Welcome Unit 句子成分和基本句型（核心语法精练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以句子成分与基本句型为核心，构建“知识梳理-考点强化-综合应用”三阶训练体系，通过表格归纳与梯度题型培养语法分析能力，提升语言理解与表达的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|8类成分+8种句型|成分分类与句型判定（谓语动词决定句型）|从主干到修饰成分，五大基本句型为复杂句扩展基础| |考点夯基|单句成分分析+句型识别|成分定位法（如主语多为名词/代词）|由识别具体成分到整体句型构建，强化结构认知| |综合提升|3篇语法填空+阅读/写作|语境语法应用（如非谓语作状语）|语法知识向语篇迁移，培养逻辑分析与表达能力|

Welcome unit专项训练（语法） （句子成分和基本句型） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 11 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 12 三、综合提升 14 一、语法填空（模考真题） 14 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 18 英语句子成分和基本句型 （一）句子成分 英语句子由主干成分和修饰成分构成，主干决定句子基本结构，修饰成分补充信息。 （二）英语五大基本句型 所有复杂句都由五大基本句型扩展而来，核心：谓语动词决定句型。 1、主语+谓语（S + V） （不及物动词，无宾语，句意完整） 例：Time flies.（时光飞逝。） 2、主语+谓语+宾语（S + V + O） （及物动词，动作有承受对象） 例：We study English. 3、主语+系动词+表语（S + V + P） （系动词：be/look/sound/become/get 等，表主语状态） 例：He is a student. 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S + V + IO + DO） （双宾语：人 = 间接宾语 IO，物 = 直接宾语 DO） 例：I gave him a book. 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S + V + O + C） （补充宾语，使句意完整） 例：The news made me happy. 英语句子成分及基本句型 类别 成分/句型 构成 例句 句子成分 主语 名词、代词主格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等 I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。 谓语 动词，一般位于主语之后 He put the book on the table. 他把书放在桌上。 宾语 名词、代词宾格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等 I lost my school ID card. 我丢了校园卡。 表语 在连系动词之后的形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语等 My keys are in my schoolbag. 我的钥匙在书包里。 定语 形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词不定式、介词短语等 The white model plane is hers. 白色的飞机模型是她的。 状语 副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和分词短语等 Sports star eats well. 运动明星吃得很好。 宾语补足语 形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、分词等 The loud music makes me nervous. 吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。 同位语 名词、数词、代词或从句 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 句子基本句型 主语＋谓语 (S V) 谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。 The rain stopped. 雨停了。 主语＋谓语＋状语 (S V Ad) 谓语动词是不及物动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 The time passed quickly.时间过得很快。 主语＋系动词＋表语 (S V P) 系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，后面必须加上一个表明主语身份、特征、性质、状态等的表语。 My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是个护士。 主语＋谓语＋宾语 (S V O) 谓语动词是及物动词，表达的意思不完整，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、疑问词＋不定式、宾语从句等。 ①I love these types of books. 我爱读这些种类的书籍。 ②I know how to solve the problem.我知道如何解决这个问题。 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 (S V O Ad) 有时宾语后会接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等作状语。 ①I like to stay at home on Sundays.星期天我喜欢待在家里。 ②He turned his head around to look at the child.他扭头看向那个孩子。 主语＋谓语＋间宾＋直宾 (S V IO DO) 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。 ①He bought me a birthday present．他给我买了一份生日礼物。 ②I showed him my pictures．我给他看我的照片。 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (S V O C) 有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。 ①Mike told me 〈not to go now〉．迈克告诉我不要现在走。 ②They painted the door 〈green〉．他们把门漆成绿色。 There be 结构 There be ... 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be ... 属于倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be中的be有时可以用lie, exist, stand, happen to be, used to be, seem to be, appear to be等代替。 ①There are two people waiting outside.有两个人正在外面等候。 ②There happened to be nobody around.碰巧周围没有人。 思维导图 一、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1、Tom is a friendly boy. ________ 2、They often play basketball after school. ________ 3、The story is very interesting. ________ 4、We call him Uncle Li. ________ 5、She found the movie boring. ________ 答案：一、句子成分 1. 主语 2. 状语 3. 表语 4. 宾语补足语 5. 宾语补足语 二、指出下列句中句子成分+句型 1、Birds fly. 成分：________________ 句型：________________ 2、The cake tastes delicious. 成分：________________ 句型：________________ 3、He teaches us English. 成分：________________ 句型：________________ 4、We must keep our hands clean. 成分：________________ 句型：________________ 答案：二、句子成分+句型 1、Birds（主语），fly（谓语）；S+V 2、The cake（主语），tastes（系动词），delicious（表语）；S+V+P 3、He（主语），teaches（谓语），us（间接宾语），English（直接宾语）；S+V+IO+DO 4、We（主语），must keep（谓语），our hands（宾语），clean（宾语补足语）；S+V+O+C 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 01 （25-26高一下·浙江温州·期末） At the Temple of Heaven, 73-year-old Li Shuyun stands tall, her arms rising slowly above her head in a smooth movement, then 1 (reach) outward, hands open as though hugging the sky. The calming practice of baduanjin, 2 ancient Chinese form of exercise, fills the air with a sense of peace and focus. Graceful eight movements are designed to strengthen and balance the body’s energy, also 3 (know) as qi in Chinese philosophy. Dating back to the Song Dynasty, this practice is gaining new 4 (popular), especially among younger generations of Chinese 5 face the pressures of modern life. Ruan Yize, a 25-year-old PhD student, started practicing baduanjin in 2014, originally for fitness. After a sports injury in 2017, however, the young man realized 6 (it) true power. “It’s not just about physical fitness — it helps with mental health and emotional balance,” he said. 7 tough workouts or difficult gym programmes, baduanjin combines slow, soft movements with deep breathing and mental focus. And the best part is that no special equipment or a lot of space is required, making it a perfect practice for busy city residents. This 8 (evidence) by the practice’s rise among younger people, many of whom live inactive lifestyles and are 9 (continual) burdened by office stress. Whether practiced in a quiet living room 10 an open park, baduanjin offers a moment of calm balance in a busy world. 【答案】 1．reaching 2．an 3．known 4．popularity 5．who/that 6．its 7．Unlike 8．is evidenced 9．continually 10．or 【导语】文章介绍了中国传统养生功法八段锦，讲述其历史、功效，以及如今越来越多年轻人练习八段锦，以此舒缓现代生活压力的社会现象。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在天坛公园，73岁的李淑云（音译）身姿挺拔，双臂缓缓举过头顶，动作流畅，随后向外伸展，手掌张开，仿佛拥抱天空。此句已有谓语动词stands，空处应填非谓语形式；reach与逻辑主语her arms是主动关系，应用现在分词reaching作伴随状语。 2．考查冠词。句意：八段锦这种让人内心平静的锻炼方式，是一种古老的中国健身功法，让周遭充满宁静与专注的氛围。此处泛指“一种古老的形式”，ancient是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这套优雅的八式动作旨在强身健体、调和体内元气，元气在中国哲学中也被称作“气”。此句已有谓语are designed，空处应填非谓语形式；be known as是固定搭配，表示“被称作……”，作后置定语，修饰名词energy，应省略be动词，用过去分词known。 4．考查名词。句意：这套功法起源于宋代，如今再度走红，尤其深受面临现代生活压力的中国年轻一代的喜爱。形容词new后应接名词，popular的名词形式为popularity，意为“流行，普及”，是不可数名词，作gain的宾语。 5．考查定语从句。句意：这套功法起源于宋代，如今再度走红，尤其深受面临现代生活压力的中国年轻一 代的喜爱。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词是younger generations of Chinese，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that。 6．考查代词。句意：然而在2017年一次运动受伤后，这位年轻人意识到了它真正的力量。此处修饰名词true power，需用形容词性物主代词its，意为“它的”。 7．考查介词。句意：不同于高强度训练或是难度很大的健身房课程，八段锦将舒缓柔和的动作、深呼吸与精神专注融为一体。下文tough workouts or difficult gym programmes与baduanjin两者是对比的逻辑，此处表示“与……不同”，应填介词unlike，句首首字母大写。 8．考查谓语动词。句意：这套功法在年轻人中越来越受欢迎就印证了这一点，这些年轻人大多日常缺乏运动，还持续承受着职场压力。此句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语this和动词evidence之间是被动关系，表示“这一点被印证”，应填一般现在时的被动语态is evidenced。 9．考查副词。句意：这套功法在年轻人中越来越受欢迎就印证了这一点，这些年轻人大多日常缺乏运动，还持续承受着职场压力。此处修饰动词burdened，需用副词形式continually，意为“持续地，不断地”，在句中作状语。 10．考查连词。句意：无论是在安静的客厅，还是开阔的公园里练习，八段锦都能让人们在喧嚣的世界里获得片刻的平静与身心平衡。whether... or... 是固定搭配，意为“无论……还是……”。 Passage 02 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题） Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 1 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and 2 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to 3 Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication 4 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 5 (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items 6 what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 7 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 8 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before 9 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 10 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 【答案】 1．to be held 2．frequency 3．the 4．were 5．necessities 6．for 7．Drawn 8．that/which 9．heading 10．cheaper 【导语】 本文主要介绍了中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们也常常在传统节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be held。 2．考查名词。句意：大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语，应用名词形式frequency，表示“频率”，不可数名词。 3．考查冠词。句意：大集起源于古代民间以物易物的习俗，可追溯至汉朝。专有名词Han Dynasty特指“汉朝”，需用定冠词the限定。 4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于当时交通和通讯都不发达，家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语，时间状语“at that time”表明用一般过去时态，主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念，谓语用复数形式were。 5．考查名词复数。句意同上。名词necessity意为“必需品”时通常用复数形式，泛指日常所需的多种物品。 6．考查介词。句意：作为解决办法，人们在固定的日子里聚集到特定地点，用自己多余的物品来交换自己需要的东西。“trade A for B”是固定搭配，表示“用A交换B”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：被街头小吃的香味所吸引，他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语，draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；且位于句首，首字母大写。 8．考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。提示词作后置定语修饰prices，且设空处后有“than”，应用比较级cheaper。 Passage 03 （26-27高一·全国·暑假作业） Space exploration has always been a dream for humans. 1 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go into space. Over eight years 2 (late), American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon. He famously said, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for 3 (mankind).” All the astronauts on the USSR’s Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger 4 (die) during their missions. These disasters made everyone sad, 5 the desire to explore the universe never died. China’s space programme started later 6 those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress. China became the third country 7 (send) humans into space independently in 2003. The International Space Station orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, 8 (provide) a continuous human presence in space. Exploring space has promoted technological 9 (improve) that benefit us all. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future 10 (discover) will help us understand how the universe began. 【答案】 1．On 2．later 3．mankind 4．died 5．but 6．than 7．to send 8．providing 9．improvements 10．discoveries 【导语】 文章主要介绍了人类太空探索的发展历程，讲述了不同国家在太空探索进程中的成果与牺牲，说明了太空探索给全人类带来的益处，以及科学家对未来太空探索发展的期许。 【详解】 1．考查介词。句意：1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为首位进入太空的人。此处表示在具体的某一天，具体日期前需要用介词on，句首单词首字母需大写。 2．考查副词。句意：八年多之后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上了月球。“一段时间+later”是常用时间表达结构，表示“……之后”，late表示“迟的、晚的”，变形为副词later符合此处语境要求。 3．考查名词。句意：他有句名言：“对个人来说是一小步，对人类来说是一大步。”介词for后需名词作宾语，mankind意为“人类”，是不可数名词，此处不需要变形。 4．考查时态。句意：苏联联盟11号和美国挑战者号上的所有宇航员都在任务中丧生。本句描述过去发生的历史事件，要用一般过去时，die的过去式为died。 5．考查连词。句意：这些灾难让所有人悲痛不已，但是探索宇宙的渴望从未熄灭。空格前后两个分句为转折逻辑关系，需要用转折连词连接，but符合语义逻辑。 6．考查连词。句意：中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国的太空项目。句中later是late的比较级，此处需要用than引出比较对象。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国在2003年成为第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。当名词被序数词修饰时，要用动词不定式作后置定语，此处名词country被序数词third修饰，因此用send的不定式形式to send。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：国际空间站绕地球运行，有来自不同国家的宇航员在站，使得太空一直维持人类驻留。句子已有谓语动词orbits及has，空格处作伴随状语，主语The International Space Station和动词provide之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式providing。 9．考查名词。句意：太空探索推动了技术进步，这些进步惠及我们所有人。technological是形容词，需要修饰名词，定语从句的谓语动词benefit是复数形式，说明先行词为复数名词，improve是动词，其名词形式为improvement，复数为improvements。 10．考查名词。句意：尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现能够帮助我们了解宇宙是如何起源的。future在此处作形容词修饰名词，空格处是句子主语，泛指未来的多项发现，需要用可数名词复数，discover是动词，其名词形式为discovery，复数为discoveries。 二、完形填空 （25-26高一下·江苏无锡·期中） When I was in my early twenties, I had a family with young children to support. With only an English degree, I found it hard to 1 a suitable job, feeling worried and uncertain about my future. One day, I applied for a sales 2 at a jewelry company. As the interviewer outlined the daily 3 like selling gold and silver items, an inner voice asked me, “Am I really doing what I’m meant to do?” Knowing the answer was “No”, I politely 4 the job, following my heart and guided by my inner sense of 5 . In time, I returned to school to 6 an education degree and went on to become a teacher, finding 7 in helping students learn, grow and chart their own life direction. Before long, I learned my two sons had autism (自闭症). This led me to 8 teaching and I stayed home to look after them. My later life journey was 9 — filled with sleepless nights and countless therapy sessions. Yet, challenging as it was, 10 my sons brought me unexpected warmth. I recorded my life 11 in writing and sharing my stories far and wide. Finally, I came to realize these life experiences led me to live a life that really suited me. The 12 of that day touches everyone deeply. Each of us has a purpose. Finding it may take a lot of time and lead us down a(n) 13 path. Yet it is never too late to make a 14 : follow your heart, live fully, love deeply and become who you are 15 to be. 1．A．secure B．design C．provide D．create 2．A．business B．office C．post D．order 3．A．supplies B．tasks C．necessities D．reports 4．A．extended B．adjusted C．refused D．confirmed 5．A．desire B．hope C．drive D．purpose 6．A．require B．grant C．maintain D．earn 7．A．fulfillment B．excitement C．support D．confidence 8．A．improve B．quit C．assist D．miss 9．A．costly B．tough C．lonely D．dangerous 10．A．believing in B．playing with C．attending to D．thinking of 11．A．strategies B．chapters C．experiences D．stages 12．A．interview B．topic C．case D．question 13．A．beaten B．unsafe C．given D．unexpected 14．A．choice B．request C．promise D．difference 15．A．allowed B．meant C．encouraged D．told 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．D 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】 文章讲述了作者年轻时放弃不适合的销售工作、转而成为教师，后因儿子患自闭症辞职照顾他们，最终通过记录和分享生活经历，认识到追随内心和人生目标的重要性。 【详解】 1．考查动词。句意：仅仅拥有一个英语学位，我很难获得一份合适的工作，感到对未来担忧和不确定。A. secure获得；B. design设计；C. provide提供；D. create创造。根据上文“With only an English degree”可知，作者当时仅有一个英语学位，表明他很难获得一份合适的工作，secure a job是常用搭配，意为“获得一份工作”。 2．考查名词。句意：有一天，我申请了一家珠宝公司的销售职位。A. business商业；B. office办公室； C. post职位；D. order订单。根据上文“I found it hard to ____ a suitable job”可知，作者当时处于找工作的状态，因此是申请了一家珠宝公司的销售职位。 3．考查名词。句意：当面试官概述了诸如销售金银饰品之类的日常任务时，一个内心的声音问我：“我真的在做我注定要做的事情吗？”A. supplies供应品；B. tasks任务；C. necessities必需品；D. reports报告。根据下文“like selling gold and silver items”可知，销售金银饰品属于销售岗位的日常任务。 4．考查动词。句意：知道答案是“不”之后，我礼貌地拒绝了这份工作，跟随我的内心，并受我内在的目标感指引。A. extended延伸；B. adjusted调整；C. refused拒绝；D. confirmed确认。根据上文“Knowing the answer was “No””可知，作者内心知道答案是否定的，于是礼貌地拒绝了这份工作。 5．考查名词。句意：知道答案是“不”之后，我礼貌地拒绝了这份工作，跟随我的内心，并受我内在的目标感指引。A. desire渴望；B. hope希望；C. drive驱动力；D. purpose目的。根据下文“Each of us has a purpose.”可知，此处是purpose“目的”的同词复现，作者跟随内心，受内在目标感的指引。 6．考查动词。句意：后来，我回到学校获得了教育学位，并成为了一名教师，在帮助学生学习和成长、规划自己的人生方向中找到了满足感。A. require要求；B. grant授予；C. maintain维持；D. earn获得。根据上文“With only an English degree”可知，作者当时仅有一个英语学位，因此重返学校是去获得教育学位，earn a degree是常用搭配，意为“获得学位”。 7．考查名词。句意：后来，我回到学校获得了教育学位，并成为了一名教师，在帮助学生学习和成长、规划自己的人生方向中找到了满足感。A. fulfillment满足（感）；B. excitement兴奋；C. support支持；D. confidence信心。根据下文“in helping students learn, grow and chart their own life direction”可知，成为教师的作者在帮助学生学习和成长中获得了满足感。 8．考查动词。句意：这导致我辞去了教学工作，待在家里照顾他们。A. improve改善；B. quit离任；C. assist协助；D. miss错过。根据下文“I stayed home to look after them”可知，作者待在家里照顾两个儿子，表明他辞去了教学工作。 9．考查形容词。句意：我后来的人生旅程是艰难的——充满了不眠之夜和无数次的治疗课程。A. costly昂贵的；B. tough艰难的；C. lonely孤独的；D. dangerous危险的。根据下文“filled with sleepless nights and countless therapy sessions”可知，作者的生活充满不眠之夜和无数治疗课程，说明生活很艰难。 10．考查动词短语。句意：然而，尽管充满挑战，照顾我的儿子们却给我带来了意想不到的温暖。A. believing in相信；B. playing with与……玩耍；C. attending to照料；D. thinking of想起。根据上文“I stayed home to look after them”可知，此处需用look after的近义表达attending to“照顾”，说明照顾儿子给作者带来了意想不到的温暖。 11．考查名词。句意：我通过写作记录了我的人生经历，并广泛分享我的故事。A. strategies策略；B. chapters章节；C. experiences经历；D. stages阶段。根据下文“Finally, I came to realize these life experiences led me to live a life that really suited me.”可知，此处是experiences“经历”的同词复现，作者通过写作记录并分享自己的人生经历。 12．考查名词。句意：那一天的那个问题深深触动着每一个人。A. interview面试；B. topic话题；C. case案例；D. question问题。根据上文“Am I really doing what I’m meant to do?”可知，作者在面试时内心有了疑问，这个问题触动了每个人。 13．考查形容词。句意：找到它可能需要很长时间，并带领我们走上一条意想不到的道路。A. beaten踏平的；B. unsafe不安全的；C. given假定的；D. unexpected意想不到的。根据上文叙述的作者的曲折人生经历可知，找到人生目标可能会带领我们走上一条意想不到的道路。 14．考查名词。句意：然而，做出选择永远都不晚：跟随你的内心，充实地生活，深爱他人，成为你注定成为的人。A. choice选择；B. request请求；C. promise承诺；D. difference差异。根据下文“follow your heart”可知，作者鼓励读者去做出选择，跟随自己的内心。 15．考查动词。句意：然而，做出选择永远都不晚：跟随你的内心，充实地生活，深爱他人，成为你注定成为的人。A. allowed允许；B. meant打算；C. encouraged鼓励；D. told告诉。根据上文“Am I really doing what I’m meant to do?”可知，此处是固定短语be meant to的同词复现，意为“注定要”，作者在鼓励读者跟随内心，成为自己注定成为的人。 三、阅读理解 （25-26高一下·河北保定·阶段检测） I used to admire movie stars and singers for their popularity and wealth, but I never truly knew them. As I grew up, I realized the best role model was right beside me — my grandfather. He is the only person who entered my life and made me look at things differently. 1 My grandfather had a tough childhood. Orphaned (成为孤儿) at a young age, he was the oldest of seven children and had to work on a small farm to feed his younger brothers and sisters. 2 He studied hard and became an agricultural scientist, even becoming an excellent specialist. His perseverance (坚持不懈) taught me that building upon the principles of hard work and seeking excellence on the silent dream would make wishes come true one day. 3 He gave so much to the community so that when I went anywhere with him, the adults and children loved and admired him. My grandfather taught me how to give respect and how to earn it for myself. He also encouraged me to be an honest and gentle person. Being with him was like experiencing life to the fullest and perfecting my good morals and values. Grandfather was always positive, no matter how hard life was. 4 When I asked him if he regretted his tough past, he answered me with a brave smile, “Problems are really part of what makes life worth living.” I learned from him that the mix of being positive and thinking realistically can help me get through life even in difficult situations. When Grandfather passed away one winter morning, I was heartbroken. 5 The lessons he taught me about hard work, kindness and positivity will guide me through all challenges. I will always model myself on him. A．However, he never gave up on his dream. B．But I knew his spirit would be a part of me. C．He struggled to help his family make ends meet. D．He always looked for the good in every situation. E．He spent most of his life helping the poor in the countryside. F．What impressed me most was his kindness and moral values. G．He has guided me perfectly by giving examples from his past. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．F 4．D 5．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者由崇拜明星到以祖父为榜样的心路历程，赞扬了其坚韧善良的品质。 【详解】 1．上文“He is the only person who entered my life and made me look at things differently.(他是唯一一个进入我生活的人，让我以不同的眼光看待事物)”说明祖父是唯一进入我生活并改变我看世界方式的人。空处承接前文，具体说明他如何影响我。所以G项“他通过讲述自己的过往为我提供了完美的指引。”符合语境，且G项中的“giving examples from his past”与下文介绍祖父身世的内容相呼应。 2．上文“Orphaned at a young age, he was the oldest of seven children and had to work on a small farm to feed his younger brothers and sisters.(他很小的时候就成了孤儿，是七个孩子中最大的一个，不得不在一个小农场工作来养活他的弟弟妹妹)”说明祖父童年艰难，身为长子需打工养家。下文“ He studied hard and became an agricultural scientist, even becoming an excellent specialist. (他努力学习，成为一名农业科学家，甚至成为一名优秀的专家)”讲述他刻苦学习成为农业科学家。空处与上文构成转折关系，说明他在困境中的选择。所以A项“然而，他从未放弃他的梦想。”符合语境。A项中的“never gave up on his dream”与下文他努力学习并成为科学家的内容相呼应。 3．下文“He gave so much to the community so that when I went anywhere with him, the adults and children loved and admired him. My grandfather taught me how to give respect and how to earn it for myself. He also encouraged me to be an honest and gentle person. Being with him was like experiencing life to the fullest and perfecting my good morals and values.(他为社区付出了很多，所以当我和他一起去任何地方时，大人和孩子们都爱他，钦佩他。我祖父教我如何给予尊重，以及如何为自己赢得尊重。他还鼓励我做一个诚实温柔的人。和他在一起就像充分体验生活，完善我的良好道德和价值观)”说明祖父对社区贡献巨大并教导我尊重他人。空处位于段首，总领全段。所以F项“最让我印象深刻的是他的善良和道德价值观。”符合语境。F项中的“kindness and moral values”概括了本段提到的社区贡献和品德教育。 4．上文“Grandfather was always positive, no matter how hard life was.(无论生活多么艰难，祖父总是很积极)”说明祖父无论生活多么艰难总是积极乐观。空处承接前文，进一步解释他的这种积极态度。所以D项“他总是在每一种境遇中寻找美好的一面。”符合语境。D项中的“looked for the good in every situation”是对上文“positive”的具体阐释。 5．上文“When Grandfather passed away one winter morning, I was heartbroken.(一个冬天的早晨，爷爷去世了，我伤心欲绝)”说明祖父去世让作者心碎。下文“The lessons he taught me about hard work, kindness and positivity will guide me through all challenges. I will always model myself on him.(他教给我的关于努力工作、善良和积极性的课程将指导我度过所有挑战。我将永远以他为榜样)”说明祖父的影响延续。空处与上文构成转折关系，表明祖父的精神遗产仍在，引出下文。所以B项“但我知道他的精神将是我的一部分。”符合语境。B项中的“his spirit would be a part of me”与下文他的教诲将继续指引我相呼应。 四、应用文写作 （26-27高一·全国·暑假作业） 外教Lisa要求大家在下周一的口语课上分享各自学习英语的好方法。请你据此写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.介绍你的方法； 2.简要说明理由。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Good morning, everyone. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Good morning, everyone. I’m here to share with you some practical ways to learn English. First of all, I immerse myself in the language as much as possible by appreciating English movies, TV shows, and music. This method is effective because it exposes me to a variety of accents, which improves my listening skills. Additionally, I practice speaking English aloud and talking to myself about my day or any topic that comes to mind. This practice helps strengthen what I’ve learned and builds up confidence in my spoken English. Thank you for listening. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生根据提示内容写一篇发言稿，分享自己学英语的方法。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 有效的：effective→efficacious 各种各样的：a variety of→diverse 提高：improve→enhance 有助于：help→facilitate 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：This practice helps strengthen what I’ve learned and builds up confidence in my spoken English. 拓展句：This practice helps strengthen the knowledge I’ve learned and builds up confidence in my spoken English. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This method is effective because it exposes me to a variety of accents, which improves my listening skills.（运用了because引导原因状语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Additionally, I practice speaking English aloud and talking to myself about my day or any topic that comes to mind.（运用了that引导定语从句） 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Welcome unit专项训练（语法） （句子成分和基本句型） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 11 三、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 12 三、综合提升 14 一、语法填空（模考真题） 14 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 18 英语句子成分和基本句型 （一）句子成分 英语句子由主干成分和修饰成分构成，主干决定句子基本结构，修饰成分补充信息。 （二）英语五大基本句型 所有复杂句都由五大基本句型扩展而来，核心：谓语动词决定句型。 1、主语+谓语（S + V） （不及物动词，无宾语，句意完整） 例：Time flies.（时光飞逝。） 2、主语+谓语+宾语（S + V + O） （及物动词，动作有承受对象） 例：We study English. 3、主语+系动词+表语（S + V + P） （系动词：be/look/sound/become/get 等，表主语状态） 例：He is a student. 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S + V + IO + DO） （双宾语：人 = 间接宾语 IO，物 = 直接宾语 DO） 例：I gave him a book. 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S + V + O + C） （补充宾语，使句意完整） 例：The news made me happy. 英语句子成分及基本句型 类别 成分/句型 构成 例句 句子成分 主语 名词、代词主格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等 I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。 谓语 动词，一般位于主语之后 He put the book on the table. 他把书放在桌上。 宾语 名词、代词宾格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等 I lost my school ID card. 我丢了校园卡。 表语 在连系动词之后的形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语等 My keys are in my schoolbag. 我的钥匙在书包里。 定语 形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词不定式、介词短语等 The white model plane is hers. 白色的飞机模型是她的。 状语 副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和分词短语等 Sports star eats well. 运动明星吃得很好。 宾语补足语 形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、分词等 The loud music makes me nervous. 吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。 同位语 名词、数词、代词或从句 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 句子基本句型 主语＋谓语 (S V) 谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。 The rain stopped. 雨停了。 主语＋谓语＋状语 (S V Ad) 谓语动词是不及物动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 The time passed quickly.时间过得很快。 主语＋系动词＋表语 (S V P) 系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，后面必须加上一个表明主语身份、特征、性质、状态等的表语。 My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是个护士。 主语＋谓语＋宾语 (S V O) 谓语动词是及物动词，表达的意思不完整，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、疑问词＋不定式、宾语从句等。 ①I love these types of books. 我爱读这些种类的书籍。 ②I know how to solve the problem.我知道如何解决这个问题。 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 (S V O Ad) 有时宾语后会接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等作状语。 ①I like to stay at home on Sundays. 星期天我喜欢待在家里。 ②He turned his head around to look at the child.他扭头看向那个孩子。 主语＋谓语＋间宾＋直宾 (S V IO DO) 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。 ①He bought me a birthday present．他给我买了一份生日礼物。 ②I showed him my pictures．我给他看我的照片。 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (S V O C) 有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。 ①Mike told me not to go now． 迈克告诉我不要现在走。 ②They painted the door green． 他们把门漆成绿色。 There be 结构 There be ... 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be ... 属于倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be中的be有时可以用lie, exist, stand, happen to be, used to be, seem to be, appear to be等代替。 ①There are two people waiting outside.有两个人正在外面等候。 ②There happened to be nobody around.碰巧周围没有人。 思维导图 一、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1、Tom is a friendly boy. ________ 2、They often play basketball after school. ________ 3、The story is very interesting. ________ 4、We call him Uncle Li. ________ 5、She found the movie boring. ________ 二、指出下列句中句子成分+句型 1、Birds fly. 成分：________________ 句型：________________ 2、The cake tastes delicious. 成分：________________ 句型：________________ 3、He teaches us English. 成分：________________ 句型：________________ 4、We must keep our hands clean. 成分：________________ 句型：________________ 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 01 （25-26高一下·浙江温州·期末） At the Temple of Heaven, 73-year-old Li Shuyun stands tall, her arms rising slowly above her head in a smooth movement, then 1 (reach) outward, hands open as though hugging the sky. The calming practice of baduanjin, 2 ancient Chinese form of exercise, fills the air with a sense of peace and focus. Graceful eight movements are designed to strengthen and balance the body’s energy, also 3 (know) as qi in Chinese philosophy. Dating back to the Song Dynasty, this practice is gaining new 4 (popular), especially among younger generations of Chinese 5 face the pressures of modern life. Ruan Yize, a 25-year-old PhD student, started practicing baduanjin in 2014, originally for fitness. After a sports injury in 2017, however, the young man realized 6 (it) true power. “It’s not just about physical fitness — it helps with mental health and emotional balance,” he said. 7 tough workouts or difficult gym programmes, baduanjin combines slow, soft movements with deep breathing and mental focus. And the best part is that no special equipment or a lot of space is required, making it a perfect practice for busy city residents. This 8 (evidence) by the practice’s rise among younger people, many of whom live inactive lifestyles and are 9 (continual) burdened by office stress. Whether practiced in a quiet living room 10 an open park, baduanjin offers a moment of calm balance in a busy world. Passage 02 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题） Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 1 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and 2 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to 3 Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication 4 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 5 (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items 6 what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 7 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 8 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before 9 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 10 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. Passage 03 （26-27高一·全国·暑假作业） Space exploration has always been a dream for humans. 1 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go into space. Over eight years 2 (late), American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon. He famously said, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for 3 (mankind).” All the astronauts on the USSR’s Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger 4 (die) during their missions. These disasters made everyone sad, 5 the desire to explore the universe never died. China’s space programme started later 6 those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress. China became the third country 7 (send) humans into space independently in 2003. The International Space Station orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, 8 (provide) a continuous human presence in space. Exploring space has promoted technological 9 (improve) that benefit us all. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future 10 (discover) will help us understand how the universe began. 二、完形填空 （25-26高一下·江苏无锡·期中） When I was in my early twenties, I had a family with young children to support. With only an English degree, I found it hard to 1 a suitable job, feeling worried and uncertain about my future. One day, I applied for a sales 2 at a jewelry company. As the interviewer outlined the daily 3 like selling gold and silver items, an inner voice asked me, “Am I really doing what I’m meant to do?” Knowing the answer was “No”, I politely 4 the job, following my heart and guided by my inner sense of 5 . In time, I returned to school to 6 an education degree and went on to become a teacher, finding 7 in helping students learn, grow and chart their own life direction. Before long, I learned my two sons had autism (自闭症). This led me to 8 teaching and I stayed home to look after them. My later life journey was 9 — filled with sleepless nights and countless therapy sessions. Yet, challenging as it was, 10 my sons brought me unexpected warmth. I recorded my life 11 in writing and sharing my stories far and wide. Finally, I came to realize these life experiences led me to live a life that really suited me. The 12 of that day touches everyone deeply. Each of us has a purpose. Finding it may take a lot of time and lead us down a(n) 13 path. Yet it is never too late to make a 14 : follow your heart, live fully, love deeply and become who you are 15 to be. 1．A．secure B．design C．provide D．create 2．A．business B．office C．post D．order 3．A．supplies B．tasks C．necessities D．reports 4．A．extended B．adjusted C．refused D．confirmed 5．A．desire B．hope C．drive D．purpose 6．A．require B．grant C．maintain D．earn 7．A．fulfillment B．excitement C．support D．confidence 8．A．improve B．quit C．assist D．miss 9．A．costly B．tough C．lonely D．dangerous 10．A．believing in B．playing with C．attending to D．thinking of 11．A．strategies B．chapters C．experiences D．stages 12．A．interview B．topic C．case D．question 13．A．beaten B．unsafe C．given D．unexpected 14．A．choice B．request C．promise D．difference 15．A．allowed B．meant C．encouraged D．told 三、阅读理解 （25-26高一下·河北保定·阶段检测） I used to admire movie stars and singers for their popularity and wealth, but I never truly knew them. As I grew up, I realized the best role model was right beside me — my grandfather. He is the only person who entered my life and made me look at things differently. 1 My grandfather had a tough childhood. Orphaned (成为孤儿) at a young age, he was the oldest of seven children and had to work on a small farm to feed his younger brothers and sisters. 2 He studied hard and became an agricultural scientist, even becoming an excellent specialist. His perseverance (坚持不懈) taught me that building upon the principles of hard work and seeking excellence on the silent dream would make wishes come true one day. 3 He gave so much to the community so that when I went anywhere with him, the adults and children loved and admired him. My grandfather taught me how to give respect and how to earn it for myself. He also encouraged me to be an honest and gentle person. Being with him was like experiencing life to the fullest and perfecting my good morals and values. Grandfather was always positive, no matter how hard life was. 4 When I asked him if he regretted his tough past, he answered me with a brave smile, “Problems are really part of what makes life worth living.” I learned from him that the mix of being positive and thinking realistically can help me get through life even in difficult situations. When Grandfather passed away one winter morning, I was heartbroken. 5 The lessons he taught me about hard work, kindness and positivity will guide me through all challenges. I will always model myself on him. A．However, he never gave up on his dream. B．But I knew his spirit would be a part of me. C．He struggled to help his family make ends meet. D．He always looked for the good in every situation. E．He spent most of his life helping the poor in the countryside. F．What impressed me most was his kindness and moral values. G．He has guided me perfectly by giving examples from his past. 四、应用文写作 （26-27高一·全国·暑假作业） 外教Lisa要求大家在下周一的口语课上分享各自学习英语的好方法。请你据此写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1.介绍你的方法； 2.简要说明理由。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Good morning, everyone. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Welcome unit专项训练（语法） （句子成分和基本句型） 参考答案 考点夯基 答案：一、句子成分 1. 主语 2. 状语 3. 表语 4. 宾语补足语 5. 宾语补足语 答案：二、句子成分+句型 1、Birds（主语），fly（谓语）；S+V 2、The cake（主语），tastes（系动词），delicious（表语）；S+V+P 3、He（主语），teaches（谓语），us（间接宾语），English（直接宾语）；S+V+IO+DO 4、We（主语），must keep（谓语），our hands（宾语），clean（宾语补足语）；S+V+O+C 综合提升 一、语法填空 Passage 01 【答案】 1．reaching 2．an 3．known 4．popularity 5．who/that 6．its 7．Unlike 8．is evidenced 9．continually 10．or 【导语】文章介绍了中国传统养生功法八段锦，讲述其历史、功效，以及如今越来越多年轻人练习八段锦，以此舒缓现代生活压力的社会现象。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在天坛公园，73岁的李淑云（音译）身姿挺拔，双臂缓缓举过头顶，动作流畅，随后向外伸展，手掌张开，仿佛拥抱天空。此句已有谓语动词stands，空处应填非谓语形式；reach与逻辑主语her arms是主动关系，应用现在分词reaching作伴随状语。 2．考查冠词。句意：八段锦这种让人内心平静的锻炼方式，是一种古老的中国健身功法，让周遭充满宁静与专注的氛围。此处泛指“一种古老的形式”，ancient是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这套优雅的八式动作旨在强身健体、调和体内元气，元气在中国哲学中也被称作“气”。此句已有谓语are designed，空处应填非谓语形式；be known as是固定搭配，表示“被称作……”，作后置定语，修饰名词energy，应省略be动词，用过去分词known。 4．考查名词。句意：这套功法起源于宋代，如今再度走红，尤其深受面临现代生活压力的中国年轻一代的喜爱。形容词new后应接名词，popular的名词形式为popularity，意为“流行，普及”，是不可数名词，作gain的宾语。 5．考查定语从句。句意：这套功法起源于宋代，如今再度走红，尤其深受面临现代生活压力的中国年轻一 代的喜爱。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词是younger generations of Chinese，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that。 6．考查代词。句意：然而在2017年一次运动受伤后，这位年轻人意识到了它真正的力量。此处修饰名词true power，需用形容词性物主代词its，意为“它的”。 7．考查介词。句意：不同于高强度训练或是难度很大的健身房课程，八段锦将舒缓柔和的动作、深呼吸与精神专注融为一体。下文tough workouts or difficult gym programmes与baduanjin两者是对比的逻辑，此处表示“与……不同”，应填介词unlike，句首首字母大写。 8．考查谓语动词。句意：这套功法在年轻人中越来越受欢迎就印证了这一点，这些年轻人大多日常缺乏运动，还持续承受着职场压力。此句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语this和动词evidence之间是被动关系，表示“这一点被印证”，应填一般现在时的被动语态is evidenced。 9．考查副词。句意：这套功法在年轻人中越来越受欢迎就印证了这一点，这些年轻人大多日常缺乏运动，还持续承受着职场压力。此处修饰动词burdened，需用副词形式continually，意为“持续地，不断地”，在句中作状语。 10．考查连词。句意：无论是在安静的客厅，还是开阔的公园里练习，八段锦都能让人们在喧嚣的世界里获得片刻的平静与身心平衡。whether... or... 是固定搭配，意为“无论……还是……”。 Passage 02 【答案】 1．to be held 2．frequency 3．the 4．were 5．necessities 6．for 7．Drawn 8．that/which 9．heading 10．cheaper 【导语】 本文主要介绍了中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们也常常在传统节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be held。 2．考查名词。句意：大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语，应用名词形式frequency，表示“频率”，不可数名词。 3．考查冠词。句意：大集起源于古代民间以物易物的习俗，可追溯至汉朝。专有名词Han Dynasty特指“汉朝”，需用定冠词the限定。 4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于当时交通和通讯都不发达，家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语，时间状语“at that time”表明用一般过去时态，主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念，谓语用复数形式were。 5．考查名词复数。名词necessity意为“必需品”时通常用复数形式，泛指日常所需的多种物品。 6．考查介词。句意：作为解决办法，人们在固定的日子里聚集到特定地点，用自己多余的物品来交换自己需要的东西。“trade A for B”是固定搭配，表示“用A交换B”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：被街头小吃的香味所吸引，他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语，draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；且位于句首，首字母大写。 8．考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。提示词作后置定语修饰prices，且设空处后有“than”，应用比较级cheaper。 Passage 03 【答案】 1．On 2．later 3．mankind 4．died 5．but 6．than 7．to send 8．providing 9．improvements 10．discoveries 【导语】 文章主要介绍了人类太空探索的发展历程，讲述了不同国家在太空探索进程中的成果与牺牲，说明了太空探索给全人类带来的益处，以及科学家对未来太空探索发展的期许。 【详解】 1．考查介词。句意：1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为首位进入太空的人。此处表示在具体的某一天，具体日期前需要用介词on，句首单词首字母需大写。 2．考查副词。句意：八年多之后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上了月球。“一段时间+later”是常用时间表达结构，表示“……之后”，late表示“迟的、晚的”，变形为副词later符合此处语境要求。 3．考查名词。句意：他有句名言：“对个人来说是一小步，对人类来说是一大步。”介词for后需名词作宾语，mankind意为“人类”，是不可数名词，此处不需要变形。 4．考查时态。句意：苏联联盟11号和美国挑战者号上的所有宇航员都在任务中丧生。本句描述过去发生的历史事件，要用一般过去时，die的过去式为died。 5．考查连词。句意：这些灾难让所有人悲痛不已，但是探索宇宙的渴望从未熄灭。空格前后两个分句为转折逻辑关系，需要用转折连词连接，but符合语义逻辑。 6．考查连词。句意：中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国的太空项目。句中later是late的比较级，此处需要用than引出比较对象。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国在2003年成为第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。当名词被序数词修饰时，要用动词不定式作后置定语，此处名词country被序数词third修饰，因此用send的不定式形式to send。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：国际空间站绕地球运行，有来自不同国家的宇航员在站，使得太空一直维持人类驻留。句子已有谓语动词orbits及has，空格处作伴随状语，主语The International Space Station和动词provide之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式providing。 9．考查名词。句意：太空探索推动了技术进步，这些进步惠及我们所有人。technological是形容词，需要修饰名词，定语从句的谓语动词benefit是复数形式，说明先行词为复数名词，improve是动词，其名词形式为improvement，复数为improvements。 10．考查名词。句意：尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现能够帮助我们了解宇宙是如何起源的。future在此处作形容词修饰名词，空格处是句子主语，泛指未来的多项发现，需要用可数名词复数，discover是动词，其名词形式为discovery，复数为discoveries。 二、完形填空 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．D 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】 文章讲述了作者年轻时放弃不适合的销售工作、转而成为教师，后因儿子患自闭症辞职照顾他们，最终通过记录和分享生活经历，认识到追随内心和人生目标的重要性。 【详解】 1．考查动词。句意：仅仅拥有一个英语学位，我很难获得一份合适的工作，感到对未来担忧和不确定。A. secure获得；B. design设计；C. provide提供；D. create创造。根据上文“With only an English degree”可知，作者当时仅有一个英语学位，表明他很难获得一份合适的工作，secure a job是常用搭配，意为“获得一份工作”。 2．考查名词。句意：有一天，我申请了一家珠宝公司的销售职位。A. business商业；B. office办公室； C. post职位；D. order订单。根据上文“I found it hard to ____ a suitable job”可知，作者当时处于找工作的状态，因此是申请了一家珠宝公司的销售职位。 3．考查名词。句意：当面试官概述了诸如销售金银饰品之类的日常任务时，一个内心的声音问我：“我真的在做我注定要做的事情吗？”A. supplies供应品；B. tasks任务；C. necessities必需品；D. reports报告。根据下文“like selling gold and silver items”可知，销售金银饰品属于销售岗位的日常任务。 4．考查动词。句意：知道答案是“不”之后，我礼貌地拒绝了这份工作，跟随我的内心，并受我内在的目标感指引。A. extended延伸；B. adjusted调整；C. refused拒绝；D. confirmed确认。根据上文“Knowing the answer was “No””可知，作者内心知道答案是否定的，于是礼貌地拒绝了这份工作。 5．考查名词。句意：知道答案是“不”之后，我礼貌地拒绝了这份工作，跟随我的内心，并受我内在的目标感指引。A. desire渴望；B. hope希望；C. drive驱动力；D. purpose目的。根据下文“Each of us has a purpose.”可知，此处是purpose“目的”的同词复现，作者跟随内心，受内在目标感的指引。 6．考查动词。句意：后来，我回到学校获得了教育学位，并成为了一名教师，在帮助学生学习和成长、规划自己的人生方向中找到了满足感。A. require要求；B. grant授予；C. maintain维持；D. earn获得。根据上文“With only an English degree”可知，作者当时仅有一个英语学位，因此重返学校是去获得教育学位，earn a degree是常用搭配，意为“获得学位”。 7．考查名词。句意：后来，我回到学校获得了教育学位，并成为了一名教师，在帮助学生学习和成长、规划自己的人生方向中找到了满足感。A. fulfillment满足（感）；B. excitement兴奋；C. support支持；D. confidence信心。根据下文“in helping students learn, grow and chart their own life direction”可知，成为教师的作者在帮助学生学习和成长中获得了满足感。 8．考查动词。句意：这导致我辞去了教学工作，待在家里照顾他们。A. improve改善；B. quit离任；C. assist协助；D. miss错过。根据下文“I stayed home to look after them”可知，作者待在家里照顾两个儿子，表明他辞去了教学工作。 9．考查形容词。句意：我后来的人生旅程是艰难的——充满了不眠之夜和无数次的治疗课程。A. costly昂贵的；B. tough艰难的；C. lonely孤独的；D. dangerous危险的。根据下文“filled with sleepless nights and countless therapy sessions”可知，作者的生活充满不眠之夜和无数治疗课程，说明生活很艰难。 10．考查动词短语。句意：然而，尽管充满挑战，照顾我的儿子们却给我带来了意想不到的温暖。A. believing in相信；B. playing with与……玩耍；C. attending to照料；D. thinking of想起。根据上文“I stayed home to look after them”可知，此处需用look after的近义表达attending to“照顾”，说明照顾儿子给作者带来了意想不到的温暖。 11．考查名词。句意：我通过写作记录了我的人生经历，并广泛分享我的故事。A. strategies策略；B. chapters章节；C. experiences经历；D. stages阶段。根据下文“Finally, I came to realize these life experiences led me to live a life that really suited me.”可知，此处是experiences“经历”的同词复现，作者通过写作记录并分享自己的人生经历。 12．考查名词。句意：那一天的那个问题深深触动着每一个人。A. interview面试；B. topic话题；C. case案例；D. question问题。根据上文“Am I really doing what I’m meant to do?”可知，作者在面试时内心有了疑问，这个问题触动了每个人。 13．考查形容词。句意：找到它可能需要很长时间，并带领我们走上一条意想不到的道路。A. beaten踏平的；B. unsafe不安全的；C. given假定的；D. unexpected意想不到的。根据上文叙述的作者的曲折人生经历可知，找到人生目标可能会带领我们走上一条意想不到的道路。 14．考查名词。句意：然而，做出选择永远都不晚：跟随你的内心，充实地生活，深爱他人，成为你注定成为的人。A. choice选择；B. request请求；C. promise承诺；D. difference差异。根据下文“follow your heart”可知，作者鼓励读者去做出选择，跟随自己的内心。 15．考查动词。句意：然而，做出选择永远都不晚：跟随你的内心，充实地生活，深爱他人，成为你注定成为的人。A. allowed允许；B. meant打算；C. encouraged鼓励；D. told告诉。根据上文“Am I really doing what I’m meant to do?”可知，此处是固定短语be meant to的同词复现，意为“注定要”，作者在鼓励读者跟随内心，成为自己注定成为的人。 三、阅读理解 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．F 4．D 5．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者由崇拜明星到以祖父为榜样的心路历程，赞扬了其坚韧善良的品质。 【详解】 1．上文“He is the only person who entered my life and made me look at things differently.(他是唯一一个进入我生活的人，让我以不同的眼光看待事物)”说明祖父是唯一进入我生活并改变我看世界方式的人。空处承接前文，具体说明他如何影响我。所以G项“他通过讲述自己的过往为我提供了完美的指引。”符合语境，且G项中的“giving examples from his past”与下文介绍祖父身世的内容相呼应。 2．上文“Orphaned at a young age, he was the oldest of seven children and had to work on a small farm to feed his younger brothers and sisters.(他很小的时候就成了孤儿，是七个孩子中最大的一个，不得不在一个小农场工作来养活他的弟弟妹妹)”说明祖父童年艰难，身为长子需打工养家。下文“ He studied hard and became an agricultural scientist, even becoming an excellent specialist. (他努力学习，成为一名农业科学家，甚至成为一名优秀的专家)”讲述他刻苦学习成为农业科学家。空处与上文构成转折关系，说明他在困境中的选择。所以A项“然而，他从未放弃他的梦想。”符合语境。A项中的“never gave up on his dream”与下文他努力学习并成为科学家的内容相呼应。 3．下文“He gave so much to the community so that when I went anywhere with him, the adults and children loved and admired him. My grandfather taught me how to give respect and how to earn it for myself. He also encouraged me to be an honest and gentle person. Being with him was like experiencing life to the fullest and perfecting my good morals and values.(他为社区付出了很多，所以当我和他一起去任何地方时，大人和孩子们都爱他，钦佩他。我祖父教我如何给予尊重，以及如何为自己赢得尊重。他还鼓励我做一个诚实温柔的人。和他在一起就像充分体验生活，完善我的良好道德和价值观)”说明祖父对社区贡献巨大并教导我尊重他人。空处位于段首，总领全段。所以F项“最让我印象深刻的是他的善良和道德价值观。”符合语境。F项中的“kindness and moral values”概括了本段提到的社区贡献和品德教育。 4．上文“Grandfather was always positive, no matter how hard life was.(无论生活多么艰难，祖父总是很积极)”说明祖父无论生活多么艰难总是积极乐观。空处承接前文，进一步解释他的这种积极态度。所以D项“他总是在每一种境遇中寻找美好的一面。”符合语境。D项中的“looked for the good in every situation”是对上文“positive”的具体阐释。 5．上文“When Grandfather passed away one winter morning, I was heartbroken.(一个冬天的早晨，爷爷去世了，我伤心欲绝)”说明祖父去世让作者心碎。下文“The lessons he taught me about hard work, kindness and positivity will guide me through all challenges. I will always model myself on him.(他教给我的关于努力工作、善良和积极性的课程将指导我度过所有挑战。我将永远以他为榜样)”说明祖父的影响延续。空处与上文构成转折关系，表明祖父的精神遗产仍在，引出下文。所以B项“但我知道他的精神将是我的一部分。”符合语境。B项中的“his spirit would be a part of me”与下文他的教诲将继续指引我相呼应。 四、应用文写作 【答案】 Good morning, everyone. I’m here to share with you some practical ways to learn English. First of all, I immerse myself in the language as much as possible by appreciating English movies, TV shows, and music. This method is effective because it exposes me to a variety of accents, which improves my listening skills. Additionally, I practice speaking English aloud and talking to myself about my day or any topic that comes to mind. This practice helps strengthen what I’ve learned and builds up confidence in my spoken English. Thank you for listening. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $