Unit 5 · What a Delicious Meal! 预习讲练2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit 5 · What a Delicious Meal! 预习讲练 （八上·暑假衔接） 学习目标 1. 掌握与食物和烹饪相关的核心词汇，如 pepper, mix, bake, oven, pour, boil, butter, smell, recipe, ingredient, instruction 等； 2. 正确运用感叹句（What 与 How 引导的感叹句）表达强烈情感； 3. 掌握顺序副词（First, Next, Then, After that, Finally）描述烹饪过程； 4. 区分可数名词与不可数名词，正确使用量词短语（a cup of, a piece of, a pair of 等）； 5. 能阅读与食物文化和烹饪记忆相关的短文，提取关键信息并完成相关练习； 6. 能用英语描述烹饪步骤，表达"食物连接人与人"的主题。 单元知识地图 Section A · Pre-reading & Task Conversation 1 (1b & 1c) — Making Mashed Potatoes Peter: Let's make some mashed potatoes for lunch. Teng Fei: Great idea! How do we make them? Peter: Well, first, get some potatoes and wash them. Teng Fei: OK. How many do we need? Peter: Six. Cut them into pieces. Teng Fei: OK. Done. Peter: Next, put the potatoes in the pot and boil them until they are soft. Teng Fei: Got it. Peter: Then, we need some milk and butter. Can you get them for me, please? Teng Fei: Sure. How much do we need? Peter: One tablespoon of butter and half a cup of milk ... Thanks. Now, let's start mashing the potatoes. Teng Fei: The potatoes are done. Peter: Now, add the milk and butter to the potatoes, and mix. Teng Fei: Like this? Peter: Great! Finally, add salt and pepper ... OK. We're done! Let's try them! Teng Fei: Mmm ... How delicious they taste! Conversation 2 (2a & 2c) — Stir-fried Eggs and Tomatoes Peter: Hey Teng Fei, can you teach me how to cook a popular Chinese dish? Teng Fei: Sure. How about stir-fried eggs and tomatoes? Peter: Great idea. How do we make it? Teng Fei: We need eggs, tomatoes, salt, and sugar. Peter: OK. How many tomatoes and eggs do we need? Teng Fei: Four tomatoes and three eggs. Peter: OK. What should we do with the tomatoes and eggs? Teng Fei: First, cut the tomatoes into small pieces. Next, mix the eggs in a bowl. Peter: Like this? Teng Fei: Perfect. Then, heat some oil in a pan and add the eggs to it. Stir-fry for one minute. Then take the eggs out of the pan. Peter: Got it. Teng Fei: Next, cook the tomatoes in the pan until they're soft. Then, add some salt and sugar. Peter: What an amazing smell! What's next? Teng Fei: Finally, put the eggs back into the pan and mix them with the tomatoes. Peter: Wow, it looks so good! How simple! Task 1: Information Extraction — Complete the tables. Table A: Mashed Potatoes (Conversation 1) Step Instruction 1 Get some potatoes and ________ them. 2 Cut them into ________. 3 Put the potatoes in a ________ and boil them until they are ________. 4 Get one ________ of butter and half a ________ of milk. 5 ________ the potatoes. 6 Add the milk and butter to the potatoes, and ________. 7 Finally, add ________ and ________. Table B: Stir-fried Eggs and Tomatoes (Conversation 2) Step Instruction Sequence Word 1 Cut the tomatoes into small ________. First 2 Mix the ________ in a bowl. Next 3 Heat some ________ in a pan and add the eggs. Stir-fry for ________ minute(s). Then take the eggs out. Then 4 Cook the ________ in the pan until they're soft. Add ________ and ________. Next / Then 5 Put the eggs back into the pan and ________ them with the tomatoes. Finally Task 2: Rewrite the sentences using exclamatory sentences.(用感叹句改写句子） 1.It's a pretty hat. (what) → ________________________________________________ 2.The weather is terrible. (how)→________________________________________________ 3.Emma sings very well. (how)→________________________________________________ Section A 核心词汇详解 【词汇1】cut up 切碎；剁碎 教材例句： Cut up the tomatoes. 把西红柿切碎。 核心搭配： · cut up sth / cut sth up 切碎某物 —— Please cut up the vegetables. 请把蔬菜切碎。 · cut...into pieces 把……切成块/片 —— Cut the potatoes into small pieces. 把土豆切成小块。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Cut them up. 把它们切碎。（代词放中间） ❌ Cut up them. （错误，代词不能放在短语最后） cut up 表示"切碎"；cut...into pieces 表示"把……切成若干块/片"，很多情况下两者可以互换，只是表达侧重点不同。 【典例】 (   ) —What should I do with the apples? —________ first. A. Cut them up   B. Cut up them   C. Cut it up   D. Cut up it 【答案】A   【解析】句意：——我该怎么处理这些苹果？——先把它们切碎。apples 为复数，代词用 them，且需放在 cut up 中间。B 选项语序错误。 【即练1】 (   ) Please ________ the carrots and put them in the bowl. A. pour   B. boil   C. cut up   D. mix 【即练2】 Here are some potatoes. Please ________ them ________ before cooking. 【词汇2】pour /pɔː(r)/ v. 倒；倾倒 教材例句： Pour the milk into the flour. 把牛奶倒入面粉中。 核心搭配： · pour...into... 将……倒入…… —— Pour the hot water into the cup. 把热水倒进杯子里。 · pour out 倒出；倾吐 —— She poured out her feelings in the letter. 她在信中倾吐了感情。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Pour the milk into the glass. 把牛奶倒进玻璃杯里。（介词用 into） ❌ Pour the milk to the glass. （错误，不能用 to） pour 常表示"倒、倾倒"，多用于液体，也可用于糖、面粉等细小颗粒。 【典例】 (   ) Next, ________ the milk shake ________ a glass and serve it cold. A. pour; into   B. add; to   C. mix; with   D. cut; into 【答案】A   【解析】句意：接下来，把奶昔倒进玻璃杯里，然后冷饮。pour...into... 为固定搭配，意为"把……倒入……"。 【即练1】 (   ) Don't ________ out the water. We still need it. A. make   B. mix   C. cut   D. pour 【即练2】 ________ the mixture ________ the pie crust and then bake it. (用 pour 的适当短语填空) 【词汇3】boil /bɔɪl/ v. 煮沸；烧开 教材例句： Boil the potatoes until they are soft. 把土豆煮到变软。 核心搭配： · boil water 烧水 —— Boil some water for tea. 烧点水泡茶。 · boil...until... 煮……直到…… —— Boil the eggs until they are hard. 把鸡蛋煮到变硬。 · boiling adj. 沸腾的 —— boiling water 正在沸腾的水 · boiled adj. 煮过的 —— boiled eggs 煮鸡蛋 ⚠ 易错提醒： “boiling”表液体正在沸腾的动态过程，“boiled”表已煮沸的完成状态。 ✅ Be careful with the boiling water. 小心沸腾的水。（正在滚烫的水） ❌ I drank boiling water just now. ✅ I drank boiled water just now.我刚才喝了凉白开（煮开过，放凉的水） ❌ The water is boiled now.（错误，水正在沸腾，应用boiling） ✅ The water is boiling now. 水正在沸腾 【典例】 (   ) ________ the potatoes until they are soft, then take them out. A. Bake   B. Mix   C. Boil   D. Fry 【答案】C   【解析】句意：把土豆煮到变软，然后取出来。boil...until soft 意为"煮到变软"，符合烹饪语境。 【即练1】 (   ) Be careful with the ________ water. Don't touch it! A. boiled   B. boiling   C. bake   D. mix 【即练2】 The soup is ________. Please turn off the stove. (用 boil 的适当形式填空) 【词汇4】mash /mæʃ/ v. 捣烂；捣碎 教材例句： Let's start mashing the potatoes. 我们开始捣土豆泥吧。 核心搭配： · mash the potatoes 捣土豆泥 —— Mash the potatoes until smooth. 把土豆捣成泥。 · mashed adj. 捣碎的 —— mashed potatoes 土豆泥 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ I'd like some mashed potatoes. 我想要一些土豆泥。（mashed 是形容词） ❌ I'd like some mash potatoes. （错误，形容词形式是 mashed） 动词 mash 加 -ed 可构成形容词，如 mashed potatoes；类似 steamed fish、roasted chicken。 【典例】 (   ) After you boil the potatoes, you need to ________ them. A. mash   B. cut   C. pour   D. bake 【答案】A   【解析】句意：煮完土豆之后，你需要把它们捣碎。mash 意为"捣烂"，符合制作土豆泥的步骤。 【即练1】 (   ) I'd like some ________ potatoes with my steak, please. A. mash   B. mashed   C. mashing   D. mashes 【即练2】 First, boil the potatoes. Then, ________ them and add some butter. (用 mash 填空) 【词汇5】mix /mɪks/ v. (使)混合；融合 n. 混合 教材例句： Mix the vegetables. 把蔬菜混合在一起。 核心搭配： · mix...with... 把……与……混合 —— Mix the oil with the flour. 把油和面粉混合。 · mix...into... 把……搅拌进…… —— Mix the eggs into the batter. 把鸡蛋搅进面糊里。 · mixture n. 混合物 —— Pour the mixture into the pan. 把混合物倒进锅里。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Mix the butter with the sugar. 把黄油和糖混合在一起。 ❌ Mix the butter and sugar together with. （错误，with 后缺少宾语） 名词形式是 mixture，不是 mixation。 【典例】 (   ) First, ________ the eggs and sugar together until light and fluffy. A. bake   B. boil   C. mix   D. pour 【答案】C   【解析】句意：首先，把鸡蛋和糖混合在一起，直到变得轻盈蓬松。mix...together 意为"把……混合在一起"。 【即练1】 (   ) The final step is to add the flour to the ________ and stir well. A. mixation   B. mix   C. mixture   D. mixing 【即练2】 Mix the butter and sugar until they become a smooth ________. (用 mix 的名词形式填空) 【词汇6】simple /ˈsɪmpl/ adj. 简单的 教材例句： Wow, it looks so good! How simple! 哇，看起来太棒了！真简单！ 核心搭配： · a simple dish 一道简单的菜 —— It's a simple dish to make. 这是一道很容易做的菜。 · simply adv. 简单地；仅仅 —— Simply follow the recipe. 只需照着食谱做。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ You can simply follow the steps. 你只需按照步骤做。（副词修饰动词） ❌ You can simple follow the steps. （错误，修饰动词需用副词 simply） 副词形式是 simply，不是 simplily。 【典例】 (   ) The dish looks difficult, but it's actually very ________. A. simple   B. simply   C. hard   D. hardly 【答案】A   【解析】句意：这道菜看起来很难，但其实非常简单。系动词 is 后接形容词 simple 作表语。 【即练1】 (   ) Don't worry. You can ________ follow the recipe. It's very easy. A. simple   B. simply   C. hard   D. hardly 【即练2】 The instructions are very ________. Even a child can follow them. (用 simple 填空) 【词汇7】pretty /ˈprɪti/ adj. 漂亮的 adv. 相当 教材例句：The flowers are pretty. 这些花非常漂亮。 核心搭配： · a pretty girl/flower 漂亮的女孩/花 —— She has a pretty smile. 她笑容很美。 · pretty + adj./adv. 相当…… —— The exam was pretty difficult. 考试相当难。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ What a pretty hat! 多漂亮的一顶帽子！（形容词） ✅ The exam was pretty difficult. 考试相当难。（副词 = quite） pretty 作副词表示"相当、颇"，后接形容词或副词原级，如 pretty good、pretty difficult。 【典例】 (   ) —What do you think of the hat? —It's ________. I like it very much. A. pretty   B. pretty much   C. ugly   D. terrible 【答案】A   【解析】句意：——你觉得这顶帽子怎么样？——很漂亮，我非常喜欢。pretty 作形容词，意为"漂亮的"，符合语境。 【即练1】 (   ) The exam was ________ difficult, but I think I did well. A. much   B. very much   C. pretty much   D. pretty 【即练2】 What a ________ dress! You look beautiful in it. (用 pretty 填空) 【词汇8】do with 处理；对付 教材例句： What should we do with the tomatoes and eggs? 我们该怎么处理这些西红柿和鸡蛋？ 核心搭配： · what to do with sth 如何处理某事 —— I don't know what to do with these old books. 我不知道怎么处理这些旧书。 · how to deal with sth 如何处理某事 —— Can you tell me how to deal with this problem? 你能告诉我怎么处理这个问题吗？ ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ What should I do with the problem? 我该怎么处理这个问题？（do with 与 what 搭配） ❌ How should I do with the problem? （错误，do with 不能与 how 搭配） ✅ How should I deal with the problem? （deal with 与 how 搭配） 【典例】 (   ) —I don't know ________ these old books. —You can give them to the library. A. what to do with   B. how to do with   C. what to deal with   D. how to deal 【答案】A   【解析】句意：——我不知道怎么处理这些旧书。——你可以把它们送给图书馆。what to do with sth 为正确结构，B/C/D 搭配均有误。 【即练1】 (   ) Can you tell me ________ this problem? It's really hard. A. how to do with   B. how to deal with   C. what to deal with   D. what to do with 【即练2】 What should I ________ ________ all these vegetables? (用 do 的适当短语填空) Section B · Pre-reading & Task Food for Thought "Cooking is love made visible." That is what my grandmother always told me. Thanks to her, I love cooking. It's a great way for me to share my love with others. Every time I sit at the table, after cooking for my family, we create memories. The smells and the food's taste, along with our conversations, connect us to each other. What wonderful memories I have! One of my favourite memories is my grandmother's pumpkin pie. She always made it in autumn, when the weather got colder. Her friendly kitchen was the perfect place to warm up and enjoy a taste of the changing seasons. I still remember the days when the smell of cinnamon filled the room with sweetness. Now, every time I smell cinnamon, I think of my grandmother's pumpkin pie. My grandmother told me about her first pumpkin pie. When she was a college student in the US, she stayed with a host family. One year around Thanksgiving, the hostess taught her how to make a pumpkin pie. Many years later, she taught me how to make it too. Pumpkin Pie Recipe Ingredients: eggs, sugar, cinnamon, salt, pumpkin, cream, pie crust Instructions: First, mix the eggs. Then, add the sugar, cinnamon, salt, pumpkin, and cream. Next, pour the mixture into the pie crust. After that, place the pie in the oven and cook for 40-50 minutes. Finally, let the pie cool for at least an hour before serving. Task 3: True or False (T for True, F for False) (   ) 1. The grandmother believed "cooking is love made visible." (   ) 2. She made pumpkin pie in summer. (   ) 3. She learned to make it from her college roommate. (   ) 4. The smell of cinnamon reminds the writer of the pie. (   ) 5. Let the pie cool for at least an hour before serving. Task 4: Read and answer the questions. 1. Why does the writer love cooking? ________ 2. What was special about the grandmother's kitchen? ________ 3. Where did the grandmother learn to make pumpkin pie? ________ 4. When did she usually make it? ________ 5. What kind of person do you think the grandmother is? ________ Section B 核心词汇详解 【词汇9】smell /smel/ n. 气味 v. 闻 link.v. 闻起来 教材例句： What an amazing smell! 多么美妙的气味啊！ / Every time I smell cinnamon... 每当我闻到肉桂…… 核心搭配： · the smell of... ……的气味 —— The smell of fresh bread filled the kitchen. 新鲜面包的气味弥漫了厨房。 · smell + adj. 闻起来…… —— The soup smells delicious. 汤闻起来很香。 · smell sth 闻某物 —— Smell this flower. Isn't it sweet? 闻闻这朵花，是不是很香？ ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ The cake smells delicious. 蛋糕闻起来很香。（系动词 + 形容词） ❌ The cake smells deliciously. （错误，系动词后不能接副词） smell 作系动词时，后接形容词，不接副词。同类系动词：taste, look, sound, feel。 【典例】 (   ) The cake ________ wonderful. Can I try a piece? A. tastes   B. sounds   C. smells   D. feels 【答案】C   【解析】句意：蛋糕闻起来好香。我能尝一块吗？根据语境，还未品尝，先闻到气味，用 smell。系动词后接形容词 wonderful。 【即练1】 (   ) The soup smells ________. I'm sure it will taste great! A. deliciously   B. well   C. delicious   D. badly 【即练2】 The ________ of fresh bread always makes me hungry. (用 smell 填空) 【词汇10】instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 用法说明；操作指南（常用复数 instructions） 教材例句： Listen again and number the instructions. 再听一遍，给操作说明编号。 核心搭配： · follow the instructions 按照说明 —— Follow the instructions on the box. 按照盒子上的说明操作。 · cooking instructions 烹饪说明 —— The cooking instructions are very clear. 烹饪说明非常清楚。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Read the instructions carefully. 仔细阅读说明书。（表示说明书、操作说明时通常用复数） ❌ Read the instruction carefully. （错误，表示说明书时常用复数 instructions） 辨析：instruction 操作步骤；direction 方向/指引；introduction 介绍。 【典例】 (   ) Please read the ________ on the box before you take the medicine. A. ingredients   B. recipes   C. instructions   D. introductions 【答案】C   【解析】句意：服药前请阅读盒子上的说明书。instructions 指药品/产品的使用说明。ingredients 食材/成分，recipes 食谱，introductions 介绍，均不符合语境。 【即练1】 (   ) The cooking ________ are written clearly on the back of the package. A. ingredients   B. recipes   C. menus   D. instructions 【即练2】 Follow the ________ carefully, and you will make a perfect pie. (用 instruction 的适当形式填空) 【词汇11】slice /slaɪs/ n. 薄片 v. 把……切成薄片 教材例句： a slice of bread 一片面包 核心搭配： · a slice of bread/pizza 一片面包/披萨 —— I'd like a slice of pizza. 我想要一片披萨。 · slice the tomato 把番茄切片 —— Slice the cucumber thinly. 把黄瓜切成薄片。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ a slice of bread 一片面包（薄片，强调形状） ❌ a slice bread （错误，缺少 of） ✅ a piece of cake 一块蛋糕（通用"块"，不强调形状） slice 作名词强调"薄片"；piece 是通用量词，适用范围更广。 【典例】 (   ) I'd like a ________ of bread with butter, please. A. piece   B. slice   C. loaf   D. bag 【答案】B   【解析】句意：请给我一片涂黄油的面包。a slice of bread 是固定搭配，指一片（薄片）面包。loaf 指一整条面包，bag 指一袋。 【即练1】 (   ) Could you ________ the tomato into thin pieces for the salad? A. pour   B. boil   C. slice   D. mix 【即练2】 He ate three ________ of pizza for lunch. (用 slice 的适当形式填空) 【词汇12】separate /ˈseprət/ adj. 单独的；分开的 /ˈsepəreɪt/ v. 使分离 教材例句： She kept the ingredients separate. 她把食材分开存放。 核心搭配： · keep...separate 把……分开 —— Keep raw meat separate from vegetables. 把生肉和蔬菜分开放。 · separate A from B 把A和B分开 —— The teacher separated the boys from the girls. 老师把男孩和女孩分开。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Keep them separate. 把它们分开放。（形容词，读音 /ˈseprət/） ❌ Keep them separately. （错误，keep + 宾语 + 形容词，不用副词） ✅ Separate the eggs from the yolks. 把蛋白和蛋黄分开。（动词，读音 /ˈsepəreɪt/） 形容词和动词拼写相同，但发音不同。 【典例】 (   ) The cook kept the ingredients ________ so they wouldn't get cold. A. separate   B. separately   C. mix   D. together 【答案】A   【解析】句意：厨师把食材分开存放，这样它们就不会变冷。keep... + adj. 表示"使……处于某种状态"，用形容词 separate。 【即练1】 (   ) The teacher asked us to ________ into groups of four. A. mix   B. put   C. cut   D. separate 【即练2】 Please keep the raw meat ________ from the vegetables. (用 separate 的适当形式填空) 【词汇13】born /bɔːn/ v. 出生 adj. 天生（有某方面才能）的 教材例句： The Guoqiao Rice Noodles was born! 过桥米线就这样诞生了！ 核心搭配： · be born 出生 —— I was born in 2010. 我出生于2010年。 · be born + adj. 天生…… —— He was born blind. 他天生失明。 · a born leader/artist 天生的领导者/艺术家 —— Mozart was a born musician. 莫扎特是天生的音乐家。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ I was born in Shanghai. 我出生在上海。（born 前必须有 be 动词） ❌ I born in Shanghai. （错误，born 不能单独作谓语） 教材特殊用法：The dish was born! 这道菜诞生了！（拟人修辞） 【典例】 (   ) —Where were you ________? —In a small town in Yunnan. A. born   B. live   C. come   D. go 【答案】A   【解析】句意：——你在哪里出生？——在云南的一个小镇。be born 表示"出生"，固定搭配，主语 + was/were + born。 【即练1】 (   ) The idea for this dish ________ from a loving wife many years ago. A. born   B. was born   C. is born   D. borned 【即练2】 Mozart was a ________ musician. He started composing at the age of five. (用 born 填空) 【词汇14】university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. (综合性)大学＆college/ˈkɒlɪdʒ/ n. 学院；大学 教材例句： When she was a college student in the US... 当她还是美国的一名大学生时…… 核心搭配： · go to university/college 上大学 —— She wants to go to university. 她想上大学。 · at university/college 在大学 —— We were at college together. 我们一起上的大学。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ go to university 上大学（英式，不加 the） ❌ go to the university （特指"去那所大学"，不表示"上大学"） ✅ go to college 上大学（美式，不加 the） 辨析：university 综合性大学；college 学院/专科学校，也可泛指大学阶段。 【典例】 (   ) After high school, she wants to go to ________ to study medicine. A. university   B. college   C. the university   D. A and B 【答案】D   【解析】句意：高中毕业后，她想上大学学医。go to university 和 go to college 均可表示"上大学"。 【即练1】 (   ) In the UK, students usually go to ________ at the age of 18. A. the university   B. university   C. a university   D. universities 【即练2】 My brother is a ________ student. He studies engineering at Tsinghua ________. (用 college/university 填空) 语法突破 【语法1】感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences） 感叹句用来表达强烈的感情，如惊讶、喜悦、赞美等。本单元主要学习 What 和 How 引导的两种感叹句。 结构1：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)! 用于对单数可数名词进行感叹。注意：名词前必须有 a/an。 例：What an amazing smell (it is)! 多么美妙的气味啊！     What a lovely cake (it is)! 多么可爱的蛋糕啊！     What a clever boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！ 结构2：What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 用于对复数名词或不可数名词进行感叹。注意：名词前不加 a/an。 例：What wonderful memories I have! 我拥有多么美好的回忆啊！（复数）     What delicious bread (it is)! 多么美味的面包啊！（不可数）     What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！（复数） 结构3：How + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 用于对形容词或副词进行感叹。注意：How 后面直接跟形容词或副词，不跟名词。 例：How delicious the dish looks! 这道菜看起来多么美味啊！（形容词）     How well Emma sings! Emma 唱得多么好啊！（副词）     How simple it is! 真简单啊！（形容词） ⚠ 易错总结： ✅ What an amazing smell! （What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词） ❌ How amazing smell! （How 后面不直接接名词） ✅ How delicious it tastes! （How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语） ❌ What delicious it tastes! （What 后需接名词短语） 记忆要点：What 后接名词（可带形容词），How 后接形容词或副词。 【典例】 (   ) ________ clever boy he is! He solved the problem in just two minutes. A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a 【答案】C   【解析】句意：他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！他只用两分钟就解决了问题。clever boy 是可数名词单数，用 What a 引导感叹句。 【即练1】 (   ) ________ delicious the soup smells! I can't wait to try it. A. What   B. What a   C. How   D. How a 【即练2】 (   ) ________ beautiful flowers they are! A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a 【即练3】 (   ) ________ well Emma sings! She has a great voice. A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a 【语法2-1】可数名词与不可数名词 英语名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类，区分清楚才能正确使用 how many / how much 以及量词短语。 一、可数名词：能直接用数字计数，有单数和复数形式。 规则变化：一般加 -s (apple → apples)；以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es (box → boxes)；以"辅音字母+y"结尾变 y 为 i 加 -es (baby → babies)。 以 -o 结尾的名词变复数没有统一规则，应结合常见单词记忆：tomato → tomatoes（加 -es），potato → potatoes（加 -es），但 photo → photos（直接加 -s）。 不规则变化：常见需要记忆的：man → men, woman → women, child → children, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, fish → fish/fishes（表示种类时）, sheep → sheep（单复数同形）。 本单元常见可数名词：tomato, egg, potato, onion, apple, banana, vegetable。 二、不可数名词：不能直接用数字计数，没有复数形式，不能用 a/an 直接修饰。 本单元常见不可数名词：milk, butter, salt, pepper, sugar, flour, bread, rice, meat, water, oil, cheese。 三、特别注意：有些词在不同语境下可数/不可数会变化。如：fish 指"鱼肉"不可数，指"鱼的种类/条数"可数；chicken 指"鸡肉"不可数，指"小鸡"可数。 ⚠ 易错总结： ✅ How many tomatoes do we need? （tomato 复数为 tomatoes） ❌ How many tomatos do we need? （以 o 结尾且有生命，加 -es） ✅ There are two sheep on the farm. （sheep 单复数同形） ❌ There are two sheeps on the farm. （错误，sheep 无复数变形） ✅ I'd like two potatoes and some salt. （potato 可数加 -es，salt 不可数） 【典例】 (   ) I need two ________ and some ________ for the soup. A. tomato; salt   B. tomatoes; salt   C. tomato; salts   D. tomatoes; salts 【答案】B   【解析】句意：我需要两个番茄和一些盐做汤。tomato 可数，two 后加复数 tomatoes；salt 不可数，不加 s。 【即练】 Correct the mistake（改错）: "I'd like two potato and some butters." → ________________ 【语法2-2】量词短语 不可数名词和可数名词都可以用量词短语来表达具体的数量。 一、常用量词短语： a cup of tea 一杯茶 | a glass of water 一杯水 | a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 | a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 | a plate of spaghetti 一盘意大利面 | a bag of flour 一袋面粉 | a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖 | a tablespoon of butter 一汤匙黄油 | a slice of bread 一片面包 | a piece of cake 一块蛋糕 二、成对/成双表达： a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子 | a pair of gloves 一副手套 | a pair of shoes 一双鞋。注意：a pair of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如 This pair of shoes is new. 三、介词后接名词复数： in pieces 成碎片 | in slices 切片 | in pairs 成对。 例：Cut the potatoes into pieces. 把土豆切成块。Serve the cheese in slices. 奶酪切片上桌。 ⚠ 易错总结： ✅ I need two cups of coffee. （量词 cup 变复数） ❌ I need two cup of coffee. （量词需与数词一致） ✅ Cut the apples into pieces. （介词 into 后常用复数名词） 【典例】 (   ) I'd like a ________ of bread and a ________ of milk, please. A. slice; bottle   B. piece; bag   C. loaf; cup   D. bag; piece 【答案】A   【解析】句意：我想要一片面包和一瓶牛奶。a slice of bread 和 a bottle of milk 为常见量词搭配。 【即练1】Complete: We need three ________ (bottle) of water and two ________ (pair) of chopsticks. 【即练2】Rewrite（改写）: Cut the potatoes. Make them into pieces. → Cut the potatoes ________ ________. 单元过关测试 一、单项选择（共10小题） (   ) 1. —What ingredients do we need for the mashed potatoes? —We need potatoes, butter, milk, ________, and pepper.    A. salt   B. salts   C. sugars   D. cheeses (   ) 2. ________ delicious stir-fried eggs and tomatoes! I'd like to have another bowl of rice.    A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a (   ) 3. First, ________ the tomatoes thinly before adding them to the salad bowl.    A. pour   B. boil   C. mix   D. slice (   ) 4. —How ________ butter do we need to make the cake? —One tablespoon is enough.    A. many   B. much   C. long   D. often (   ) 5. We need to prepare two ________ of water before we start cooking the soup.    A. pieces   B. bowls   C. bottles   D. bottle (   ) 6. The ________ of freshly baked bread always reminds me of the happy mornings in my grandmother's kitchen.    A. taste   B. sound   C. smell   D. look (   ) 7. Please ________ the milk ________ the flour slowly while stirring with a spoon.    A. mix...with...   B. pour...into...   C. add...to...   D. cut up (   ) 8. —Could you tell me the ________ for this traditional Chinese dish? —Sure. First, wash the vegetables and cut them into small pieces.    A. ingredient   B. recipe   C. ingredients   D. menu (   ) 9. Please keep the raw meat ________ from the vegetables so that they don't affect each other.    A. together   B. warm   C. separate   D. fresh (   ) 10. ________ the pie cool for at least an hour before serving it to your guests.    A. Let   B. Make   C. Keep   D. Put 二、根据首字母或中文提示填空（共5小题） 11. Please p________ the orange juice into the glass before the guests arrive. 12. Mum is baking a chocolate cake in the o________, and the whole kitchen smells wonderful. 13. In autumn, my grandmother always bakes a traditional ________（南瓜）pie for the whole family to enjoy. 14. Before you start cooking any new dish, read the r________ carefully and prepare all the ingredients. 15. The i________ for this simple dish include eggs, tomatoes, salt, and a little sugar. 三、阅读理解（共10小题） A篇 Every country has its own special food, and some dishes have become famous all around the world. What makes these dishes so popular? Let's take a closer look at three of them and discover the stories behind their success. Sushi (Japan) — Sushi is one of the most famous Japanese dishes, enjoyed by people in almost every corner of the world. It is made with specially prepared rice and fresh fish or vegetables. The rice is mixed with a kind of vinegar, and then it is shaped by hand with the toppings placed on top. Sushi started as a simple way to keep fish fresh hundreds of years ago. People used fermented rice to store fish, and later they began to eat the rice together with the fish. Over time, sushi developed from a practical method of food preservation into an art form. Today, sushi chefs train for many years to perfect their skills, and sushi restaurants can be found everywhere, from street markets to five-star hotels. Pizza (Italy) — Pizza is one of the most popular fast foods on the planet, but it actually has a long and interesting history. It started in Naples, Italy, over 300 years ago as a simple flatbread with tomato sauce and cheese. At that time, it was mainly eaten by poor people who needed an inexpensive and filling meal. However, when Italians began moving to America in the late 19th century, they brought pizza with them, and it quickly won the hearts of Americans. Today, people eat about 5 billion pizzas every year around the world! Different cities and countries have developed their own special pizza styles—New York is famous for its thin, crispy slices, while Chicago loves its deep-dish version. Mapo Tofu (China) — Mapo tofu is a famous dish from Sichuan province in China, known for its spicy, numbing flavour. It is made with soft tofu, minced pork or beef, and a rich sauce full of chilli and Sichuan peppercorns. The dish has a history of over 150 years and was created by a woman nicknamed "Mapo"—which means "pockmarked old woman"—who ran a small restaurant in Chengdu. Her cooking was so good that her restaurant became famous throughout the city, and the dish was named after her. Today, mapo tofu is not only loved across China but is also served in Chinese restaurants around the world, bringing the bold flavours of Sichuan cuisine to people everywhere. These three dishes show that food is about much more than simply filling our stomachs. Behind every famous dish, there are stories of history, culture, and the love that people put into their cooking. (   ) 1. What is sushi made with, according to the passage? A. Specially prepared rice and fresh fish or vegetables. B. Bread and cheese. C. Noodles and meat. D. Tofu and spicy sauce. (   ) 2. Where did pizza first become popular as a simple flatbread with tomato sauce and cheese? A. New York. B. Chicago. C. Naples, Italy. D. Japan. (   ) 3. Who created mapo tofu, a dish that is still enjoyed more than 150 years later? A. An Italian chef. B. A woman nicknamed "Mapo" in Chengdu. C. An American cook. D. A Japanese sushi master. (   ) 4. Why did sushi first become popular hundreds of years ago, before it turned into an art form? A. Because it was cheap and easy to cook at home. B. Because it looked beautiful and colourful on the plate. C. Because it helped people keep fish fresh for a longer time. D. Because it was introduced by Italian travellers. (   ) 5. What is the main message that the writer wants to share through this passage? A. Sushi is the healthiest food among the three dishes mentioned. B. Food is not just for eating—it carries history, culture, and the love of those who make it. C. Pizza is a better and more popular choice than sushi or mapo tofu. D. Mapo tofu is too spicy for most people outside of China to enjoy. B篇 In many countries around the world, students bring their own lunch to school. Although this may seem like a small daily habit, these lunch boxes can actually tell us a lot about different food cultures, family traditions, and the love that parents put into preparing meals for their children. In Japan, many students bring a bento box to school. A bento is not simply a box of food—it is often a carefully arranged meal that looks as good as it tastes. A typical bento contains rice, fish or meat, and a variety of vegetables. All the food is cut into small pieces so that it is easy to eat with chopsticks. Many Japanese mothers spend a lot of time making the bento look beautiful, arranging the food into lovely shapes like flowers, stars, or even cartoon characters. They believe that a beautiful lunch will make their children feel happy and loved during the school day. In Italy, students might bring pasta with tomato sauce and a piece of cheese for lunch. Sometimes they also have a small sandwich made with fresh bread or a slice of pizza left over from the night before. Fresh fruit, such as an apple or a pear, is often included as a healthy snack. Italian families care deeply about food quality, so lunch boxes are usually filled with fresh, simple ingredients rather than processed food. In Mexico, a typical school lunch box may include beans, rice, and slices of fresh fruit such as mango or watermelon. Some students also bring a bottle of water or fruit juice to drink. In certain areas, a warm tortilla filled with cheese or meat is a common and filling lunch choice. Mexican lunches often reflect the country's rich farming traditions, with plenty of fresh produce straight from local markets. Although the food itself is very different from country to country, one thing is the same everywhere: a lunch made with care is a powerful way for families to show their love. No matter whether it is a bento, a bowl of pasta, or a warm tortilla, the most important ingredient in any lunch box is the love that goes into making it. (   ) 6. What do Japanese students often bring to school for lunch, according to the passage? A. A carefully arranged bento box. B. Pizza. C. Pasta. D. Tacos. (   ) 7. In a Japanese bento, how is the food usually prepared to make it easy to eat and beautiful to look at? A. It is left in large pieces to keep its natural shape. B. It is cut into small pieces and often arranged into lovely shapes. C. It is all mixed together into one single dish. D. It is mostly the same colour to make the box look neat. (   ) 8. What might an Italian student have for lunch, based on the information in the passage? A. Rice and fish. B. Beans and fruit. C. Noodles with soup. D. Pasta with tomato sauce and cheese, sometimes with fresh fruit. (   ) 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage about school lunches? A. Mexican students sometimes bring slices of fresh fruit such as mango. B. Some students bring a bottle of water or juice to drink. C. American students often bring hamburgers and fried chicken for lunch. D. A Japanese bento usually contains rice, fish or meat, and vegetables. (   ) 10. Why does the writer introduce lunch boxes from different countries in this passage? A. To compare school rules in different parts of the world. B. To show that different food cultures all reflect the love families put into meals. C. To teach students how to cook a proper bento box by themselves. D. To tell students that they should all bring lunch to school every day. 四、完形填空（共10小题） Last Sunday, I decided to cook dinner for my parents for the first time. I wanted to make stirfried eggs and tomatoes because I thought it was 1.______ enough for a beginner like me. I had watched my mother make it countless times, and I felt quite confident that I could do it on my own. First, I washed two large tomatoes and carefully cut them into small 2.______. The pieces were not perfectly even, but I was happy with my effort. Then, I took three fresh eggs from the fridge and 3.______ them in a bowl with a pair of chopsticks until they became smooth and a little frothy. After that, I heated some oil in the pan over medium heat. When I saw tiny smoke rising from the oil, I carefully 4.______ the egg mixture into the pan. The eggs cooked almost immediately, puffing up and turning golden. I stirred them quickly with a spatula and then took them out onto a clean plate. Next, I added a little more oil to the pan and cooked the tomato pieces. I remembered my mother's advice: "Cook them until they become soft and release their juice." As the tomatoes softened, I added a pinch of salt and a small spoon of sugar. Then suddenly, I remembered something terrible—I had completely forgotten to season the eggs with salt! I was a little 5.______ at that moment, but I told myself it was too late to change anything and kept going. Finally, I returned the eggs to the pan and mixed everything together. When my parents came home and sat at the dinner table, I served the dish with rice. They took their first bite, and then a big smile spread across both of their faces. "6.______ a special meal!" my mother said with surprise in her voice. "This is your very first dish, and it tastes absolutely wonderful." My father nodded and added, "We are so 7.______ of you for trying something new." I felt a warm sense of happiness spread through my heart. Cooking, I realised that evening, is not just about following a 8.______ step by step. It takes practice, patience, and most importantly, it is a meaningful way to show 9.______ to the people you care about. Now I truly understand what my mother means when she says, "The kitchen is the 10.______ of our home, where love is made into something you can taste." (   ) 1. A. hard   B. boring   C. new   D. simple (   ) 2. A. pieces   B. bowls   C. spoons   D. plates (   ) 3. A. mixed   B. cut   C. poured   D. boiled (   ) 4. A. heated   B. poured   C. turned   D. put (   ) 5. A. excited   B. nervous   C. angry   D. bored (   ) 6. A. What   B. How   C. What a   D. How a (   ) 7. A. tired   B. afraid   C. careful   D. proud (   ) 8. A. recipe   B. instruction   C. menu   D. letter (   ) 9. A. money   B. time   C. love   D. food (   ) 10. A. corner   B. heart   C. door   D. window 五、写作 以"My Favourite Dish"为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍你最喜欢的一道菜。 一、【写作支架】 思维导图： What is your favourite dish? ↓ What ingredients do you need? ↓ How do you make it? (Use sequence words!【顺序词】) ↓ Who usually makes it for you? （或你第一次学会做这道菜的经历） ↓ Why is it special to you? 二、句型库 · My favourite dish is... 我最喜欢的菜是…… · Here's how to make it. 以下是制作方法。 · First... Next... Then... After that... Finally... 首先……接下来……然后……在那之后……最后…… · What a delicious dish it is! 多么美味的一道菜啊！ · How wonderful it tastes! 它尝起来多么美妙啊！ · Every time I eat it, I think of... 每次吃到它，我就想起…… · It reminds me of... 它让我想起…… · Cooking is a way to show love. 烹饪是一种表达爱的方式。 三、可用词汇 delicious, favourite, ingredient, recipe, instruction, mix, pour, boil, bake, cut up, add...to..., smell, taste, wonderful, amazing, love, memory, share...with..., simple, special 内容提示： 1. 介绍你最喜欢的一道菜及其所需食材； 2. 用顺序副词（First, Next, Then, Finally）描述制作步骤； 3. 说明谁常为你做这道菜（或你第一次学会做这道菜的经历）； 4. 使用至少两处感叹句表达你对这道菜的喜爱； 5. 说明这道菜为什么对你有特别的意义。 要求： 1. 使用一般现在时； 2. 至少使用本单元学过的八个词汇或短语； 3. 至少使用两处感叹句（What/How 引导）； 4. 使用顺序副词描述烹饪步骤； 5. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 本单元完整教材词汇表 （一）烹饪动作 词汇 音标 词性 释义 cut up —— —— 切碎 mix /mɪks/ v./n. 混合 bake /beɪk/ v. 烘焙 pour /pɔː(r)/ v. 倒 boil /bɔɪl/ v. 煮沸 mash /mæʃ/ v. 捣烂 stir-fry /ˈstɜːfraɪ/ v. 翻炒 heat /hiːt/ v./n. 加热 add /æd/ v. 添加 slice /slaɪs/ v./n. 切片 （二）食材与调料 词汇 音标 词性 释义 pepper /ˈpepə(r)/ n. 胡椒粉；菜椒 butter /ˈbʌtə(r)/ n. 黄油 cheese /tʃiːz/ n. 奶酪 flour /ˈflaʊə(r)/ n. 面粉 cinnamon /ˈsɪnəmən/ n. 肉桂 pumpkin /ˈpʌmpkɪn/ n. 南瓜 cream /kriːm/ n. 奶油 onion /ˈʌnjən/ n. 洋葱 garlic /ˈɡɑːlɪk/ n. 大蒜 yogurt /ˈjɒɡət/ n. 酸奶 spaghetti /spəˈɡeti/ n. 意大利面 （三）厨房用具与量词 词汇 音标 词性 释义 oven /ˈʌvn/ n. 烤箱 pan /pæn/ n. 平底锅 bowl /bəʊl/ n. 碗 plate /pleɪt/ n. 盘子 spoon /spuːn/ n. 匙 tablespoon /ˈteɪblspuːn/ n. 汤匙 glass /ɡlɑːs/ n. 玻璃杯 bottle /ˈbɒtl/ n. 瓶子 bag /bæɡ/ n. 袋 （四）其他名词 词汇 音标 词性 释义 smell /smel/ n./v. 气味；闻 pie /paɪ/ n. 馅饼 recipe /ˈresəpi/ n. 食谱 ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n. 食材 instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ n.(pl.) 操作说明 Thanksgiving /ˌθæŋksˈɡɪvɪŋ/ n. 感恩节 hostess /ˈhəʊstəs/ n. 女主人 （五）常用短语 短语 释义 cut up 切碎 pour...into... 倒入 mix...with... 与……混合 add...to... 添加到 a cup of 一杯 a slice of 一片 a piece of 一块 a pair of 一双/一对 — 原卷版 · 完 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 · What a Delicious Meal! 预习讲练（解析版） 学习目标 1. 掌握与食物和烹饪相关的核心词汇，如 pepper, mix, bake, oven, pour, boil, butter, smell, recipe, ingredient, instruction 等； 2. 正确运用感叹句（What 与 How 引导的感叹句）表达强烈情感； 3. 掌握顺序副词（First, Next, Then, After that, Finally）描述烹饪过程； 4. 区分可数名词与不可数名词，正确使用量词短语（a cup of, a piece of, a pair of 等）； 5. 能阅读与食物文化和烹饪记忆相关的短文，提取关键信息并完成相关练习； 6. 能用英语描述烹饪步骤，表达“食物连接人与人”的主题。 单元知识地图 Section A · Pre-reading & Task Conversation 1 (1b & 1c) — Making Mashed Potatoes Peter: Let's make some mashed potatoes for lunch. Teng Fei: Great idea! How do we make them? Peter: Well, first, get some potatoes and wash them. Teng Fei: OK. How many do we need? Peter: Six. Cut them into pieces. Teng Fei: OK. Done. Peter: Next, put the potatoes in the pot and boil them until they are soft. Teng Fei: Got it. Peter: Then, we need some milk and butter. Can you get them for me, please? Teng Fei: Sure. How much do we need? Peter: One tablespoon of butter and half a cup of milk ... Thanks. Now, let's start mashing the potatoes. Teng Fei: The potatoes are done. Peter: Now, add the milk and butter to the potatoes, and mix. Teng Fei: Like this? Peter: Great! Finally, add salt and pepper ... OK. We're done! Let's try them! Teng Fei: Mmm ... How delicious they taste! Conversation 2 (2a & 2c) — Stir-fried Eggs and Tomatoes Peter: Hey, Teng Fei, can you teach me how to cook a popular Chinese dish? Teng Fei: Sure. How about stir-fried eggs and tomatoes? Peter: Great idea. How do we make it? Teng Fei: We need eggs, tomatoes, salt, and sugar. Peter: OK. How many tomatoes and eggs do we need? Teng Fei: Four tomatoes and three eggs. Peter: OK. What should we do with the tomatoes and eggs? Teng Fei: First, cut the tomatoes into small pieces. Next, mix the eggs in a bowl. Peter: Like this? Teng Fei: Perfect. Then, heat some oil in a pan and add the eggs to it. Stir-fry for one minute. Then take the eggs out of the pan. Peter: Got it. Teng Fei: Next, cook the tomatoes in the pan until they're soft. Then, add some salt and sugar. Peter: What an amazing smell! What's next? Teng Fei: Finally, put the eggs back into the pan and mix them with the tomatoes. Peter: Wow, it looks so good! How simple! Task 1: Information Extraction — Complete the tables. Table A: Mashed Potatoes (Conversation 1) Step Instruction 1 Get some potatoes and wash them. 2 Cut them into pieces. 3 Put the potatoes in a pot and boil them until they are soft. 4 Get one tablespoon of butter and half a cup of milk. 5 Mash the potatoes. 6 Add the milk and butter to the potatoes, and mix. 7 Finally, add salt and pepper. Table B: Stir-fried Eggs and Tomatoes (Conversation 2) Step Instruction Sequence Word 1 Cut the tomatoes into small pieces. First 2 Mix the eggs in a bowl. Next 3 Heat some oil in a pan and add the eggs. Stir-fry for one minute(s). Then take the eggs out. Then 4 Cook the tomatoes in the pan until they're soft. Add salt and sugar. Next / Then 5 Put the eggs back into the pan and mix them with the tomatoes. Finally Task 2: Rewrite the sentences using exclamatory sentences.（用感叹句改写句子） 1. It's a pretty hat. (what) → What a pretty hat (it is)! 2. The weather is terrible. (how)→ How terrible the weather is! 3. Emma sings very well. (how)→ How well Emma sings! Section A 核心词汇详解 【词汇1】cut up 切碎；剁碎 教材例句： Cut up the tomatoes. 把西红柿切碎。 核心搭配： · cut up sth / cut sth up 切碎某物 —— Please cut up the vegetables. 请把蔬菜切碎。 · cut...into pieces 把……切成块/片 —— Cut the potatoes into small pieces. 把土豆切成小块。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Cut them up. 把它们切碎。（代词放中间） ❌ Cut up them. （错误，代词不能放在短语最后） cut up 表示“切碎”；cut...into pieces 表示“把……切成若干块/片”，很多情况下两者可以互换，只是表达侧重点不同。 【典例】 (   ) —What should I do with the apples? —________ first. A. Cut them up   B. Cut up them   C. Cut it up   D. Cut up it 【答案】A   【解析】句意：——我该怎么处理这些苹果？——先把它们切碎。apples 为复数，代词用 them，且需放在 cut up 中间。B 选项语序错误。 【即练1】 (   ) Please ________ the carrots and put them in the bowl. A. pour   B. boil   C. cut up   D. mix 【答案】C 【解析】句意：请把胡萝卜切碎然后放进碗里。cut up 意为“切碎”，符合将胡萝卜处理后放入碗中的语境。pour 倒，boil 煮，mix 混合，均不符合“切碎”这一动作。 【即练2】 Here are some potatoes. Please ________ them ________ before cooking. 【答案】cut; up 【解析】句意：这里有一些土豆，请在烹饪前把它们切碎。cut up 表示“切碎”，代词 them 放在中间。 【词汇2】pour /pɔː(r)/ v. 倒；倾倒 教材例句： Pour the milk into the flour. 把牛奶倒入面粉中。 核心搭配： · pour...into... 将……倒入…… —— Pour the hot water into the cup. 把热水倒进杯子里。 · pour out 倒出；倾吐 —— She poured out her feelings in the letter. 她在信中倾吐了感情。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Pour the milk into the glass. 把牛奶倒进玻璃杯里。（介词用 into） ❌ Pour the milk to the glass. （错误，不能用 to） pour 常表示“倒、倾倒”，多用于液体，也可用于糖、面粉等细小颗粒。 【典例】 (   ) Next, ________ the milk shake ________ a glass and serve it cold. A. pour; into   B. add; to   C. mix; with   D. cut; into 【答案】A   【解析】句意：接下来，把奶昔倒进玻璃杯里，然后冷饮。pour...into... 为固定搭配，意为“把……倒入……”。 【即练1】 (   ) Don't ________ out the water. We still need it. A. make   B. mix   C. cut   D. pour 【答案】D 【解析】句意：不要把水倒掉，我们还需要它。pour out 意为“倒出”，符合语境。make out 辨认，mix out 无此搭配，cut out 剪除，均不符合。 【即练2】 ________ the mixture ________ the pie crust and then bake it. （用 pour 的适当短语填空） 【答案】Pour; into 【解析】句意：把混合物倒进派皮里，然后烘烤。pour...into... 表示“将……倒入……”，固定搭配。 【词汇3】boil /bɔɪl/ v. 煮沸；烧开 教材例句： Boil the potatoes until they are soft. 把土豆煮到变软。 核心搭配： · boil water 烧水 —— Boil some water for tea. 烧点水泡茶。 · boil...until... 煮……直到…… —— Boil the eggs until they are hard. 把鸡蛋煮到变硬。 · boiling adj. 沸腾的 —— boiling water 正在沸腾的水 · boiled adj. 煮过的 —— boiled eggs 煮鸡蛋 ⚠ 易错提醒： "boiling”表液体正在沸腾的动态过程，“boiled”表已煮沸的完成状态。 ✅ Be careful with the boiling water. 小心沸腾的水。（正在滚烫的水） ❌ I drank boiling water just now. ✅ I drank boiled water just now. 我刚才喝了凉白开（煮开过，放凉的水） ❌ The water is boiled now.（错误，水正在沸腾，应用boiling） ✅ The water is boiling now. 水正在沸腾 【典例】 (   ) ________ the potatoes until they are soft, then take them out. A. Bake   B. Mix   C. Boil   D. Fry 【答案】C   【解析】句意：把土豆煮到变软，然后取出来。boil...until soft 意为“煮到变软”，符合烹饪语境。 【即练1】 (   ) Be careful with the ________ water. Don't touch it! A. boiled   B. boiling   C. bake   D. mix 【答案】B 【解析】句意：小心开水，别碰！boiling water 表示“正在沸腾的水（滚烫的）”，符合警示语境。boiled water 是“煮开过的水（可能已凉）”，与“Don't touch it”矛盾。 【即练2】 The soup is ________. Please turn off the stove. （用 boil 的适当形式填空） 【答案】boiling 【解析】句意：汤正在沸腾，请关掉炉子。boiling 作形容词，表示“正在沸腾的”，描述汤当前的状态。 【词汇4】mash /mæʃ/ v. 捣烂；捣碎 教材例句： Let's start mashing the potatoes. 我们开始捣土豆泥吧。 核心搭配： · mash the potatoes 捣土豆泥 —— Mash the potatoes until smooth. 把土豆捣成泥。 · mashed adj. 捣碎的 —— mashed potatoes 土豆泥 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ I'd like some mashed potatoes. 我想要一些土豆泥。（mashed 是形容词） ❌ I'd like some mash potatoes. （错误，形容词形式是 mashed） 动词 mash 加 -ed 可构成形容词，如 mashed potatoes；类似 steamed fish、roasted chicken。 【典例】 (   ) After you boil the potatoes, you need to ________ them. A. mash   B. cut   C. pour   D. bake 【答案】A   【解析】句意：煮完土豆之后，你需要把它们捣碎。mash 意为“捣烂”，符合制作土豆泥的步骤。 【即练1】 (   ) I'd like some ________ potatoes with my steak, please. A. mash   B. mashed   C. mashing   D. mashes 【答案】B 【解析】句意：请给我来一些土豆泥配牛排。mashed potatoes 是固定搭配，mashed 为形容词“捣碎的”，修饰 potatoes。 【即练2】 First, boil the potatoes. Then, ________ them and add some butter. （用 mash 填空） 【答案】mash 【解析】句意：首先煮土豆，然后捣碎并加入黄油。and 连接两个并列动作，mash 用动词原形。 【词汇5】mix /mɪks/ v. （使）混合；融合 n. 混合 教材例句： Mix the vegetables. 把蔬菜混合在一起。 核心搭配： · mix...with... 把……与……混合 —— Mix the oil with the flour. 把油和面粉混合。 · mix...into... 把……搅拌进…… —— Mix the eggs into the batter. 把鸡蛋搅进面糊里。 · mixture n. 混合物 —— Pour the mixture into the pan. 把混合物倒进锅里。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Mix the butter with the sugar. 把黄油和糖混合在一起。 ❌ Mix the butter and sugar together with. （错误，with 后缺少宾语） 名词形式是 mixture，不是 mixation。 【典例】 (   ) First, ________ the eggs and sugar together until light and fluffy. A. bake   B. boil   C. mix   D. pour 【答案】C   【解析】句意：首先，把鸡蛋和糖混合在一起，直到变得轻盈蓬松。mix...together 意为“把……混合在一起”。 【即练1】 (   ) The final step is to add the flour to the ________ and stir well. A. mixation   B. mix   C. mixture   D. mixing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：最后一步是把面粉加入混合物中搅拌均匀。mixture 是名词“混合物”，mixation 为生造词，mix 作名词不指具体混合物，mixing 是动名词。 【即练2】 Mix the butter and sugar until they become a smooth ________. （用 mix 的名词形式填空） 【答案】mixture 【解析】句意：将黄油和糖混合，直到变成光滑的混合物。mixture 为名词，表示“混合物”。 【词汇6】simple /ˈsɪmpl/ adj. 简单的 教材例句： Wow, it looks so good! How simple! 哇，看起来太棒了！真简单！ 核心搭配： · a simple dish 一道简单的菜 —— It's a simple dish to make. 这是一道很容易做的菜。 · simply adv. 简单地；仅仅 —— Simply follow the recipe. 只需照着食谱做。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ You can simply follow the steps. 你只需按照步骤做。（副词修饰动词） ❌ You can simple follow the steps. （错误，修饰动词需用副词 simply） 副词形式是 simply，不是 simplily。 【典例】 (   ) The dish looks difficult, but it's actually very ________. A. simple   B. simply   C. hard   D. hardly 【答案】A   【解析】句意：这道菜看起来很难，但其实非常简单。系动词 is 后接形容词 simple 作表语。 【即练1】 (   ) Don't worry. You can ________ follow the recipe. It's very easy. A. simple   B. simply   C. hard   D. hardly 【答案】B 【解析】句意：别担心，你只需按照食谱做，非常简单。修饰动词 follow 需用副词 simply。simple 是形容词，不能修饰动词。 【即练2】 The instructions are very ________. Even a child can follow them. （用 simple 填空） 【答案】simple 【解析】句意：这些说明非常简单，连孩子都能看懂。are 为系动词，后接形容词 simple 作表语。 【词汇7】pretty /ˈprɪti/ adj. 漂亮的 adv. 相当 教材例句： The flowers are pretty. 这些花非常漂亮。 核心搭配： · a pretty girl/flower 漂亮的女孩/花 —— She has a pretty smile. 她笑容很美。 · pretty + adj.adv. 相当…… —— The exam was pretty difficult. 考试相当难。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ What a pretty hat! 多漂亮的一顶帽子！（形容词） ✅ The exam was pretty difficult. 考试相当难。（副词 = quite） pretty 作副词表示“相当、颇”，后接形容词或副词原级，如 pretty good、pretty difficult。 【典例】 (   ) —What do you think of the hat? —It's ________. I like it very much. A. pretty   B. pretty much   C. ugly   D. terrible 【答案】A   【解析】句意：——你觉得这顶帽子怎么样？——很漂亮，我非常喜欢。pretty 作形容词，意为“漂亮的”，符合语境。 【即练1】 (   ) The exam was ________ difficult, but I think I did well. A. much   B. very much   C. pretty much   D. pretty 【答案】D 【解析】句意：考试相当难，但我觉得我考得不错。pretty 作副词表示“相当”，修饰形容词 difficult。much 和 very much 一般不直接修饰形容词原级，pretty much 意为“几乎”，不符合语境。 【即练2】 What a ________ dress! You look beautiful in it. （用 pretty 填空） 【答案】pretty 【解析】句意：多么漂亮的裙子！你穿上它看起来很美。pretty 作形容词，修饰名词 dress。 【词汇8】do with 处理；对付 教材例句： What should we do with the tomatoes and eggs? 我们该怎么处理这些西红柿和鸡蛋？ 核心搭配： · what to do with sth 如何处理某事 —— I don't know what to do with these old books. 我不知道怎么处理这些旧书。 · how to deal with sth 如何处理某事 —— Can you tell me how to deal with this problem? 你能告诉我怎么处理这个问题吗？ ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ What should I do with the problem? 我该怎么处理这个问题？（do with 与 what 搭配） ❌ How should I do with the problem? （错误，do with 不能与 how 搭配） ✅ How should I deal with the problem? （deal with 与 how 搭配） 【典例】 (   ) —I don't know ________ these old books. —You can give them to the library. A. what to do with   B. how to do with   C. what to deal with   D. how to deal 【答案】A   【解析】句意：——我不知道怎么处理这些旧书。——你可以把它们送给图书馆。what to do with sth 为正确结构，B/C/D 搭配均有误。 【即练1】 (   ) Can you tell me ________ this problem? It's really hard. A. how to do with   B. how to deal with   C. what to deal with   D. what to do with 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你能告诉我怎么处理这个问题吗？这真的很难。how to deal with sth 为正确搭配。A 选项搭配错误（do with 不与 how 搭配），C/D 搭配不成立。 【即练2】 What should I ________ ________ all these vegetables? （用 do 的适当短语填空） 【答案】do with 【解析】句意：我该怎么处理所有这些蔬菜？what...do with... 为固定搭配，意为“如何处理……”。 Section B · Pre-reading & Task Food for Thought "Cooking is love made visible." That is what my grandmother always told me. Thanks to her, I love cooking. It's a great way for me to share my love with others. Every time I sit at the table, after cooking for my family, we create memories. The smells and the food's taste, along with our conversations, connect us to each other. What wonderful memories I have! One of my favourite memories is my grandmother's pumpkin pie. She always made it in autumn, when the weather got colder. Her friendly kitchen was the perfect place to warm up and enjoy a taste of the changing seasons. I still remember the days when the smell of cinnamon filled the room with sweetness. Now, every time I smell cinnamon, I think of my grandmother's pumpkin pie. My grandmother told me about her first pumpkin pie. When she was a college student in the US, she stayed with a host family. One year around Thanksgiving, the hostess taught her how to make a pumpkin pie. Many years later, she taught me how to make it too. Pumpkin Pie Recipe Ingredients: eggs, sugar, cinnamon, salt, pumpkin, cream, pie crust Instructions: First, mix the eggs. Then, add the sugar, cinnamon, salt, pumpkin, and cream. Next, pour the mixture into the pie crust. After that, place the pie in the oven and cook for 40–50 minutes. Finally, let the pie cool for at least an hour before serving. Task 3: True or False (T for True, F for False) ( T ) 1. The grandmother believed "cooking is love made visible." ( F ) 2. She made pumpkin pie in summer. ( F ) 3. She learned to make it from her college roommate. ( T ) 4. The smell of cinnamon reminds the writer of the pie. ( T ) 5. Let the pie cool for at least an hour before serving. Task 4: Read and answer the questions. 1. Why does the writer love cooking? Because it's a great way to share love with others. 2. What was special about the grandmother's kitchen? It was friendly and the perfect place to warm up and enjoy the changing seasons. 3. Where did the grandmother learn to make pumpkin pie? From her hostess when she was a college student in the US. 4. When did she usually make it? In autumn, when the weather got colder. 5. What kind of person do you think the grandmother is? She is kind, loving, and willing to share food and culture with others. Section B 核心词汇详解 【词汇9】smell /smel/ n. 气味 v. 闻 link.v. 闻起来 教材例句： What an amazing smell! 多么美妙的气味啊！ / Every time I smell cinnamon... 每当我闻到肉桂…… 核心搭配： · the smell of... ……的气味 —— The smell of fresh bread filled the kitchen. 新鲜面包的气味弥漫了厨房。 · smell + adj. 闻起来…… —— The soup smells delicious. 汤闻起来很香。 · smell sth 闻某物 —— Smell this flower. Isn't it sweet? 闻闻这朵花，是不是很香？ ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ The cake smells delicious. 蛋糕闻起来很香。（系动词 + 形容词） ❌ The cake smells deliciously. （错误，系动词后不能接副词） smell 作系动词时，后接形容词，不接副词。同类系动词：taste, look, sound, feel。 【典例】 (   ) The cake ________ wonderful. Can I try a piece? A. tastes   B. sounds   C. smells   D. feels 【答案】C   【解析】句意：蛋糕闻起来好香。我能尝一块吗？根据语境，还未品尝，先闻到气味，用 smell。系动词后接形容词 wonderful。 【即练1】 (   ) The soup smells ________. I'm sure it will taste great! A. deliciously   B. well   C. delicious   D. badly 【答案】C 【解析】句意：汤闻起来很香，我肯定它尝起来一定很棒。smell 为系动词，后接形容词 delicious。deliciously 是副词，不能用在系动词后。 【即练2】 The ________ of fresh bread always makes me hungry. （用 smell 填空） 【答案】smell 【解析】句意：新鲜面包的气味总是让我感到饥饿。the smell of... 表示“……的气味”，smell 在此为名词。 【词汇10】instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 用法说明；操作指南（常用复数 instructions） 教材例句： Listen again and number the instructions. 再听一遍，给操作说明编号。 核心搭配： · follow the instructions 按照说明 —— Follow the instructions on the box. 按照盒子上的说明操作。 · cooking instructions 烹饪说明 —— The cooking instructions are very clear. 烹饪说明非常清楚。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Read the instructions carefully. 仔细阅读说明书。（表示说明书、操作说明时通常用复数） ❌ Read the instruction carefully. （错误，表示说明书时常用复数 instructions） 辨析：instruction 操作步骤；direction 方向/指引；introduction 介绍。 【典例】 (   ) Please read the ________ on the box before you take the medicine. A. ingredients   B. recipes   C. instructions   D. introductions 【答案】C   【解析】句意：服药前请阅读盒子上的说明书。instructions 指药品/产品的使用说明。ingredients 食材/成分，recipes 食谱，introductions 介绍，均不符合语境。 【即练1】 (   ) The cooking ________ are written clearly on the back of the package. A. ingredients   B. recipes   C. menus   D. instructions 【答案】D 【解析】句意：烹饪说明清楚地写在包装背面。cooking instructions 意为“烹饪说明”，固定搭配。ingredients 食材，recipes 食谱，menus 菜单，均不符合。 【即练2】 Follow the ________ carefully, and you will make a perfect pie. （用 instruction 的适当形式填空） 【答案】instructions 【解析】句意：仔细按照说明操作，你就能做出完美的派。表示“操作说明”时常用复数 instructions。 【词汇11】slice /slaɪs/ n. 薄片 v. 把……切成薄片 教材例句： a slice of bread 一片面包 核心搭配： · a slice of bread/pizza 一片面包/披萨 —— I'd like a slice of pizza. 我想要一片披萨。 · slice the tomato 把番茄切片 —— Slice the cucumber thinly. 把黄瓜切成薄片。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ a slice of bread 一片面包（薄片，强调形状） ❌ a slice bread （错误，缺少 of） ✅ a piece of cake 一块蛋糕（通用“块”，不强调形状） slice 作名词强调“薄片”；piece 是通用量词，适用范围更广。 【典例】 (   ) I'd like a ________ of bread with butter, please. A. piece   B. slice   C. loaf   D. bag 【答案】B   【解析】句意：请给我一片涂黄油的面包。a slice of bread 是固定搭配，指一片（薄片）面包。loaf 指一整条面包，bag 指一袋。 【即练1】 (   ) Could you ________ the tomato into thin pieces for the salad? A. pour   B. boil   C. slice   D. mix 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你能把番茄切成薄片做沙拉吗？slice 作动词，意为“把……切成薄片”，符合语境。 【即练2】 He ate three ________ of pizza for lunch. （用 slice 的适当形式填空） 【答案】slices 【解析】句意：他午餐吃了三片披萨。three 后接复数 slices，a slice of pizza 表示“一片披萨”。 【词汇12】separate /ˈseprət/ adj. 单独的；分开的 /ˈsepəreɪt/ v. 使分离 教材例句： She kept the ingredients separate. 她把食材分开存放。 核心搭配： · keep...separate 把……分开 —— Keep raw meat separate from vegetables. 把生肉和蔬菜分开放。 · separate A from B 把A和B分开 —— The teacher separated the boys from the girls. 老师把男孩和女孩分开。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ Keep them separate. 把它们分开放。（形容词，读音 /ˈseprət） ❌ Keep them separately. （错误，keep + 宾语 + 形容词，不用副词） ✅ Separate the eggs from the yolks. 把蛋白和蛋黄分开。（动词，读音 /ˈsepəreɪt） 形容词和动词拼写相同，但发音不同。 【典例】 (   ) The cook kept the ingredients ________ so they wouldn't get cold. A. separate   B. separately   C. mix   D. together 【答案】A   【解析】句意：厨师把食材分开存放，这样它们就不会变冷。keep... + adj. 表示“使……处于某种状态”，用形容词 separate。 【即练1】 (   ) The teacher asked us to ________ into groups of four. A. mix   B. put   C. cut   D. separate 【答案】D 【解析】句意：老师让我们分成四人一组。separate into groups 意为“分成小组”，符合语境。mix 混合，put 放置，cut 切，均不符合。 【即练2】 Please keep the raw meat ________ from the vegetables. （用 separate 的适当形式填空） 【答案】separate 【解析】句意：请将生肉和蔬菜分开放。keep... + adj. 表示“使……保持某种状态”，用形容词 separate。 【词汇13】born /bɔːn/ v. 出生 adj. 天生（有某方面才能）的 教材例句： The Guoqiao Rice Noodles was born! 过桥米线就这样诞生了！ 核心搭配： · be born 出生 —— I was born in 2010. 我出生于2010年。 · be born + adj. 天生…… —— He was born blind. 他天生失明。 · a born leader/artist 天生的领导者/艺术家 —— Mozart was a born musician. 莫扎特是天生的音乐家。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ I was born in Shanghai. 我出生在上海。（born 前必须有 be 动词） ❌ I born in Shanghai. （错误，born 不能单独作谓语） 教材特殊用法：The dish was born! 这道菜诞生了！（拟人修辞） 【典例】 (   ) —Where were you ________? —In a small town in Yunnan. A. born   B. live   C. come   D. go 【答案】A   【解析】句意：——你在哪里出生？——在云南的一个小镇。be born 表示“出生”，固定搭配，主语 + was/were + born。 【即练1】 (   ) The idea for this dish ________ from a loving wife many years ago. A. born   B. was born   C. is born   D. borned 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这道菜的创意诞生于多年前一位充满爱的妻子。be born 表示“诞生”，主语 the idea 为单数，用 was born。 【即练2】 Mozart was a ________ musician. He started composing at the age of five. （用 born 填空） 【答案】born 【解析】句意：莫扎特是一位天生的音乐家，他五岁就开始作曲了。born 作形容词，意为“天生的”，a born musician 意为“天生的音乐家”。 【词汇14】university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. （综合性）大学 & college /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/ n. 学院；大学 教材例句： When she was a college student in the US... 当她还是美国的一名大学生时…… 核心搭配： · go to university/college 上大学 —— She wants to go to university. 她想上大学。 · at university/college 在大学 —— We were at college together. 我们一起上的大学。 ⚠ 易错提醒： ✅ go to university 上大学（英式，不加 the） ❌ go to the university （特指“去那所大学”，不表示“上大学”） ✅ go to college 上大学（美式，不加 the） 辨析：university 综合性大学；college 学院/专科学校，也可泛指大学阶段。 【典例】 (   ) After high school, she wants to go to ________ to study medicine. A. university   B. college   C. the university   D. A and B 【答案】D   【解析】句意：高中毕业后，她想上大学学医。go to university 和 go to college 均可表示“上大学”。 【即练1】 (   ) In the UK, students usually go to ________ at the age of 18. A. the university   B. university   C. a university   D. universities 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在英国，学生通常在18岁上大学。go to university 为固定搭配，不加冠词，表示抽象意义的“上大学”。 【即练2】 My brother is a ________ student. He studies engineering at Tsinghua ________. （用 college/university 填空） 【答案】college; University 【解析】句意：我哥哥是一名大学生，他在清华大学学习工程学。college student 意为“大学生”，Tsinghua University 为专有名词“清华大学”。 语法突破 【语法1】感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences） 感叹句用来表达强烈的感情，如惊讶、喜悦、赞美等。本单元主要学习 What 和 How 引导的两种感叹句。 结构1：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + （主语 + 谓语）! 用于对单数可数名词进行感叹。注意：名词前必须有 a/an。 例：What an amazing smell (it is)! 多么美妙的气味啊！     What a lovely cake (it is)! 多么可爱的蛋糕啊！     What a clever boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！ 结构2：What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语）! 用于对复数名词或不可数名词进行感叹。注意：名词前不加 a/an。 例：What wonderful memories I have! 我拥有多么美好的回忆啊！（复数）     What delicious bread (it is)! 多么美味的面包啊！（不可数）     What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！（复数） 结构3：How + 形容词/副词 + （主语 + 谓语）! 用于对形容词或副词进行感叹。注意：How 后面直接跟形容词或副词，不跟名词。 例：How delicious the dish looks! 这道菜看起来多么美味啊！（形容词）     How well Emma sings! Emma 唱得多么好啊！（副词）     How simple it is! 真简单啊！（形容词） ⚠ 易错总结： ✅ What an amazing smell! （What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词） ❌ How amazing smell! （How 后面不直接接名词） ✅ How delicious it tastes! （How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语） ❌ What delicious it tastes! （What 后需接名词短语） 记忆要点：What 后接名词（可带形容词），How 后接形容词或副词。 【典例】 (   ) ________ clever boy he is! He solved the problem in just two minutes. A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a 【答案】C   【解析】句意：他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！他只用两分钟就解决了问题。clever boy 是可数名词单数，用 What a 引导感叹句。 【即练1】 (   ) ________ delicious the soup smells! I can't wait to try it. A. What   B. What a   C. How   D. How a 【答案】C 【解析】句意：汤闻起来真香！我等不及要尝了。delicious 是形容词，用 How 引导感叹句。结构：How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 【即练2】 (   ) ________ beautiful flowers they are! A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a 【答案】B 【解析】句意：多么漂亮的花啊！flowers 是可数名词复数，用 What 引导感叹句，不加 a/an。结构：What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + （主语 + 谓语）! 【即练3】 (   ) ________ well Emma sings! She has a great voice. A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a 【答案】A 【解析】句意：Emma 唱得真好啊！她有一副好嗓子。well 是副词，修饰 sings，用 How 引导感叹句。结构：How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 【语法2-1】可数名词与不可数名词 英语名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类，区分清楚才能正确使用 how many / how much 以及量词短语。 一、可数名词：能直接用数字计数，有单数和复数形式。 规则变化：一般加 -s (apple → apples）；以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es (box → boxes）；以“辅音字母+y”结尾变 y 为 i 加 -es (baby → babies）。 以 -o 结尾的名词变复数没有统一规则，应结合常见单词记忆：tomato → tomatoes（加 -es），potato → potatoes（加 -es），但 photo → photos（直接加 -s）。 不规则变化：常见需要记忆的：man → men, woman → women, child → children, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, fish → fish/fishes（表示种类时）， sheep → sheep（单复数同形）。 本单元常见可数名词：tomato, egg, potato, onion, apple, banana, vegetable。 二、不可数名词：不能直接用数字计数，没有复数形式，不能用 a/an 直接修饰。 本单元常见不可数名词：milk, butter, salt, pepper, sugar, flour, bread, rice, meat, water, oil, cheese。 三、特别注意：有些词在不同语境下可数/不可数会变化。如：fish 指“鱼肉”不可数，指“鱼的种类/条数”可数；chicken 指“鸡肉”不可数，指“小鸡”可数。 ⚠ 易错总结： ✅ How many tomatoes do we need? （tomato 复数为 tomatoes） ❌ How many tomatos do we need? （以 o 结尾且有生命，加 -es） ✅ There are two sheep on the farm. （sheep 单复数同形） ❌ There are two sheeps on the farm. （错误，sheep 无复数变形） ✅ I'd like two potatoes and some salt. （potato 可数加 -es，salt 不可数） 【典例】 (   ) I need two ________ and some ________ for the soup. A. tomato; salt   B. tomatoes; salt   C. tomato; salts   D. tomatoes; salts 【答案】B   【解析】句意：我需要两个番茄和一些盐做汤。tomato 可数，two 后加复数 tomatoes；salt 不可数，不加 s。 【即练】 Correct the mistake（改错）： "I'd like two potato and some butters." → ________________ 【答案】I'd like two potatoes and some butter. 【解析】potato 应改为复数 potatoes（以 o 结尾有生命加 -es），butter 为不可数名词，不能加 -s。 【语法2-2】量词短语 不可数名词和可数名词都可以用量词短语来表达具体的数量。 一、常用量词短语： a cup of tea 一杯茶 | a glass of water 一杯水 | a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 | a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 | a plate of spaghetti 一盘意大利面 | a bag of flour 一袋面粉 | a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖 | a tablespoon of butter 一汤匙黄油 | a slice of bread 一片面包 | a piece of cake 一块蛋糕 二、成对/成双表达： a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子 | a pair of gloves 一副手套 | a pair of shoes 一双鞋。注意：a pair of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如 This pair of shoes is new. 三、介词后接名词复数： in pieces 成碎片 | in slices 切片 | in pairs 成对。 例：Cut the potatoes into pieces. 把土豆切成块。Serve the cheese in slices. 奶酪切片上桌。 ⚠ 易错总结： ✅ I need two cups of coffee. （量词 cup 变复数） ❌ I need two cup of coffee. （量词需与数词一致） ✅ Cut the apples into pieces. （介词 into 后常用复数名词） 【典例】 (   ) I'd like a ________ of bread and a ________ of milk, please. A. slice; bottle   B. piece; bag   C. loaf; cup   D. bag; piece 【答案】A   【解析】句意：我想要一片面包和一瓶牛奶。a slice of bread 和 a bottle of milk 为常见量词搭配。 【即练1】 Complete: We need three ________ (bottle) of water and two ________ (pair) of chopsticks. 【答案】bottles; pairs 【解析】three 后接复数 bottles，two 后接复数 pairs。 【即练2】 Rewrite（改写）： Cut the potatoes. Make them into pieces. → Cut the potatoes ________ ________. 【答案】into pieces 【解析】cut...into pieces 意为“把……切成碎片”，介词 into 后接复数名词 pieces。 单元过关测试 一、单项选择（共10小题） (   ) 1. —What ingredients do we need for the mashed potatoes? —We need potatoes, butter, milk, ________, and pepper.    A. salt   B. salts   C. sugars   D. cheeses 【答案】A 【解析】句意：做土豆泥需要什么食材？需要土豆、黄油、牛奶、盐和胡椒粉。salt 为不可数名词，不加 s。B/C/D 均错误地加了复数形式。 (   ) 2. ________ delicious stir-fried eggs and tomatoes! I'd like to have another bowl of rice.    A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a 【答案】B 【解析】句意：多好吃的西红柿炒鸡蛋！我想再来一碗米饭。stir-fried eggs and tomatoes 是复数名词短语，用 What 引导感叹句，不加 a/an。How 后需接形容词/副词，不能直接接名词短语。 (   ) 3. First, ________ the tomatoes thinly before adding them to the salad bowl.    A. pour   B. boil   C. mix   D. slice 【答案】D 【解析】句意：首先，把西红柿切成薄片再加入沙拉碗中。slice 作动词，意为“把……切成薄片”，与 thinly 搭配合理。pour 倒，boil 煮，mix 混合，均不符合语境。 (   ) 4. —How ________ butter do we need to make the cake? —One tablespoon is enough.    A. many   B. much   C. long   D. often 【答案】B 【解析】句意：做蛋糕需要多少黄油？一汤匙就够了。butter 为不可数名词，用 how much 提问数量。how many 用于可数名词，how long 问长度/时间，how often 问频率。 (   ) 5. We need to prepare two ________ of water before we start cooking the soup.    A. pieces   B. bowls   C. bottles   D. bottle 【答案】C 【解析】句意：开始做汤前我们需要准备两瓶水。two 后接复数名词，bottle 的复数为 bottles。a bottle of water 意为“一瓶水”。piece 和 bowl 不与 water 构成合理的量词搭配。 (   ) 6. The ________ of freshly baked bread always reminds me of the happy mornings in my grandmother's kitchen.    A. taste   B. sound   C. smell   D. look 【答案】C 【解析】句意：新鲜出炉的面包的气味总让我想起祖母厨房里那些幸福的早晨。根据“freshly baked bread”和“reminds me of”判断，此处应是通过气味引发的回忆，用 smell。taste 品尝（需入口），sound 声音，look 外观，均不符合。 (   ) 7. Please ________ the milk ________ the flour slowly while stirring with a spoon.    A. mix...with...   B. pour...into...   C. add...to...   D. cut up 【答案】A 【解析】句意：请一边用勺子搅拌，一边慢慢地把牛奶和面粉混合在一起。mix...with... 意为“把……与……混合”，符合语境。pour...into... 表示“倒入”，与后面的 stir 不构成最佳搭配。 (   ) 8. —Could you tell me the ________ for this traditional Chinese dish? —Sure. First, wash the vegetables and cut them into small pieces.    A. ingredient   B. recipe   C. ingredients   D. menu 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你能告诉我这道传统中国菜的食谱吗？recipe 意为“食谱；烹饪法”，后面回答的正是制作步骤。ingredient 是“食材”（单数），ingredients 是“食材”（复数），menu 是“菜单”，均不符合语境。 (   ) 9. Please keep the raw meat ________ from the vegetables so that they don't affect each other.    A. together   B. warm   C. separate   D. fresh 【答案】C 【解析】句意：请把生肉和蔬菜分开放，以免互相影响。keep... + adj. 表示“使……保持某种状态”，separate 意为“分开的”，符合语境。together 一起（与句意相反），warm 温暖的，fresh 新鲜的，均不符合。 (   ) 10. ________ the pie cool for at least an hour before serving it to your guests.    A. Let   B. Make   C. Keep   D. Put 【答案】A 【解析】句意：让派冷却至少一小时再端给客人。let...cool 意为“让……冷却”，let + 宾语 + 动词原形（不带 to）。make 后接动词原形但意为“迫使”，keep 后接 doing/adj.put 不接形容词补语，均不适用。 二、根据首字母或中文提示填空（共5小题） 11. Please p________ the orange juice into the glass before the guests arrive. 【答案】pour 【解析】句意：请在客人到达前把橙汁倒进玻璃杯里。pour...into... 表示“把……倒入……”。 12. Mum is baking a chocolate cake in the o________, and the whole kitchen smells wonderful. 【答案】oven 【解析】句意：妈妈正在烤箱里烤巧克力蛋糕，整个厨房闻起来都很香。bake...in the oven 表示“在烤箱里烘烤”。 13. In autumn, my grandmother always bakes a traditional ________（南瓜）pie for the whole family to enjoy. 【答案】pumpkin 【解析】句意：秋天，祖母总会烤传统的南瓜派给全家人享用。pumpkin pie 意为“南瓜派”。 14. Before you start cooking any new dish, read the r________ carefully and prepare all the ingredients. 【答案】recipe 【解析】句意：开始烹饪新菜前，仔细阅读食谱并准备好所有食材。recipe 意为“食谱”。 15. The i________ for this simple dish include eggs, tomatoes, salt, and a little sugar. 【答案】ingredients 【解析】句意：这道简单菜肴的食材包括鸡蛋、西红柿、盐和少许糖。ingredients 意为“食材；成分”，根据 include 和后面的多种食材判断用复数。 三、阅读理解（共10小题） A篇 Every country has its own special food, and some dishes have become famous all around the world. What makes these dishes so popular? Let's take a closer look at three of them and discover the stories behind their success. Sushi (Japan) — Sushi is one of the most famous Japanese dishes, enjoyed by people in almost every corner of the world. It is made with specially prepared rice and fresh fish or vegetables. The rice is mixed with a kind of vinegar, and then it is shaped by hand with the toppings placed on top. Sushi started as a simple way to keep fish fresh hundreds of years ago. People used fermented rice to store fish, and later they began to eat the rice together with the fish. Over time, sushi developed from a practical method of food preservation into an art form. Today, sushi chefs train for many years to perfect their skills, and sushi restaurants can be found everywhere, from street markets to five-star hotels. Pizza (Italy) — Pizza is one of the most popular fast foods on the planet, but it actually has a long and interesting history. It started in Naples, Italy, over 300 years ago as a simple flatbread with tomato sauce and cheese. At that time, it was mainly eaten by poor people who needed an inexpensive and filling meal. However, when Italians began moving to America in the late 19th century, they brought pizza with them, and it quickly won the hearts of Americans. Today, people eat about 5 billion pizzas every year around the world! Different cities and countries have developed their own special pizza styles—New York is famous for its thin, crispy slices, while Chicago loves its deep-dish version. Mapo Tofu (China) — Mapo tofu is a famous dish from Sichuan province in China, known for its spicy, numbing flavour. It is made with soft tofu, minced pork or beef, and a rich sauce full of chili and Sichuan peppercorns. The dish has a history of over 150 years and was created by a woman nicknamed "Mapo"—which means "pockmarked old woman"—who ran a small restaurant in Chengdu. Her cooking was so good that her restaurant became famous throughout the city, and the dish was named after her. Today, mapo tofu is not only loved across China but is also served in Chinese restaurants around the world, bringing the bold flavours of Sichuan cuisine to people everywhere. These three dishes show that food is about much more than simply filling our stomachs. Behind every famous dish, there are stories of history, culture, and the love that people put into their cooking. (   ) 1. What is sushi made with, according to the passage? A. Specially prepared rice and fresh fish or vegetables. B. Bread and cheese. C. Noodles and meat. D. Tofu and spicy sauce. 【答案】A 【解析】根据第二段“It is made with specially prepared rice and fresh fish or vegetables.”可知答案。原文直接给出了寿司的食材。 (   ) 2. Where did pizza first become popular as a simple flatbread with tomato sauce and cheese? A. New York. B. Chicago. C. Naples, Italy. D. Japan. 【答案】C 【解析】根据第三段“It started in Naples, Italy, over 300 years ago as a simple flatbread with tomato sauce and cheese."可知披萨最早在那不勒斯以这种形式流行起来。 (   ) 3. Who created mapo tofu, a dish that is still enjoyed more than 150 years later? A. An Italian chef. B. A woman nicknamed "Mapo" in Chengdu. C. An American cook. D. A Japanese sushi master. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第四段“was created by a woman nicknamed 'Mapo'...who ran a small restaurant in Chengdu.”可知麻婆豆腐是由成都一位被称为“麻婆”的女性创制的。 (   ) 4. Why did sushi first become popular hundreds of years ago, before it turned into an art form? A. Because it was cheap and easy to cook at home. B. Because it looked beautiful and colourful on the plate. C. Because it helped people keep fish fresh for a longer time. D. Because it was introduced by Italian travellers. 【答案】C 【解析】根据第二段“Sushi started as a simple way to keep fish fresh hundreds of years ago.”可知寿司最初是为了保鲜鱼类而产生的。 (   ) 5. What is the main message that the writer wants to share through this passage? A. Sushi is the healthiest food among the three dishes mentioned. B. Food is not just for eating—it carries history, culture, and the love of those who make it. C. Pizza is a better and more popular choice than sushi or mapo tofu. D. Mapo tofu is too spicy for most people outside of China to enjoy. 【答案】B 【解析】根据结尾段“food is about much more than simply filling our stomachs. Behind every famous dish, there are stories of history, culture, and the love that people put into their cooking.”可知作者想表达食物承载着历史、文化和制作者的爱。 B篇 In many countries around the world, students bring their own lunch to school. Although this may seem like a small daily habit, these lunch boxes can actually tell us a lot about different food cultures, family traditions, and the love that parents put into preparing meals for their children. In Japan, many students bring a bento box to school. A bento is not simply a box of food—it is often a carefully arranged meal that looks as good as it tastes. A typical bento contains rice, fish or meat, and a variety of vegetables. All the food is cut into small pieces so that it is easy to eat with chopsticks. Many Japanese mothers spend a lot of time making the bento look beautiful, arranging the food into lovely shapes like flowers, stars, or even cartoon characters. They believe that a beautiful lunch will make their children feel happy and loved during the school day. In Italy, students might bring pasta with tomato sauce and a piece of cheese for lunch. Sometimes they also have a small sandwich made with fresh bread or a slice of pizza left over from the night before. Fresh fruit, such as an apple or a pear, is often included as a healthy snack. Italian families care deeply about food quality, so lunch boxes are usually filled with fresh, simple ingredients rather than processed food. In Mexico, a typical school lunch box may include beans, rice, and slices of fresh fruit such as mango or watermelon. Some students also bring a bottle of water or fruit juice to drink. In certain areas, a warm tortilla filled with cheese or meat is a common and filling lunch choice. Mexican lunches often reflect the country's rich farming traditions, with plenty of fresh produce straight from local markets. Although the food itself is very different from country to country, one thing is the same everywhere: a lunch made with care is a powerful way for families to show their love. No matter whether it is a bento, a bowl of pasta, or a warm tortilla, the most important ingredient in any lunch box is the love that goes into making it. (   ) 6. What do Japanese students often bring to school for lunch, according to the passage? A. A carefully arranged bento box. B. Pizza. C. Pasta. D. Tacos. 【答案】A 【解析】根据第二段“In Japan, many students bring a bento box to school.”及后续对便当的描述可知答案。文中强调便当是精心准备的，A 选项最全面准确。 (   ) 7. In a Japanese bento, how is the food usually prepared to make it easy to eat and beautiful to look at? A. It is left in large pieces to keep its natural shape. B. It is cut into small pieces and often arranged into lovely shapes. C. It is all mixed together into one single dish. D. It is mostly the same colour to make the box look neat. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第二段“All the food is cut into small pieces so that it is easy to eat”和“arranging the food into lovely shapes like flowers, stars, or even cartoon characters”可知食物被切成小块并摆成可爱的形状。 (   ) 8. What might an Italian student have for lunch, based on the information in the passage? A. Rice and fish. B. Beans and fruit. C. Noodles with soup. D. Pasta with tomato sauce and cheese, sometimes with fresh fruit. 【答案】D 【解析】根据第三段“students might bring pasta with tomato sauce and a piece of cheese”和“Fresh fruit...is often included”可知意大利学生常带番茄酱意面配奶酪，有时还有新鲜水果。 (   ) 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage about school lunches? A. Mexican students sometimes bring slices of fresh fruit such as mango. B. Some students bring a bottle of water or juice to drink. C. American students often bring hamburgers and fried chicken for lunch. D. A Japanese bento usually contains rice, fish or meat, and vegetables. 【答案】C 【解析】文中提到了日本、意大利和墨西哥的学校午餐，全文未提及美国学生的午餐内容。A 对应墨西哥段落“slices of fresh fruit such as mango”，B 对应“a bottle of water or fruit juice”，D 对应日本段落“contains rice, fish or meat, and vegetables”。 (   ) 10. Why does the writer introduce lunch boxes from different countries in this passage? A. To compare school rules in different parts of the world. B. To show that different food cultures all reflect the love families put into meals. C. To teach students how to cook a proper bento box by themselves. D. To tell students that they should all bring lunch to school every day. 【答案】B 【解析】根据结尾段“one thing is the same everywhere: a lunch made with care is a powerful way for families to show their love”可知作者通过介绍不同国家的午餐，旨在说明虽然食物不同，但都体现了家人倾注的爱。 四、完形填空（共10小题） Last Sunday, I decided to cook dinner for my parents for the first time. I wanted to make stir-fried eggs and tomatoes because I thought it was 1.______ enough for a beginner like me. I had watched my mother make it countless times, and I felt quite confident that I could do it on my own. First, I washed two large tomatoes and carefully cut them into small 2.______. The pieces were not perfectly even, but I was happy with my effort. Then, I took three fresh eggs from the fridge and 3.______ them in a bowl with a pair of chopsticks until they became smooth and a little frothy. After that, I heated some oil in the pan over medium heat. When I saw tiny smoke rising from the oil, I carefully 4.______ the egg mixture into the pan. The eggs cooked almost immediately, puffing up and turning golden. I stirred them quickly with a spatula and then took them out onto a clean plate. Next, I added a little more oil to the pan and cooked the tomato pieces. I remembered my mother's advice: "Cook them until they become soft and release their juice." As the tomatoes softened, I added a pinch of salt and a small spoon of sugar. Then suddenly, I remembered something terrible—I had completely forgotten to season the eggs with salt! I was a little 5.______ at that moment, but I told myself it was too late to change anything and kept going. Finally, I returned the eggs to the pan and mixed everything together. When my parents came home and sat at the dinner table, I served the dish with rice. They took their first bite, and then a big smile spread across both of their faces. "6.______ a special meal!" My mother said with surprise in her voice, "This is your very first dish, and it tastes absolutely wonderful." My father nodded and added, "We are so 7.______ of you for trying something new." I felt a warm sense of happiness spread through my heart. Cooking, I realised that evening, is not just about following a 8.______ step by step. It takes practice, patience, and most importantly, it is a meaningful way to show 9.______ to the people you care about. Now I truly understand what my mother means when she says, "The kitchen is the 10.______ of our home, where love is made into something you can taste." (   ) 1. A. hard   B. boring   C. new   D. simple 【答案】D 【解析】根据“enough for a beginner like me”可知，作者作为初学者选择了简单易做的菜。simple 意为“简单的”，符合逻辑。hard 难的（与初学者矛盾），boring 无聊的，new 新的。 (   ) 2. A. pieces   B. bowls   C. spoons   D. plates 【答案】A 【解析】根据“cut them into small ________”可知，是把西红柿切成小块。cut...into pieces 为固定搭配，意为“把……切成碎片”。bowls 碗，spoons 勺，plates 盘子，均不能与 cut into 搭配。 (   ) 3. A. mixed   B. cut   C. poured   D. boiled 【答案】A 【解析】根据“in a bowl with a pair of chopsticks until they became smooth”可知，用筷子搅拌使鸡蛋变得顺滑，这是搅拌混合的动作。mixed 意为“搅拌；混合”，符合语境。 (   ) 4. A. heated   B. poured   C. turned   D. put 【答案】B 【解析】根据“the egg mixture into the pan”可知，是将鸡蛋混合物倒入锅中。pour...into... 意为“把……倒入……”，固定搭配。 (   ) 5. A. excited   B. nervous   C. angry   D. bored 【答案】B 【解析】根据“I had completely forgotten to season the eggs with salt”可知，作者忘了放盐，这让他感到紧张不安。nervous 意为“紧张的”，符合发现自己失误时的心情。 (   ) 6. A. What   B. How   C. What a   D. How a 【答案】C 【解析】根据“________ a special meal!”可知，meal 是可数名词单数，用 What a 引导感叹句。结构：What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数！ (   ) 7. A. tired   B. afraid   C. careful   D. proud 【答案】D 【解析】根据“We are so ________ of you for trying something new.”可知，父母为孩子尝试新事物感到自豪。be proud of 意为“为……感到自豪”，固定搭配。 (   ) 8. A. recipe   B. instruction   C. menu   D. letter 【答案】A 【解析】根据“following a ________ step by step”可知，烹饪是按食谱一步步操作的。recipe 意为“食谱”，最符合语境。instruction 常指“说明书”（多用复数），menu 菜单，letter 信件。 (   ) 9. A. money   B. time   C. love   D. food 【答案】C 【解析】根据全文主题和结尾“where love is made into something you can taste”可知，烹饪是表达爱的方式。show love to the people you care about 意为“向你关心的人表达爱”。 (   ) 10. A. corner   B. heart   C. door   D. window 【答案】B 【解析】根据“The kitchen is the ________ of our home”可知，厨房是家的心脏/中心。heart 意为“心脏；中心”，是常见比喻用法。corner 角落，door 门，window 窗户，均不符合语境。 五、写作 以“My Favourite Dish”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍你最喜欢的一道菜。 【写作支架】 一、思维导图 What is your favourite dish? ↓ What ingredients do you need? ↓ How do you make it? (Use sequence words!) ↓ Who usually makes it for you? （或你第一次学会做这道菜的经历） ↓ Why is it special to you? (Use exclamatory sentences!) 二、句型库 · My favourite dish is... 我最喜欢的菜是…… · Here's how to make it. 以下是制作方法。 · First... Next... Then... After that... Finally... 首先……接下来……然后……在那之后……最后…… · What a delicious dish it is! 多么美味的一道菜啊！ · How wonderful it tastes! 它尝起来多么美妙啊！ · Every time I eat it, I think of... 每次吃到它，我就想起…… · It reminds me of... 它让我想起…… · Cooking is a way to show love. 烹饪是一种表达爱的方式。 三、可用词汇 delicious, favourite, ingredient, recipe, instruction, mix, pour, boil, bake, cut up, add...to..., smell, taste, wonderful, amazing, love, memory, share...with..., simple, special 内容提示： 1. 介绍你最喜欢的一道菜及其所需食材； 2. 用顺序副词（First, Next, Then, Finally）描述制作步骤； 3. 说明谁常为你做这道菜（或你第一次学会做这道菜的经历）； 4. 使用至少两处感叹句表达你对这道菜的喜爱； 5. 说明这道菜为什么对你有特别的意义。 要求： 1. 使用一般现在时； 2. 至少使用本单元学过的八个词汇或短语； 3. 至少使用两处感叹句（What/How 引导）； 4. 使用顺序副词描述烹饪步骤； 5. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 【参考范文】 My Favourite Dish My favourite dish is stir-fried eggs and tomatoes. It is a simple but delicious Chinese dish. The ingredients are easy to get: eggs, tomatoes, salt, and a little sugar. Here's how my mother makes it. First, she cuts the tomatoes into small pieces. Next, she mixes the eggs in a bowl. Then, she heats some oil in a pan and pours the eggs in. After that, she cooks the tomatoes until they are soft and adds salt and sugar. Finally, she puts the eggs back and mixes them with the tomatoes. What an amazing smell it has! How wonderful it tastes! Every time I eat this dish, I think of my mother's love. Cooking is truly love made visible. 本单元完整教材词汇表详见原卷版。 — 解析版 · 完 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $