第5讲 Unit 2核心词汇（暑假预习讲义）（知识全梳理&考点精准练）新七年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第5讲 U2核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握单元核心单词词义、全套词性变形与不规则动词过去式 / 分词； · 熟记一词多义、固定搭配、核心句型，区分易混形容词； · 熟练完成词形填空、选词填空、语法选择、短文动词填空四类题型。 学习重点 · 词形转换：动词↔名词、形容词↔名词、正反义形容词、副词变形； · 不规则动词变形：deal-dealt、sink-sank-sunk、ring-rang-rung 等； · 高频词多义与固定短语、常考句式； · 结合时态、固定结构灵活变换单词形式解题。 学习难点 · 易混形容词辨析：alive/living/lively、disappointed/disappointing； · 特殊形容词用法：alive 仅作表语 / 后置定语、honest 元音开头用 an； · 语境判断词义与时态，动词过去式不规则变形易混淆。 第一部分 词性变化 1 deal v.处理 -dealt-dealt 2 deep adj.深的； depth n.深度； deeply adv.深深地 3 belief n.相信；believe v. 相信 4 ourselves pron.我们自己； our pron. 我们的； ours pron. 我们的东西 5 weak adj.虚弱的 weakness n.弱点 6 difficulty n. 难处 difficult adj. 困难的 7 honest adj. 诚实的； dishonest adj.不诚实的；honesty n.诚实 8 alive adj.活着的； living adj.活着的；lively adj.生动的 9 final adj. 最终的； finally adv. 最终地 10 sink v.下沉 -sank-sunk 11 news n.消息； newspaper n.报纸 12 funny adj.滑稽的； fun n.有趣的事 13 disappointment n. 失望； disappointed adj.感到失望的；disappointing adj. 令人失望的；disappoint v.使失望 14 respond v. 回应； response n. 回应 15 ring v.回响-rang-rung 16 decide v.决定； decision n.决定 17 become v.变成-became-become 18 preparation n.准备； prepare v.准备 19 crowd n.人群； crowded adj.拥挤的 20 bright adj.明亮的； brightly adv. 明亮地 21 enter v.进入； entrance n.入口 22 design v.设计；designer n.设计师 23 competition n.竞赛； compete v.竞争；competitive adj.有竞争力的 competitor n.竞争者 24 firmly adv.坚定地； firm adj.坚实的 25 counsellor n.心理咨询师； counselling n.心理辅导 26 talent n.天赋； talented adj.有天赋的 27 brave adj. 勇敢的； bravery n.勇气；bravely adv.有勇气地 28 important adj.重要的； importance n.重要性 29 follow v.跟随； following adj.接下来的 30 tradition n.传统； traditional adj.传统的 31 encourage v.鼓励； encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的；encouragement n.鼓励 32 breath n.呼吸； breathe v.呼吸 33 strong adj.强大的； strongly adv.强大地 34 suggest v.建议； suggestion n.建议 35 silent adj.安静的；silence n.安静 36 worry v. 担心； worried adj. 担心的 词性转换默写版 1 ________ v.处理 -________-________ 2 ________ adj.深的；________n.深度；________adv.深深地 3 ________ n.相信；________ v. 相信 4 ________ pron.我们自己；________ pron. 我们的；________ pron. 我们的东西 5 ________ adj.虚弱的 ________ n.弱点 6 ________ n. 难处 ________ adj. 困难的 7 ________ adj. 诚实的；________ adj.不诚实的；________ n.诚实 8 ________ adj.活着的；________ adj.活着的；________ adj.生动的 9 ________ adj. 最终的；________ adv. 最终地 10 ________ v.下沉 -________-________ 11 ________ n.消息；________ n.报纸 12 ________ adj.滑稽的；________ n.有趣的事 13 ________ n. 失望；________ adj.感到失望的；________ adj. 令人失望的；________ v.使失望 14 ________ v. 回应；________ n. 回应 15 ________ v.回响-________-________ 16 ________ v.决定；________n.决定 17 ________ v.变成-________-________ 18 ________ n.准备；________ v.准备 19 ________ n.人群；________ adj.拥挤的 20 ________ adj.明亮的；________ adv. 明亮地 21 ________ v.进入；________ n.入口 22 ________ v.设计；________ n.设计师 23 ________ n.竞赛；________ v.竞争；________ adj.有竞争力的 ________ n.竞争者 24 ________ adv.坚定地；________ adj.坚实的 25 ________ n.心理咨询师； ________n.心理辅导 26 ________ n.天赋；________adj.有天赋的 27 ________ adj. 勇敢的；________ n.勇气；________ adv.有勇气地 28 ________ adj.重要的；________ n.重要性 29 ________ v.跟随；________ adj.接下来的 30 ________ n.传统；________adj.传统的 31 ________ v.鼓励；________ adj. 鼓舞人心的；________n.鼓励 32 ________ n.呼吸；________v.呼吸 33 ________ adj.强大的；________ adv.强大地 34 ________ v.建议；________ n.建议 35 ________ adj.安静的；________ n.安静 36 ________ v. 担心； ________ adj. 担心的 第二部分 重点单词详解 考点1. radio n.无线电广播；收音机 【提示】常用turn on/off the radio 表示“打开/关闭收音机”。 I sat down and turned on the radio.我坐了下来，打开了收音机。 常用on/over the radio 表示“在电台里(听到某些内容)”。 Did you hear the news on the radio this morning?你听到今天早上电台里的新闻了吗? 考点2. fear n.害怕；担忧 I have a fear of heights. 我有恐高症。 The girl's parents expressed fears for her safety.女孩的父母表达了对她安全的担忧。 【提示】fear 也可作动词，表示“害怕；畏惧；惧怕”。 What do you fear most?你最怕什么? 【联想】fearful adj. 担心的；担忧的；忧虑的 fearless adj.不怕的；无畏的；大胆的 speak out without fear此处可以理解为“无畏地发声”。 speak out (尤指对有强烈感受的话题)公开发表意见，坦率地说出 通常指在公开场合大胆地说出自己的意见或感受，通常是针对某种不公正 或不合理的情况，表示不满或反对。这个短语强调了表达自己的观点或立 场的勇气和坚定性。 考点3. weak adj. 虚弱的；无力的；(能力)弱的；微弱的 She is too weak to get up.她太虚弱了，起不了床。 He was always weak at languages but strong in science. 他一向在语言方面不擅长，但理科很拿手。 Do you hear a weak voice?你有没有听到微弱的声音? 【联想】weakness n.虚弱；弱点 weakness in the right arm右手的无力感 The plan has strengths and weaknesses.这个计划既有优点也有缺点。 考点4. difficulty n.困 难 We finished the job with great difficulty.我们非常艰难地完成了工作。 【提示】difficulty可以作可数名词用，表示具体的“难处、困境、问题”,也可以作不可数名词，表示“难度、阻碍、麻烦”等。 如： People learning a new language often face some difficulties at first.人们学习一门新语言之初常常会遇到一些困难。 Have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.做某事方面有困难 She had great difficulty (in) finding a job.她找工作极其困难。 【联想】difficult adj. 困难的 考点5. follow v.追随；拥护；仿效 有类似用法的短语还有：follow one's step(追随某人的步伐),follow the example(学习榜样);follow the crowd(随大流)。 【提示】follow 作为动词还有其他有多种含义。 如： A dog followed us home一条狗跟着我们回了家。(跟随；跟着) Follow the road for two miles,then turn left.沿着这条路走两公里，然后向 左转。(沿着) Why didn't you follow my advice? 你为什么不听我的劝告?(接受；遵循； 听从) The plot is almost impossible to follow. 故事情节几乎叫人看不懂。(明白； 理解) 常见词组有as follows(如下)。 如： The opening hours are as follows ...营业时间如下…… 考点6.run v. 经营；管理 He is running a fast food restaurant now.他现在经营一家快餐店。 【提示】run 作动词还有其他有多种含义，如： I can run 1.5 km in five minutes.我可以在5分钟里跑1.5公里。(奔跑；跑步) The film runs for two hours.这电影时长两个小时。(持续；使……持续) Jane ran her finger along the page.简的手指划过页面。(使……移动) Stay away frthe machine when it is running. 当机器在运转时离它远点。 (运转；使……运作) 考点7.honest adj.坦率的；诚实的 He was an honest man.他是个诚实的人。(注意honest之前用an,不用a) Be honest about your feelings,please.请诚实地表达你的感受。 【提示】to be honest(=what I really think is) 是口语化的常用短语，意思是“坦白说；说实话”。 honest意为“坦率；坦诚”时，近义词为 frank; 意为“诚实”时，反义词为dishonest。 honest的名词为 honesty(坦率；诚实)。 考点8.alive adj. 继续存在的；活着的 Ancient traditions are very much alive in this area.古老的传统在这个地区依然活跃。 It was a bad accident —they're lucky to be alive.事故很严重，他们能活下来真是幸运。 【提示】alive 意为“活着”时，反义词是dead 。alive 在句中作宾语补足语，进一步说明了宾语Chinese tradition的状态或性质。另外，alive多用作表 语或后置定语，不能放在名词前面。如： These people stayed alive by catching and eating fish.这些人靠抓鱼和吃鱼来维持生命。(作表语) No man alive is greater than him.在活着的人中，没有人比他更伟大了。 (作后置定语，修饰man) 考点9. disappointment n.失 望 To my great disappointment, he decided to leave.让我大失所望的是，他决定离开。 The party was a huge disappointment at last.聚会最终令人大失所望。 【联想】disappointed adj.感到失望的 be disappointed with 对(某人)失望 Mike's parents were very disappointed with him.麦克的父母对他非常失望。 【联想】disappointing adj.令人失望的 We hoped to win,but the result was quite disappointing.我们想赢，但是结果令人失望。 【联想】disappoint v.使失望 They don't want to disappoint the fans.他们不想让粉丝们失望。 考点10.ring(rang,rung) v. 回响 My head is still ringing frthe sound of the music.乐声仍然在我脑中回响。 The house rang with children's laughter.屋子里回响着孩子们的笑声。 【提示】动词 ring 还有“给……打电话；(使)发出钟声；响起铃声”的意思。 I ring home once a week to tell my parents I'm okay.我每周往家打一次电话向父母报平安。 Someone was ringing the doorbell.有人在按门铃。 ring也可用作名词，有多种含义。 如： The children sat in a ring around the teacher.孩子们围着老师坐成一圈。(圆圈、环状物) I'll give you a ring tomorrow.我明天给你打电话。 (一通电话) There was a ring at the door.门铃响了。(铃声；钟声) Mary is wearing a wedding ring. 玛丽戴着结婚戒指。(戒指) 考点11.through prep. 凭借；通过 Through his hard work,Thompson was able to make his dream come true. 通过不懈努力，汤普森最终让梦想成真。 【提示】此处，through是一个介词，表示“途径；方法”。 through 作介词，还有其他含义和用法。 如： They walked slowly through the forest.他们缓步穿过森林。(通过；穿越) It rained all through J une.整个六月都在下雨。(自始至终；从头到尾) 考点12.crowd n.观众；人群 There were crowds of shoppers in the street.街上挤满了购物的人群。 A large crowd gathered to watch the game 一大群人聚集起来观看比赛。 【提示】当crowd 表示“一群人”时，它是集合名词，看作单数，作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。名词crowd 常 跟of一起使用。 A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.大约有15000人出席了音乐会。 crowd也可以作动词，意思是“挤；挤满”。 Hundreds of people crowded into the shopping mall.成百上千的人涌入购物中心。 【联想】crowded adj.人(太)多的；拥挤的 As New Year gets closer,the shops get more and more crowded.随着新年的临近，商店的人越来越多。 crowded常与介词with 搭配，be crowded with相当于be full of。 In summer,the place is crowded with surfers.夏季，这地方满是冲浪者。 一、单词拼写 1．The football team has hired two new ________ to improve their training. (coach) 2．When we meet with ________, we should calm down first. (difficult) 3．Lisa is a ________ (fun) girl. She always talks about stories and jokes (笑话). 4．All kinds of ________ should be turned off before entering the building. (radio) 5．Many old people still listen to news and music on ________ every day. (radio) 6．Our English teacher is ________ and beautiful. (fun) 7．I was a little ________ (disappointment) when I didn’t get the job I applied for, but it taught me to keep trying and not to give up on my career goals. 8．She faced the ________ bravely without fear of failure. (difficult) 9．Lu Yao will __________ for the English speaking contest next month. (entrance) 10．When we breathe air, it keeps us ________. (live) 11．________, we finished the project on time with the help of our teacher. (final) 12．The fruits taste good because the sun shines ________ in that area. (bright) 13．Please line up quietly at this ________ to the museum. The tour will begin in five minutes. (enter) 14．She won first prize in the singing ________ because of her beautiful voice and excellent skills. (compete) 15．It is important to care about ________ (our). 16．The test can help teachers __________ (decision) what to teach in future lessons. 17．With a strong _________ in himself, he never gave up. (believe) 18．She dreamed of ________ (become) a scientist like Marie Curie when she was a child. 19．I ________ (ring) the doorbell, but no one answered. 20．He successfully ________ (deal) with that difficult problem. 21．He took a deep ______ (breathe) before giving a speech at the school flag-raising ceremony. 22．Failing the exam was a big ________ for him. (disappoint) 23．Twenty minutes ________ (late), she will come with Ann. 24．Her ________ behavior (行为) in the game, always cheating to win, eventually caused her friends to stop trusting her.（honest） 25．The Bund is always ________ with visitors at weekends and during holidays. (crowd) 26．After trying baking a cake for the first time, my family’s ________ encouraged me to try more baking recipes. (respond) 27．Through safety training, we learned how to ________ correctly to a fire alarm. (response) 28．He held his son’s hand ________ while crossing the street. (firm) 29．The boy was the only one ________ in the car accident. (live) 30．Suddenly, the ship ________ during the thunderstorm a few minutes ago. (sink) 二、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 but, careful, woman, difficult, why, hour, try, he, watch, see Li Bai was a great poet in ancient China. Here’s a story of 31 . When Li Bai was young, he played a lot and didn’t study hard. He enjoyed things, such as 32 little birds in the trees and picking fruits on the hills in his free time. One day, he 33 an old woman by the river when he was playing there. The old woman was grinding an iron pestle (磨铁杵). “ 34 are you grinding the iron pestle?” Li Bai asked. “I want to make it into a needle,” the old woman answered. Li Bai thought it was fun and said, “Let me have a (n) 35 . Then he took the iron pestle and started to grind it. He got tired after working for 36 . Then he said, “Oh, it’s so 37 . I think you could hardly get it done.” The old woman said, “It’s not easy to make the pestle into a needle, 38 I can do it if I keep working hard.” The old 39 words made Li Bai think a lot. He kept them in mind. From then on, he studied very 40 , and in the end he became a great poet. 三、语法选择   从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 There is a kind woman. She has a nice house 41 a big yard. In her yard, there 42 many flowers. One day, Bill comes to her yard. What beautiful flowers! Bill thinks the woman has a happy life. Then he finds that the woman can’t 43 anything. “ 44 do you plant these flowers here?” Bill asks. The woman smiles and says, “First, I love flowers. Second, I can’t see the flowers, but I can smell (闻) 45 . As for the last one, it’s you.” “Me? 46 you don’t know me.” “Yeah, I don’t know you. But as I know, everyone 47 flowers. Many people stop (停留) in front of my yard every day. The 48 make them happy. They also make me 49 with you here. They bring us great fun.” After reading the story, my dear students, what can you learn from 50 woman? 41．A．with B．under C．from 42．A．be B．is C．are 43．A．sees B．see C．seeing 44．A．When B．Where C．Why 45．A．they B．them C．their 46．A．But B．And C．Because 47．A．like B．likes C．to like 48．A．flower B．flowers C．flowers’ 49．A．talk B．to talk C．talking 50．A．a B．an C．the 四、短文填空 动词填空 Once upon a time, many frogs (青蛙) lived in a pond. There 51 (be) a king among them. One day, the king frog decided 52 (have) a competition. “There 53 (be) a tree near the pond. The one who climbs to the top of this tree 54 (be) the winner,” he said. All the frogs were excited to take part in the competition. As soon as it started, they began 55 (climb) quickly one by one. But many frogs 56 (fall) down. Some frogs 57 (feel) sad and stopped climbing. And some continued. The frogs who didn’t try said, “No one can do it. It’s impossible.” Some frogs heard this, and they 58 (lose) hope and stopped trying, too. But one frog 59 (not give) up. After many tries, he finally climbed to the top. All the other frogs were quite surprised. They all wanted to know how he was able to do it. The winning frog told them he couldn’t hear anything. He thought the frogs below were cheering (为……欢呼) for him, saying, “You can do it.” The kind words 60 (make) him try harder, and finally he could climb to the top. This story teaches us a lesson. We should not listen to negative (消极的) words from others. Instead, we should focus on our goals and work hard to achieve them. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第5讲 U2核心词汇 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 · 掌握单元核心单词词义、全套词性变形与不规则动词过去式 / 分词； · 熟记一词多义、固定搭配、核心句型，区分易混形容词； · 熟练完成词形填空、选词填空、语法选择、短文动词填空四类题型。 学习重点 · 词形转换：动词↔名词、形容词↔名词、正反义形容词、副词变形； · 不规则动词变形：deal-dealt、sink-sank-sunk、ring-rang-rung 等； · 高频词多义与固定短语、常考句式； · 结合时态、固定结构灵活变换单词形式解题。 学习难点 · 易混形容词辨析：alive/living/lively、disappointed/disappointing； · 特殊形容词用法：alive 仅作表语 / 后置定语、honest 元音开头用 an； · 语境判断词义与时态，动词过去式不规则变形易混淆。 第一部分 词性变化 1 deal v.处理 -dealt-dealt 2 deep adj.深的； depth n.深度； deeply adv.深深地 3 belief n.相信；believe v. 相信 4 ourselves pron.我们自己； our pron. 我们的； ours pron. 我们的东西 5 weak adj.虚弱的 weakness n.弱点 6 difficulty n. 难处 difficult adj. 困难的 7 honest adj. 诚实的； dishonest adj.不诚实的；honesty n.诚实 8 alive adj.活着的； living adj.活着的；lively adj.生动的 9 final adj. 最终的； finally adv. 最终地 10 sink v.下沉 -sank-sunk 11 news n.消息； newspaper n.报纸 12 funny adj.滑稽的； fun n.有趣的事 13 disappointment n. 失望； disappointed adj.感到失望的；disappointing adj. 令人失望的；disappoint v.使失望 14 respond v. 回应； response n. 回应 15 ring v.回响-rang-rung 16 decide v.决定； decision n.决定 17 become v.变成-became-become 18 preparation n.准备； prepare v.准备 19 crowd n.人群； crowded adj.拥挤的 20 bright adj.明亮的； brightly adv. 明亮地 21 enter v.进入； entrance n.入口 22 design v.设计；designer n.设计师 23 competition n.竞赛； compete v.竞争；competitive adj.有竞争力的 competitor n.竞争者 24 firmly adv.坚定地； firm adj.坚实的 25 counsellor n.心理咨询师； counselling n.心理辅导 26 talent n.天赋； talented adj.有天赋的 27 brave adj. 勇敢的； bravery n.勇气；bravely adv.有勇气地 28 important adj.重要的； importance n.重要性 29 follow v.跟随； following adj.接下来的 30 tradition n.传统； traditional adj.传统的 31 encourage v.鼓励； encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的；encouragement n.鼓励 32 breath n.呼吸； breathe v.呼吸 33 strong adj.强大的； strongly adv.强大地 34 suggest v.建议； suggestion n.建议 35 silent adj.安静的；silence n.安静 36 worry v. 担心； worried adj. 担心的 词性转换默写版 1 ________ v.处理 -________-________ 2 ________ adj.深的；________n.深度；________adv.深深地 3 ________ n.相信；________ v. 相信 4 ________ pron.我们自己；________ pron. 我们的；________ pron. 我们的东西 5 ________ adj.虚弱的 ________ n.弱点 6 ________ n. 难处 ________ adj. 困难的 7 ________ adj. 诚实的；________ adj.不诚实的；________ n.诚实 8 ________ adj.活着的；________ adj.活着的；________ adj.生动的 9 ________ adj. 最终的；________ adv. 最终地 10 ________ v.下沉 -________-________ 11 ________ n.消息；________ n.报纸 12 ________ adj.滑稽的；________ n.有趣的事 13 ________ n. 失望；________ adj.感到失望的；________ adj. 令人失望的；________ v.使失望 14 ________ v. 回应；________ n. 回应 15 ________ v.回响-________-________ 16 ________ v.决定；________n.决定 17 ________ v.变成-________-________ 18 ________ n.准备；________ v.准备 19 ________ n.人群；________ adj.拥挤的 20 ________ adj.明亮的；________ adv. 明亮地 21 ________ v.进入；________ n.入口 22 ________ v.设计；________ n.设计师 23 ________ n.竞赛；________ v.竞争；________ adj.有竞争力的 ________ n.竞争者 24 ________ adv.坚定地；________ adj.坚实的 25 ________ n.心理咨询师； ________n.心理辅导 26 ________ n.天赋；________adj.有天赋的 27 ________ adj. 勇敢的；________ n.勇气；________ adv.有勇气地 28 ________ adj.重要的；________ n.重要性 29 ________ v.跟随；________ adj.接下来的 30 ________ n.传统；________adj.传统的 31 ________ v.鼓励；________ adj. 鼓舞人心的；________n.鼓励 32 ________ n.呼吸；________v.呼吸 33 ________ adj.强大的；________ adv.强大地 34 ________ v.建议；________ n.建议 35 ________ adj.安静的；________ n.安静 36 ________ v. 担心； ________ adj. 担心的 第二部分 重点单词详解 考点1. radio n.无线电广播；收音机 【提示】常用turn on/off the radio 表示“打开/关闭收音机”。 I sat down and turned on the radio.我坐了下来，打开了收音机。 常用on/over the radio 表示“在电台里(听到某些内容)”。 Did you hear the news on the radio this morning?你听到今天早上电台里的新闻了吗? 考点2. fear n.害怕；担忧 I have a fear of heights. 我有恐高症。 The girl's parents expressed fears for her safety.女孩的父母表达了对她安全的担忧。 【提示】fear 也可作动词，表示“害怕；畏惧；惧怕”。 What do you fear most?你最怕什么? 【联想】fearful adj. 担心的；担忧的；忧虑的 fearless adj.不怕的；无畏的；大胆的 speak out without fear此处可以理解为“无畏地发声”。 speak out (尤指对有强烈感受的话题)公开发表意见，坦率地说出 通常指在公开场合大胆地说出自己的意见或感受，通常是针对某种不公正 或不合理的情况，表示不满或反对。这个短语强调了表达自己的观点或立 场的勇气和坚定性。 考点3. weak adj. 虚弱的；无力的；(能力)弱的；微弱的 She is too weak to get up.她太虚弱了，起不了床。 He was always weak at languages but strong in science. 他一向在语言方面不擅长，但理科很拿手。 Do you hear a weak voice?你有没有听到微弱的声音? 【联想】weakness n.虚弱；弱点 weakness in the right arm右手的无力感 The plan has strengths and weaknesses.这个计划既有优点也有缺点。 考点4. difficulty n.困 难 We finished the job with great difficulty.我们非常艰难地完成了工作。 【提示】difficulty可以作可数名词用，表示具体的“难处、困境、问题”,也可以作不可数名词，表示“难度、阻碍、麻烦”等。 如： People learning a new language often face some difficulties at first.人们学习一门新语言之初常常会遇到一些困难。 Have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.做某事方面有困难 She had great difficulty (in) finding a job.她找工作极其困难。 【联想】difficult adj. 困难的 考点5. follow v.追随；拥护；仿效 有类似用法的短语还有：follow one's step(追随某人的步伐),follow the example(学习榜样);follow the crowd(随大流)。 【提示】follow 作为动词还有其他有多种含义。 如： A dog followed us home一条狗跟着我们回了家。(跟随；跟着) Follow the road for two miles,then turn left.沿着这条路走两公里，然后向 左转。(沿着) Why didn't you follow my advice? 你为什么不听我的劝告?(接受；遵循； 听从) The plot is almost impossible to follow. 故事情节几乎叫人看不懂。(明白； 理解) 常见词组有as follows(如下)。 如： The opening hours are as follows ...营业时间如下…… 考点6.run v. 经营；管理 He is running a fast food restaurant now.他现在经营一家快餐店。 【提示】run 作动词还有其他有多种含义，如： I can run 1.5 km in five minutes.我可以在5分钟里跑1.5公里。(奔跑；跑步) The film runs for two hours.这电影时长两个小时。(持续；使……持续) Jane ran her finger along the page.简的手指划过页面。(使……移动) Stay away frthe machine when it is running. 当机器在运转时离它远点。 (运转；使……运作) 考点7.honest adj.坦率的；诚实的 He was an honest man.他是个诚实的人。(注意honest之前用an,不用a) Be honest about your feelings,please.请诚实地表达你的感受。 【提示】to be honest(=what I really think is) 是口语化的常用短语，意思是“坦白说；说实话”。 honest意为“坦率；坦诚”时，近义词为 frank; 意为“诚实”时，反义词为dishonest。 honest的名词为 honesty(坦率；诚实)。 考点8.alive adj. 继续存在的；活着的 Ancient traditions are very much alive in this area.古老的传统在这个地区依然活跃。 It was a bad accident —they're lucky to be alive.事故很严重，他们能活下来真是幸运。 【提示】alive 意为“活着”时，反义词是dead 。alive 在句中作宾语补足语，进一步说明了宾语Chinese tradition的状态或性质。另外，alive多用作表 语或后置定语，不能放在名词前面。如： These people stayed alive by catching and eating fish.这些人靠抓鱼和吃鱼来维持生命。(作表语) No man alive is greater than him.在活着的人中，没有人比他更伟大了。 (作后置定语，修饰man) 考点9. disappointment n.失 望 To my great disappointment, he decided to leave.让我大失所望的是，他决定离开。 The party was a huge disappointment at last.聚会最终令人大失所望。 【联想】disappointed adj.感到失望的 be disappointed with 对(某人)失望 Mike's parents were very disappointed with him.麦克的父母对他非常失望。 【联想】disappointing adj.令人失望的 We hoped to win,but the result was quite disappointing.我们想赢，但是结果令人失望。 【联想】disappoint v.使失望 They don't want to disappoint the fans.他们不想让粉丝们失望。 考点10.ring(rang,rung) v. 回响 My head is still ringing frthe sound of the music.乐声仍然在我脑中回响。 The house rang with children's laughter.屋子里回响着孩子们的笑声。 【提示】动词 ring 还有“给……打电话；(使)发出钟声；响起铃声”的意思。 I ring home once a week to tell my parents I'm okay.我每周往家打一次电话向父母报平安。 Someone was ringing the doorbell.有人在按门铃。 ring也可用作名词，有多种含义。 如： The children sat in a ring around the teacher.孩子们围着老师坐成一圈。(圆圈、环状物) I'll give you a ring tomorrow.我明天给你打电话。 (一通电话) There was a ring at the door.门铃响了。(铃声；钟声) Mary is wearing a wedding ring. 玛丽戴着结婚戒指。(戒指) 考点11.through prep. 凭借；通过 Through his hard work,Thompson was able to make his dream come true. 通过不懈努力，汤普森最终让梦想成真。 【提示】此处，through是一个介词，表示“途径；方法”。 through 作介词，还有其他含义和用法。 如： They walked slowly through the forest.他们缓步穿过森林。(通过；穿越) It rained all through J une.整个六月都在下雨。(自始至终；从头到尾) 考点12.crowd n.观众；人群 There were crowds of shoppers in the street.街上挤满了购物的人群。 A large crowd gathered to watch the game 一大群人聚集起来观看比赛。 【提示】当crowd 表示“一群人”时，它是集合名词，看作单数，作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。名词crowd 常 跟of一起使用。 A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.大约有15000人出席了音乐会。 crowd也可以作动词，意思是“挤；挤满”。 Hundreds of people crowded into the shopping mall.成百上千的人涌入购物中心。 【联想】crowded adj.人(太)多的；拥挤的 As New Year gets closer,the shops get more and more crowded.随着新年的临近，商店的人越来越多。 crowded常与介词with 搭配，be crowded with相当于be full of。 In summer,the place is crowded with surfers.夏季，这地方满是冲浪者。 一、单词拼写 1．The football team has hired two new ________ to improve their training. (coach) 【答案】coaches 【详解】句意：足球队聘请了两位新教练来改进他们的训练。根据“two new...”可知，此处是指两位新教练，应该用可数名词coach“教练”的复数形式coaches。故填coaches。 2．When we meet with ________, we should calm down first. (difficult) 【答案】difficulties/difficulty 【详解】句意：当我们遇到困难时，我们应该先冷静下来。空处位于介词“with”后，填名词作宾语。difficult“困难的”，形容词，名词为difficulty“困难，难题”，既是可数名词，指具体的难题，前无冠词修饰，用复数的difficulties；又是不可数名词。故填difficulties/difficulty。 3．Lisa is a ________ (fun) girl. She always talks about stories and jokes (笑话). 【答案】funny 【详解】句意：莉萨是个有趣的女孩。她总是讲故事和笑话。girl是名词，需用形容词来修饰，funny“有趣的；滑稽的”，是形容词，符合句意。故填funny。 4．All kinds of ________ should be turned off before entering the building. (radio) 【答案】radios 【详解】句意：各种各样的收音机在进入大楼之前都应该被关闭。radio“收音机”，是可数名词，根据“all kinds of”可知此处应用其复数形式，故填radios。 5．Many old people still listen to news and music on ________ every day. (radio) 【答案】the radio 【详解】句意：很多老人仍然每天通过收音机听新闻和音乐。radio“收音机”，名词。根据“Many old people still listen to news and music on...every day.”可知，on the radio“通过收音机”。故填the radio。 6．Our English teacher is ________ and beautiful. (fun) 【答案】funny 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师既有趣又漂亮。根据空格前“is”是系动词，结合所给词可知，fun“乐趣”，名词，此处应填入其形容词funny，作表语，意为“有趣的”，表达我们的英语老师既有趣又漂亮。故填funny。 7．I was a little ________ (disappointment) when I didn’t get the job I applied for, but it taught me to keep trying and not to give up on my career goals. 【答案】disappointed 【详解】句意：当我没有得到我申请的工作时，我有点失望，但它教会了我要继续努力，不要放弃我的职业目标。根据“I was a little”可知，此处需填形容词作表语，disappointment是名词，形容词是disappointed，意为“失望的，沮丧的”。故填disappointed。 8．She faced the ________ bravely without fear of failure. (difficult) 【答案】difficulty 【详解】句意：她勇敢地面对困难，毫不畏惧失败。根据“the”可知，横线处需填名词，difficult“困难的”，形容词，其名词形式为difficulty。故填difficulty。 9．Lu Yao will __________ for the English speaking contest next month. (entrance) 【答案】enter 【详解】句意：路遥将参加下个月的英语演讲比赛。根据“...for the English speaking contest”以及提示词entrance可知，此处表示“报名参加”，应用短语enter for。will后接动词原形，entrance为名词，其动词形式为enter。故填enter。 10．When we breathe air, it keeps us ________. (live) 【答案】alive 【详解】句意：当我们呼吸空气时，它使我们活着。keep sb./sth. + adj. 表示“使某人/某物保持某种状态”，此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。动词live的形容词形式alive（活着的）常用于“keep sb. alive”结构中，表示“使某人存活/活着”。故填alive。 11．________, we finished the project on time with the help of our teacher. (final) 【答案】Finally 【详解】句意：最后，在老师的帮助下，我们按时完成了这个项目。final“最终的，最后的”，形容词，根据“...we finished the project on time with the help of our teacher.”可知，此处应用副词形式，修饰整个句子。final的副词形式为finally，置于句首首字母大写。故填Finally。 12．The fruits taste good because the sun shines ________ in that area. (bright) 【答案】brightly 【详解】句意：这些水果味道不错，因为那个地区阳光明媚。“shine”是动词，意为“照耀”，此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“shine”，说明阳光照耀的状态；“bright”是形容词，意为“明亮的”，其副词形式是“brightly”，表示“明亮地”。故填brightly。 13．Please line up quietly at this ________ to the museum. The tour will begin in five minutes. (enter) 【答案】entrance 【详解】句意：请在博物馆的这个入口处安静地排队。旅程将在五分钟后开始。this后加可数名词单数，enter“进入”，动词，其名词是entrance“入口”。故填entrance。 14．She won first prize in the singing ________ because of her beautiful voice and excellent skills. (compete) 【答案】competition 【详解】句意：由于她优美的嗓音和出色的技巧，她在歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖。compete“竞争”，动词；根据“She won first prize in the singing...”可知，此处表示她在歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖，compete的名词形式为“competition”，比赛，singing competition“歌唱比赛”。故填competition。 15．It is important to care about ________ (our). 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：关心我们自己是很重要的。our“我们的”，形容词性物主代词；根据“It is important to care about…”的语境可知，此处指关注自身，用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 16．The test can help teachers __________ (decision) what to teach in future lessons. 【答案】decide 【详解】句意：这项测试能够帮助教师确定在今后的课程中应教授什么内容。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，此空应填动词原形，decision是名词，对应的动词是decide“决定”，故填decide。 17．With a strong _________ in himself, he never gave up. (believe) 【答案】belief 【详解】句意：他对自己充满坚定的信心，因此从未放弃过。空处前的“a”修饰可数名词单数，believe的名词是belief，意为“信心”。故填belief。 18．She dreamed of ________ (become) a scientist like Marie Curie when she was a child. 【答案】becoming 【详解】句意：她小时候梦想成为一名像玛丽·居里那样的科学家。dream of“梦想”是固定短语，介词of后接动名词形式，become的动名词是becoming。故填becoming。 19．I ________ (ring) the doorbell, but no one answered. 【答案】rang 【详解】句意：我按了门铃，但没人应答。根据“but no one answered”可知，此处应使用过去式，故填rang。 20．He successfully ________ (deal) with that difficult problem. 【答案】dealt 【详解】句意：他成功处理了那个难题。deal with“处理”是固定短语，句子描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，deal的过去式为dealt。故填dealt。 21．He took a deep ______ (breathe) before giving a speech at the school flag-raising ceremony. 【答案】breath 【详解】句意：他在学校升旗仪式上讲话前深吸了一口气。breathe“呼吸”，是动词。句中“took a deep”后面应接名词，breathe的名词形式是breath，意为“呼吸；一口气” ，take a deep breath表示“深吸一口气”。 22．Failing the exam was a big ________ for him. (disappoint) 【答案】 disappointment 【详解】句意：考试不及格对他来说是一次很大的失望。句中“a big”后面需要接可数名词的单数形式，括号内的动词disappoint需变为名词形式disappointment。 23．Twenty minutes ________ (late), she will come with Ann. 【答案】later 【详解】句意：二十分钟后，她将和Ann一起来。根据后半句“she will come with Ann”为一般将来时，可推断前半句表示“二十分钟之后”；括号内的late需变形为副词later，构成“时间段+later”的固定表达，表示“多久之后”。later符合语境。 24．Her ________ behavior (行为) in the game, always cheating to win, eventually caused her friends to stop trusting her.（honest） 【答案】dishonest 【详解】句意：她在游戏中不诚实的行为（总是作弊以求获胜），最终导致她的朋友不再信任她。句中需要一个形容词修饰名词behavior；根据后文“always cheating to win”的语境，可知此处应表达“不诚实的”含义，honest的反义词为dishonest，符合语境。 25．The Bund is always ________ with visitors at weekends and during holidays. (crowd) 【答案】crowded 【详解】句意：每逢周末和节假日，外滩总是挤满了游客。根据所给空前面的is可知，应该填的是形容词作表语，固定搭配be crowded with意为“充满”。故填crowded。 26．After trying baking a cake for the first time, my family’s ________ encouraged me to try more baking recipes. (respond) 【答案】response 【详解】句意：在第一次尝试烤蛋糕后，我家人的反应鼓励我尝试更多的烘焙食谱。“my family’s”是名词所有格，后跟名词；respond的名词形式为response，意为“反应”。故填response。 27．Through safety training, we learned how to ________ correctly to a fire alarm. (response) 【答案】respond 【详解】句意：通过安全培训，我们学会了如何正确应对火警。response“响应”，名词；how to do sth“如何做某事”，此处应用动词respond“回应”。故填respond。 28．He held his son’s hand ________ while crossing the street. (firm) 【答案】firmly 【详解】句意：过马路时，他紧紧地握着儿子的手。此处应用副词修饰动词held，应用firmly“牢固地”。故填firmly。 29．The boy was the only one ________ in the car accident. (live) 【答案】alive 【详解】句意：这个男孩是车祸中唯一的幸存者。live“活着；生存”，此处需用形容词作后置定语修饰不定代词one，alive为live的形容词形式，意为“活着的”，常作后置定语。故填alive。 30．Suddenly, the ship ________ during the thunderstorm a few minutes ago. (sink) 【答案】sank 【详解】句意：几分钟前的雷暴中，这艘船突然沉没了。根据“a few minutes ago”可知，此处需用一般过去时来描述过去发生的动作，sink是动词，意为“沉没”，其过去式形式为sank。故填sank。 二、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 but, careful, woman, difficult, why, hour, try, he, watch, see Li Bai was a great poet in ancient China. Here’s a story of 31 . When Li Bai was young, he played a lot and didn’t study hard. He enjoyed things, such as 32 little birds in the trees and picking fruits on the hills in his free time. One day, he 33 an old woman by the river when he was playing there. The old woman was grinding an iron pestle (磨铁杵). “ 34 are you grinding the iron pestle?” Li Bai asked. “I want to make it into a needle,” the old woman answered. Li Bai thought it was fun and said, “Let me have a (n) 35 . Then he took the iron pestle and started to grind it. He got tired after working for 36 . Then he said, “Oh, it’s so 37 . I think you could hardly get it done.” The old woman said, “It’s not easy to make the pestle into a needle, 38 I can do it if I keep working hard.” The old 39 words made Li Bai think a lot. He kept them in mind. From then on, he studied very 40 , and in the end he became a great poet. 【答案】 31．him 32．watching 33．saw 34．Why 35．try 36．hours 37．difficult 38．but 39．woman’s 40．carefully 【导语】本文主要讲述了李白小时候的一个故事以及这个经历对他后来成为伟大诗人的影响。 【详解】31．句意：这是关于他的一个故事。根据“of”可知，后面接人称代词宾格形式，he的宾格是him，因此用him“他”。故填him。 32．句意：他喜欢一些事情，比如看树上的小鸟和在山上摘水果。根据“little birds”可知，是看鸟。such as后面接动词的动名词形式，因此用watch的动名词形式是watching。故填watching。 33．句意：一天，当他在那里玩耍的时候，他看到河边有一位老妇人。根据“old woman”可知，是看见一位老妇人，这里描述的是过去发生的事情，动词要用一般过去时，因此用see的过去式是saw。故填saw。 34．句意：“你为什么要磨这个铁杵？”李白问。根据答语“I want to make it into a needle”可知，这里是在询问原因，why表示“为什么”，放句首首字母大写。故填Why。 35．句意：让我试一下。have a try是固定短语，意为“试一试”，固定用法，因此用try“尝试”。故填try。 36．句意：他工作了几个小时后感到累了。根据“He got tired after working for”可知，是工作多时，因此用hour“小时”，可数名词，此处需用复数形式hours，表示“多个小时”。故填hours。 37．句意：然后他说：“哦，这太难了。我觉得你几乎不可能完成。”根据上文“He got tired after working for...”以及“I think you could hardly get it done.”可知，这里是说磨铁杵这件事很难，因此用difficult“困难的”，形容词作表语。故填difficult。 38．句意：老妇人说：“把铁杵磨成针不容易，但如果我继续努力，我就能做到。”根据“It’s not easy to make the pestle into a needle, I can do it if I keep working hard.”可知，前后句之间是转折关系，因此用but“但是”。故填but。 39．句意：这位老妇人的话让李白思考了很多。根据“words”可知，这里要用名词所有格形式，因此用woman的所有格是woman’s“老妇人的”。故填woman’s。 40．句意：从那时起，他学习非常认真，并且最终他成为了一位伟大的诗人。根据“studied”可知，要用副词来修饰，因此用careful的副词形式是carefully“认真地”。故填carefully。 三、语法选择   从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 There is a kind woman. She has a nice house 41 a big yard. In her yard, there 42 many flowers. One day, Bill comes to her yard. What beautiful flowers! Bill thinks the woman has a happy life. Then he finds that the woman can’t 43 anything. “ 44 do you plant these flowers here?” Bill asks. The woman smiles and says, “First, I love flowers. Second, I can’t see the flowers, but I can smell (闻) 45 . As for the last one, it’s you.” “Me? 46 you don’t know me.” “Yeah, I don’t know you. But as I know, everyone 47 flowers. Many people stop (停留) in front of my yard every day. The 48 make them happy. They also make me 49 with you here. They bring us great fun.” After reading the story, my dear students, what can you learn from 50 woman? 41．A．with B．under C．from 42．A．be B．is C．are 43．A．sees B．see C．seeing 44．A．When B．Where C．Why 45．A．they B．them C．their 46．A．But B．And C．Because 47．A．like B．likes C．to like 48．A．flower B．flowers C．flowers’ 49．A．talk B．to talk C．talking 50．A．a B．an C．the 【答案】 41．A 42．C 43．B 44．C 45．B 46．A 47．B 48．B 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位善良的女士，尽管自己看不见，但仍然种植花卉，使得周围的人们因此快乐。        41．句意：她有一座带大院子的漂亮房子。 with带着，和；under在……下面；from来自。根据“... a nice house... a big yard.”可知，空处指“带着”一个大院子的房子。故选A。 42．句意：在她的院子里，有很多花。 be是，原形；is是，主语是第三人称单数；are是，主语是第二人称或第一、三人称复数。many flowers为名词复数，be动词用are。 故选C。 43．句意：然后他发现这位女士看不到任何东西。 sees看到，动词第三人称单数；see看到，动词原形；seeing看到，现在分词或动名词。can’t为情态动词的否定式，其后跟动词原形。故选B。 44．句意：Bill问：“你为什么在这里种植这些花？” When何时；Where哪里；Why为什么。根据“First, I love flowers. Second, I can’t see the flowers”可知，这是种花的原因，故空处询问为什么种花。故选C。 45．句意：第二，我看不到花，但我能闻到它们。 they它们，主格；them它们，宾格；their它们的。动词smell后跟宾格作宾语。故选B。 46．句意：但你不认识我。 But但是；And并且；Because因为。根据空前后关系可知，空处表转折，需用连词but。故选A。 47．句意：但因为我知道，每个人都喜欢花。 like喜欢，动词原形；likes喜欢，动词第三人称单数；to like喜欢，动词不定式。因为是描述一般事实，因此时态为一般现在时，主语everyone为不定代词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 48．句意：这些花让他们快乐。 flower花，名词单数；flowers花，名词复数；flowers’花的。根据上文“What beautiful flowers!”和“make”可知，空处指“花”，需用名词复数。故选B。 49．句意：它们也让我和你在这里聊天。 talk谈话，动词原形；to talk谈话，动词不定式；talking谈话，现在分词或动名词。make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，空处需用动词原形。故选A。 50．句意：读完这个故事后，我亲爱的学生们，你们能从这位女士身上学到什么？ a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，表示特指。因上文提及过“woman”，因此空处表示特指，需用定冠词the。故选C。 四、短文填空 动词填空 Once upon a time, many frogs (青蛙) lived in a pond. There 51 (be) a king among them. One day, the king frog decided 52 (have) a competition. “There 53 (be) a tree near the pond. The one who climbs to the top of this tree 54 (be) the winner,” he said. All the frogs were excited to take part in the competition. As soon as it started, they began 55 (climb) quickly one by one. But many frogs 56 (fall) down. Some frogs 57 (feel) sad and stopped climbing. And some continued. The frogs who didn’t try said, “No one can do it. It’s impossible.” Some frogs heard this, and they 58 (lose) hope and stopped trying, too. But one frog 59 (not give) up. After many tries, he finally climbed to the top. All the other frogs were quite surprised. They all wanted to know how he was able to do it. The winning frog told them he couldn’t hear anything. He thought the frogs below were cheering (为……欢呼) for him, saying, “You can do it.” The kind words 60 (make) him try harder, and finally he could climb to the top. This story teaches us a lesson. We should not listen to negative (消极的) words from others. Instead, we should focus on our goals and work hard to achieve them. 【答案】 51．was 52．to have 53．is 54．will be 55．to climb/climbing 56．fell 57．felt 58．lost 59．didn’t give 60．made 【导语】本文讲述了一群青蛙参加比赛，只有一只听不见的青蛙最终成功爬到树顶。这个故事告诉我们不要听他人的负面言论，而是专注于目标并努力实现它们。 【详解】51．句意：其中有一只青蛙是它们中的国王。根据所给词和句中“Once upon a time, many frogs (青蛙) lived in a pond.”可知，此句用一般过去时。故填was。 52．句意：有一天，这只青蛙国王决定举行一场比赛。根据所给词和句中“the king frog decided”可知，此处表达决定进行一场比赛，使用搭配decide to do sth.，意为“决定做某事”。故填to have。 53．句意：池塘边有一棵树。根据所给词和句中“There”可知，此句为there be结构，时态为一般现在时，句中“a tree”表示单数，be动词用is。故填is。 54．句意：谁能爬到那棵树的顶端谁就能获胜。根据所给词和句中“The one who climbs to the top of this tree”可知，此处是说谁爬到树顶，谁就会获胜，使用一般将来时，其构成为“will do”，故填will be。 55．句意：比赛一开始，它们便一个接一个地迅速开始攀爬。根据所给词和句中“quickly one by one”可知，它们开始迅速攀爬，begin to do/doing sth.“开始做某事”。故填to climb/climbing。 56．句意：但许多青蛙还是摔了下来。根据所给词和前句“As soon as it started”可知，此句为一般过去时。故填fell。 57．句意：有些青蛙感到很沮丧，于是停止了攀爬。根据所给词和句中“stopped climbing”可知，此句用一般过去时。故填felt。 58．句意：一些青蛙听到了这些话，便失去了希望，也停止了尝试。根据所给词和句中“stopped trying, too”可知，此句用一般过去时。故填lost。 59．句意：但有一只青蛙没有放弃。根据所给词和后句中“After many tries, he finally climbed to the top.”可知，此句用一般过去时。句中“give”作谓语，要用助动词did构成否定。故填didn’t give。 60．句意：这些亲切的话语让他更加努力地尝试，最终他成功爬到了顶端。根据所给词和句中“and finally he could climb to the top.”可知，此句用一般过去时。故填made。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $