 【答案】walking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：台阶上满是沙子，走在松软的沙子上比我想象的要困难得多。and后的句子已有谓语动词turned out，空处用非谓语动词作主语，用动名词walking。故填walking。 5．Besides, (get) along well with animals will make life more interesting. 【答案】getting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，与动物和睦相处会让生活更有趣。此处为非谓语动词作主语，所以使用get的动名词形式getting，get along well with意为“相处得好”。故填getting。 6．I am looking forward to (receive) your reply soon. 【答案】receiving 【详解】句意：我期待很快收到你的回复。固定短语look forward to中to是介词，后面需要接动名词作宾语，receive的动名词形式为receiving。 7．Teachers attach importance to (read) classic works. 【答案】reading 【详解】句意：教师重视阅读经典著作。attach importance to doing sth.是固定短语，意为“重视做某事”，因此空格处用动名词reading作宾语。 8．To improve our English, we keep (practice) speaking every day after class. 【答案】practicing 【详解】句意：为提升英语，我们坚持每天课后练习口语。keep doing为固定搭配，意为“持续做某事”，所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。 9．Equipment producers are spending increasingly large budgets (develop) state-of-the-art materials in the production of a whole range of sports items. 【答案】developing 【详解】句意：设备生产商正投入越来越多资金研发各类运动用品生产所需的顶尖材料。此处为固定搭配spend money doing sth.，意为“花费财力做某事”，所以用develop的动名词形式developing。 10．So an initiative was launched and a “clean-up” campaign was added to the government agenda, including (restrict) large vehicles from passing through the village. 【答案】restricting 【详解】句意：因此发起了一项倡议，“清理”运动被列入政府议程，其中包括限制大型车辆穿过村庄。including是介词，后接动词 -ing 形式作宾语，restricting在这里作宾语。 11．I really appreciate your (make) time in your schedule to attend the meeting today. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：我非常感谢你今天在日程安排中抽出时间来参加这个会议。appreciate sb’s doing，意为“感谢某人做的事”，动名词复合结构作宾语；make time意为“抽出时间”，其动名词形式为making。 12．Don't interrupt him — he is absorbed in (practice) for the upcoming concert. 【答案】practicing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要打断他——他正全神贯注地为即将到来的音乐会练习。本空作介词in的宾语，用动名词practicing“练习”。故填practicing。 13．After moving to the desert, the camel quickly adapted (live) with little water. 【答案】to living 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：搬到沙漠后，骆驼很快适应了缺水的生活。adapt to doing sth.“适应做某事”可知，此处应用to为介词，所以living需要动名词作宾语。故填to living。 14．The scientist expressed his concern about (use) too many chemicals in farming. 【答案】using 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意为：这位科学家对农业中使用过多化学物质表达了担忧。about是介词，use应用动名词形式，作宾语。故填using。 15．One way for him to find inspiration is (turn) to his children’s toys. 【答案】turning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他从孩子们的玩具中寻找灵感。此处作表语，对主语的性质、内容等进行描述，应用动名词形式。故填turning。 16．Our task is (finish) the project on time. 【答案】finishing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们的任务是按时完成项目。句中已有谓语动词is，空处应用非谓语动词，在句中作表语，应用动名词形式finishing。故填finishing。 17．Her job is (look) after the old people. 【答案】looking/to look 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是照顾老人。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“is”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中可用动名词“looking”作表语，也可用不定式作表语，说明“job”的具体内容。故填looking/to look。 18．On March 12th, the traditional activity is (plant) trees. 【答案】planting　 【详解】考查动名词作表语。句意：3月12日，传统的活动是植树。设空处说明主语the traditional activity的内容，为抽象概念，应用动名词形式作表语。故填planting。 19． (praise) by the teacher in class encourages students to work harder. 【答案】Being praised 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在课堂上受到老师的表扬会鼓励学生更加努力学习。空处需用动名词作主语，根据空后by the teacher可知，空处动词与其逻辑主语students之间是被动关系，所以空处需用动名词的被动语态being done作主语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Being praised。 20． (travel) around the world has always been his dream since childhood. 【答案】Traveling/Travelling/To travel 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环游世界从童年起就一直是他的梦想。此处需要用非谓语动词作句子的主语，动名词形式traveling或不定式形式to travel均可作主语，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填Traveling/Travelling/To travel。 21． (invite) to attend the international academic conference is a great honor. 【答案】Being invited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受邀参加这次国际学术会议是极大的荣誉。设空处应作句子的主语，所给词“invite”与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，且表示一般性、抽象的动作，应用动名词的被动形式作主语，且位于句首，句首单词首字母需大写。故填 Being invited。 22．It is no use (complain) without taking any actual action. 【答案】complaining 【详解】考查动名词。句意：只抱怨而不采取实际行动是没有用的。It is no use doing sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事没有用”，其中动名词作真正的主语，it是形式主语。故填complaining。 23．We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability.     (participate) in a post-visit survey is required. 【答案】Participating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，视名额情况而定。参与回访调查是必须的。根据“is required”可知，此空应是动名词participating，作主语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Participating。 24． (analyse) the medical texts again made Tu Youyou find a different way to treat the wormwood. 【答案】Analysing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：再次分析医学文献让屠呦呦找到了一种处理青蒿的不同方法。根据句子结构可知，“________the medical texts again”为句子的主语，谓语动词为made，此处需要用动名词短语作句子的主语，analyse的动名词形式为analysing，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Analysing。    25． (Expose) to different cultures through travel can broaden one's perspective. 【答案】Being exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过旅行接触不同的文化可以开阔一个人的视野。动词短语be exposed to意为“接触到……”符合语境；作主语应使用动名词形式；注意句首字母大写。故填Being exposed。 26．Making eye contact or (look) into someone’s eyes is a way to display interest in some countries. 【答案】looking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些国家，与人进行眼神交流或直视对方的眼睛是一种表达兴趣的方式。设空处所在部分与Making eye contact并列作主语，两者形式应保持一致，用动名词形式。故填looking。 27．For those who live in cities, (spend) time in nature can be a superb experience. 【答案】spending 【详解】考查动名词。句意：对于那些住在城市里的人来说，在大自然中度过时光会是一次极好的体验。分析句子结构可知，can be是句子谓语，“____ time in nature”是句子主语，表示经常性、概念性的动作应用动名词spending。故填spending。 28．My classmates assisted me in (prepare) for the speech contest, and I finally won the first prize. 【答案】preparing 【详解】句意：同学们帮我筹备演讲比赛，我最终斩获一等奖。介词后接动名词形式，动词prepare的动名词为preparing，意为“准备”。 29．Besides planting trees, volunteers also keep on (pick) up litter in the park every weekend. 【答案】picking 【详解】句意：除了植树，志愿者们每个周末还坚持在公园捡拾垃圾。空前为介词on，空处应填动名词作介词宾语，构成keep on doing sth.结构，表示“继续做某事”之意。pick的动名词形式为picking。 30．This new approach to (learn) English has helped many students make progress. 【答案】learning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种学习英语的新方法帮助许多学生取得了进步。approach to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，其中to为介词，本空用动名词learning作宾语。故填learning。 三、完成句子 31．她声称，退缩就等同于承认失败。 She claimed that ________________ equaled admitting failure. 【答案】backing down 【详解】“退缩”固定短语为back down，此处在从句中作主语，需变为动名词形式backing down。 32．The law ________________. 这项法规应被视为是实现某些社会目标的一种途径。 【答案】should be viewed as a way of meeting certain social goals 【详解】表示“应被视为”使用被动语态should be viewed as，表示“一种……途径”译为a way of，表示“实现某些社会目标”为meet certain social goals，作介词of的宾语，meet用动名词形式。 33．除了演奏萨克斯风外，这位音乐家还擅长吹长笛。 Apart from playing the saxophone, the musician ________. 【答案】is proficient in playing the flute 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意可知，表示“擅长”可用短语be proficient in，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语musician是第三人称单数，be用is，“演奏长笛”用play the flute表达，play作介词in的宾语，用动名词形式。故填is proficient in playing the flute。 34．We _______________ on board for as long as we could. 我们尽可能推迟登机。 【答案】delayed getting 【详解】考查时态、非谓语。表示“推迟做某事”用delay doing sth.，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式delayed。表示“登机”用get on board，本空用动名词形式，作宾语。故填delayed getting。 35．She ________________ a family. 她渴望有个家。 【答案】was keen on having 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表示“渴望”需用固定短语be keen on，后接动名词形式，“有个家”译为have a family，have的动名词为having，结合语境用一般过去时，主语She为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was keen on having 36．将工作和娱乐结合是一种很好的生活方式，它不仅可以提高工作效率，而且对我们也有很大的好处。 ________________, which can not only improve work efficiency but also be of great benefit to us. 【答案】Combining work with/and play is a very good lifestyle 【详解】表示“将……和……结合”用combine… with/and…，表示“工作”用work，表示“娱乐”用play，动名词作主语；动名词作主语看作单数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，be动词用is；表示“一种很好的生活方式”用a very good lifestyle。 37．在野外生活对大多数年轻人来说是一个挑战。 _________________________ is a challenge for most young people. 【答案】Living in the wild 【详解】根据句意，空格处表示“在野外生活”为live in the wild，在句中作主语，结合句意，此处描述经常性动作，使用动名词形式living作主语，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 38．为小组项目失败而责备同学是没有用的；你应该一起寻找解决方案。 ________ for the group project failure; you should find solutions together 【答案】It’s no use blaming your classmates 【详解】表示“做某事没有用”可使用固定句型It’s no use doing sth.，其中it为形式主语，动名词短语doing sth.为真正主语。“责备同学”译为blame your classmates，classmates用复数形式表示泛指，放入句型中为It’s no use blaming your classmates，在句首时首字母大写。 39．My first job was ________ at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. 我的第一份工作是16岁时在尤凯亚图书馆上班。 【答案】working 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“上班”为动词work，空处作表语，陈述之前的工作的具体内容，用动名词形式working。故填working。 40．A good way of saying “I am full” is ________ in circles over your stomach after a meal. 用餐后轻轻用手在胃部转圈表示“我饱了”。 【答案】moving your hand 【详解】考查动名词作表语。“move your hand in circles over your stomach”表示“用手在胃部转圈”，此处陈述习惯性行为，用动名短语作表语。故填moving your hand。 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高二下·湖北襄阳·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A “3D rendering (渲染) competition” is a contest 1 participants engage in the process of creating three-dimensional animations by means of computer programs. Through such techniques 2 adding textures, lighting effects and colors, competitors are expected to display their 3 (create) freely based on a pre-provided video. However, they are not allowed to change the structure of the original video or the position of the main character. The 9th World Rendering Competition, themed “kinetic rush”, 4 (challenge) participants to create unique animations, based on the 5 (give) video. It attracted thousands of 3D artists from around the world, receiving a diverse collection of imaginative 6 (entry) masterfully created. Among these, the work of Karaok, a 3D artist from Chengdu China, stood out and 7 (award) the runner-up. Inspired by an Egyptian Paralympic table tennis player, his animation tells the story of an armless boy who 8 (enthusiastic) pursues his dream of playing ping-pong despite his disabilities. Karaok’s work successfully made it to 9 top competition, showcasing extraordinary technical competence as well as emotional descriptions. The judges highly praised his piece, 10 (refer) to it as “a work where every pixel (像素) is perfectly completed, without a single flaw.” 【答案】 1．where 2．as 3．creativity 4．challenged 5．given 6．entries 7．was awarded 8．enthusiastically 9．the 10．referring 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍3D渲染比赛的定义，并介绍第九届世界渲染大赛及中国选手的获奖作品情况。 1．考查定语从句。句意：“3D渲染大赛”是一种参赛者借助计算机软件创作三维动画的竞赛。此处为关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词contest，先行词表示地点且在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。 2．考查介词。句意：通过添加纹理、光影效果和色彩等此类技术，参赛者需要基于预设视频自由展示创作能力。此处为固定搭配such...as...，意为“诸如……之类的”，所以用介词as。故填as。 3．考查名词。句意：通过添加纹理、光影效果和色彩等此类技术，参赛者需要基于预设视频自由展示创作能力。此处作display的宾语，且前面有形容词性物主代词their修饰，用create的名词形式creativity。故填creativity。 4．考查动词时态。句意：以“动感冲刺”为主题的第九届世界渲染大赛，要求参赛者根据给定视频创作独特动画。此处为谓语动词，根据下文的谓语动词“attracted”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为challenged。故填challenged。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：以“动感冲刺”为主题的第九届世界渲染大赛，要求参赛者根据给定视频创作独特动画。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰video，video与give为被动关系，表示“被给出的”，所以用过去分词given。故填given。 6．考查名词复数。句意：该赛事吸引了全球数千名3D艺术家，收到了大量构思精巧、技艺精湛的参赛作品。空前有a diverse collection of修饰，空处应用可数名词复数形式，所以用entries。故填entries。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：其中，来自中国成都的3D艺术家Karaok的作品脱颖而出并获得亚军。此处为谓语动词，与stood out并列，描述过去的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语work是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was awarded。故填was awarded。 8．考查副词。句意：受一位埃及残奥乒乓球运动员启发，他的动画讲述了一个无臂男孩尽管身有残疾仍满腔热情追逐乒乓球梦想的故事。此处修饰动词pursues，用enthusiastic的副词形式enthusiastically意为“热情地”。故填enthusiastically。 9．考查冠词。句意：Karaok的作品成功晋级顶级赛事，展现了非凡的技术实力与情感表达。此处特指本次大赛的顶级组别，用定冠词the修饰top competition。故填the。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：评委们高度赞扬了他的作品，称其为“每一个像素都完美无瑕、毫无缺陷的作品”。此处为非谓语动词作状语，The judges与refer为主动关系，所以用现在分词referring。故填referring。 （25-26高二上·河北保定·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In today’s fast-paced world, learning to manage stress is essential for everyone, 1 (especial) students. When facing challenges like exams, it is natural to feel anxious. However, effective 2 (strategy) can help us cope better. Experts suggest that regular exercise is one of the best ways to reduce stress. They argue that some forms of physical activities should 3 (include) in our daily routine. A healthy lifestyle, 4 (comprise) of balanced nutrition and adequate sleep, forms the foundation of mental well-being. 5 (ensure) our emotional security, it is equally important to share our feelings with friends or family. Social support acts as a protective buffer, 6 (make) us tougher. Moreover, developing a hobby, such as reading or painting, can provide a much-needed break and bring joy. If stress becomes overwhelming and starts affecting daily life, 7 is absolutely crucial to seek timely professional help. Many schools now offer counseling services, 8 have proven to be highly effective in providing support. Remember, taking care of our mental health is not a sign of weakness 9 a demonstration of strength and self-awareness. By adopting and practicing these approaches, we can equip ourselves 10 valuable tools to navigate life’s inevitable ups and downs more successfully. 【答案】 1．especially 2．strategies 3．be included 4．comprised 5．To ensure 6．making 7．it 8．which 9．but 10．with 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了压力管理的多重策略，强调心理健康维护对学生群体而言是现代生活的必要能力。 1．考查副词。句意：在当今快节奏的世界中，学会管理压力对每个人——尤其是学生——至关重要。根据空前的“is essential for everyone”可知，此处强调后面的名词students，空处应用副词especially，意为“尤其，特别”。故填especially。 2．考查名词复数。句意：然而，有效的策略可以帮助我们更好地应对。空处作主语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词strategy“策略”应用复数形式。故填strategies。 3．考查动词语态。句意：他们认为某些形式的体育活动应该被纳入日常生活。空处和should构成谓语，include“包括”和主语some forms of physical activities之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词should后be动词应用原形。故填be included。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：由均衡营养和充足睡眠构成的健康生活方式，是心理健康的基础。句子已有谓语forms，空处是非谓语，作A healthy lifestyle的后置定语，be comprised of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，comprise和A healthy lifestyle逻辑上是被动关系，因此用comprise的过去分词形式。故填comprised。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为确保情绪安全，与亲友分享感受同样重要。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作目的状语，表示“为了/来……”，应用ensure“确保”的不定式形式，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To ensure。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：社会支持如同保护缓冲层，使我们更加坚韧。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用make的现在分词形式。故填making。 7．考查固定句型。句意：若压力过大并开始影响日常生活，及时寻求专业帮助绝对关键。根据“is absolutely crucial to seek”可知，此处用固定句型“it is+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填it。 8．考查定语从句。句意：许多学校现在提供咨询服务，这些服务已被证明能高效提供支持。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词counseling services作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 9．考查连词。句意：记住，关爱心理健康不是软弱的表现，而是力量与自我认知的彰显。根据“not a sign of weakness”可知，此处应用固定搭配not…but…表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。 10．考查介词。句意：通过采纳和实践这些方法，我们能为自己装备宝贵工具，更成功地应对人生起伏。根据“equip ourselves”和“valuable tools”可知，此处应用固定短语equip sb. with sth.表示“为某人装备某物”。故填with。 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二下·安徽·阶段检测）“Do you remember why we proceeded with this study, Anirban?” my PhD supervisor asked. “What was the goal of these experiments?” I had painstakingly conducted 4 months of work, melting soil, extracting microbial genomic DNA, quantifying hydrocarbons, and washing endless piles of glassware. But faced with these seemingly straightforward questions, I was speechless. Amid the routine work and technical details, I had lost sight of how my work fitted in with the research hypothesis and the overall system we were investigating. This wasn’t the first time I had lost track of my research goals. In earlier endeavors, including my master’s degree and research internships, I had focused on running as many experiments, performing as many meta-analyses, and generating as many results as I could. I welcomed details and grew accustomed to getting lost in them. When I felt lost, I instead assumed my problem was lack of technical expertise. But my PhD supervisor’s comment helped me realize my detail-loving approach alone would no longer cut it. I realized that one solution might be as simple as slowing down a bit. I started taking periodic breaks from running experiments to reflect on the “so what” of the studies I was conducting. I also learned tremendously from two postdocs, who helped me balance top-down and bottom-up thinking by connecting experiment planning and data analysis with overall study objective. They helped me develop the habit of always asking ahead of time how a specific experiment or analysis would help answer the hypothesis. This led to more structured, focused thinking about subsequent steps. With time, I began to complement my love of details with an ability to evaluate the how and why of research tasks and the relevance of my work beyond the experiments, data, and analyses. I was still getting lost in the details, but I was now able to understand why. I have realized that big-picture thinking is one of the many adaptable, universal skills one can get from a PhD．And I’m happy my mentors (导师) and managers pushed me to develop it. 1．What used to be the author’s primary issue during the research? A．Lack of technical expertise. B．Losing sight of the research goals. C．Difficulty in extracting genomic DNA． D．Failing to answer the supervisor’s questions. 2．What’s the function of paragraph 2? A．To provide more examples. B．To state the author’s good work habits. C．To offer a solution to the author’s issue. D．To show the author’s educational background. 3．What strategy did the author use to approach his problem? A．Focusing on details more carefully. B．Increasing the number of experiments. C．Speeding up the experimental process. D．Taking breaks to engage in self-reflection. 4．What does the author want to tell us from his own experiences? A．Mentors are essential for providing technical expertise. B．Top-down thinking is better for research than bottom-up thinking. C．Big-picture thinking helps you stay focused on the overall objective. D．Self-reflection is important when you encounter setbacks in research. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章讲述了作者在研究中曾因迷失目标而苦恼，通过放慢节奏、反思研究意义和向导师学习，培养了宏观思考能力，最终实现了目标。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Amid the routine work and technical details, I had lost sight of how my work fitted in with the research hypothesis and the overall system we were investigating.(在日常工作和技术细节中，我忽略了我的工作如何与研究假设和我们正在调查的整体系统相吻合。)”以及第二段中的“This wasn’t the first time I had lost track of my research goals.(这不是我第一次失去对研究目标的追踪。)”可知，作者过去在研究中的主要问题是忽略了研究目标。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In earlier endeavors, including my master's degree and research internships, I had focused on running as many experiments, performing as many meta-analyses, and generating as many results as I could.(在之前的努力中，包括我的硕士学位和研究实习，我专注于进行尽可能多的实验，进行尽可能多的荟萃分析，并产生尽可能多的结果。)”可知，第二段是对第一段所提到的问题提供更多的例子来加以说明，进一步论证作者确实经常迷失在细节中而忽略研究目标。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I realized that one solution might be as simple as slowing down a bit. I started taking periodic breaks from running experiments to reflect on the ‘so what’ of the studies I was conducting.(我意识到，一个解决方案可能就是稍微放慢节奏。我开始定期暂停实验，停下来思考自己所做研究的实际意义。)”可知，作者通过定期休息来进行自我反思。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I have realized that big-picture thinking is one of the many adaptable, universal skills one can get from a PhD.(我已经意识到，大局观思维是从博士学位中可以获得的许多适应性强的、通用的技能之一。)”以及全文内容可知，作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们：大局观思维有助于你始终聚焦于整体目标，而不是迷失在细节中。 （25-26高二下·浙江衢州·期末）Working as a senior project manager in a highly competitive firm, I viewed every single minute as a valuable resource. To me, a supermarket checkout line was nothing but a frustrating block standing between me and my busy evening schedule. I would always scan the cashiers carefully, calculating which line would move the fastest. One Friday evening, exhausted and eager to get home, I rushed into the shortest line I could find. It wasn’t until I was blocked by other carts that I noticed the sign above: “Slow Checkout.” I sighed inwardly. I was trapped behind an elderly lady who was slowly counting out coins to pay for her groceries. Worse still, she was engaged in a detailed conversation with the young cashier about her grandson’s upcoming piano recital. I repeatedly checked my watch, my frustration mounting with each passing second. However, as I watched the scene unfold, my annoyance began to fade into guilt. The cashier wasn’t rushing her at all; instead, he maintained warm eye contact and listened attentively. For a brief moment, I saw the elderly woman’s face light up with genuine joy. It suddenly hit me. As we care too much about speed and maximum efficiency today, we often completely overlook the human element. For that elderly woman, this brief, slow interaction wasn’t a delay; it might have been the only meaningful conversation she had all day. My desperate need to save five minutes paled in comparison to her need for connection. When it was finally my turn, I didn’t rush to swipe my card and leave. Instead, I took a deep breath, smiled at the cashier, and asked how his day was going. Sometimes, slowing down doesn’t mean falling behind; it simply means taking the time to actually live. 1．What did the author mainly focus on when shopping in the past? A．Seeking the lowest prices. B．Enjoying friendly services. C．Observing others’ behavior. D．Finding the fastest line. 2．How did the author finally feel after witnessing the conversation? A．Stressed. B．Confused. C．Ashamed. D．Impatient 3．What can we infer about the elderly woman from the text? A．She simply lacked the money. B．She intentionally delayed other customers. C．She probably lived a lonely life. D．She actually knew the young cashier well. 4．What is the main message the author intends to convey? A．Proper time management is vital to success. B．Respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue. C．Supermarkets should improve checkout speed. D．Efficiency shouldn’t outweigh human connection. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】文章讲述了作者——一位忙碌的高级项目经理，在超市排队结账时因误入“慢速结账”通道，被迫等待一位老妇人慢慢数硬币并与收银员闲聊。起初作者焦躁不安，但随后意识到在这个追求效率的时代，我们往往忽视了人与人之间的情感联结。老妇人可能一整天都没有这样有意义的对话，而作者急于节省的五分钟与之相比显得微不足道。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I would always scan the cashiers carefully, calculating which line would move the fastest.(我总会仔细打量收银员，计算哪条队伍移动得最快)”可知，作者过去购物时主要关注的是找到最快的结账队伍。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, as I watched the scene unfold, my annoyance began to fade into guilt.(然而，当我看着这一幕展开时，我的恼怒渐渐变成了内疚)”可知，作者目睹了收银员耐心倾听老妇人聊天的场景后，最终感到内疚。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“For that elderly woman, this brief, slow interaction wasn't a delay; it might have been the only meaningful conversation she had all day.(对那位老妇人来说，这段短暂而缓慢的互动不是拖延；这可能是她一整天唯一有意义的对话)”可推知，老妇人可能过着孤独的生活，所以这段对话对她来说弥足珍贵。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As we care too much about speed and maximum efficiency today, we often completely overlook the human element.(当我们过于关注速度和最大效率时，我们常常完全忽视了人的因素)”以及最后一段“Sometimes, slowing down doesn't mean falling behind; it simply means taking the time to actually live.(有时候，放慢脚步并不意味着落后；它只是意味着花时间去真正生活)”可知，作者想要传达的主要信息是：效率不应该凌驾于人与人之间的情感联结之上。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $