【暑假培优 ★ 新高二】第13讲：阅读理解长难句分析策略+题型综合练+高考词汇进阶（全国通用）-新高二英语提升拓展精品讲义

第13讲：阅读理解长难句分析+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：阅读理解长难句分析 “结构分析法” “意群阅读法” 题型综合练 语法填空（说明文） 完形填空（记叙文） 高考核心词汇积累 O字母高考核心词汇 课堂精讲 一、长难句的基本特征 一）、含多重从句和修饰语的复合句 简要概述 主句中嵌套两个及以上从句（定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等），同时叠加形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词等修饰成分，句子层级多、修饰信息繁杂，容易分不清主干与修饰部分。解题关键：先抓主谓主干，再逐层剥离各类修饰、从句。 例句 I believe that the travel plan which our teacher recommended will offer us a great chance that we can explore the ancient city in Peru. 句子分析 1. 主干：I believe…（主谓宾） 2. 第一层：that 引导宾语从句作 believe 的宾语； 3. 宾语从句主干：the travel plan will offer us a great chance； 4. which our teacher recommended：定语从句，修饰先行词 the travel plan； 5. that we can explore the ancient city in Peru：第二个定语从句，修饰先行词 chance； 翻译：我相信老师推荐的这份旅行方案会给我们提供一次探索秘鲁这座古城的绝佳机会。 二）、分隔结构和成分省略的干扰 简要概述 1. 分隔结构：本应紧密相连的主谓、动宾、先行词与定语从句被插入语、状语、同位语等成分隔开，造成阅读断裂； 2. 成分省略：状语从句中主语与主句主语一致且含 be 动词时，省略主语 + be，只剩非谓语、形容词等，容易误判句子成分。 例句 1（分隔结构） The girl, who comes from a small mountain village, won the gold medal that all the athletes dreamed of. 分析：先行词 the girl 和谓语 won 被 who 引导的定语从句分隔，主干：The girl won the gold medal。 翻译：这位来自小山村的女孩拿下了所有运动员都梦寐以求的金牌。 例句 2（省略结构） When (you are) travelling in the Amazon rainforest, you should follow your local guide closely. 分析：时间状语从句省略主语 you 和 be 动词 are，还原后为 When you are travelling…； 翻译：在亚马孙雨林旅行时，你要紧跟着当地向导。 三）、正常语序的改变（倒装、强调等特殊句式） 简要概述 打破 “主语 + 谓语” 常规语序，常出现全部倒装、部分倒装、表语前置倒装、it 强调句型等，目的是突出某一成分，容易找不到句子真正主语和谓语，需要先还原为正常语序再分析。 例句 Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. 句子分析 1. 句式：表语前置引发全部倒装； 2. 还原正常语序：The Incas’ dry stone method of building is especially amazing. 3. 主干：主语 the Incas’ dry stone method of building，系动词 is，表语 amazing； 翻译：印加人的干石建筑技艺令人格外惊叹。 二、长难句的分类 一）、简单句中的长难句 概述 句子只有一套主谓结构（只有一个谓语动词），没有从句，之所以变长变难，是因为叠加了大量修饰成分：介词短语、非谓语动词（to do /doing/done）、形容词短语、同位语、插入语等，用来修饰主语、宾语、状语，容易掩盖句子主干。 解题技巧：剥离所有修饰成分，只保留主谓（宾）。 例句 Many tourists from different countries walking along the narrow coastal road hope to explore the ancient cultural sites in Peru. 句子分析 1. 主干（唯一一套主谓）：Many tourists hope to explore the ancient cultural sites 2. 修饰成分： ① from different countries（介词短语后置修饰 tourists） ② walking along the narrow coastal road（现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 tourists） 3. 翻译：许多来自不同国家、行走在狭长沿海公路上的游客都希望去探访秘鲁的古文化遗址。 典型简单长难句（带插入语） Adam, a new freshman at senior high school, with careful planning and hard work, finally got a chance to join the volunteer club. 主干：Adam finally got a chance；其余均为插入语、介词短语修饰。 二）、并列句中的长难句 概述 由并列连词（and, but, so, or, for, while 等）连接两个或多个独立的简单句，每个分句都有自己独立的主谓结构。句子难点在于：多个分句层层罗列，同时每个分句内部又带有各类修饰短语，信息量大，容易分不清分句边界。 解题技巧：先找并列连词，切分各个独立分句，再分别找每个分句主干。 例句 I wanted to sign up for advanced literature and join the school football team, but the coach told me I was not skilled enough, so I chose to take part in a volunteer club instead. 句子分析 1. 并列连词：but、so，切分为三个并列分句： 分句 1：I wanted to sign up for advanced literature and join the school football team 分句 2：the coach told me I was not skilled enough 分句 3：I chose to take part in a volunteer club instead 2. 说明：三个分句地位平等，无主从关系；第二个分句内部嵌套了省略引导词的宾语从句，属于分句内小修饰。 3. 翻译：我原本想报名高级文学课程并加入校足球队，可教练说我的技术还不够好，于是我转而加入了一家志愿者社团。 三）、复合句中的长难句（高考阅读理解最常考） 概述 由主句 + 一个或多个从句构成，存在主次关系。从句依附主句，不能独立成句，分为三大类：定语从句、名词性从句（宾语 / 主语 / 表语 / 同位语从句）、状语从句。难点在于从句多层嵌套，从句中再套从句，外加非谓语、介词短语修饰，极易混淆主句主谓。 解题技巧：先锁定主句主谓，再逐个拆分嵌套从句，明确从句修饰对象。 例句 I believe that the travelling experience which we will gain in Peru will help us become more confident people who dare to explore unknown things in our life. 句子逐层分析 1. 主句：I believe… 2. 第一层：that 引导宾语从句（作 believe 的宾语） 宾语从句主干：the travelling experience will help us become more confident people 3. 第二层：which we will gain in Peru 定语从句，修饰先行词 the travelling experience 4. 第三层：who dare to explore unknown things in our life 定语从句，修饰先行词 people 5. 翻译：我相信我们即将在秘鲁收获的旅行经历，会让我们成为更自信、敢于探索人生未知事物的人。 拓展：并列复合句（高频混合类） 很多长难句是「并列句 + 复合句」的结合，既存在并列连词，又有主从嵌套，属于前两类的混合： 例：We wanted to visit Machu Picchu, but because we missed the flight, we had to change our travel plan which our teacher had made weeks ago. 三、长难句的理解技巧 （一）“结构分析法” 所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。 方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分 较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。 ①However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. [分析]　此句的主语为“many scientists”，主语后跟一个由who引导的定语从句。主句有两个谓语，即are doubtful和say, say后面又接了一个宾语从句。 ②Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. [分析]　此句的主语为“Some companies”，句中有两个谓语，即have made和emphasize。 ③At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute (道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. [分析]　此句的主语为“a microcomputer”，也有两个谓语，即locks 和sets。 方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词 ①The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing. ②Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted. [分析]　第①句中的and和第②句中的and都是并列连词，各自连接两个并列单句。 方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词 Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. [分析]　Whereas引导了一个从句，即“a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage”， 而“it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say”为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。 “he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa”为省略从属连词that 的宾语从句，从句中又含有not ... until引导的时间状语从句，时间状语从句所在的主、从句中又各含有一个宾语从句：“his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble” (省略连接词that)；与“if he could sleep on the sofa” (从属连词if)。 方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 1.先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句 If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson”， and “Webster”， but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English — William, the Conqueror. [分析]　首先找到并列连词but，推知：If you ask ... “Webster”为but连接的第一分句，“none of these men ... the Conqueror”为第二分句；第一分句中含if引导的条件状语从句，从句中又含有who引导的定语从句；第二分句中含who引导的定语从句。 （二）“意群阅读法” 一个句子可根据意思和语法结构分成若干小段，每一小段称之为一个意群。意群可以是一个词，一个词组或短语，也可以是一个并列句的分句或复合句的主句、从句等。此方法有助于提高阅读速度和理解的准确性。例如： ①When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，②an unbelted driver would meet the windshield (挡风玻璃) ③with a force equal to diving headfirst (头向前地) into the ground from a height of 10 meters. [分析]　①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导的介词短语作状语。这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。 意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。 When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters. 批注：①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。 四、长难句的分析步骤 一般来说，按“先干后枝”的原则处理，即按“主句→从句→修饰语”的顺序进行。具体步骤如下： 1.第一步：整句结构分析。通过语法分析，迅速弄清整个句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架，确定整个句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。 【例1】“I felt there was a need for a book like this.” she says. “I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self­controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”典例讲解 批注：整个句子是个简单句，即：she says“…”。只不过，前后两个引号为两个并列的宾语从句。第一处引号“I felt there was a need for a book like this.”的主语为I，felt后跟了一个宾语从句“there was a need for a book like this”。第二处引号“I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self­controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”由but连接两个分句，第二个分句有主句I wanted other diabetics to know…， 宾语从句that things get better 及时间状语从句when we're self­controlled and do our part in managing the disease。 2. 第二步：主干成分确定。找出句子的核心成分，确定主句的主语和谓语。 【例2】Miss Germaine's mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell's parents are reported to be less than delighted. 批注：本句由两个分句组成，and连接两个并列单句。句意： Germaine小姐的母亲在整个婚礼过程中看上去很焦虑，Cordell先生的父母亲据报道也不开心。 3. 第三步：从句功能分析。找出句中从句的引导词，分析从句类型(是否为定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句等)和从句之间及从句和主句之间的关系。 【例3】Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 批注：whereas引导了一个从句，即 a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, 而it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式 to hear a man…。省略to的不定式say作宾语补足语，say后面接了一个宾语从句he didn't know，know后面又接了一个宾语从句his friend's marriage was in serious trouble和时间状语从句until he appeared one night，现在分词短语asking 作伴随状语，asking 后面又接了一个宾语从句if he could sleep on the sofa。 句意：一个女人最亲密的女友，很可能第一个奉劝她结束不幸的婚姻。然而，我们常听到男人说，他是在朋友突然来到自己家里并要求睡在沙发上时，才明白朋友的婚姻有了麻烦。 4.第四步：短语功能分析。找出非谓语动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语等短语，分析其功能以及它们与谓语动词/非谓语动词/从句/主句之间的关系等。 【例4】If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”， but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn't even speak English — William the Conqueror. 批注：首先找出并列复合句，即but连接的两个句子，再看but前的并列句中有一个if引导的条件状语从句，but后的并列句中有一个who引导的定语从句，修饰a man。句意：如果你要求别人说出对英语的影响最大的人，你可能会得到像“Shakespeare”， “Samuel Johnson”和 “Webster”之类的答案。但是与一个甚至不会说英语的人——“征服者”William相比，这些人就毫无影响力了。 注意: 复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词, 找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构, 清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。 总结： 表示目的：so that, for the purpose that, in order that等； 表示结果：so…that…, such…that…, as a result, therefore, thus等； 表示条件：if, on condition that, unless等； 表示原因：because, since, as等。 课堂精练 一、长难句阅读练习： 1. Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虚拟的)LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens. (the sixth paragraph) While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can ______. A. get a general idea of the LoB B. meet many world­famous experts C. learn how to put up a library building D. understand how the specialists work on the project 2. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood? 　　A. She had seven brothers. 　　B. She felt herself unimportant. C. She was too shy to go to school. D. She did not have any good teachers. 3. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. What do we know about the Internet according to the passage? 　　A. It makes IP rights harder to protect. 　　B. It sells songs and films. 　　C. It does not affect the way we understand IP rights. 　　D. It prevents the production of artwork. 4. Their study found that the bromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment, “while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem, ” said Professor Peter Barnes. According to Professor Barnes, the obromine______. 　　A. cannot be as effective as codeine 　　B. can be harmful to people’s health 　　C. cannot be separated from chocolate D. can be a more effective cure for coughs 5. Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth’s surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth’s surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet. Only a small part of the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface because most of it is______. 　　A. absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere 　　B. reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere 　　C. lost in the upper and lower atmosphere D. used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes 2、 运用长难句分析技巧分析下列长难句，并翻译成汉语 1．This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. [分析]　which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease是从句，破折号后面的the very thing the medical community was trying to fight是对和的补充说明。 翻译： 2．The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. [分析]　but连接两个并列分句。第二分句中，“relatively speaking”是，“because they heard the alarm and knew what to do”是从句。 [翻译]　 3．If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed. [分析]　“If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter”是if引导的从句。so后面表示结果，在此部分中“that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed”是“the hint”的从句，该从句中又含有when引导的从句。 [翻译] 4．Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired，not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble. [分析]　连词and连接两个并列复合句，第一个分句中，suppose后是省略了that的从句。第二个分句中，“that could get you in trouble”为从句，修饰先行词。 [翻译] 5．Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. [分析]　句中when引导一个从句；主语从句为主句的主语，that引导从句，在这个从句中，what引导的从句作时间状语；what may be implied;表语；表语；consider;宾语翻译： 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For tourists 1 (admire) the charming landscapes of Beijing’s architectural wonders such as the Forbidden City, they are attracted by the vision of young women in Manchu costumes once 2 (dress) by royal ladies of the Qing Dynasty. Their presence brings about a reinterpretation of traditional Chinese art. For people 3 are interested in all the colorful costumes, a must-see place is the Museum of Ethnic Costumes that draws their attention to the 4 (country) other ethnic groups. Located in the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology (BIFT) is the museum, a treasure-house of cultural heritage. It was 5 (official) set up in 2000 as China’s main institution for clothing culture. It has collected more than 10,000 items, including clothing, jewelry, fabrics, batik and embroidery from 6 (vary) ethnic groups, and displays nearly a thousand photographs that document the traditional dresses of ethnic groups. The effort 7 (collect) these ethnic costumes was challenging. While Han clothing is widely available, the clothing of the 55 other ethnic groups posed 8 challenge in terms of its collection and preservation. Since 1988, when the museum was still being prepared, the study and conservation of ethnic costumes 9 (support) by the faculty members of BIFT. The effort was more than mere collecting. It was a mission to protect and document traditional craftsmanship. The museum also undertook the task of repairing and conserving costumes 10 research. 二、完形填空 At 29 years old, Chris Punsalan isn’t exactly living a typical, 20-something life. While his peers are 11 with friends, partying, traveling, or chasing their dreams, he’s at home, taking care of his 97-year-old grandmother. In 2015, Chris and his family were faced with the difficult 12 of what to do with his aging grandmother. 13 severe health problems, she could no longer take care of herself. The family had two 14 : to send her to a care center or to find a full-time caregiver. In his final semester of college, seeing his grandmother in poor health, Chris determined to be 15 for looking after his beloved grandmother after 16 . It was, after all, she that had taken all the troubles to 17 his growing up happily. As a digital content creator and musician, Chris is keen on preserving 18 . In 2019, to give the world a(n) 19 into life as a caregiver, he posted a video online. And 20 , his video went viral! He and his grandmother became famous overnight. 21 by the reaction his video received, Chris now regularly 22 their daily activities and heart-warming interactions. He also posts many helpful 23 for others who find themselves in similar caregiving situations. While Chris may have discovered fame with his grandmother, it’s the 24 time they spend together that means the most to him. “Life is so fragile. 25 your grandparents and your beloved ones,” Chris says. 11．A．reaching out B．hanging out C．keeping up D．catching up 12．A．threat B．request C．decision D．proposal 13．A．Suffering from B．Depending on C．Living through D．Running across 14．A．attempts B．options C．strategies D．challenges 15．A．anxious B．grateful C．responsible D．necessary 16．A．growth B．success C．promotion D．graduation 17．A．ensure B．identify C．observe D．sponsor 18．A．dreams B．records C．creations D．memories 19．A．story B．insight C．reflection D．overview 20．A．actually B．obviously C．unexpectedly D．gradually 21．A．Impressed B．Attracted C．Urged D．Inspired 22．A．explores B．updates C．contributes D．discusses 23．A．tips B．cases C．documents D．principles 24．A．precious B．tough C．suitable D．unusual 25．A．Defend B．Approach C．Forgive D．Cherish 高考核心词汇 演练 · 高考高频词汇精选背诵（O字母） 1. obesity 2. overcome 3. outgoing 4. outlet 5. occur 6. overlook 7. overnight 8. obscure 9. objective 10. offend 11. outrage 12. obsession 13. oblige 14. opponent 15. odour 16. obedient 17. observe 18. overall 19. outlook 20. ornament 21. obstacle 22. oppose 23. outline 24. offspring 25. obtain 26. oppress 27. outcome 28. orchestra 29. outstanding 30. optional 31. orphanage 32. orchard 33. occasional 34. ownership 35. orient 36. optimistic 37. occupy 38. overtake 39. optical 40. overwhelming · 高考核心词汇检测 1. If you are ______ by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it. A. overwhelmed B. overtaken C. overcome D.observed 2. A lack of qualifications can be a major ______ in finding a job. A. occupation B. obstacle C. opposition D.objection 3. Built on prominent sites ______ the surrounding areas, castles served as a daily reminder of the lord's strength. A. owning B. omitting C.overlooking D.obtaining 4. They are cautiously ______ about the outcome of the talks. A. opposite B. objective C.outgoing D.optimistic 5. Home ______ has been an overwhelming and innate desire of the British. A. occasion B. ownership C.occurrence D. ornament 6. He’s not easy to get on with. He easily takes _______ at the slightest things. A. option B. offence C. opponent D. output 7. If you can give me a couple of envelopes I'll be _______ you for your assistance. A. occupied with B. obliged to C. peculiar to D. qualified for 8. Mr. Thomason was always _________, even when things were at their worst. A. obvious B. optical C. pessimistic D. optimistic 9. Given the chance, John might have become a (an) __________ painter. A. outstanding B. occasional C. odd D. obedient 10. The book gives a brief _______ of the course of his research up till now. A. outlook B. outline C. outlet D. output 11. Collecting stamps _______ almost all of his spare time. A. occupies B. overhears C. outlets D.overflows 12. Do you agree creativity always _______ when you are in a good mood? A. obeys B. occurs C. oppresses D.operates 13. It was said that the young professor _______ the headmaster's proposal in public. A. occupied with B. obsessed with C. objected to D.owed to 14. If you feel dizzy in a room for lack of ______, open the window and air the room at once. A. onion B. hydrogen C. oxygen D.odour 15. Although there were several problems in reaching this target, the___ was highly successful. A. organization B. outcome C.orchestra D. quality 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第13讲：阅读理解长难句分析+题型综合练+高考核心词汇进阶 内容导航 目录 内容 语法精选：阅读理解长难句分析 “结构分析法” “意群阅读法” 题型综合练 语法填空（说明文） 完形填空（记叙文） 高考核心词汇积累 O字母高考核心词汇 课堂精讲 一、长难句的基本特征 一）、含多重从句和修饰语的复合句 简要概述 主句中嵌套两个及以上从句（定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等），同时叠加形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词等修饰成分，句子层级多、修饰信息繁杂，容易分不清主干与修饰部分。解题关键：先抓主谓主干，再逐层剥离各类修饰、从句。 例句 I believe that the travel plan which our teacher recommended will offer us a great chance that we can explore the ancient city in Peru. 句子分析 1. 主干：I believe…（主谓宾） 2. 第一层：that 引导宾语从句作 believe 的宾语； 3. 宾语从句主干：the travel plan will offer us a great chance； 4. which our teacher recommended：定语从句，修饰先行词 the travel plan； 5. that we can explore the ancient city in Peru：第二个定语从句，修饰先行词 chance； 翻译：我相信老师推荐的这份旅行方案会给我们提供一次探索秘鲁这座古城的绝佳机会。 二）、分隔结构和成分省略的干扰 简要概述 1. 分隔结构：本应紧密相连的主谓、动宾、先行词与定语从句被插入语、状语、同位语等成分隔开，造成阅读断裂； 2. 成分省略：状语从句中主语与主句主语一致且含 be 动词时，省略主语 + be，只剩非谓语、形容词等，容易误判句子成分。 例句 1（分隔结构） The girl, who comes from a small mountain village, won the gold medal that all the athletes dreamed of. 分析：先行词 the girl 和谓语 won 被 who 引导的定语从句分隔，主干：The girl won the gold medal。 翻译：这位来自小山村的女孩拿下了所有运动员都梦寐以求的金牌。 例句 2（省略结构） When (you are) travelling in the Amazon rainforest, you should follow your local guide closely. 分析：时间状语从句省略主语 you 和 be 动词 are，还原后为 When you are travelling…； 翻译：在亚马孙雨林旅行时，你要紧跟着当地向导。 三）、正常语序的改变（倒装、强调等特殊句式） 简要概述 打破 “主语 + 谓语” 常规语序，常出现全部倒装、部分倒装、表语前置倒装、it 强调句型等，目的是突出某一成分，容易找不到句子真正主语和谓语，需要先还原为正常语序再分析。 例句 Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. 句子分析 1. 句式：表语前置引发全部倒装； 2. 还原正常语序：The Incas’ dry stone method of building is especially amazing. 3. 主干：主语 the Incas’ dry stone method of building，系动词 is，表语 amazing； 翻译：印加人的干石建筑技艺令人格外惊叹。 二、长难句的分类 一）、简单句中的长难句 概述 句子只有一套主谓结构（只有一个谓语动词），没有从句，之所以变长变难，是因为叠加了大量修饰成分：介词短语、非谓语动词（to do /doing/done）、形容词短语、同位语、插入语等，用来修饰主语、宾语、状语，容易掩盖句子主干。 解题技巧：剥离所有修饰成分，只保留主谓（宾）。 例句 Many tourists from different countries walking along the narrow coastal road hope to explore the ancient cultural sites in Peru. 句子分析 1. 主干（唯一一套主谓）：Many tourists hope to explore the ancient cultural sites 2. 修饰成分： ① from different countries（介词短语后置修饰 tourists） ② walking along the narrow coastal road（现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 tourists） 3. 翻译：许多来自不同国家、行走在狭长沿海公路上的游客都希望去探访秘鲁的古文化遗址。 典型简单长难句（带插入语） Adam, a new freshman at senior high school, with careful planning and hard work, finally got a chance to join the volunteer club. 主干：Adam finally got a chance；其余均为插入语、介词短语修饰。 二）、并列句中的长难句 概述 由并列连词（and, but, so, or, for, while 等）连接两个或多个独立的简单句，每个分句都有自己独立的主谓结构。句子难点在于：多个分句层层罗列，同时每个分句内部又带有各类修饰短语，信息量大，容易分不清分句边界。 解题技巧：先找并列连词，切分各个独立分句，再分别找每个分句主干。 例句 I wanted to sign up for advanced literature and join the school football team, but the coach told me I was not skilled enough, so I chose to take part in a volunteer club instead. 句子分析 1. 并列连词：but、so，切分为三个并列分句： 分句 1：I wanted to sign up for advanced literature and join the school football team 分句 2：the coach told me I was not skilled enough 分句 3：I chose to take part in a volunteer club instead 2. 说明：三个分句地位平等，无主从关系；第二个分句内部嵌套了省略引导词的宾语从句，属于分句内小修饰。 3. 翻译：我原本想报名高级文学课程并加入校足球队，可教练说我的技术还不够好，于是我转而加入了一家志愿者社团。 三）、复合句中的长难句（高考阅读理解最常考） 概述 由主句 + 一个或多个从句构成，存在主次关系。从句依附主句，不能独立成句，分为三大类：定语从句、名词性从句（宾语 / 主语 / 表语 / 同位语从句）、状语从句。难点在于从句多层嵌套，从句中再套从句，外加非谓语、介词短语修饰，极易混淆主句主谓。 解题技巧：先锁定主句主谓，再逐个拆分嵌套从句，明确从句修饰对象。 例句 I believe that the travelling experience which we will gain in Peru will help us become more confident people who dare to explore unknown things in our life. 句子逐层分析 1. 主句：I believe… 2. 第一层：that 引导宾语从句（作 believe 的宾语） 宾语从句主干：the travelling experience will help us become more confident people 3. 第二层：which we will gain in Peru 定语从句，修饰先行词 the travelling experience 4. 第三层：who dare to explore unknown things in our life 定语从句，修饰先行词 people 5. 翻译：我相信我们即将在秘鲁收获的旅行经历，会让我们成为更自信、敢于探索人生未知事物的人。 拓展：并列复合句（高频混合类） 很多长难句是「并列句 + 复合句」的结合，既存在并列连词，又有主从嵌套，属于前两类的混合： 例：We wanted to visit Machu Picchu, but because we missed the flight, we had to change our travel plan which our teacher had made weeks ago. 三、长难句的理解技巧 （一）“结构分析法” 所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。 方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分 较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。 ①However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. [分析]　此句的主语为“many scientists”，主语后跟一个由who引导的定语从句。主句有两个谓语，即are doubtful和say, say后面又接了一个宾语从句。 ②Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. [分析]　此句的主语为“Some companies”，句中有两个谓语，即have made和emphasize。 ③At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute (道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. [分析]　此句的主语为“a microcomputer”，也有两个谓语，即locks 和sets。 方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词 ①The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing. ②Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted. [分析]　第①句中的and和第②句中的and都是并列连词，各自连接两个并列单句。 方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词 Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. [分析]　Whereas引导了一个从句，即“a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage”， 而“it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say”为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。 “he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa”为省略从属连词that 的宾语从句，从句中又含有not ... until引导的时间状语从句，时间状语从句所在的主、从句中又各含有一个宾语从句：“his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble” (省略连接词that)；与“if he could sleep on the sofa” (从属连词if)。 方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 1.先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句 If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson”， and “Webster”， but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English — William, the Conqueror. [分析]　首先找到并列连词but，推知：If you ask ... “Webster”为but连接的第一分句，“none of these men ... the Conqueror”为第二分句；第一分句中含if引导的条件状语从句，从句中又含有who引导的定语从句；第二分句中含who引导的定语从句。 （二）“意群阅读法” 一个句子可根据意思和语法结构分成若干小段，每一小段称之为一个意群。意群可以是一个词，一个词组或短语，也可以是一个并列句的分句或复合句的主句、从句等。此方法有助于提高阅读速度和理解的准确性。例如： ①When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，②an unbelted driver would meet the windshield (挡风玻璃) ③with a force equal to diving headfirst (头向前地) into the ground from a height of 10 meters. [分析]　①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导的介词短语作状语。这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。 意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。 When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters. 批注：①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。 四、长难句的分析步骤 一般来说，按“先干后枝”的原则处理，即按“主句→从句→修饰语”的顺序进行。具体步骤如下： 1.第一步：整句结构分析。通过语法分析，迅速弄清整个句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架，确定整个句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。 典例讲解 【例1】“I felt there was a need for a book like this.” she says. “I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self­controlled and do our part in managing the disease.” 批注：整个句子是个简单句，即：she says“…”。只不过，前后两个引号为两个并列的宾语从句。第一处引号“I felt there was a need for a book like this.”的主语为I，felt后跟了一个宾语从句“there was a need for a book like this”。第二处引号“I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self­controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”由but连接两个分句，第二个分句有主句I wanted other diabetics to know…， 宾语从句that things get better 及时间状语从句when we're self­controlled and do our part in managing the disease。 2. 第二步：主干成分确定。找出句子的核心成分，确定主句的主语和谓语。 【例2】Miss Germaine's mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell's parents are reported to be less than delighted. 批注：本句由两个分句组成，and连接两个并列单句。句意： Germaine小姐的母亲在整个婚礼过程中看上去很焦虑，Cordell先生的父母亲据报道也不开心。 3. 第三步：从句功能分析。找出句中从句的引导词，分析从句类型(是否为定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句等)和从句之间及从句和主句之间的关系。 【例3】Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 批注：whereas引导了一个从句，即 a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, 而it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式 to hear a man…。省略to的不定式say作宾语补足语，say后面接了一个宾语从句he didn't know，know后面又接了一个宾语从句his friend's marriage was in serious trouble和时间状语从句until he appeared one night，现在分词短语asking 作伴随状语，asking 后面又接了一个宾语从句if he could sleep on the sofa。 句意：一个女人最亲密的女友，很可能第一个奉劝她结束不幸的婚姻。然而，我们常听到男人说，他是在朋友突然来到自己家里并要求睡在沙发上时，才明白朋友的婚姻有了麻烦。 4.第四步：短语功能分析。找出非谓语动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语等短语，分析其功能以及它们与谓语动词/非谓语动词/从句/主句之间的关系等。 【例4】If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”， but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn't even speak English — William the Conqueror. 批注：首先找出并列复合句，即but连接的两个句子，再看but前的并列句中有一个if引导的条件状语从句，but后的并列句中有一个who引导的定语从句，修饰a man。句意：如果你要求别人说出对英语的影响最大的人，你可能会得到像“Shakespeare”， “Samuel Johnson”和 “Webster”之类的答案。但是与一个甚至不会说英语的人——“征服者”William相比，这些人就毫无影响力了。 注意: 复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词, 找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构, 清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。 总结： 表示目的：so that, for the purpose that, in order that等； 表示结果：so…that…, such…that…, as a result, therefore, thus等； 表示条件：if, on condition that, unless等； 表示原因：because, since, as等。 课堂精练 一、长难句阅读练习： 1. Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虚拟的)LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens. (the sixth paragraph) While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can ______. A. get a general idea of the LoB B. meet many world­famous experts C. learn how to put up a library building D. understand how the specialists work on the project 2. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood? 　　A. She had seven brothers. 　　B. She felt herself unimportant. C. She was too shy to go to school. D. She did not have any good teachers. 3. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. What do we know about the Internet according to the passage? 　　A. It makes IP rights harder to protect. 　　B. It sells songs and films. 　　C. It does not affect the way we understand IP rights. 　　D. It prevents the production of artwork. 4. Their study found that the bromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment, “while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem, ” said Professor Peter Barnes. According to Professor Barnes, the obromine______. 　　A. cannot be as effective as codeine 　　B. can be harmful to people’s health 　　C. cannot be separated from chocolate D. can be a more effective cure for coughs 5. Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth’s surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth’s surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet. Only a small part of the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface because most of it is______. 　　A. absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere 　　B. reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere 　　C. lost in the upper and lower atmosphere D. used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes Keys： 1.A　 考查细节理解，其实质就是对复杂句子的理解。根据“Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.”可知当参观数字化图书馆时公众可以了解LoB。 2.B 译文：作为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩, 她常常有一种感觉, 就是她拥有“七个父亲”, 原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲都想控制她。由于羞怯和觉得无地位的缘故, 她总是埋头苦读。尽管她酷爱读书, 可是在小学她的成绩不佳, 因为她太害羞而不能积极地参与。 3.A 译文：在那个时代, 知识产权很容易受到保护, 因为不付费想得到知识产权是很困难的。然而, 现在许多知识产权包括歌曲、电影、书籍和艺术品通过使用因特网都可以免费下载。 4.D 译文：目前, 可卡因是最佳的止咳药物, 可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱, 其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得•巴恩斯教授说道：“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。 5.C 译文：来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面, 这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中, 有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射, 剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。 2、 运用长难句分析技巧分析下列长难句，并翻译成汉语 1．This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. [分析]　which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease是从句，破折号后面的the very thing the medical community was trying to fight是对和的补充说明。 翻译：作为医学界为了抵抗心脏病而发起的这股潮流也有一些难以预料的副作用，如过度肥胖和心脏病，而这正是医学界试图抵制的。 2．The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. [分析]　but连接两个并列分句。第二分句中，“relatively speaking”是，“because they heard the alarm and knew what to do”是从句。 [翻译]　通常对第一株植物的伤害更严重，但是相对来说，邻居们会更安全，因为它们听到了警报并知道做什么。 3．If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed. [分析]　“If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter”是if引导的从句。so后面表示结果，在此部分中“that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed”是“the hint”的从句，该从句中又含有when引导的从句。 [翻译]如果有人敲门且不是什么重要的事情，就给自己找个借口，并让那个人知道你很忙，这样他们就能得到暗示，那就是当门关着时，你不想被打扰。 4．Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired，not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble. [分析]　连词and连接两个并列复合句，第一个分句中，suppose后是省略了that的从句。第二个分句中，“that could get you in trouble”为从句，修饰先行词。 [翻译]假设你很忙，感觉很累，注意力不在电脑屏幕上，这时你发了一封可能会使你陷入麻烦中的邮件。 5．Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. [分析]　句中when引导一个从句；主语从句为主句的主语，that引导从句，在这个从句中，what引导的从句作时间状语；what may be implied;表语；表语；consider;宾语 翻译：因此，当一个来自这些文化群体之一的人在讲话的时候突然停住了，可能那个人是在继续(讲话)之前暗示听众去思考他之前说了什么。 题型组合训练 演练 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For tourists 1 (admire) the charming landscapes of Beijing’s architectural wonders such as the Forbidden City, they are attracted by the vision of young women in Manchu costumes once 2 (dress) by royal ladies of the Qing Dynasty. Their presence brings about a reinterpretation of traditional Chinese art. For people 3 are interested in all the colorful costumes, a must-see place is the Museum of Ethnic Costumes that draws their attention to the 4 (country) other ethnic groups. Located in the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology (BIFT) is the museum, a treasure-house of cultural heritage. It was 5 (official) set up in 2000 as China’s main institution for clothing culture. It has collected more than 10,000 items, including clothing, jewelry, fabrics, batik and embroidery from 6 (vary) ethnic groups, and displays nearly a thousand photographs that document the traditional dresses of ethnic groups. The effort 7 (collect) these ethnic costumes was challenging. While Han clothing is widely available, the clothing of the 55 other ethnic groups posed 8 challenge in terms of its collection and preservation. Since 1988, when the museum was still being prepared, the study and conservation of ethnic costumes 9 (support) by the faculty members of BIFT. The effort was more than mere collecting. It was a mission to protect and document traditional craftsmanship. The museum also undertook the task of repairing and conserving costumes 10 research. 【答案】 1．admiring 2．dressed 3．who/that 4．country’s 5．officially 6．various 7．to collect 8．a 9．have been supported 10．for 【导语】本文主要介绍北京服装学院的民族服饰博物馆的馆藏、建馆历程、收集保护民族服饰的艰辛及其文化使命。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于欣赏故宫等北京建筑奇观迷人景色的游客来说，她们被身着清代宫廷女性曾穿着的满族服饰的年轻女子的身影所吸引。本句已有谓语are attracted，空处为非谓语动词，tourists与admire为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于欣赏故宫等北京建筑奇观迷人景色的游客来说，她们被身着清代宫廷女性曾穿着的满族服饰的年轻女子的身影所吸引。空处修饰Manchu costumes，costumes与dress为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 3．考查定语从句。句意：对于所有对色彩丰富的服饰感兴趣的人来说，民族服饰博物馆是必去之地，它将人们的目光引向这个国家的其他少数民族。本句为定语从句，先行词是people，指代人，从句缺少主语，用关系代词who/that。 4．考查名词所有格。句意：对于所有对色彩丰富的服饰感兴趣的人来说，民族服饰博物馆是必去之地，它将人们的目光引向这个国家的其他少数民族。空处修饰名词词组other ethnic groups，需用名词所有格country’s，表示“国家的”。 5．考查副词。句意：它于2000年正式成立，是中国主要的服饰文化机构。空处修饰动词短语set up，需用副词officially“正式地”作状语。 6．考查形容词。句意：它收藏了一万多件物品，包括来自各个少数民族的服装、珠宝、面料、蜡染和刺绣，还展出近千张记录少数民族传统服饰的照片。空处修饰名词ethnic groups，需用形容词various“各种各样的”作定语。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：收集这些民族服饰的工作颇具挑战性。空处作后置定语修饰名词effort，固定搭配the effort to do sth.，故用不定式。 8．考查冠词。句意：虽然汉服随处可得，但其他55个少数民族的服饰在收集和保存方面构成了一项挑战。空处修饰可数名词单数challenge，表示泛指“一项挑战”，challenge为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 9．考查时态和语态。句意：自1988年博物馆筹备之初起，民族服饰的研究与保护工作一直得到北京服装学院教职工的支持。根据Since 1988可知用现在完成时，主语the study and conservation与support为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数概念，助动词用have。 10．考查介词。句意：该博物馆还承担着服饰修复、保护与研究的工作。表目的和用途，意为“用于研究的服饰修护保存工作”，用介词for。故填for。 二、完形填空 At 29 years old, Chris Punsalan isn’t exactly living a typical, 20-something life. While his peers are 11 with friends, partying, traveling, or chasing their dreams, he’s at home, taking care of his 97-year-old grandmother. In 2015, Chris and his family were faced with the difficult 12 of what to do with his aging grandmother. 13 severe health problems, she could no longer take care of herself. The family had two 14 : to send her to a care center or to find a full-time caregiver. In his final semester of college, seeing his grandmother in poor health, Chris determined to be 15 for looking after his beloved grandmother after 16 . It was, after all, she that had taken all the troubles to 17 his growing up happily. As a digital content creator and musician, Chris is keen on preserving 18 . In 2019, to give the world a(n) 19 into life as a caregiver, he posted a video online. And 20 , his video went viral! He and his grandmother became famous overnight. 21 by the reaction his video received, Chris now regularly 22 their daily activities and heart-warming interactions. He also posts many helpful 23 for others who find themselves in similar caregiving situations. While Chris may have discovered fame with his grandmother, it’s the 24 time they spend together that means the most to him. “Life is so fragile. 25 your grandparents and your beloved ones,” Chris says. 11．A．reaching out B．hanging out C．keeping up D．catching up 12．A．threat B．request C．decision D．proposal 13．A．Suffering from B．Depending on C．Living through D．Running across 14．A．attempts B．options C．strategies D．challenges 15．A．anxious B．grateful C．responsible D．necessary 16．A．growth B．success C．promotion D．graduation 17．A．ensure B．identify C．observe D．sponsor 18．A．dreams B．records C．creations D．memories 19．A．story B．insight C．reflection D．overview 20．A．actually B．obviously C．unexpectedly D．gradually 21．A．Impressed B．Attracted C．Urged D．Inspired 22．A．explores B．updates C．contributes D．discusses 23．A．tips B．cases C．documents D．principles 24．A．precious B．tough C．suitable D．unusual 25．A．Defend B．Approach C．Forgive D．Cherish 【答案】 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．C 16．D 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．A 25．D 【导语】青年克里斯放弃同龄人玩乐生活，毕业后亲自照料年迈祖母，拍摄护工日常视频意外走红。他持续分享暖心日常与照料建议，并呼吁世人珍惜陪伴亲人的宝贵时光。 【详解】11．考查动词短语。句意：当同龄人都和朋友闲逛、参加派对、旅行或是追逐梦想时，他却在家照顾97岁的祖母。A. reaching out伸出援手；B. hanging out闲逛；C. keeping up跟上；D. catching up叙旧。根据后文“partying, traveling, or chasing their dreams”可知，这些是年轻人休闲娱乐的活动，hang out with friends，为固定搭配，表示“和朋友外出闲逛”，符合语境。 12．考查名词。句意：2015年，克里斯一家面临着如何安置年迈祖母这一艰难抉择。A. threat威胁；B. request请求；C. decision决定；D. proposal提议。根据后文“to send her to a care center or to find a full-time caregiver”可知，家人有两种安置方案，需要做出决定。 13．考查动词短语。句意：她身患多种严重疾病，已经无法自理。A. Suffering from遭受（病痛）；B. Depending on依靠；C. Living through熬过；D. Running across偶遇。根据后文“severe health problems”以及语境可知，此处指祖母长期受病痛折磨，suffering from常搭配各类疾病，符合语境。 14．考查名词。句意：家人有两个选择：送她去护理中心或是聘请全职护工。A. attempts尝试；B. options选择；C. strategies策略；D. challenge 挑战。根据后文“to send her to a care center or to find a full-time caregiver”列出两种不同的安置方案可知，这是可供家人挑选的途径。 15．考查形容词。句意：大学最后一学期，看到祖母身体不好，克里斯决定毕业后主动承担照顾心爱祖母的责任。A. anxious焦虑的；B. grateful感恩的；C. responsible负责的；D. necessary必要的。根据后文“looking after his beloved grandmother”以及语境可知，此处指克里斯亲自负责照料祖母，be responsible for，是固定搭配，表示“对……负责”。 16．考查名词。句意：大学最后一学期，看到祖母身体不好，克里斯决定毕业后主动承担照顾心爱祖母的责任。A. growth成长；B. success成功；C. promotion升职；D. graduation毕业。根据前文“In his final semester of college”可知，此时临近大学毕业，此处指代毕业之后照顾祖母。 17．考查动词。句意：毕竟，当年是她不辞辛劳，保障他快乐长大。A. ensure确保，保障；B. identify识别；C. observe观察；D. sponsor赞助。根据后文“his growing up happily”以及语境可知，此处指祖母将克里斯抚养长大，尽力确保让他拥有快乐的成长过程。 18．考查名词。句意：身为数字内容创作者兼音乐人，克里斯热衷于留存回忆。A. dreams梦想；B. records记录；C. creations创作；D. memories回忆。根据后文“he posted a video online”描述他发表自己和祖母相处的日常视频可知，此处指克里斯用视频来留存二人相伴的时光。 19．考查名词。句意：2019年，为了让大众深入了解护工的真实生活，他在网上发布了一段视频。A. story故事；B. insight深入了解；C. reflection反思；D. overview概述。根据后文“into life as a caregiver”以及语境可知，这里考查固定搭配give an insight into，表示“让他人深入知晓某件事”，符合语境。 20．考查副词。句意：出人意料的是，他的视频迅速走红！A. actually实际上；B. obviously明显地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据后文“He and his grandmother became famous overnight”以及语境可知，此处指视频一夜爆火是他没有预料到的。 21．考查形容词。句意：被视频收获的大量正面反响鼓舞，克里斯现在定期更新两人的日常和暖心互动。A. Impressed印象深刻的；B. Attracted被吸引的；C. Urged被催促的；D. Inspired受到鼓舞的。根据后文“Chris now regularly 　　　　 their daily activities and heart-warming interactions”描述他持续发布日常视频可知，此处指网友的反馈激励了他。 22．考查动词。句意：被视频收获的大量正面反响鼓舞，克里斯现在定期更新两人的日常和暖心互动。A. explores探索；B. updates更新（线上动态）；C. contributes贡献；D. discusses讨论。根据前文“he posted a video online”描述克里斯在网络平台发布视频可知，此处指他持续上传新的生活片段、更新账号动态。 23．考查名词。句意：他也为其他同样需要照料老人的网友分享许多实用建议。A. tips小贴士，实用建议；B. cases案例；C. documents文件；D. principles准则。根据后文“for others who find themselves in similar caregiving situations”以及语境可知，此处指面向有照护老人困扰的人群分享实用照料方法。 24．考查形容词。句意：虽然克里斯因和祖母的视频收获名气，但对他来说，二人相伴的珍贵时光才最为重要。A. precious珍贵的；B. tough艰难的；C. suitable合适的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据后文“Life is so fragile”可知，生命短暂，和亲人相伴的时光十分珍贵。 25．考查动词。句意：“生命如此脆弱，请珍惜你的祖父母与挚爱之人。”克里斯说道。A. Defend守护；B. Approach靠近；C. Forgive原谅；D. Cherish珍惜。根据前文“Life is so fragile”感慨生命脆弱可知，此处呼吁大家重视、爱惜身边亲人。 高考核心词汇 演练 · 高考高频词汇精选背诵（O字母） 1. obesity 2. overcome 3. outgoing 4. outlet 5. occur 6. overlook 7. overnight 8. obscure 9. objective 10. offend 11. outrage 12. obsession 13. oblige 14. opponent 15. odour 16. obedient 17. observe 18. overall 19. outlook 20. ornament 21. obstacle 22. oppose 23. outline 24. offspring 25. obtain 26. oppress 27. outcome 28. orchestra 29. outstanding 30. optional 31. orphanage 32. orchard 33. occasional 34. ownership 35. orient 36. optimistic 37. occupy 38. overtake 39. optical 40. overwhelming · 高考核心词汇检测 1. If you are ______ by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it. A. overwhelmed B. overtaken C. overcome D.observed 2. A lack of qualifications can be a major ______ in finding a job. A. occupation B. obstacle C. opposition D.objection 3. Built on prominent sites ______ the surrounding areas, castles served as a daily reminder of the lord's strength. A. owning B. omitting C.overlooking D.obtaining 4. They are cautiously ______ about the outcome of the talks. A. opposite B. objective C.outgoing D.optimistic 5. Home ______ has been an overwhelming and innate desire of the British. A. occasion B. ownership C.occurrence D. ornament 6. He’s not easy to get on with. He easily takes _______ at the slightest things. A. option B. offence C. opponent D. output 7. If you can give me a couple of envelopes I'll be _______ you for your assistance. A. occupied with B. obliged to C. peculiar to D. qualified for 8. Mr. Thomason was always _________, even when things were at their worst. A. obvious B. optical C. pessimistic D. optimistic 9. Given the chance, John might have become a (an) __________ painter. A. outstanding B. occasional C. odd D. obedient 10. The book gives a brief _______ of the course of his research up till now. A. outlook B. outline C. outlet D. output 11. Collecting stamps _______ almost all of his spare time. A. occupies B. overhears C. outlets D.overflows 12. Do you agree creativity always _______ when you are in a good mood? A. obeys B. occurs C. oppresses D.operates 13. It was said that the young professor _______ the headmaster's proposal in public. A. occupied with B. obsessed with C. objected to D.owed to 14. If you feel dizzy in a room for lack of ______, open the window and air the room at once. A. onion B. hydrogen C. oxygen D.odour 15. Although there were several problems in reaching this target, the___ was highly successful. A. organization B. outcome C.orchestra D. quality 参考答案： 1~5 ABCDB 6~10 BBDAB 11~15. ABCCB 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $