UNIT 2 SUCCESS 培优提能练(二)（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

训练13　培优提能练(二) [分值：77.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Edward O．Wilson’s Letters to a Young Scientist is part of a memoir(回忆录) and part of an advice column for young scientists.During his long and highly successful career，Wilson has advised numerous doctoral students and helped them launch their careers.Along the way，he has developed a strong sense of what it takes to be successful in the field of science.He builds his book around a more fundamental and timeless career question: What makes a good scientist? As Wilson works toward an answer，he backs up his arguments with first-hand evidence.It is obvious that he deeply appreciates the creativity of the scientific process.In his first few chapters，he encourages readers to daydream，work hard and mess around.Wilson relates several examples of “messing around” in his own career.Some led to major discoveries while others led to nothing at all.However，quick and uncontrolled experiments open the potential for major discoveries. I find Wilson’s writings on the importance of failure especially affecting.Most young scientists are not prepared for the level and number of setbacks they are likely to come across in their early careers.As scientific funding has been cut and tenure-track(终身的) jobs have grown rare，today’s young scientists will be refused more than scientists of equal quality in the past century.“Be prepared mentally for some amount of failure.Waste and frustration often attend the earliest stages，” Wilson writes. Wilson also suggests，“A strong work virtue is absolutely essential.There must be an ability to pass long hours in study and research with pleasure even though some of the effort will unavoidably lead to dead ends.” The time that is seemingly wasted may later prove to have been well spent.Wilson insists that the process of exploring and gaining closeness with one’s studies—even the ones that don’t go as planned—is essential to the creative process of a scientist. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱德华·威尔逊在《给年轻科学家的信》一书中提出的一些观点和建议。 1．What is Letters to a Young Scientist mainly about? A．Wilson’s achievements. B．Records of Wilson’s private life. C．Practical suggestions for scientists. D．Methods for scientists’ finding desirable jobs. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Edward O．Wilson’s Letters to a Young Scientist is part of a memoir(回忆录) and part of an advice column for young scientists.”可知，《给年轻科学家的信》主要是关于给科学家的实用建议。故选C。 2．Why does Wilson value creative scientific experiments? A．They make it possible to achieve great success. B．They make it easy to get first-hand experience. C．They can lead to final findings rapidly. D．They can be controlled at will. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Some led to major discoveries while others led to nothing at all.However，quick and uncontrolled experiments open the potential for major discoveries.”可知，威尔逊重视创造性的科学实验，主要是因为这些实验可能有重大发现，即有可能实现巨大成功。故选A。 3．What’s the current situation of young scientists? A．They are more afraid of suffering failures. B．They may face even greater challenges at work. C．They are more knowledgeable and better educated. D．They can take advantage of more scientific resources. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“As scientific funding has been cut and tenure-track(终身的) jobs have grown rare，today’s young scientists will be refused more than scientists of equal quality in the past century.”可知，当代青年科学家在工作中可能面临更大的挑战。故选B。 4．What’s Wilson’s advice for young scientists? A．To avoid academic dead ends. B．To develop critical thinking. C．To stay positive patiently. D．To make a schedule. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Be prepared mentally for some amount of failure.”和最后一段的“A strong work virtue is absolutely essential.There must be an ability to pass long hours in study and research with pleasure...”可知，威尔逊对年轻科学家的建议是耐心地保持积极乐观的态度。故选C。 B Victor E．Frankl，the author of Man’s Search for Meaning，once wrote，“Everything can be taken from a person but one thing: the last of human freedoms—to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances.”Frankl was right.Attitude is a choice.You could be faced with a thousand problems，many or most over which you have absolutely no control.However，there is always one thing you are in complete and absolute control of and that is your own attitude. To be honest，it wasn’t until I was in my late 20s that I finally understood its full impact.All through my teens and into my early adult life，I can’t tell you the number of times that I heard，“Bob，if you’d just change your attitude，you would do a lot better.”At that time，I didn’t know what attitude was，let alone know how to change it! Attitude and results are inseparable.They follow one another as night follows day.One is the cause，while the other，the result.There is a term we use to distinguish this “cause and effect” relationship，which is called The Law of Cause and Effect.Simply stated，if you think in negative terms，you will get negative results; if you think in positive terms，you will achieve positive results.Some people always blame others or circumstances for their problems，while others take responsibility and make things happen.The latter are in control of their life and achieve success through their choices. You can experience that kind of life as well；you only need to decide.Dorothea Brande once said，“Act as if it were impossible to fail，” and I challenge you to do so.By simply becoming aware that you can choose your thoughts each and every day，you will change your entire outlook.You have the power to choose an abundant life，no matter what your circumstances are.Don’t wait to experience all the wonderful things the universe has in store for you.Start today by working on your attitude and welcome the abundant life that you are meant to lead. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就态度和结果展开讨论，说明成功始于积极的态度。 5．What’s the main idea of paragraph 1? A．Freedom is the last thing we can control. B．Most problems in life are in our control. C．A man can lose anything but freedom. D．We can choose our attitude at any time. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段的“Attitude is a choice.”以及“one thing you are in complete and absolute control of and that is your own attitude”可知，本段围绕“态度完全由我们自己控制”展开。故选D。 6．Why does the author use the example of himself in paragraph 2? A．To show attitude is important to the old. B．To prove attitude changes on its own. C．To show understanding attitude takes time. D．To prove the author was very stubborn. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段首句“To be honest，it wasn’t until I was in my late 20s that I finally understood its full impact.”和末句“At that time，I didn’t know what attitude was，let alone know how to change it！”可推知，作者在第二段通过自己的例子表明理解态度需要时间。故选C。 7．What does “The Law of Cause and Effect” help readers to do? A．Understand what causes a good attitude. B．Know the benefit of choosing active attitude. C．Analyze the effect of a negative attitude. D．Understand “cause and effect” relationship better. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“...called The Law of Cause and Effect.Simply stated...if you think in positive terms，you will achieve positive results.”可知，了解因果定律有助于读者了解选择积极态度的好处。故选B。 8．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Attitude Is Human Freedom B．Winning Is a Matter of Control C．Attitude and Results Are Separable D．Success Begins with Positive Attitude 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。根据最后一段的“By simply becoming aware that you can choose your thoughts each and every day，you will change your entire outlook...Start today by working on your attitude and welcome the abundant life that you are meant to lead.”以及文章内容可知，本文主要说明成功始于积极的态度。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Noise anxiety is a condition which is characterized by an extreme sensitivity(敏感) to noise.Someone with noise anxiety suffers a variety of stress and anxiety-related emotions when he or she is exposed to certain types of noises.Living with noise anxiety can be extremely annoying. 1 Some people are more sensible of noise anxiety than others.Women and those who do not enjoy being with other people easily suffer from depression or anxiety. 2 The condition can appear at any time，often in response to an increase of stress. A wide variety of noises can contribute to noise anxiety.Some common sources of noise anxiety include: chewing，voices，televisions and radios，appliances，and so on. 3 Others might become extremely angry. 4 For some people，wearing earplugs(耳塞) and noise-canceling headphones(降噪耳机) can help to lower the sounds which cause distress.For those with an anxiety disorder，it may be a good idea to seek other forms of treatment to help them to deal with noise anxiety. Distractions are also an important part of noise anxiety management. 5 Talking on the phone with your family or friends about positive topics can be more powerful than you realize and this is a great way to have back that mental strength you used to have. A．Treatment for noise anxiety is different. B．For some，noise anxiety mainly occurs at home. C．So it is important to treat it seriously and properly. D．They are more likely to develop general noise anxiety. E．Distractions provide you with an opportunity to calm down. F．For someone with an anxiety disorder，such noises may cause stress. G．Those sounds are created on purpose to upset or annoy the sufferer. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由噪声引起的焦虑问题以及解决措施。 1．答案　C 解析　上文列举了噪声焦虑带来的负面影响，故本句与上文构成因果关系，指出应该认真对待噪声焦虑。故选C。 2．答案　D 解析　上文提到了某一类人群更容易抑郁或焦虑，由此判断这类人更有可能患上一般性噪声焦虑症。故选D。 3．答案　F 解析　上文提到了噪声的来源，可知本句承接上文说明其影响：对于患有焦虑症的人来说，这样的噪声可能会造成压力。故选F。 4．答案　A 解析　根据空后内容可知，本段主要说明了不同的人，噪声焦虑症的治疗方式也存在不同。故选A。 5．答案　E 解析　根据上文内容可知，空处继续说明分心如何缓解噪声焦虑，E选项中的Distractions是词汇复现。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) After graduation，I decided to take the gym seriously.Accompanied by a friend，I 1 a routine of walking on the treadmill(跑步机)．I was 2 with our routine in the gym.My friend，however，became bored. One day，he suggested that we 3 an outdoor sport.I was an uncoordinated(动作不协调的) person，so I 4 his proposal. But several weeks later，he managed to 5 me to step onto an outdoor racquetball(美式壁球) court.When I hit the ball，I sent it flying in every direction except the direction that I had 6 .Still，somehow，I tried hard to learn it and became 7 after constantly practicing. “We’re not getting enough 8 on the treadmill.Why not play tennis to build up our body？” suggested my friend. “Tennis? I can’t play tennis! That 9 real skills！” I firmly resisted his new 10 . Nevertheless，weeks later，I started playing tennis.After several months of painful practice，one day，as the ball came flying towards me，my racket and the ball met in what tennis players 11 as the “sweet spot”．I had 12 learned how to play tennis properly! I learned an extremely valuable 13 from these experiences: I can do whatever I set my mind on.I just need to put in efforts，and the results will 14 .And I become quite 15 about trying new things and I’m always filled with a sense of excitement. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者尝试了几项新运动，并且练习得非常成功。作者由此明白他可以做他想做的任何事情，只要付诸努力，结果就会随之而来。 1．A.began B．changed C．quit D．delayed 答案　A 解析　begin开始；change改变；quit放弃；delay延迟。根据前文内容“I decided to take the gym seriously”，判断空处应为“开始”在跑步机上行走。故选A。 2．A.disappointed B．familiar C．satisfied D．careful 答案　C 解析　disappointed失望的；familiar熟悉的；satisfied满意的；careful小心的。提示词however表明前后句意呈转折关系，所以作者应是感到“满意的”，然而朋友却感觉无聊。故选C。 3．A.show off B．take up C．keep off D．set out 答案　B 解析　show off炫耀；take up开始，从事；keep off不接近；set out出发。结合空后的宾语“an outdoor sport”，可知此处表示“开始，参加”一项户外运动。故选B。 4．A.refused B．supported C．highlighted D．understood 答案　A 解析　refuse拒绝；support支持；highlight强调；understand理解。根据空前提示词“uncoordinated”并结合空后宾语“his proposal”可知refuse符合题意。故选A。 5．A.remind B．allow C．expect D．persuade 答案　D 解析　remind提醒；allow允许；expect期望；persuade说服。由前文可知，作者起初拒绝了朋友的户外活动的建议，提示词But表明前后句意呈转折关系，表示几周之后，朋友成功“说服”作者去该户外场地。故选D。 6．A.imagined B．intended C．agreed D．found 答案　B 解析　imagine想象；intend打算，想要；agree同意；find发现。根据空前提示词except可知，作者“想要”的方向和实际击球的方向形成对比。故选B。 7．A.considerate B．cautious C．mature D．skillful 答案　D 解析　considerate考虑周到的；cautious谨慎的；mature成熟的；skillful熟练的。根据并列连词and和空后内容“after constantly practicing”，可知作者经过持续练习后变“熟练”。故选D。 8．A.exercise B．entertainment C．movement D．experience 答案　A 解析　exercise锻炼；entertainment娱乐；movement移动；experience经历，经验。根据空后内容可知，朋友想要打网球来锻炼身体，所以认为在跑步机上并不能得到充分的“锻炼”。故选A。 9．A.occupies B．preserves C．improves D．involves 答案　D 解析　occupy占用；preserve保存；improve提升；involve涉及，包含。空格的主语That指代前文的“play tennis”，打网球“涉及”真正的技巧。故选D。 10．A.method B．chance C．attempt D．assistance 答案　C 解析　method方法；chance机会；attempt尝试，企图；assistance帮助。此处空格指代前文朋友建议通过打网球来强身健体，这是一种新的“尝试”。故选C。 11．A.refer to B．think out C．make up D．set down 答案　A 解析　refer to提及，指的是；think out仔细考虑；make up编造；set down放下。此处what引导宾语从句。refer to sth as...把某物称为……。球拍和球相遇的地方被网球运动员“称之为”最佳击球点。故选A。 12．A.occasionally B．formally C．eventually D．frequently 答案　C 解析　occasionally偶尔；formally正式地；eventually终于；frequently频繁地。由前文可知，作者在几个月的刻苦练习后，某天打出了完美的球，所以“最终”作者学会了如何正确打网球。故选C。 13．A.concept B．lesson C．theory D．standard 答案　B 解析　concept概念；lesson经验，教训；theory理论；standard标准。冒号后的内容“I can do whatever I set my mind on”是作者从这些经历中学到的“经验，教训”。故选B。 14．A.respond B．remain C．follow D．help 答案　C 解析　respond回应；remain保持；follow跟着；help帮助。根据并列词and和“I just need to put in efforts”可知，努力之后好的结果也会“随之而来”。故选C。 15．A.hesitant B．enthusiastic C．particular D．flexible 答案　B 解析　hesitant犹豫不决的；enthusiastic热情的；particular特别的；flexible灵活的。由前文可知，经过这几次锻炼，作者变得对新鲜事物保持“热情”，照应下文“经常激动”。故选B。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) At the end of May，events were held to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung.1. (compare) with physicists such as Marie Curie，Wu is not a household name in China，but she was one of the most important nuclear physicists of the 20th century，who changed human’s view of 2. universe. Wu was born on May 31,1912，in Taicang，3. the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea.Her father，Wu Zhongyi,4. (found) the first school for girls in Taicang in 1913.He aimed 5. (break) the old belief that it was women’s virtue to have no talents.The father,6. (absorb) the merits(长处) of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind，made a real impact 7. Wu Chien-shiung’s life. She spent most of her life in the US，but always wore qipao，a 8. (tradition) Chinese dress.Working in the scientific world dominated(主宰) by men，she never gave up or lowered her standards even if 9. (unequal) treated. During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist，Wu’s great 10. (achievement) won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”，“queen of nuclear research” and “first lady of physics”． 语篇解读　这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了核物理学家吴健雄的生平。 1．答案　Compared 解析　考查过去分词。分析句子可知，句中已有系动词is，动词compare应用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Wu与动词compare是动宾关系，用过去分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Compared。 2．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。世界上独一无二的事物(如universe)前，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 3．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Taicang，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 4．答案　founded 解析　考查时态。结合时间状语in 1913可知，谓语动词found用一般过去时。故填founded。 5．答案　to break 解析　考查不定式。aim to do sth旨在做某事。故填to break。 6．答案　absorbing 解析　考查现在分词。本句已有谓语动词made且无连词，动词absorb应用非谓语形式，逻辑主语The father与动词absorb是主谓关系，absorb应用现在分词形式作状语。故填absorbing。 7．答案　on 解析　考查介词。make an impact on sth对某事产生影响。故填on。 8．答案　traditional 解析　考查形容词。形容词traditional作定语，修饰名词短语Chinese dress。故填traditional。 9．答案　unequally 解析　考查副词。副词unequally作状语，修饰动词treated。故填unequally。 10．答案　achievements 解析　考查名词复数。此处表示不止一个成就，用可数名词achievement的复数形式表泛指，作主语。故填achievements。 Ⅴ.读后续写微练(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分) When I was six，I played my first soccer game.It was a real game，complete with coaches，uniforms，and parents cheering from the sidelines. Our two teams，Team One and Team Two，seemed pretty evenly matched，at least in the beginning.The first period ended without a single goal scored by either side.We were all still learning how to play the game properly，and our inexperience ran through this part.We stumbled over the ball，tripped over our own feet，and often completely missed our kicks.But what mattered most was that we were having fun，pure and simple. The second quarter brought a significant change in the game.Our coach decided to pull out most of our starting players and put in the substitutes(替补)，except for me—I was left guarding the goal.On the other side，Team Two’s coach decided to keep their best players on the field，which made things even more challenging for us.It seemed that winning suddenly became essential，even for us six-year-olds. Team Two started to rule the game，and I found myself surrounded by their players whenever they came near our goal.I was determined to do my best，but it was tough.I couldn’t match the skills of three or four other really good players.Team Two began to score，one goal after another.I threw myself in front of the ball with all the energy I could gather，trying desperately to stop them but in vain. The pressure was mounting，and I could feel my frustration building with every goal that slipped past me.I shouted，I ran，and I dove，but they kept scoring.I gave it everything I had，but it seemed useless. My parents were there on the sidelines，and I could see them in the crowd.As the game progressed，I could see the change in my father’s expression.He had been urging me to try harder，yelling advice and encouragement from the sidelines，but now he seemed different.I could see the pain in his eyes，the pain he felt seeing me struggle.It made me want to cry. 范文补全 Team Two scored their fourth goal，and then it was half-time break.I retrieved the ball from the net and handed it to the referee，feeling utterly helpless.1.Overwhelmed with despair，I dropped to my knees，tears of a broken-hearted child rolling down my cheeks(我感到绝望无助，跪倒在地上，像一个心碎的孩子一样泪流满面)．It was in that moment that my father made his way onto the field.2.When he picked me up and held me tightly，the whole world seemed to disappear for a moment(当他抱起我，紧紧地抱住我时，整个世界似乎在那一刻消失了)．He said in a gentle but firm voice，“Sweetie，it doesn’t matter how many times they scored on you.I’m proud of you.I want you to go back out there and finish the game.Go on now！” In that moment，what my father said meant the world to me.3.When I felt all alone and defeated，I knew that my dad stood by my side，loving and supporting me unconditionally(当我感到孤独和失落时，我知道我的爸爸站在我身边，无条件地爱着我并支持着我)．It made all the difference in the world—I could tell it did.Without hesitation,4.I wiped away my tears and ran back onto the field，ready to face whatever challenges lay ahead(我擦干眼泪，重新回到赛场上，准备面对接下来的挑战)．Surely，they did score two more times，but this time，it was different.5.With my dad’s words echoing in my heart(爸爸的话语在我内心回响着)，I knew that I could keep going，no matter what went on. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $