第4讲 Unit 1核心词汇（暑假预习讲义）（知识全梳理&考点精准练）新九年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第4讲 U1核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握青少年压力、情绪主题词汇及全套词性转换； · 熟练运用单词固定搭配、动词不定式句型； · 区分 lonely/alone、stressed/stressful 等易混形容词； · 能完成词形、语法、阅读各类题型，可书面描述青少年心理烦恼。 学习重点 · 词根变形：名词、动词、形容词、副词互换； · 高频搭配：struggle to do、admit doing、be nervous about 等； · 形容词辨析：修饰人 - ed / 修饰物 - ing、lonely 与 alone； · 时态、非谓语、比较级结合词汇填空。 学习难点 · lonely（内心孤独）和 alone（独自一人）语义区分； · stressed/stressful、emotional 等同根形容词语境选用； · admit/struggle/decide 等后非谓语固定用法； · 短文语境判断词性、时态变形。 1. teenage 音标：/ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ 词性：adj. 十几岁的（指 13 至 19 岁）；青少年的 派生词：teenager n. 青少年；teens n. 十几岁（13-19 岁） 用法：形容词，修饰名词作定语 短语：teenage problems 青少年烦恼；teenage life 青少年生活 中考例句：Many teenage students have trouble dealing with stress. 译文：很多十几岁的学生难以应对压力。 【典例】( ) We should pay more attention to mental health. A. teenage B. teenager C. teens 答案：A 【即练 1】用所给词适当形式填空 Three (teenage) took part in the speech competition yesterday. 答案：teenagers 【即练 2】翻译句子 青少年时期的压力会影响人的情绪。 答案：Stress in teenage years can influence people's emotions. 2. stress 音标：/stres/ 词性：n. 压力 v. 强调；使焦虑 派生词：stressful adj. 充满压力的；stressed adj. 感到有压力的 用法：n. 不可数 / 可数；v. 后接名词 /that 从句 短语：under stress 在压力下；stress out 使焦虑不堪 中考例句：Too much stress is bad for teenagers' health. 译文：过多压力对青少年的健康有害。 【典例】( ) He always feels before exams because of heavy study . A. stress; stressful B. stressed; stress C. stressful; stressed 答案：B 【即练 1】填空 Many students are (stress) about their schoolwork these days. 答案：stressed 【即练 2】翻译 老师强调了平衡学习与休息的重要性。 答案：The teacher stressed the importance of balancing study and rest. 3. emotion 音标：/ɪˈməʊʃn/ 词性：n. 情感；情绪 派生词：emotional adj. 情感的；情绪激动的 用法：可数名词，常用复数 emotions；形容词 emotional 修饰名词 短语：control one's emotions 控制情绪；emotional problems 情绪问题 中考例句：It's normal to have different emotions when facing difficulties. 译文：面对困难时产生不同情绪是正常的。 【典例】( ) She is an girl and she shows her easily. A. emotion; emotional B. emotional; emotions C. emotions; emotion 答案：B 【即练 1】词形转换 Talking with friends can solve your (emotion) trouble. 答案：emotional 【即练 2】同义句改写 He can't manage his feelings well. = He can't control his well. 答案：emotions 4. pressure 音标：/ˈpreʃə(r)/ 词性：n. 心理压力；紧张；压力 派生词：press v. 按压；逼迫 用法：不可数名词，常与 under 搭配 短语：under great pressure 在巨大压力下；mental pressure 精神压力 中考例句：Parents shouldn't put too much pressure on their kids. 译文：父母不应该给孩子施加太多压力。 【典例】( ) Many teenagers live heavy pressure from study. A. in B. under C. with 答案：B 【即练 1】翻译短语 来自同龄人的压力 答案：peer pressure 【即练 2】填空 The (press) of exams makes him stay up late every night. 答案：pressure 5. struggle 音标：/ˈstrʌɡl/ 词性：v. 挣扎；奋力；艰难应对 n. 难事，斗争 派生词：struggling adj. 挣扎的；艰难前行的 用法：struggle to do sth 努力做某事；struggle with sth 与…… 作斗争 短语：struggle with stress 与压力抗争；struggle to finish homework 艰难完成作业 中考例句：He struggled to control his bad moods after losing the game. 译文：输掉比赛后，他努力控制自己的坏情绪。 【典例】( ) The little boy struggled reach the book on the shelf. A. to B. with C. for 答案：A 【即练 1】同义替换 She has difficulty learning physics. = She with physics. 答案：struggles 【即练 2】翻译句子 很多青少年在平衡学业和爱好上苦苦挣扎。 答案：Lots of teenagers struggle with balancing schoolwork and hobbies. 6. continue 音标：/kənˈtɪnjuː/ 词性：v. 继续；持续 派生词：continuous adj. 持续不断的；continuation n. 延续 用法：continue to do /doing sth 继续做某事 短语：continue doing homework 继续写作业；continue on 坚持下去 中考例句：If you keep practicing, you will continue to make progress. 译文：如果你坚持练习，你会持续取得进步。 【典例】( ) After a short break, they continued their project. A. do B. to doing C. doing 答案：C 【即练 1】词形转换 The (continue) rain made us stay at home all weekend. 答案：continuous 【即练 2】同义句改写 He went on reading after dinner. = He reading after dinner. 答案：continued 7. admit 音标：/ədˈmɪt/ 词性：v. 承认；准许进入 派生词：admission n. 承认；准入 用法：admit doing sth 承认做某事；admit that 从句 短语：admit one's mistakes 承认错误 中考例句：You should admit breaking the window instead of lying. 译文：你应该承认打碎窗户，而不是撒谎。 【典例】( ) The boy admitted the ugly duckling story to his classmate. A. tell B. telling C. to tell 答案：B 【即练 1】填空 He refused the (admit) that he felt lonely at school. 答案：admission 【即练 2】翻译 她承认自己曾被学业压力压垮。 答案：She admitted being defeated by school pressure. 8. reflection 音标：/rɪˈflekʃn/ 词性：n. 反映；反思；倒影 派生词：reflect v. 反映；反思；反射 用法：a reflection of …… 的体现；reflect on sth 反思某事 短语：a reflection of one's mood 情绪的写照；self reflection 自我反思 中考例句：Your appearance is a reflection of your inner heart. 译文：你的外表是你内心的写照。 【典例】( ) The story the hardship of poor weavers, which is a true of real life. A. reflects; reflection B. reflection; reflects C. reflect; reflections 答案：A 【即练 1】动词转换 Take time to (reflection) on your teenage problems. 答案：reflect 【即练 2】选词填空 (reflection /reflect) This painting is a of the writer's bitter childhood. 答案：reflection 9. treasure 音标：/ˈtreʒə(r)/ 词性：n. 极贵重的物品；珍宝 v. 珍视；珍爱 派生词：treasured adj. 珍贵的，珍视的 用法：n. 可数 / 不可数；v. treasure sth 珍惜某物 短语：national treasure 国宝；treasure friendship 珍惜友谊 中考例句：We should treasure every chance to communicate with our parents. 译文：我们应当珍惜每一次和父母沟通的机会。 【典例】( ) Time is a hidden that we must . A. treasure; treasure B. treasures; treasured C. treasured; treasure 答案：A 【即练 1】翻译短语 国宝 答案：national treasure 【即练 2】词形转换 This old photo is my most (treasure) memory. 答案：treasured 10. nervous 音标：/ˈnɜːvəs/ 词性：adj. 紧张的；焦虑的 派生词：nervously adv. 紧张地；nervousness n. 紧张 用法：be nervous about sth 对某事感到紧张 短语：feel nervous 感到紧张；nervous about the rehearsal 为排练紧张 中考例句：She felt nervous before she rehearsed her speech on stage. 译文：上台排练演讲前，她感到十分紧张。 【典例】( ) The girl laughed because she was nervous the coming show. A. nervous; about B. nervously; about C. nervously; with 答案：B 【即练 1】词形转换 His (nervous) stopped him from speaking loudly in public. 答案：nervousness 【即练 2】同义句改写 He worries a lot about the exam. = He is about the exam. 答案：nervous 11. none 音标：/nʌn/ 词性：pron. 没有一个；毫无 派生词：none of 没有…… 中任何一个 用法：none of + 复数名词 / 代词，谓语单复数均可；回答 how many/much 短语：none of my peers 我的同龄人中无一人 中考例句：None of the students wanted to give up when they struggled with stress. 译文：所有学生在与压力抗争时，没人想要放弃。 【典例】( ) —How many pieces of fairy tales did you read? — . I had no time. A. No one B. None C. Nobody 答案：B 【即练 1】改错（划出错误并改正） None of the water are left in the bottle. 答案：are → is 【即练 2】翻译句子 我的同龄人中没有一人承认自己害怕考试。 答案：None of my peers admitted feeling nervous about exams. 12. counsel 音标：/ˈkaʊnsl/ 词性：v. 提供专业咨询；劝告 n. 劝告；咨询 派生词：counsellor n. 顾问；心理咨询师 用法：counsel sb to do sth 劝告某人做某事 短语：school counsellor 学校心理咨询师；give counsel 给出建议 中考例句：The school counsellor counsels teenage students to deal with pressure properly. 译文：学校心理老师劝导青少年学生正确应对压力。 【典例】() The (counsel) often students to talk out their emotions. A. counsellor; counsels B. counsel; counsellors C. counsellors; counsel 答案：A 【即练 1】填空（词形转换） If you have emotional trouble, you can ask the school (counsel) for help. 答案：counsellor 【即练 2】同义句改写 He advised me to stop worrying about tiny things. = He me to stop worrying about tiny things. 答案：counselled 13. ugly 音标：/ˈʌɡli/ 词性：adj. 丑陋的；难看的 派生词：ugliness n. 丑陋；难看 用法：比较级 uglier，最高级 ugliest；修饰人 / 物 / 品格 短语：the ugly duckling 丑小鸭；ugly words 难听的话 中考例句：The ugly duckling finally turned into a beautiful white swan. 译文：丑小鸭最后变成了美丽的白天鹅。 【典例】( ) This duckling looks much than other ducks at first. A. ugly B. uglier C. ugliest 答案：B 【即练 1】词形转换 We should judge people by heart, not by the (ugly) or beauty of their looks. 答案：ugliness 【即练 2】翻译短语 丑小鸭 答案：the ugly duckling 14. lonely 音标：/ˈləʊnli/ 词性：adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的 派生词：alone adj.&adv. 独自的（无感情色彩）；loneliness n. 孤独 用法：lonely 侧重内心孤单；alone 侧重孤身一人 短语：feel lonely 感到孤单；a lonely village 偏僻的村庄 中考例句：Many teenagers feel lonely when they have no one to share feelings with. 译文：许多青少年无人倾诉时会感到孤独。 【典例】( ) He lives in a small house, but he never feels . A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. alone; alone 答案：B 【即练 1】词形转换 Writing diaries can help you get through (lonely). 答案：loneliness 【即练 2】选词填空 (lonely /alone) The boy sat by the window. 答案：lonely; alone 15. tiny 音标：/ˈtaɪni/ 词性：adj. 微小的；极小的 派生词：tinier 更小的；tiniest 最小的 用法：修饰可数名词，表尺寸、数量微小 短语：tiny mistakes 微小的失误；tiny drops of water 细小水滴 中考例句：Even tiny efforts will pay off if you keep continuing. 译文：只要你坚持下去，哪怕微小的努力也会得到回报。 【典例】( ) The insect is much than a grain of rice. A. tiny; tinier B. tinier; tiny C. tiniest; tiny 答案：A 【即练 1】同义替换 There is a very small hole on the wall. = There is a hole on the wall. 答案：tiny 【即练 2】翻译句子 微小的反思也能帮你解决青少年的烦恼。 答案：Tiny reflections can also help you solve teenage problems. 一、用单词的适当形式填空 1. Many ________ (teenage) students are learning to manage their own negative feelings in daily life. 2. The school ________ (counsel) often guides students to deal with behavioural problems properly. 3. It’s ________ (fool) to judge others only by their physical appearance. 4. Too much study work makes most students feel ________ (stress) during the final exam season. 5. Teenagers should learn to express their ________ (emotion) instead of hiding them. 6. Teachers pay close attention to students’ ________ (behave) changes during adolescence. 7. She struggled ________ (control) her nervousness before the ballet competition. 8. The little girl overcame many ________ (bitter) experiences and finally achieved her dream. 9. He ________ (admit) that he cared too much about his looks when he was young last week. 10. We should learn to ________ (treasure) every warm relationship around us. 11. The students are busy ________ (rehearse) for the coming school art show. 12. It is a great ________ (honour) to perform on the school’s biggest stage. 13. The sudden failure was a heavy ________ (blow) to her confidence. 14. She decided ________ (continue) her training even after facing huge pressure. 15. People living in ________ (poor) still keep a positive attitude towards life. 16. Her years of hard practice finally ________ (pay) off last month. 17. The ________ (appear) of pimples is very common for teenage boys and girls. 18. He felt ________ (lonely) than usual after moving to a new school. 19. The story is a true ________ (reflect) of teenage growth and struggles. 20. Parents always ________ (high) praise their children’s progress behind the scenes. 【答案与详细解析】 1. teenage 解析：用形容词teenage作定语修饰名词students，teenage students 青少年学生，为固定搭配。 2. counsellor 解析：句子缺主语，结合谓语guides（三单）可知主语为单数；school counsellor 校园心理咨询师，符合句意。 3. foolish 解析：固定句型 It’s + adj. + to do sth.，需将名词fool转化为形容词foolish（愚蠢的）。 4. stressed 解析：feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语；stressed （人）感到有压力的，修饰人，符合语境。 5. emotions 解析：their后接可数名词复数，emotion为可数名词，此处表示“各类情绪”，用复数形式。 6. behavioural 解析：用形容词behavioural作定语修饰名词changes，behavioural changes 行为变化。 7. to control 解析：固定搭配 struggle to do sth. 艰难做某事、努力做某事。 8. bitter 解析：用形容词bitter作定语修饰名词experiences，bitter experiences 痛苦的经历。 9. admitted 解析：时间状语last week为一般过去时标志，admit的过去式为admitted。 10. treasure 解析：learn to do sth. 学习做某事，to后接动词原形。 11. rehearsing 解析：固定搭配 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事。 12. honour 解析：固定句型 It’s a great honour to do sth. 做某事是莫大的荣幸。 13. blow 解析：固定搭配 a heavy blow 沉重的打击，blow此处为名词。 14. to continue 解析：固定搭配 decide to do sth. 决定做某事。 15. poverty 解析：固定搭配 live in poverty 生活贫困，介词in后接名词。 16. paid 解析：时间状语last month为一般过去时，pay off 取得回报，pay的过去式为paid。 17. appearance 解析：定冠词the后接名词，appear的名词形式appearance表示“出现、显现”。 18. lonelier 解析：than为比较级标志，lonely的比较级为lonelier，意为“更孤单的”。 19. reflection 解析：不定冠词a后接单数名词，reflect的名词形式reflection 反映、写照。 20. highly 解析：固定搭配 speak highly of 高度评价，副词highly修饰动词praise。 二、语法填空 每篇短文共8个空，全部使用本单元核心词汇，根据括号内提示词填写正确形式，考查时态、非谓语、词性转换、固定搭配等综合语法能力。 Passage 1：Teenage Pressure and Growth Nowadays, many 1. ________ (teenage) students face huge mental 2. ________ (press) in study and life. Some of them struggle 3. ________ (deal) with negative 4. ________ (emotion) and even develop small behavioural problems. The school 5. ________ (counsel) often advises students not to be6. ________ (stress) about small failures. We should not be 7. ________ (fool) by temporary difficulties and choose8. ________ (continue) moving forward bravely. 【答案与解析】 1. teenage 解析：形容词作定语，修饰students。 2. pressure 解析：形容词mental后接名词，pressure 压力。 3. to deal 解析：固定搭配struggle to do sth. 努力应对。 4. emotions 解析：复数表示泛指各类负面情绪。 5. counsellor 解析：单数名词作主语，指学校心理咨询老师。 6. stressed 解析：系动词be后接形容词，修饰人，表“感到压力的”。 7. fooled 解析：被动语态be fooled by 被……愚弄。 8. to continue 解析：固定搭配choose to do sth. 选择做某事。 Passage 2：Don’t Judge by Appearance It is common for teenagers to care about their 1. ________ (appear). Some feel upset because of 2. ________ (tiny) pimples on their faces or other small flaws. This kind of worry makes them 3. ________ (nervous) and lonely. We must 4. ________ (admit) that outer beauty is not the most important. Many classic 5. ________ (fairy tale) teach us that inner beauty is a real 6. ________ (treasure). Never let superficial views be a heavy 7. ________ (blow) to your confidence and 8. ________ (high) value your unique self. 【答案与解析】 1. appearance 解析：形容词性物主代词their后接名词，表“外貌”。 2. tiny 解析：形容词作定语，修饰pimples，微小的痘痘。 3. nervous 解析：固定结构make sb. + adj. 使某人处于某种状态。 4. admit 解析：情态动词must后接动词原形。 5. fairy tales 解析：many后接可数名词复数。 6. treasure 解析：单数名词，表“珍贵的事物、财富”。 7. blow 解析：a heavy blow 固定搭配，沉重打击。 8. highly 解析：副词修饰动词value，高度重视。 三、阅读理解 Once a single advertisement is stuck on a clean door, people will keep sticking more until the whole door is ruined, while a door without any advertisements usually stays clean for a long time. This interesting but worrying phenomenon (现象) in our daily life is a perfect example of what we call the “Broken Window Theory”. The theory comes from an experiment done by a famous American psychologist named Philip Zimbardo in 1969. He left two identical cars in different neighborhoods, one of them with a broken window. To his surprise, the car with the broken window was quickly destroyed and stolen by people passing by, while the other car remained untouched for over a week. This shows that signs of disorder or neglect (忽视) can easily encourage further bad behavior. This theory explains many problems. For instance, if a piece of litter is left on the sidewalk and nobody cleans it up, passers-by will soon think it is acceptable to throw more rubbish. Similarly, if a student begins to call someone names or use smartphones during class without being stopped, others will follow, which eventually destroys the learning environment. Another example is bullying; if mockery (嘲弄) is not corrected immediately early on, it may grow into serious school bullying. Thomas Lickona, a famous American education expert, once noted that schools which fail to fix early bad behaviors are actually opening the door to bigger problems. Therefore, teachers must set clear rules from the very beginning and stop any small misbehavior before it turns into a bigger trouble. Meanwhile, students should develop self-discipline and have the courage to say “no” to bad habits, making sure they do not become the person who breaks the first window. 1．Why is the phenomenon described in paragraph 1? A．To show the effect of the “Broken Window Theory” on readers. B．To show the importance of learning about the “Broken Window Theory”. C．To help readers better understand the “Broken Window Theory”. D．To help readers deal with phenomena related to the “Broken Window Theory”. 2．What does the underlined word “identical” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．clean B．expensive C．private D．similar 3．What may happen after a desk in the classroom becomes messy? A．Students may clean up the messy desk quickly. B．More students may leave their desks in a mess. C．The teacher may ask the student to clean the desk. D．The student’s grades may drop unexpectedly. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．Bullying becomes serious because small misbehavior is neglected. B．Sidewalks become dirty because no cleaners clean them up. C．The car was stolen because it was left out for a long time. D．Learning environment was destroyed because of smartphones. 5．What advice is given to students? A．Stopping bad behaviors. B．Fighting back against bullying. C．Refusing to follow bad behaviors. D．Obeying school rules. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“破窗理论”（Broken Window Theory）的来源和原理，并举例说明了该理论在生活中的体现，最后给出教师和学生应如何避免“破窗效应”的建议。 1．第一段通过描述门上贴广告的生活现象，引出这是“破窗理论”的一个完美例子，作者引用此现象的目的是为了让读者更直观地理解什么是“破窗理论”。 2．由第二段“He left two identical cars in different neighborhoods, one of them with a broken window”可知，心理学家为了实验对比效果，放置的两辆车除了窗户状态不同外，其他条件应当是一致的，identical意为“完全相同的”，选项中similar（相似的/同样的）意思最接近。 3．由第三段“if a piece of litter is left on the sidewalk... passers-by will soon think it is acceptable to throw more rubbish”可知，破窗效应会导致更多不良行为，如果教室里一张桌子变乱（无序迹象），根据理论推导，会有更多学生效仿把桌子弄乱。 4．由第三段“if mockery is not corrected immediately early on, it may grow into serious school bullying”可知，如果早期的嘲弄不及时纠正，可能会发展成严重的校园欺凌，这与选项A“欺凌变得严重是因为小的不当行为被忽视”意思一致。 5．文章最后一段明确建议学生“develop self-discipline and have the courage to say ‘no’ to bad habits”，培养自律并有勇气对坏习惯说“不”，这对应选项C“拒绝跟随不良行为”。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第4讲 U1核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握青少年压力、情绪主题词汇及全套词性转换； · 熟练运用单词固定搭配、动词不定式句型； · 区分 lonely/alone、stressed/stressful 等易混形容词； · 能完成词形、语法、阅读各类题型，可书面描述青少年心理烦恼。 学习重点 · 词根变形：名词、动词、形容词、副词互换； · 高频搭配：struggle to do、admit doing、be nervous about 等； · 形容词辨析：修饰人 - ed / 修饰物 - ing、lonely 与 alone； · 时态、非谓语、比较级结合词汇填空。 学习难点 · lonely（内心孤独）和 alone（独自一人）语义区分； · stressed/stressful、emotional 等同根形容词语境选用； · admit/struggle/decide 等后非谓语固定用法； · 短文语境判断词性、时态变形。 1. teenage 音标：/ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ 词性：adj. 十几岁的（指 13 至 19 岁）；青少年的 派生词：teenager n. 青少年；teens n. 十几岁（13-19 岁） 用法：形容词，修饰名词作定语 短语：teenage problems 青少年烦恼；teenage life 青少年生活 中考例句：Many teenage students have trouble dealing with stress. 译文：很多十几岁的学生难以应对压力。 【典例】( ) We should pay more attention to mental health. A. teenage B. teenager C. teens 答案：A 【即练 1】用所给词适当形式填空 Three (teenage) took part in the speech competition yesterday. 答案：teenagers 【即练 2】翻译句子 青少年时期的压力会影响人的情绪。 答案：Stress in teenage years can influence people's emotions. 2. stress 音标：/stres/ 词性：n. 压力 v. 强调；使焦虑 派生词：stressful adj. 充满压力的；stressed adj. 感到有压力的 用法：n. 不可数 / 可数；v. 后接名词 /that 从句 短语：under stress 在压力下；stress out 使焦虑不堪 中考例句：Too much stress is bad for teenagers' health. 译文：过多压力对青少年的健康有害。 【典例】( ) He always feels before exams because of heavy study . A. stress; stressful B. stressed; stress C. stressful; stressed 答案：B 【即练 1】填空 Many students are (stress) about their schoolwork these days. 答案：stressed 【即练 2】翻译 老师强调了平衡学习与休息的重要性。 答案：The teacher stressed the importance of balancing study and rest. 3. emotion 音标：/ɪˈməʊʃn/ 词性：n. 情感；情绪 派生词：emotional adj. 情感的；情绪激动的 用法：可数名词，常用复数 emotions；形容词 emotional 修饰名词 短语：control one's emotions 控制情绪；emotional problems 情绪问题 中考例句：It's normal to have different emotions when facing difficulties. 译文：面对困难时产生不同情绪是正常的。 【典例】( ) She is an girl and she shows her easily. A. emotion; emotional B. emotional; emotions C. emotions; emotion 答案：B 【即练 1】词形转换 Talking with friends can solve your (emotion) trouble. 答案：emotional 【即练 2】同义句改写 He can't manage his feelings well. = He can't control his well. 答案：emotions 4. pressure 音标：/ˈpreʃə(r)/ 词性：n. 心理压力；紧张；压力 派生词：press v. 按压；逼迫 用法：不可数名词，常与 under 搭配 短语：under great pressure 在巨大压力下；mental pressure 精神压力 中考例句：Parents shouldn't put too much pressure on their kids. 译文：父母不应该给孩子施加太多压力。 【典例】( ) Many teenagers live heavy pressure from study. A. in B. under C. with 答案：B 【即练 1】翻译短语 来自同龄人的压力 答案：peer pressure 【即练 2】填空 The (press) of exams makes him stay up late every night. 答案：pressure 5. struggle 音标：/ˈstrʌɡl/ 词性：v. 挣扎；奋力；艰难应对 n. 难事，斗争 派生词：struggling adj. 挣扎的；艰难前行的 用法：struggle to do sth 努力做某事；struggle with sth 与…… 作斗争 短语：struggle with stress 与压力抗争；struggle to finish homework 艰难完成作业 中考例句：He struggled to control his bad moods after losing the game. 译文：输掉比赛后，他努力控制自己的坏情绪。 【典例】( ) The little boy struggled reach the book on the shelf. A. to B. with C. for 答案：A 【即练 1】同义替换 She has difficulty learning physics. = She with physics. 答案：struggles 【即练 2】翻译句子 很多青少年在平衡学业和爱好上苦苦挣扎。 答案：Lots of teenagers struggle with balancing schoolwork and hobbies. 6. continue 音标：/kənˈtɪnjuː/ 词性：v. 继续；持续 派生词：continuous adj. 持续不断的；continuation n. 延续 用法：continue to do /doing sth 继续做某事 短语：continue doing homework 继续写作业；continue on 坚持下去 中考例句：If you keep practicing, you will continue to make progress. 译文：如果你坚持练习，你会持续取得进步。 【典例】( ) After a short break, they continued their project. A. do B. to doing C. doing 答案：C 【即练 1】词形转换 The (continue) rain made us stay at home all weekend. 答案：continuous 【即练 2】同义句改写 He went on reading after dinner. = He reading after dinner. 答案：continued 7. admit 音标：/ədˈmɪt/ 词性：v. 承认；准许进入 派生词：admission n. 承认；准入 用法：admit doing sth 承认做某事；admit that 从句 短语：admit one's mistakes 承认错误 中考例句：You should admit breaking the window instead of lying. 译文：你应该承认打碎窗户，而不是撒谎。 【典例】( ) The boy admitted the ugly duckling story to his classmate. A. tell B. telling C. to tell 答案：B 【即练 1】填空 He refused the (admit) that he felt lonely at school. 答案：admission 【即练 2】翻译 她承认自己曾被学业压力压垮。 答案：She admitted being defeated by school pressure. 8. reflection 音标：/rɪˈflekʃn/ 词性：n. 反映；反思；倒影 派生词：reflect v. 反映；反思；反射 用法：a reflection of …… 的体现；reflect on sth 反思某事 短语：a reflection of one's mood 情绪的写照；self reflection 自我反思 中考例句：Your appearance is a reflection of your inner heart. 译文：你的外表是你内心的写照。 【典例】( ) The story the hardship of poor weavers, which is a true of real life. A. reflects; reflection B. reflection; reflects C. reflect; reflections 答案：A 【即练 1】动词转换 Take time to (reflection) on your teenage problems. 答案：reflect 【即练 2】选词填空 (reflection /reflect) This painting is a of the writer's bitter childhood. 答案：reflection 9. treasure 音标：/ˈtreʒə(r)/ 词性：n. 极贵重的物品；珍宝 v. 珍视；珍爱 派生词：treasured adj. 珍贵的，珍视的 用法：n. 可数 / 不可数；v. treasure sth 珍惜某物 短语：national treasure 国宝；treasure friendship 珍惜友谊 中考例句：We should treasure every chance to communicate with our parents. 译文：我们应当珍惜每一次和父母沟通的机会。 【典例】( ) Time is a hidden that we must . A. treasure; treasure B. treasures; treasured C. treasured; treasure 答案：A 【即练 1】翻译短语 国宝 答案：national treasure 【即练 2】词形转换 This old photo is my most (treasure) memory. 答案：treasured 10. nervous 音标：/ˈnɜːvəs/ 词性：adj. 紧张的；焦虑的 派生词：nervously adv. 紧张地；nervousness n. 紧张 用法：be nervous about sth 对某事感到紧张 短语：feel nervous 感到紧张；nervous about the rehearsal 为排练紧张 中考例句：She felt nervous before she rehearsed her speech on stage. 译文：上台排练演讲前，她感到十分紧张。 【典例】( ) The girl laughed because she was nervous the coming show. A. nervous; about B. nervously; about C. nervously; with 答案：B 【即练 1】词形转换 His (nervous) stopped him from speaking loudly in public. 答案：nervousness 【即练 2】同义句改写 He worries a lot about the exam. = He is about the exam. 答案：nervous 11. none 音标：/nʌn/ 词性：pron. 没有一个；毫无 派生词：none of 没有…… 中任何一个 用法：none of + 复数名词 / 代词，谓语单复数均可；回答 how many/much 短语：none of my peers 我的同龄人中无一人 中考例句：None of the students wanted to give up when they struggled with stress. 译文：所有学生在与压力抗争时，没人想要放弃。 【典例】( ) —How many pieces of fairy tales did you read? — . I had no time. A. No one B. None C. Nobody 答案：B 【即练 1】改错（划出错误并改正） None of the water are left in the bottle. 答案：are → is 【即练 2】翻译句子 我的同龄人中没有一人承认自己害怕考试。 答案：None of my peers admitted feeling nervous about exams. 12. counsel 音标：/ˈkaʊnsl/ 词性：v. 提供专业咨询；劝告 n. 劝告；咨询 派生词：counsellor n. 顾问；心理咨询师 用法：counsel sb to do sth 劝告某人做某事 短语：school counsellor 学校心理咨询师；give counsel 给出建议 中考例句：The school counsellor counsels teenage students to deal with pressure properly. 译文：学校心理老师劝导青少年学生正确应对压力。 【典例】() The (counsel) often students to talk out their emotions. A. counsellor; counsels B. counsel; counsellors C. counsellors; counsel 答案：A 【即练 1】填空（词形转换） If you have emotional trouble, you can ask the school (counsel) for help. 答案：counsellor 【即练 2】同义句改写 He advised me to stop worrying about tiny things. = He me to stop worrying about tiny things. 答案：counselled 13. ugly 音标：/ˈʌɡli/ 词性：adj. 丑陋的；难看的 派生词：ugliness n. 丑陋；难看 用法：比较级 uglier，最高级 ugliest；修饰人 / 物 / 品格 短语：the ugly duckling 丑小鸭；ugly words 难听的话 中考例句：The ugly duckling finally turned into a beautiful white swan. 译文：丑小鸭最后变成了美丽的白天鹅。 【典例】( ) This duckling looks much than other ducks at first. A. ugly B. uglier C. ugliest 答案：B 【即练 1】词形转换 We should judge people by heart, not by the (ugly) or beauty of their looks. 答案：ugliness 【即练 2】翻译短语 丑小鸭 答案：the ugly duckling 14. lonely 音标：/ˈləʊnli/ 词性：adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的 派生词：alone adj.&adv. 独自的（无感情色彩）；loneliness n. 孤独 用法：lonely 侧重内心孤单；alone 侧重孤身一人 短语：feel lonely 感到孤单；a lonely village 偏僻的村庄 中考例句：Many teenagers feel lonely when they have no one to share feelings with. 译文：许多青少年无人倾诉时会感到孤独。 【典例】( ) He lives in a small house, but he never feels . A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. alone; alone 答案：B 【即练 1】词形转换 Writing diaries can help you get through (lonely). 答案：loneliness 【即练 2】选词填空 (lonely /alone) The boy sat by the window. 答案：lonely; alone 15. tiny 音标：/ˈtaɪni/ 词性：adj. 微小的；极小的 派生词：tinier 更小的；tiniest 最小的 用法：修饰可数名词，表尺寸、数量微小 短语：tiny mistakes 微小的失误；tiny drops of water 细小水滴 中考例句：Even tiny efforts will pay off if you keep continuing. 译文：只要你坚持下去，哪怕微小的努力也会得到回报。 【典例】( ) The insect is much than a grain of rice. A. tiny; tinier B. tinier; tiny C. tiniest; tiny 答案：A 【即练 1】同义替换 There is a very small hole on the wall. = There is a hole on the wall. 答案：tiny 【即练 2】翻译句子 微小的反思也能帮你解决青少年的烦恼。 答案：Tiny reflections can also help you solve teenage problems. 一、用单词的适当形式填空 1. Many ________ (teenage) students are learning to manage their own negative feelings in daily life. 2. The school ________ (counsel) often guides students to deal with behavioural problems properly. 3. It’s ________ (fool) to judge others only by their physical appearance. 4. Too much study work makes most students feel ________ (stress) during the final exam season. 5. Teenagers should learn to express their ________ (emotion) instead of hiding them. 6. Teachers pay close attention to students’ ________ (behave) changes during adolescence. 7. She struggled ________ (control) her nervousness before the ballet competition. 8. The little girl overcame many ________ (bitter) experiences and finally achieved her dream. 9. He ________ (admit) that he cared too much about his looks when he was young last week. 10. We should learn to ________ (treasure) every warm relationship around us. 11. The students are busy ________ (rehearse) for the coming school art show. 12. It is a great ________ (honour) to perform on the school’s biggest stage. 13. The sudden failure was a heavy ________ (blow) to her confidence. 14. She decided ________ (continue) her training even after facing huge pressure. 15. People living in ________ (poor) still keep a positive attitude towards life. 16. Her years of hard practice finally ________ (pay) off last month. 17. The ________ (appear) of pimples is very common for teenage boys and girls. 18. He felt ________ (lonely) than usual after moving to a new school. 19. The story is a true ________ (reflect) of teenage growth and struggles. 20. Parents always ________ (high) praise their children’s progress behind the scenes. 二、语法填空 每篇短文共8个空，全部使用本单元核心词汇，根据括号内提示词填写正确形式，考查时态、非谓语、词性转换、固定搭配等综合语法能力。 Passage 1：Teenage Pressure and Growth Nowadays, many 1. ________ (teenage) students face huge mental 2. ________ (press) in study and life. Some of them struggle 3. ________ (deal) with negative 4. ________ (emotion) and even develop small behavioural problems. The school 5. ________ (counsel) often advises students not to be6. ________ (stress) about small failures. We should not be 7. ________ (fool) by temporary difficulties and choose8. ________ (continue) moving forward bravely. Passage 2：Don’t Judge by Appearance It is common for teenagers to care about their 1. ________ (appear). Some feel upset because of 2. ________ (tiny) pimples on their faces or other small flaws. This kind of worry makes them 3. ________ (nervous) and lonely. We must 4. ________ (admit) that outer beauty is not the most important. Many classic 5. ________ (fairy tale) teach us that inner beauty is a real 6. ________ (treasure). Never let superficial views be a heavy 7. ________ (blow) to your confidence and 8. ________ (high) value your unique self. 三、阅读理解 Once a single advertisement is stuck on a clean door, people will keep sticking more until the whole door is ruined, while a door without any advertisements usually stays clean for a long time. This interesting but worrying phenomenon (现象) in our daily life is a perfect example of what we call the “Broken Window Theory”. The theory comes from an experiment done by a famous American psychologist named Philip Zimbardo in 1969. He left two identical cars in different neighborhoods, one of them with a broken window. To his surprise, the car with the broken window was quickly destroyed and stolen by people passing by, while the other car remained untouched for over a week. This shows that signs of disorder or neglect (忽视) can easily encourage further bad behavior. This theory explains many problems. For instance, if a piece of litter is left on the sidewalk and nobody cleans it up, passers-by will soon think it is acceptable to throw more rubbish. Similarly, if a student begins to call someone names or use smartphones during class without being stopped, others will follow, which eventually destroys the learning environment. Another example is bullying; if mockery (嘲弄) is not corrected immediately early on, it may grow into serious school bullying. Thomas Lickona, a famous American education expert, once noted that schools which fail to fix early bad behaviors are actually opening the door to bigger problems. Therefore, teachers must set clear rules from the very beginning and stop any small misbehavior before it turns into a bigger trouble. Meanwhile, students should develop self-discipline and have the courage to say “no” to bad habits, making sure they do not become the person who breaks the first window. 1．Why is the phenomenon described in paragraph 1? A．To show the effect of the “Broken Window Theory” on readers. B．To show the importance of learning about the “Broken Window Theory”. C．To help readers better understand the “Broken Window Theory”. D．To help readers deal with phenomena related to the “Broken Window Theory”. 2．What does the underlined word “identical” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．clean B．expensive C．private D．similar 3．What may happen after a desk in the classroom becomes messy? A．Students may clean up the messy desk quickly. B．More students may leave their desks in a mess. C．The teacher may ask the student to clean the desk. D．The student’s grades may drop unexpectedly. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．Bullying becomes serious because small misbehavior is neglected. B．Sidewalks become dirty because no cleaners clean them up. C．The car was stolen because it was left out for a long time. D．Learning environment was destroyed because of smartphones. 5．What advice is given to students? A．Stopping bad behaviors. B．Fighting back against bullying. C．Refusing to follow bad behaviors. D．Obeying school rules. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $