Unit 1 Great people 伟人（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以"伟人"主题为载体，融合时文阅读、中考真题与模拟训练，通过人物记叙文与名言警句培养语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（居里夫人/甘地）|阅读理解单选|以科学与民权领域伟人为主线，构建"成就-品质-影响"叙事逻辑| |真题示例|2篇（卡罗琳/丁立人）|中考阅读单选|精选广州/深圳中考题，聚焦女性科学家与体育健将，强化细节理解与推理能力| |模拟演练|4篇（姚明/雷殿生等）|单选+七选五|覆盖新闻与人物体裁，通过"成长经历-精神品质"关联，提升语篇结构分析能力|

Unit 1 Great people 伟人（新教材沪教版） 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解单选 人物记叙文 约 270 介绍居里夫人的科研成就，两获诺贝尔奖，一战研发 X 光设备，辐射损害健康离世，精神激励后人 Passage B 阅读理解单选 人物记叙文 约 290 讲述圣雄甘地秉持非暴力思想，带领印度和平独立，其理念影响全球民权领袖 真题示例 2025・广州中考 Passage1 中考阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 320 女天文学家卡罗琳跟随兄长研究天文，一同制作望远镜，独自发现 8 颗彗星，是首批拥有薪资的女性天文从业者 2023・深圳中考 Passage2 中考阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 280 中国棋手丁立人成为首位男子国际象棋世界冠军，介绍其成长经历、沉稳谦逊的性格以及对青少年学习国际象棋的期许 模拟演练 2025・深圳三模 Passage1 模拟阅读单选 新闻记叙文 约 310 姚明出席深圳世界读书日活动，推广 “每日一小时无屏幕” 计划，呼吁青少年平衡电子产品、阅读与运动 2025・广州二轮 Passage2 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 340 探险家雷殿生耗时十年徒步走遍中国，记录各族文化与自然风貌，后期投身长江生态保护与青少年户外自然教育 2023・广州二模 Passage3 短文还原（七选五） 人物记叙文 约 220 舞蹈家吉莉安幼时好动、在校成绩差，医生发现她的舞蹈天赋，进入专业舞校后成长为知名音乐剧编舞 2022・广州二模 Passage4 短文还原（七选五） 人物记叙文 约 200 介绍卓别林经典默片《寻子遇仙记》，影片取材于他自身贫苦童年，讲解影片选角过程与故事内核 Believe you can, and you’re halfway there. – Theodore Roosevelt 相信你能做到，你就已经成功了一半。—— 西奥多・罗斯福  Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood. – Marie Curie 生活中没有什么可怕的事物，只有需要去理解的事物。—— 居里夫人 Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts. – Winston Churchill 成功不是终点，失败也并非末日，最重要的是拥有继续前行的勇气。—— 温斯顿・丘吉尔 The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. – Eleanor Roosevelt 未来属于那些坚信自己梦想之美的人。—— 埃莉诺・罗斯福 Genius only means hard-working all one's life. – Mendeleyev 天才只意味着终身不懈的奋斗。—— 门捷列夫 It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. – J.K. Rowling 决定我们成为什么样人的，不是我们的能力，而是我们的选择。——J.K. 罗琳  Great hopes make great man. – Thomas Carlyle 远大的抱负造就伟大的人物。—— 托马斯・卡莱尔 You don't have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step. – Martin Luther King Jr. 你不必看清整段阶梯，只需勇敢迈出第一步。—— 小马丁・路德・金 The unexamined life is not worth living. – Socrates 未经自省的人生没有意义。—— 苏格拉底 I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man. – Thomas Edison 我想揭开大自然的奥秘，并用它造福人类。—— 托马斯・爱迪生 Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power. – Abraham Lincoln 几乎所有人都能承受逆境，但若想考验一个人的品格，就赋予他权力。—— 亚伯拉罕・林肯 Life without an aim is like sailing without a compass. – John Ruskin 人生没有目标，如同航行没有罗盘。—— 约翰・罗斯金 Passage A Marie Curie: A Pioneer in Science Source：BBC Learning English, 2024-03-08 Marie Curie stands as one of history’s most outstanding female scientists, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes in different fields. Born in Poland in 1867, she moved to Paris to study physics and chemistry at a time when few women were allowed to receive higher education. Curie’s most remarkable achievement was the discovery of radioactivity, alongside her husband Pierre Curie. The couple extracted two new radioactive elements, polonium and radium, from tons of pitchblende in a cold, shabby lab. Their hard work earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. After Pierre’s sudden death, Marie took over his teaching position at the University of Paris, becoming the university’s first female professor. In 1911, she won a second Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her research on radium and polonium. During World War I, she created mobile X-ray units to help doctors treat wounded soldiers on the front lines, risking constant exposure to dangerous radiation. Curie paid a heavy price for her research—radiation damage led to her illness and death in 1934. Yet her breakthroughs laid the foundation for modern medical treatments like radiation therapy for cancer. She proved that women could reach the peak of science, and her courage and perseverance still inspire young researchers today. 长难句解析-1 原句：（第一段第一句）Marie Curie stands as one of history’s most outstanding female scientists, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes in different fields. 译文：玛丽・居里是史上最杰出的女性科学家之一，也是首位在不同领域斩获两项诺贝尔奖的人。 分析：本句为简单句。句中 the first person to win... 作同位语，对前面 Marie Curie 进行补充说明；不定式 to win 作后置定语，修饰 the first person。 长难句解析-2 原句：（第二段第二句）The couple extracted two new radioactive elements, polonium and radium, from tons of pitchblende in a cold, shabby lab. 译文：夫妇二人在一间阴冷简陋的实验室里，从数吨沥青铀矿中提取出两种全新的放射性元素 —— 钋和镭。 分析：本句为主谓宾结构简单句。polonium and radium 是 two new radioactive elements 的同位语，用来解释说明两种元素名称；from...in... 为地点状语，修饰谓语 extracted。 译文 玛丽・居里是史上最杰出的女性科学家之一，也是首位在不同领域斩获两项诺贝尔奖的人。她 1867 年生于波兰，彼时几乎没有女性能够接受高等教育，她远赴巴黎攻读物理与化学专业。 居里最举世瞩目的成就，是与丈夫皮埃尔・居里一同发现了放射性现象。夫妇二人在一间阴冷简陋的实验室里，从数吨沥青铀矿中提取出两种全新的放射性元素 —— 钋和镭。这份艰苦的研究让二人在 1903 年共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。皮埃尔意外离世后，玛丽接手了他在巴黎大学的教职，成为这所大学有史以来第一位女教授。 1911 年，凭借对钋、镭的相关研究，她再度拿下诺贝尔化学奖。第一次世界大战期间，她研发移动式 X 光设备，奔赴前线协助医生救治伤员，长期暴露在危险的辐射之中。 居里为自己的研究付出了沉重代价 —— 辐射带来的损伤让她常年患病，并于 1934 年离世。但她的研究成果为癌症放射疗法等现代医疗手段奠定了基础。她向世人证明，女性也能登上科学的顶峰，她的勇气与毅力至今仍激励着年轻科研工作者。 Passage B Gandhi: The Man of Non-Violent Resistance Source：Reader’s Digest US, 2023-08 Mohandas Gandhi, widely called Mahatma (the Great Soul), changed India’s fate and reshaped global ideas of peaceful protest. Born in 1869, he first experienced unfair racial discrimination while working as a lawyer in South Africa, which planted the seed of his non-violent philosophy. Gandhi led India’s long fight for independence from British rule without weapons or violence. He organized peaceful marches, boycotts of foreign goods and hunger strikes to resist unfair colonial laws. His most famous action, the Salt March in 1930, drew millions of ordinary Indians to stand together against heavy salt taxes. He lived a simple life, wearing plain handmade cloth and sharing meals with poor villagers. He believed truth and kindness were stronger than anger and war. His core idea of “satyagraha”, meaning truth force, later influenced world leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, who adopted non-violent methods for civil rights movements. Gandhi was assassinated in 1948, shortly after India won independence. Though he left the world early, his spirit lives on. He is a great figure not only for freeing a nation, but for teaching humanity that justice can be achieved through peace. 长难句解析-1 原句：（第一段第二句）Born in 1869, he first experienced unfair racial discrimination while working as a lawyer in South Africa, which planted the seed of his non-violent philosophy. 译文：他生于 1869 年，在南非担任律师期间初次遭遇了不公的种族歧视，这件事在他心中埋下了非暴力思想的种子。 分析：本句为主从复合句。Born in 1869 是过去分词作状语；while working... 为省略结构，完整形式为 while he was working；which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事。 长难句解析-2 原句：（第三段第三句）His core idea of “satyagraha”, meaning truth force, later influenced world leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, who adopted non-violent methods for civil rights movements. 译文：他的核心理念 “萨提亚格拉哈”，意为真理的力量，后来影响了小马丁・路德・金、纳尔逊・曼德拉等世界领袖，他们将非暴力方式运用到民权运动中。 分析：本句为主从复合句。meaning truth force 是现在分词作插入解释；句尾 who 引导定语从句，先行词是 Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela。 译文 莫罕达斯・甘地被世人尊称为圣雄（意为伟大的灵魂），他改变了印度的命运，重塑了全球和平抗议的理念。他生于 1869 年，在南非担任律师期间初次遭遇了不公的种族歧视，这件事在他心中埋下了非暴力思想的种子。 甘地带领印度人民开展了漫长的独立斗争，全程没有使用武器、诉诸暴力。他组织和平游行、抵制外来商品、发起绝食行动，以此反抗不公的殖民法令。1930 年著名的食盐进军行动，号召数百万普通印度民众一同反抗高额盐税。 他一生简朴，身着朴素的土布衣物，与贫苦村民同食共住。他坚信，真理与善意远比愤怒和战争更有力量。他的核心理念 “萨提亚格拉哈”，意为真理的力量，后来影响了小马丁・路德・金、纳尔逊・曼德拉等世界领袖，他们将非暴力方式运用到民权运动中。 印度独立后不久，甘地于 1948 年遇刺身亡。尽管他早早离开了人世，但其精神永存。他之所以伟大，不仅因为他解放了一个国家，更因为他教会人类正义可以通过和平的方式实现。 1. Great people never give up even when they face endless difficulties. (伟人即便遭遇重重困境，也从不轻言放弃。) 2. What makes a person great lies in his perseverance rather than his talent. (造就伟人的是坚持不懈，而非天赋。) 3. All great achievements come from continuous small efforts day after day. (所有伟大的成就，都源于日复一日微小的坚持。) 4. A great mind always chooses to devote itself to helping others. (伟大的灵魂，永远选择奉献自身、造福他人。) 5. No great man reaches success without going through hard times. (没有哪位伟人不历经磨难就取得成功。) 6. Great people dare to stick to their dreams no matter what others say. (伟人不惧他人非议，敢于坚守自己的理想。) 7. It is courage and kindness that turn ordinary people into great figures. (正是勇气与善良，让普通人成为了不起的人物。) 8. The spirit of great people can light up the way for later generations. (伟人的精神，能够为后辈照亮前行的道路。) 9. True greatness consists in doing small things with a sincere heart. (真正的伟大，在于以赤诚之心做好每一件小事。) 10. Great people do not fear failure; they learn and grow from it. (伟人从不畏惧失败，反而从中学习、不断成长。) 11. Many great figures spent their whole life chasing one meaningful goal. (许多伟人穷尽一生，追逐一个有意义的目标。) 12. The power of a great person comes from a firm belief inside his heart. (伟人的力量，源自内心坚定不移的信念。) 13. We can learn valuable lessons from the stories of those great people. (我们能从伟人的事迹中学到宝贵的人生道理。) 14. A great person thinks more about public interests than personal gains. (伟人心中，集体利益永远重于个人得失。) 15. As long as we hold on to our goals, we can also become great in our own field. (只要坚守目标，我们也能在自己的领域闪闪发光。) Passage 1 （2025·广东广州·中考真题）When I was young, my father took me outside to see the stars. Once we saw a comet (彗星)! It was the first comet I’d seen but wasn’t the last. My name is Caroline Herschel. I was born in Hanover, Germany in 1750. When I was 22, I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William. He was a musician and he offered me singing lessons. I helped him with housework in return. I practiced hard and soon started singing at his concerts. Life changed when William became interested in astronomy. He read about space late into the night. Breakfast often turned into a lesson about stars. I learned a lot from him. And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes—the special tools for seeing faraway things. To make the perfect mirrors for our telescopes, we heated metals and shaped them using special molds (模具). These molds were made from strange things, like dry horse waste. I had to break it into small bits. It was dirty work, but I didn’t mind. Someone had to do it. Making the mirrors smooth was very difficult. William invented a machine to help, but he still had to work without stopping for hours once he began. He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed. In 1781, William discovered something fantastic—a new planet! King George was so glad that he made William his astronomer. William made a telescope just for me. And I was able to search the sky along with him. On August 1, 1786, I found something special too—a comet! I watched it carefully for one more night and discovered it was real. Now everyone is talking about my comet. They call it the Lady’s Comet. This is the first comet I’ve ever discovered, but I don’t think it will be the last. Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet, King George paid her to be William’s assistant (助手). She was one of the first women astronomers to be paid for her work. She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797. 1．Why did Caroline move to England? A．To live with her brother. B．To study at a music school. C．To sing at famous concerts. D．To look after a sick relative. 2．In what order did the following happen in Caroline’s life? a. She discovered her first comet.    b. Her brother built a telescope for her. c. Her brother became interested in space.    d. She built telescopes together with her brother. e. She got paid by King George to help with her brother’s work. A．c-d-b-a-e B．c-d-e-b-a C．c-b-d-a-e D．c-b-a-e-d 3．How many comets did Caroline discover by herself? A．One. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. 4．Which of the following best describes Caroline and William’s working relationship? A．Caroline gave William more help. B．Caroline had to do all the dirty work. C．William took care of most of the work. D．They were important to each other’s success. 一、重难词汇（12 个） tireless /ˈtaɪələs/adj. 不知疲倦的 championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/n. 锦标赛，冠军头衔 crown /kraʊn/n. 冠军宝座；王冠 experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/adj. 经验丰富的 calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/n. 计算 lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/n. 闪电 humble /ˈhʌmbl/adj. 谦逊的 stage /steɪdʒ/n. 舞台 master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/n. 大师 history /ˈhɪstri/n. 历史 victory /ˈvɪktəri/n. 胜利 progress /ˈprəʊɡres/n. 进步 二、长难句解析 原句：（第三段第一句）Life changed when William became interested in astronomy. 译文：当威廉对天文学产生兴趣后，生活彻底改变了。 分析：本句为主从复合句。when 引导时间状语从句，主句为 Life changed，从句说明生活发生改变的时间条件。 Passage 2 （2023·广东深圳·中考真题）With more than 30 years of tireless effort, China finally made history in an international chess competition this year. On April 30, Ding Liren took the crown of the World Chess Championship (锦标赛). He beat the Russian player Ian Nepomniachtchi when the Russian made a serious mistake in the final match. Ding became the new world chess champion and also the first Chinese male (男子) player to win the title. His victory means that China now holds both the men’s and women’s world titles in chess. Before him, Xie Jun first won the women’s world title in 1991. From then on, Chinese chess players have made great progress on the world stage. As the 17th winner of the championship with a history of 137 years, Ding showed a gift for chess from an early age. Born in Wenzhou, the “chess city” of China, Ding began learning to play chess when he was little. At the age of five, he won his first national title. When he was seventeen, he beat several experienced masters to win the chess championship of China. Ding is called Silent Storm. He is a man of few words, with unusual skills of calculation. He often beats other players at lightning speed, while remaining calm. Although he has long been a big star in the chess world, he is humble (谦逊的). He learns from his mistakes and is always ready to talk about his problems. Ding hopes that after his big win, more and more young people in China will take an interest in chess. 1. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Ding Liren made a mistake in the final match. B．Xie Jun won the men’s World Chess Championship. C．Ding Liren made history as a Chinese chess player. D．Chinese chess players made little progress after 1991. 2. In which year was the first World Chess Championship held? A．1886. B．1961. C．1993. D．2006. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The stories of Ding’s life and family. B．The popularity of chess in Wenzhou. C．The history of the chess championship. D．The development of Ding’s chess career. 4. Which words best describe Ding Liren? A．Quiet and smart. B．Proud and caring. C．Active and helpful. D．Friendly and humorous. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Chinese took a Greater Interest in Chess B．Ding Liren became the New King of Chess C．Xie Jun and Ding Liren Brought honour Home D．Chinese Chess Players Have Worked Hard for Long 一、重难词汇（12 个） tireless /ˈtaɪələs/adj. 不知疲倦的 championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/n. 锦标赛，冠军头衔 crown /kraʊn/n. 冠军宝座；王冠 experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/adj. 经验丰富的 calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/n. 计算 lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/n. 闪电 humble /ˈhʌmbl/adj. 谦逊的 stage /steɪdʒ/n. 舞台 master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/n. 大师 history /ˈhɪstri/n. 历史 victory /ˈvɪktəri/n. 胜利 progress /ˈprəʊɡres/n. 进步 二、长难句解析 原句：（第二段第二句）Ding became the new world chess champion and also the first Chinese male player to win the title. 译文：丁立人成为新晋国际象棋世界冠军，同时也是第一位拿下该头衔的中国男子棋手。 分析：本句为并列简单句；to win the title 不定式作后置定语，修饰 male player。 Passage 1 （2025·广东深圳·三模）Former basketball star Yao Ming visited the North Campus of Shenzhen Senior High School to mark World Book Day and start a new reading activity on April 23, 2025. This day was also the 10th Shenzhen Young People’s Book Reading Day, and the city launched a new program “One Hour Screen-Free Every Day.” The program encourages people, especially young students, to put away their phones and tablets for one hour each day. Instead, they are invited to read paper books or enjoy outdoor activities. Yao Ming has been speaking up about the harmful effects of too much screen time on children. He hopes more young people will explore the real world, enjoy sports, and develop strong reading habits. During his visit, Yao spoke to students about his love for books like China’s 5,000 Years and The World’s 5,000 Years, which influenced him deeply as a child. He also shared that top athletes need not only strong bodies but also strong minds, which come from reading and learning. In his speech, Yao said the program is not against technology. “We just want to find a healthy balance between online and offline life,” he explained. Shenzhen has long worked to build a strong reading culture in the city. It has opened many public libraries in neighborhoods and schools, as well as 24-hour book corners along busy streets. Every year, the city organizes Reading Month to encourage more people to enjoy books. Now, to support the program, Shenzhen will publish a monthly list of recommended paper books and fun reading or outdoor activities for families and schools. More schools are joining the program, and many students have already taken part. 1. Why did Yao Ming go to the North Campus of Shenzhen Senior High School? A．To help students play basketball better. B．To take part in a reading day activity. C．To celebrate his favorite childhood books. D．To talk about the use of smartphones. 2. What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Launching a program about screen-free time. B．Celebrating a day about student reading. C．Encouraging reading with the help of books. D．Suggesting ways to enjoy books and technology. 3. What kind of books did Yao Ming say influenced him as a child? A．Books about animals and nature. B．Books about science and inventions. C．Books about Chinese and world history. D．Books about sports and famous players. 4. What does Yao Ming mainly want to tell students through his speech? A．Reading and sports are both important. B．Sports are more useful than reading. C．Technology should be avoided. D．Strong athletes can become good readers. 5. What will the writer most likely talk about next? A．How public libraries stay open all day and night. B．How Yao Ming plans to write his own books. C．How the city will add more street book corners. D．How students join the screen-free hour program. Passage 2 （25-26九年级·广东广州·二轮复习）Lei Diansheng is a famous Chinese explorer and environmental protector. Born in 1963 in a small village near Harbin, he is called “the modern Xu Xiake” for his great journey. Before starting his trip, he spent 10 years preparing—he did daily long runs to build up his strength and read many books on wild survival to learn how to deal with dangers. From 1998 to 2008, Lei spent 10 years walking across China. He walked about 81,000 kilometers—almost twice around the equator (赤道)! During the trip, he wore out 52 pairs of shoes and lost 19 toenails. Once, he even had to eat snake meat to stay alive in the Shennongjia Forest. He faced many dangers, like mudslides (泥石流) and wolf attacks, but he never gave up. In 2008 he made history by walking alone through the Lop Nur Desert—a dry, dangerous place. He walked 1,100 kilometers in 31 days and became the first person to do that alone. Lei didn’t just walk for fun. He visited all 56 ethnic groups (民族) in China, took 40,000 photos and wrote 3.2 million words in his notes. These notes became a “living record” of Chinese culture and nature. He also helped others during his trip—he gave money to poor students and joined in flood rescue (抗洪) work in Hunan Province. Now, Lei still works for nature and education. He leads teams to study the environment, like protecting the source of the Yangtze River. Last year, he took a group of scientists to collect water samples there. He also works with traditional artists to turn his travel notes into art, so more people can learn about environmental protection. For students, he organizes hiking camps in Heilongjiang’s forests, where kids learn to identify wild plants and understand local ethnic cultures. Lei’s story tells us: True adventure is not just about walking far. It’s about loving our land and protecting it. 1. Why is Lei called “the modern Xu Xiake”? A．Because he was born near Harbin. B．Because he made a great walking journey. C．Because he lived exactly the same as Xu Xiake did 400 years ago. D．Because he likes reading Xu Xiake’s books. 2. What can we know about Lei Diansheng’s 10-year journey? A．He walked around the equator twice. B．He wore 52 pairs of new shoes. C．He faced many dangers but kept going. D．He finished his trip in 2000. 3. What is the correct order of Lei Diansheng’s life events according to the passage? ① He became the first person to walk alone through the Lop Nur Desert. ② He spent 10 years preparing for his journey across China. ③ He had to eat snake meat to stay alive in the Shennongjia Forest. ④ He led a group of scientists to collect water samples at the source of the Yangtze River. ⑤ He started his 10-year journey walking across China. A．②⑤③①④ B．②⑤③④① C．⑤②③①④ D．⑤③②④① 4. What can we infer from Lei’s work now? A．He only cares about the Yangtze River. B．His travel notes are turned to art completely by himself. C．He wants more people to protect nature. D．He organizes hiking camps where kids learn about art. Passage 3 （2023·广东广州·二模）How do people find their inner(内在的) talent? British author and speaker Sir Kenneth Robinson talked about this at TED．He told a story about Gillian Lynne, a great dancer and choreographer(编舞者) who has worked in famous musicals like Cats and Phantom of the Opera. Gillian Lynne never did well in school as a child. 1 . Her mother was quite worried about her. She took Lynne to see a doctor. 2 . Then, the doctor said to Lynne, “I need to talk to your mother first. Wait here.” As they left the room, the doctor turned on the radio. He then said to Lynne’s mother, “Just stand and watch her. 3 . The doctor then turned to Lynne’s mother and said, “Mrs. Lynne, your daughter isn’t sick. She’s a dancer. Take her to a dance school.” So she did. Lynne’s new dance school was full of people just like her-people who had to move in order to think. 4 . Lynne later went to the Royal Ballet School, one of the world’s greatest dance schools, and became a great dancer. After leaving the school she worked on some of the most successful musicals in history. It is hard to believe that years ago, somebody else would just put her on medication(药物治疗) and tell her to calm down. Those who never do well in school needn’t worry. 5 . A．Find your inner talent like Lynne, you can also succeed. B．She loved the life in the dance school, and she showed her great talent soon. C．After they left the room, Lynne was on her feet, dancing to the music on the radio. D．For 20 minutes, she talked about the problems Lynne was having in school with the doctor. E．She couldn’t think carefully when she was learning and often found herself unable to keep still. Passage 4 （2022·广东广州·二模）阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It’s been about 100 years since the actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin produced the film The Kid. It was made in black and white and was silent. 24 The story is about the relationship between two homeless people. 25 In the movie, the 6-year-old Jackie usually breaks windows and runs away. Then Chaplin offers to fix the windows to make money for their living. As time goes by, the pair develops a partnership. 26 Chaplin was known for being strict when looking for actors. It is said that if he could, he would have played every role in every one of his films. A few days before he started testing actors for the role, the kid, his baby son had died. With luck, Chaplin visited a theatre and a dancer brought his son, Jackie Coogan. 27 Chaplin later wrote, “All children have talent；the key is to bring it out in them. With Jackie, it is easy.” The Kid was based on Chaplin and his brother, Sydney’s life experiences with their mother. Like the kid in the film, Chaplin had a very poor childhood. He and Sydney were raised by their mother. At 10, his mum became too ill to look after her sons, so they had to take care of themselves. 28 A．It was not easy for Chaplin to choose the actor for the role, the kid. B．Seeing him on the stage, Chaplin knew he was the right person to be in his film. C．It was always considered to be the greatest film directed and acted by Chaplin. D．One is the father, played by Chaplin, and the other is his adopted (收养的) child, played by Jackie Coogan. E．Perhaps that was why people said the film showed the true life. Passage 5 （2022·广东深圳·三模）阅读下面几位共和国勋章获得者的材料，为五位少年寻找他们的偶像。 1 . Li Bingbing: My dream is to be an engineer working on the board of nuclear submarine. I want to learn from the chief designer of Long March First. 2 . Wang Yimin: I enjoy doing chemical experiment and I always want to study traditional Chinese medicine. I want to read a book about a Chinese who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 3 . Mo Taoran: I often visit the space museum, with interest in satellite technology and space exploration. I want to read the stories about the chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China’s lunar exploration project. 4 . Peng Qirui: I have a dream of being a hero some day. I want to write a person who was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero during the Liberation War. 5 . Cao Aiqiang: Hydrogen bomb is a great invention. I want to learn something about the nuclear physicist who took part in detonating China’s first hydrogen bomb. A．On June 17, 1967, China detonated (引爆) its first hydrogen bomb. It took only 32 months to go from its first atomic bomb to its first hydrogen bomb. As a nuclear physicist, Yu Min played an important role in this process. B．Sun Jiadong made great contributions toward developing Chinese satellite technology and space exploration. He was chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China’s lunar exploration project. C． Zhang Fuqing was a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the Liberation War. He was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero (战斗英雄). In 1955, he volunteered to work in a distant country in Hubei province and has been helping poor people there ever since. D．Huang Xuhua was the chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarine (核潜艇). Long March First, China’s earliest nuclear submarine, took its first test dive on Dec 26, 1970. Huang — who was 44 at the time — was on board for the dive. E. Tu Youyou is known for winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. She got inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine theories and discovered artemisinin (青蒿素), a medicine that can be used to treat malaria. Her finding has saved the lives of millions. F. Shen Jilan, a farmer, is a lifelong lawmaker. In1954, she became a deputy to the National People’s Congress (全国人民代表大会代表). Since then, she has served at all 13 NPCs. She came up with the idea of equal pay for equal work between men and women. The idea was written into China’s first constitution. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Great people 伟人（新教材沪教版） 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解单选 人物记叙文 约 270 介绍居里夫人的科研成就，两获诺贝尔奖，一战研发 X 光设备，辐射损害健康离世，精神激励后人 Passage B 阅读理解单选 人物记叙文 约 290 讲述圣雄甘地秉持非暴力思想，带领印度和平独立，其理念影响全球民权领袖 真题示例 2025・广州中考 Passage1 中考阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 320 女天文学家卡罗琳跟随兄长研究天文，一同制作望远镜，独自发现 8 颗彗星，是首批拥有薪资的女性天文从业者 2023・深圳中考 Passage2 中考阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 280 中国棋手丁立人成为首位男子国际象棋世界冠军，介绍其成长经历、沉稳谦逊的性格以及对青少年学习国际象棋的期许 模拟演练 2025・深圳三模 Passage1 模拟阅读单选 新闻记叙文 约 310 姚明出席深圳世界读书日活动，推广 “每日一小时无屏幕” 计划，呼吁青少年平衡电子产品、阅读与运动 2025・广州二轮 Passage2 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 340 探险家雷殿生耗时十年徒步走遍中国，记录各族文化与自然风貌，后期投身长江生态保护与青少年户外自然教育 2023・广州二模 Passage3 短文还原（七选五） 人物记叙文 约 220 舞蹈家吉莉安幼时好动、在校成绩差，医生发现她的舞蹈天赋，进入专业舞校后成长为知名音乐剧编舞 2022・广州二模 Passage4 短文还原（七选五） 人物记叙文 约 200 介绍卓别林经典默片《寻子遇仙记》，影片取材于他自身贫苦童年，讲解影片选角过程与故事内核 Believe you can, and you’re halfway there. – Theodore Roosevelt 相信你能做到，你就已经成功了一半。—— 西奥多・罗斯福  Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood. – Marie Curie 生活中没有什么可怕的事物，只有需要去理解的事物。—— 居里夫人 Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts. – Winston Churchill 成功不是终点，失败也并非末日，最重要的是拥有继续前行的勇气。—— 温斯顿・丘吉尔 The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. – Eleanor Roosevelt 未来属于那些坚信自己梦想之美的人。—— 埃莉诺・罗斯福 Genius only means hard-working all one's life. – Mendeleyev 天才只意味着终身不懈的奋斗。—— 门捷列夫 It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. – J.K. Rowling 决定我们成为什么样人的，不是我们的能力，而是我们的选择。——J.K. 罗琳  Great hopes make great man. – Thomas Carlyle 远大的抱负造就伟大的人物。—— 托马斯・卡莱尔 You don't have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step. – Martin Luther King Jr. 你不必看清整段阶梯，只需勇敢迈出第一步。—— 小马丁・路德・金 The unexamined life is not worth living. – Socrates 未经自省的人生没有意义。—— 苏格拉底 I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man. – Thomas Edison 我想揭开大自然的奥秘，并用它造福人类。—— 托马斯・爱迪生 Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power. – Abraham Lincoln 几乎所有人都能承受逆境，但若想考验一个人的品格，就赋予他权力。—— 亚伯拉罕・林肯 Life without an aim is like sailing without a compass. – John Ruskin 人生没有目标，如同航行没有罗盘。—— 约翰・罗斯金 Passage A Marie Curie: A Pioneer in Science Source：BBC Learning English, 2024-03-08 Marie Curie stands as one of history’s most outstanding female scientists, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes in different fields. Born in Poland in 1867, she moved to Paris to study physics and chemistry at a time when few women were allowed to receive higher education. Curie’s most remarkable achievement was the discovery of radioactivity, alongside her husband Pierre Curie. The couple extracted two new radioactive elements, polonium and radium, from tons of pitchblende in a cold, shabby lab. Their hard work earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. After Pierre’s sudden death, Marie took over his teaching position at the University of Paris, becoming the university’s first female professor. In 1911, she won a second Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her research on radium and polonium. During World War I, she created mobile X-ray units to help doctors treat wounded soldiers on the front lines, risking constant exposure to dangerous radiation. Curie paid a heavy price for her research—radiation damage led to her illness and death in 1934. Yet her breakthroughs laid the foundation for modern medical treatments like radiation therapy for cancer. She proved that women could reach the peak of science, and her courage and perseverance still inspire young researchers today. 长难句解析-1 原句：（第一段第一句）Marie Curie stands as one of history’s most outstanding female scientists, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes in different fields. 译文：玛丽・居里是史上最杰出的女性科学家之一，也是首位在不同领域斩获两项诺贝尔奖的人。 分析：本句为简单句。句中 the first person to win... 作同位语，对前面 Marie Curie 进行补充说明；不定式 to win 作后置定语，修饰 the first person。 长难句解析-2 原句：（第二段第二句）The couple extracted two new radioactive elements, polonium and radium, from tons of pitchblende in a cold, shabby lab. 译文：夫妇二人在一间阴冷简陋的实验室里，从数吨沥青铀矿中提取出两种全新的放射性元素 —— 钋和镭。 分析：本句为主谓宾结构简单句。polonium and radium 是 two new radioactive elements 的同位语，用来解释说明两种元素名称；from...in... 为地点状语，修饰谓语 extracted。 译文 玛丽・居里是史上最杰出的女性科学家之一，也是首位在不同领域斩获两项诺贝尔奖的人。她 1867 年生于波兰，彼时几乎没有女性能够接受高等教育，她远赴巴黎攻读物理与化学专业。 居里最举世瞩目的成就，是与丈夫皮埃尔・居里一同发现了放射性现象。夫妇二人在一间阴冷简陋的实验室里，从数吨沥青铀矿中提取出两种全新的放射性元素 —— 钋和镭。这份艰苦的研究让二人在 1903 年共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。皮埃尔意外离世后，玛丽接手了他在巴黎大学的教职，成为这所大学有史以来第一位女教授。 1911 年，凭借对钋、镭的相关研究，她再度拿下诺贝尔化学奖。第一次世界大战期间，她研发移动式 X 光设备，奔赴前线协助医生救治伤员，长期暴露在危险的辐射之中。 居里为自己的研究付出了沉重代价 —— 辐射带来的损伤让她常年患病，并于 1934 年离世。但她的研究成果为癌症放射疗法等现代医疗手段奠定了基础。她向世人证明，女性也能登上科学的顶峰，她的勇气与毅力至今仍激励着年轻科研工作者。 Passage B Gandhi: The Man of Non-Violent Resistance Source：Reader’s Digest US, 2023-08 Mohandas Gandhi, widely called Mahatma (the Great Soul), changed India’s fate and reshaped global ideas of peaceful protest. Born in 1869, he first experienced unfair racial discrimination while working as a lawyer in South Africa, which planted the seed of his non-violent philosophy. Gandhi led India’s long fight for independence from British rule without weapons or violence. He organized peaceful marches, boycotts of foreign goods and hunger strikes to resist unfair colonial laws. His most famous action, the Salt March in 1930, drew millions of ordinary Indians to stand together against heavy salt taxes. He lived a simple life, wearing plain handmade cloth and sharing meals with poor villagers. He believed truth and kindness were stronger than anger and war. His core idea of “satyagraha”, meaning truth force, later influenced world leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, who adopted non-violent methods for civil rights movements. Gandhi was assassinated in 1948, shortly after India won independence. Though he left the world early, his spirit lives on. He is a great figure not only for freeing a nation, but for teaching humanity that justice can be achieved through peace. 长难句解析-1 原句：（第一段第二句）Born in 1869, he first experienced unfair racial discrimination while working as a lawyer in South Africa, which planted the seed of his non-violent philosophy. 译文：他生于 1869 年，在南非担任律师期间初次遭遇了不公的种族歧视，这件事在他心中埋下了非暴力思想的种子。 分析：本句为主从复合句。Born in 1869 是过去分词作状语；while working... 为省略结构，完整形式为 while he was working；which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事。 长难句解析-2 原句：（第三段第三句）His core idea of “satyagraha”, meaning truth force, later influenced world leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, who adopted non-violent methods for civil rights movements. 译文：他的核心理念 “萨提亚格拉哈”，意为真理的力量，后来影响了小马丁・路德・金、纳尔逊・曼德拉等世界领袖，他们将非暴力方式运用到民权运动中。 分析：本句为主从复合句。meaning truth force 是现在分词作插入解释；句尾 who 引导定语从句，先行词是 Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela。 译文 莫罕达斯・甘地被世人尊称为圣雄（意为伟大的灵魂），他改变了印度的命运，重塑了全球和平抗议的理念。他生于 1869 年，在南非担任律师期间初次遭遇了不公的种族歧视，这件事在他心中埋下了非暴力思想的种子。 甘地带领印度人民开展了漫长的独立斗争，全程没有使用武器、诉诸暴力。他组织和平游行、抵制外来商品、发起绝食行动，以此反抗不公的殖民法令。1930 年著名的食盐进军行动，号召数百万普通印度民众一同反抗高额盐税。 他一生简朴，身着朴素的土布衣物，与贫苦村民同食共住。他坚信，真理与善意远比愤怒和战争更有力量。他的核心理念 “萨提亚格拉哈”，意为真理的力量，后来影响了小马丁・路德・金、纳尔逊・曼德拉等世界领袖，他们将非暴力方式运用到民权运动中。 印度独立后不久，甘地于 1948 年遇刺身亡。尽管他早早离开了人世，但其精神永存。他之所以伟大，不仅因为他解放了一个国家，更因为他教会人类正义可以通过和平的方式实现。 1. Great people never give up even when they face endless difficulties. (伟人即便遭遇重重困境，也从不轻言放弃。) 2. What makes a person great lies in his perseverance rather than his talent. (造就伟人的是坚持不懈，而非天赋。) 3. All great achievements come from continuous small efforts day after day. (所有伟大的成就，都源于日复一日微小的坚持。) 4. A great mind always chooses to devote itself to helping others. (伟大的灵魂，永远选择奉献自身、造福他人。) 5. No great man reaches success without going through hard times. (没有哪位伟人不历经磨难就取得成功。) 6. Great people dare to stick to their dreams no matter what others say. (伟人不惧他人非议，敢于坚守自己的理想。) 7. It is courage and kindness that turn ordinary people into great figures. (正是勇气与善良，让普通人成为了不起的人物。) 8. The spirit of great people can light up the way for later generations. (伟人的精神，能够为后辈照亮前行的道路。) 9. True greatness consists in doing small things with a sincere heart. (真正的伟大，在于以赤诚之心做好每一件小事。) 10. Great people do not fear failure; they learn and grow from it. (伟人从不畏惧失败，反而从中学习、不断成长。) 11. Many great figures spent their whole life chasing one meaningful goal. (许多伟人穷尽一生，追逐一个有意义的目标。) 12. The power of a great person comes from a firm belief inside his heart. (伟人的力量，源自内心坚定不移的信念。) 13. We can learn valuable lessons from the stories of those great people. (我们能从伟人的事迹中学到宝贵的人生道理。) 14. A great person thinks more about public interests than personal gains. (伟人心中，集体利益永远重于个人得失。) 15. As long as we hold on to our goals, we can also become great in our own field. (只要坚守目标，我们也能在自己的领域闪闪发光。) Passage 1 （2025·广东广州·中考真题）When I was young, my father took me outside to see the stars. Once we saw a comet (彗星)! It was the first comet I’d seen but wasn’t the last. My name is Caroline Herschel. I was born in Hanover, Germany in 1750. When I was 22, I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William. He was a musician and he offered me singing lessons. I helped him with housework in return. I practiced hard and soon started singing at his concerts. Life changed when William became interested in astronomy. He read about space late into the night. Breakfast often turned into a lesson about stars. I learned a lot from him. And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes—the special tools for seeing faraway things. To make the perfect mirrors for our telescopes, we heated metals and shaped them using special molds (模具). These molds were made from strange things, like dry horse waste. I had to break it into small bits. It was dirty work, but I didn’t mind. Someone had to do it. Making the mirrors smooth was very difficult. William invented a machine to help, but he still had to work without stopping for hours once he began. He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed. In 1781, William discovered something fantastic—a new planet! King George was so glad that he made William his astronomer. William made a telescope just for me. And I was able to search the sky along with him. On August 1, 1786, I found something special too—a comet! I watched it carefully for one more night and discovered it was real. Now everyone is talking about my comet. They call it the Lady’s Comet. This is the first comet I’ve ever discovered, but I don’t think it will be the last. Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet, King George paid her to be William’s assistant (助手). She was one of the first women astronomers to be paid for her work. She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797. 1．Why did Caroline move to England? A．To live with her brother. B．To study at a music school. C．To sing at famous concerts. D．To look after a sick relative. 2．In what order did the following happen in Caroline’s life? a. She discovered her first comet.    b. Her brother built a telescope for her. c. Her brother became interested in space.    d. She built telescopes together with her brother. e. She got paid by King George to help with her brother’s work. A．c-d-b-a-e B．c-d-e-b-a C．c-b-d-a-e D．c-b-a-e-d 3．How many comets did Caroline discover by herself? A．One. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. 4．Which of the following best describes Caroline and William’s working relationship? A．Caroline gave William more help. B．Caroline had to do all the dirty work. C．William took care of most of the work. D．They were important to each other’s success. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了德国天文学家卡罗琳·赫歇尔的生平。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William”可知卡罗琳搬到英国是为了与哥哥同住。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Life changed when William became interested in astronomy.”可知，她的哥哥威廉对天文学产生兴趣，这是最先发生的，对应c；根据“And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes”可知，兄妹俩一起制作望远镜，对应d，排除CD；根据“In 1781...William made a telescope just for me”可知，威廉为卡罗琳制作了一台望远镜，对应b，排除B。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet... She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797.”可知，卡罗琳先发现1颗彗星，之后又发现7颗，总共发现8颗。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes”以及“He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed.”可知卡罗琳和威廉一起制造望远镜，在威廉工作时卡罗琳喂他吃饭、给他读故事，他们的工作是相互配合的，对彼此的成功都很重要。故选D。 一、重难词汇（12 个） tireless /ˈtaɪələs/adj. 不知疲倦的 championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/n. 锦标赛，冠军头衔 crown /kraʊn/n. 冠军宝座；王冠 experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/adj. 经验丰富的 calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/n. 计算 lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/n. 闪电 humble /ˈhʌmbl/adj. 谦逊的 stage /steɪdʒ/n. 舞台 master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/n. 大师 history /ˈhɪstri/n. 历史 victory /ˈvɪktəri/n. 胜利 progress /ˈprəʊɡres/n. 进步 二、长难句解析 原句：（第三段第一句）Life changed when William became interested in astronomy. 译文：当威廉对天文学产生兴趣后，生活彻底改变了。 分析：本句为主从复合句。when 引导时间状语从句，主句为 Life changed，从句说明生活发生改变的时间条件。 Passage 2 （2023·广东深圳·中考真题）With more than 30 years of tireless effort, China finally made history in an international chess competition this year. On April 30, Ding Liren took the crown of the World Chess Championship (锦标赛). He beat the Russian player Ian Nepomniachtchi when the Russian made a serious mistake in the final match. Ding became the new world chess champion and also the first Chinese male (男子) player to win the title. His victory means that China now holds both the men’s and women’s world titles in chess. Before him, Xie Jun first won the women’s world title in 1991. From then on, Chinese chess players have made great progress on the world stage. As the 17th winner of the championship with a history of 137 years, Ding showed a gift for chess from an early age. Born in Wenzhou, the “chess city” of China, Ding began learning to play chess when he was little. At the age of five, he won his first national title. When he was seventeen, he beat several experienced masters to win the chess championship of China. Ding is called Silent Storm. He is a man of few words, with unusual skills of calculation. He often beats other players at lightning speed, while remaining calm. Although he has long been a big star in the chess world, he is humble (谦逊的). He learns from his mistakes and is always ready to talk about his problems. Ding hopes that after his big win, more and more young people in China will take an interest in chess. 1. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Ding Liren made a mistake in the final match. B．Xie Jun won the men’s World Chess Championship. C．Ding Liren made history as a Chinese chess player. D．Chinese chess players made little progress after 1991. 2. In which year was the first World Chess Championship held? A．1886. B．1961. C．1993. D．2006. 3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The stories of Ding’s life and family. B．The popularity of chess in Wenzhou. C．The history of the chess championship. D．The development of Ding’s chess career. 4. Which words best describe Ding Liren? A．Quiet and smart. B．Proud and caring. C．Active and helpful. D．Friendly and humorous. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Chinese took a Greater Interest in Chess B．Ding Liren became the New King of Chess C．Xie Jun and Ding Liren Brought honour Home D．Chinese Chess Players Have Worked Hard for Long 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国棋手丁立人经过30多年不懈努力，在国际象棋比赛中创造历史，成为新晋世界冠军以及首位获此殊荣的中国男棋手，同时展现了他的成长历程与个人特质。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Ding became the new world chess champion and also the first Chinese male (男子) player to win the title. His victory means that China now holds both the men’s and women’s world titles in chess.”可知，丁立人成为中国首位获得国际象棋世界冠军的男棋手，创造了历史。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“As the 17th winner of the championship with a history of 137 years”可知，国际象棋锦标赛已有137年历史，结合选项可推知首届比赛于1886年举行。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据“As the 17th winner of the championship with a history of 137 years, Ding showed a gift for chess from an early age...”可知第三段主要讲述了丁立人从小在国际象棋方面的天赋和成就，包括他早期学习国际象棋、赢得全国冠军以及中国锦标赛冠军等经历，这些内容都围绕他国际象棋事业的发展展开。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据“He is a man of few words, with unusual skills of calculation. He often beats other players at lightning speed, while remaining calm.”可知，丁立人话少且计算能力强，能快速击败对手并保持冷静，由此可推断出他是一个安静且聪明的人。故选A。 5. 最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了丁立人成为国际象棋世界冠军的事迹，B选项“丁立人成为国际象棋新王者”最能概括文章主旨。故选B。 一、重难词汇（12 个） tireless /ˈtaɪələs/adj. 不知疲倦的 championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/n. 锦标赛，冠军头衔 crown /kraʊn/n. 冠军宝座；王冠 experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/adj. 经验丰富的 calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/n. 计算 lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/n. 闪电 humble /ˈhʌmbl/adj. 谦逊的 stage /steɪdʒ/n. 舞台 master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/n. 大师 history /ˈhɪstri/n. 历史 victory /ˈvɪktəri/n. 胜利 progress /ˈprəʊɡres/n. 进步 二、长难句解析 原句：（第二段第二句）Ding became the new world chess champion and also the first Chinese male player to win the title. 译文：丁立人成为新晋国际象棋世界冠军，同时也是第一位拿下该头衔的中国男子棋手。 分析：本句为并列简单句；to win the title 不定式作后置定语，修饰 male player。 Passage 1 （2025·广东深圳·三模）Former basketball star Yao Ming visited the North Campus of Shenzhen Senior High School to mark World Book Day and start a new reading activity on April 23, 2025. This day was also the 10th Shenzhen Young People’s Book Reading Day, and the city launched a new program “One Hour Screen-Free Every Day.” The program encourages people, especially young students, to put away their phones and tablets for one hour each day. Instead, they are invited to read paper books or enjoy outdoor activities. Yao Ming has been speaking up about the harmful effects of too much screen time on children. He hopes more young people will explore the real world, enjoy sports, and develop strong reading habits. During his visit, Yao spoke to students about his love for books like China’s 5,000 Years and The World’s 5,000 Years, which influenced him deeply as a child. He also shared that top athletes need not only strong bodies but also strong minds, which come from reading and learning. In his speech, Yao said the program is not against technology. “We just want to find a healthy balance between online and offline life,” he explained. Shenzhen has long worked to build a strong reading culture in the city. It has opened many public libraries in neighborhoods and schools, as well as 24-hour book corners along busy streets. Every year, the city organizes Reading Month to encourage more people to enjoy books. Now, to support the program, Shenzhen will publish a monthly list of recommended paper books and fun reading or outdoor activities for families and schools. More schools are joining the program, and many students have already taken part. 1. Why did Yao Ming go to the North Campus of Shenzhen Senior High School? A．To help students play basketball better. B．To take part in a reading day activity. C．To celebrate his favorite childhood books. D．To talk about the use of smartphones. 2. What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Launching a program about screen-free time. B．Celebrating a day about student reading. C．Encouraging reading with the help of books. D．Suggesting ways to enjoy books and technology. 3. What kind of books did Yao Ming say influenced him as a child? A．Books about animals and nature. B．Books about science and inventions. C．Books about Chinese and world history. D．Books about sports and famous players. 4. What does Yao Ming mainly want to tell students through his speech? A．Reading and sports are both important. B．Sports are more useful than reading. C．Technology should be avoided. D．Strong athletes can become good readers. 5. What will the writer most likely talk about next? A．How public libraries stay open all day and night. B．How Yao Ming plans to write his own books. C．How the city will add more street book corners. D．How students join the screen-free hour program. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文通过姚明参与深圳读书日活动的经历，阐述了减少屏幕时间、培养阅读习惯的重要性，同时展示了深圳作为 “阅读之城” 推广全民阅读的举措，强调线上线下生活的健康平衡及阅读对身心发展的深远意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Former basketball star Yao Ming visited the North Campus of Shenzhen Senior High School to mark World Book Day and start a new reading activity...”可知，姚明是为了参加阅读日活动。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据“the city launched a new program ‘One Hour Screen-Free Every Day.’”可知，第二段主要讲启动无屏幕时间计划。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Yao spoke to students about his love for books like China’s 5,000 Years and The World’s 5,000 Years”可知，是关于中国和世界历史的书籍。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据“He hopes more young people will explore the real world, enjoy sports, and develop strong reading habits.”及“top athletes need not only strong bodies but also strong minds, which come from reading and learning”可知，姚明强调阅读和运动都重要。故选A。 5. 推理判断题。根据“More schools are joining the program, and many students have already taken part.”可知，下文可能讲学生如何参与无屏幕计划。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级·广东广州·二轮复习）Lei Diansheng is a famous Chinese explorer and environmental protector. Born in 1963 in a small village near Harbin, he is called “the modern Xu Xiake” for his great journey. Before starting his trip, he spent 10 years preparing—he did daily long runs to build up his strength and read many books on wild survival to learn how to deal with dangers. From 1998 to 2008, Lei spent 10 years walking across China. He walked about 81,000 kilometers—almost twice around the equator (赤道)! During the trip, he wore out 52 pairs of shoes and lost 19 toenails. Once, he even had to eat snake meat to stay alive in the Shennongjia Forest. He faced many dangers, like mudslides (泥石流) and wolf attacks, but he never gave up. In 2008 he made history by walking alone through the Lop Nur Desert—a dry, dangerous place. He walked 1,100 kilometers in 31 days and became the first person to do that alone. Lei didn’t just walk for fun. He visited all 56 ethnic groups (民族) in China, took 40,000 photos and wrote 3.2 million words in his notes. These notes became a “living record” of Chinese culture and nature. He also helped others during his trip—he gave money to poor students and joined in flood rescue (抗洪) work in Hunan Province. Now, Lei still works for nature and education. He leads teams to study the environment, like protecting the source of the Yangtze River. Last year, he took a group of scientists to collect water samples there. He also works with traditional artists to turn his travel notes into art, so more people can learn about environmental protection. For students, he organizes hiking camps in Heilongjiang’s forests, where kids learn to identify wild plants and understand local ethnic cultures. Lei’s story tells us: True adventure is not just about walking far. It’s about loving our land and protecting it. 1. Why is Lei called “the modern Xu Xiake”? A．Because he was born near Harbin. B．Because he made a great walking journey. C．Because he lived exactly the same as Xu Xiake did 400 years ago. D．Because he likes reading Xu Xiake’s books. 2. What can we know about Lei Diansheng’s 10-year journey? A．He walked around the equator twice. B．He wore 52 pairs of new shoes. C．He faced many dangers but kept going. D．He finished his trip in 2000. 3. What is the correct order of Lei Diansheng’s life events according to the passage? ① He became the first person to walk alone through the Lop Nur Desert. ② He spent 10 years preparing for his journey across China. ③ He had to eat snake meat to stay alive in the Shennongjia Forest. ④ He led a group of scientists to collect water samples at the source of the Yangtze River. ⑤ He started his 10-year journey walking across China. A．②⑤③①④ B．②⑤③④① C．⑤②③①④ D．⑤③②④① 4. What can we infer from Lei’s work now? A．He only cares about the Yangtze River. B．His travel notes are turned to art completely by himself. C．He wants more people to protect nature. D．He organizes hiking camps where kids learn about art. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国著名探险家雷殿生被称为“现代徐霞客”的原因，详细描述了他十年徒步穿越中国的艰难历程及其后的环保与教育工作，展现了他对土地的热爱和保护自然的决心。 【详解】1. 第一段中“he is called ‘the modern Xu Xiake’ for his great journey.”可知，他被称为“现代徐霞客”是因为他那伟大的旅程。 2. 第二段中“He faced many dangers, like mudslides and wolf attacks, but he never gave up.”可知，他在旅途中面临了许多危险，如泥石流和狼的袭击，但他从未放弃，一直在坚持前行。 3. 根据文章内容梳理时间线：⑤对应第二段“From 1998 to 2008, Lei spent 10 years walking across China.”；②对应第一段“Before starting his trip, he spent 10 years preparing...”；③对应第二段“Once, he even had to eat snake meat to stay alive in the Shennongjia Forest.”；①对应第二段“In 2008 he made history by walking alone through the Lop Nur Desert...”；④对应第四段“Last year, he took a group of scientists to collect water samples there.”。正确顺序应为②⑤③①④。 4. 最后一段“Lei’s story tells us: True adventure is not just about walking far. It’s about loving our land and protecting it.”以及第四段提到的环保工作，可以推断出他现在的工作核心是希望更多人参与自然保护。 Passage 3 （2023·广东广州·二模）How do people find their inner(内在的) talent? British author and speaker Sir Kenneth Robinson talked about this at TED．He told a story about Gillian Lynne, a great dancer and choreographer(编舞者) who has worked in famous musicals like Cats and Phantom of the Opera. Gillian Lynne never did well in school as a child. 1 . Her mother was quite worried about her. She took Lynne to see a doctor. 2 . Then, the doctor said to Lynne, “I need to talk to your mother first. Wait here.” As they left the room, the doctor turned on the radio. He then said to Lynne’s mother, “Just stand and watch her. 3 . The doctor then turned to Lynne’s mother and said, “Mrs. Lynne, your daughter isn’t sick. She’s a dancer. Take her to a dance school.” So she did. Lynne’s new dance school was full of people just like her-people who had to move in order to think. 4 . Lynne later went to the Royal Ballet School, one of the world’s greatest dance schools, and became a great dancer. After leaving the school she worked on some of the most successful musicals in history. It is hard to believe that years ago, somebody else would just put her on medication(药物治疗) and tell her to calm down. Those who never do well in school needn’t worry. 5 . A．Find your inner talent like Lynne, you can also succeed. B．She loved the life in the dance school, and she showed her great talent soon. C．After they left the room, Lynne was on her feet, dancing to the music on the radio. D．For 20 minutes, she talked about the problems Lynne was having in school with the doctor. E．She couldn’t think carefully when she was learning and often found herself unable to keep still. 【答案】1. E 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文主要讲述舞蹈家吉莉安·琳恩小时候学业不好，母亲很担心，带她去看医生，而医生发现了她的舞蹈才能，后来琳恩去了舞蹈学校并成为伟大的舞蹈家。由此启发读者学业不好不用担心，试着找到自己潜在的才能，总有一天会成功。 1. 根据“Gillian Lynne never did well in school as a child.”可知琳恩在学校表现并不是很好，选项E“她在学习时无法仔细思考，并且她发现自己好动。”符合语境。故选E。 2. 根据“She took Lynne to see a doctor.”可知琳恩的母亲带她去看医生，选项D“她和医生谈论了琳恩在学校里遇到的问题谈了20分钟。”符合语境。故选D。 3. 根据“Mrs. Lynne, your daughter isn’t sick. She’s a dancer. Take her to a dance school.”可知，当医生打开收音机离开房间后，琳恩随着收音机里的音乐在跳舞，选项C“他们离开房间后，琳恩站了起来，随着收音机里的音乐翩翩起舞。”符合语境。故选C。 4. 根据“Lynne later went to the Royal Ballet School, one of the world’s greatest dance schools, and became a great dancer.”可知，琳恩在舞蹈方面是非常有天赋的，选项B“她热爱舞蹈学校的生活，很快就展现出了自己的才华。”符合语境。故选B。 5. 根据“Those who never do well in school needn’t worry.”及结合文章内容可知，本文主要是通过琳恩的经历告诉我们学业不好不用担心，试着找到自己潜在的才能，总有一天也会成功的，选项A“找到像琳恩一样的内在天赋，你也可以成功。”符合语境。故选A。 Passage 4 （2022·广东广州·二模）阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It’s been about 100 years since the actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin produced the film The Kid. It was made in black and white and was silent. 24 The story is about the relationship between two homeless people. 25 In the movie, the 6-year-old Jackie usually breaks windows and runs away. Then Chaplin offers to fix the windows to make money for their living. As time goes by, the pair develops a partnership. 26 Chaplin was known for being strict when looking for actors. It is said that if he could, he would have played every role in every one of his films. A few days before he started testing actors for the role, the kid, his baby son had died. With luck, Chaplin visited a theatre and a dancer brought his son, Jackie Coogan. 27 Chaplin later wrote, “All children have talent；the key is to bring it out in them. With Jackie, it is easy.” The Kid was based on Chaplin and his brother, Sydney’s life experiences with their mother. Like the kid in the film, Chaplin had a very poor childhood. He and Sydney were raised by their mother. At 10, his mum became too ill to look after her sons, so they had to take care of themselves. 28 A．It was not easy for Chaplin to choose the actor for the role, the kid. B．Seeing him on the stage, Chaplin knew he was the right person to be in his film. C．It was always considered to be the greatest film directed and acted by Chaplin. D．One is the father, played by Chaplin, and the other is his adopted (收养的) child, played by Jackie Coogan. E．Perhaps that was why people said the film showed the true life. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. E 【导语】本文主要介绍了《The Kid》这部反映卓别林生活经历的电影。 【详解】1. 根据上文“It’s been about 100 years since the actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin produced the film The Kid. It was made in black and white and was silent.”可知，说的是查理•卓别林制作的电影，结合选项，应说这部电影一直被认为是卓别林导演和主演的最伟大的电影。故选C。 2. 根据上文“The story is about the relationship between two homeless people.”可知，说的是两个无家可归的人，结合选项，应说一个是父亲，由卓别林扮演，另一个是他的养子，由Jackie Coogan扮演。故选D。 3. 根据下文“Chaplin was known for being strict when looking for actors.”可知说的是选演员，结合选项，应说卓别林选择扮演孩子的这个演员并不容易。故选A。 4. 根据上文“With luck, Chaplin visited a theatre and a dancer brought his son, Jackie Coogan.”可知，说的是Jackie Coogan，结合选项，应说当卓别林在舞台上看到他时，他知道他就是电影中的合适人选。故选B。 5. 根据上文“The Kid was based on Chaplin and his brother, Sydney’s life experiences with their mother.”可知，说的是卓别林和家人的生活经历，结合选项，应说也许这就是为什么人们说这部电影展现了真实的生活。故选E。 Passage 5 （2022·广东深圳·三模）阅读下面几位共和国勋章获得者的材料，为五位少年寻找他们的偶像。 1 . Li Bingbing: My dream is to be an engineer working on the board of nuclear submarine. I want to learn from the chief designer of Long March First. 2 . Wang Yimin: I enjoy doing chemical experiment and I always want to study traditional Chinese medicine. I want to read a book about a Chinese who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 3 . Mo Taoran: I often visit the space museum, with interest in satellite technology and space exploration. I want to read the stories about the chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China’s lunar exploration project. 4 . Peng Qirui: I have a dream of being a hero some day. I want to write a person who was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero during the Liberation War. 5 . Cao Aiqiang: Hydrogen bomb is a great invention. I want to learn something about the nuclear physicist who took part in detonating China’s first hydrogen bomb. A．On June 17, 1967, China detonated (引爆) its first hydrogen bomb. It took only 32 months to go from its first atomic bomb to its first hydrogen bomb. As a nuclear physicist, Yu Min played an important role in this process. B．Sun Jiadong made great contributions toward developing Chinese satellite technology and space exploration. He was chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China’s lunar exploration project. C． Zhang Fuqing was a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the Liberation War. He was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero (战斗英雄). In 1955, he volunteered to work in a distant country in Hubei province and has been helping poor people there ever since. D．Huang Xuhua was the chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarine (核潜艇). Long March First, China’s earliest nuclear submarine, took its first test dive on Dec 26, 1970. Huang — who was 44 at the time — was on board for the dive. E. Tu Youyou is known for winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. She got inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine theories and discovered artemisinin (青蒿素), a medicine that can be used to treat malaria. Her finding has saved the lives of millions. F. Shen Jilan, a farmer, is a lifelong lawmaker. In1954, she became a deputy to the National People’s Congress (全国人民代表大会代表). Since then, she has served at all 13 NPCs. She came up with the idea of equal pay for equal work between men and women. The idea was written into China’s first constitution. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. A 【导语】本文介绍了几位共和国勋章获得者及五位少年的一些信息。 【详解】1. 根据“I want to learn from the chief designer of Long March First.”可知李冰冰想要向长征一号的总设计师学习，选项D“黄旭华是中国第一代核潜艇的总设计师。1970年12月26日，中国最早的核潜艇‘长征一号’进行了首次试潜。当时44岁的黄也在船上。”介绍的是长征一号的总设计师。故选D。 2. 根据“I want to read a book about a Chinese who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.”可知王一民想读一本关于2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国人的书，E项“屠呦呦因2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖而闻名。她从中医理论中得到启发，发现了青蒿素，一种可以用于治疗疟疾的药物。她的发现拯救了数百万人的生命。”介绍的是2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国人。故选E。 3. 根据“I want to read the stories about the chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China’s lunar exploration project.”可知莫陶然想看看关于北斗导航系统和中国探月工程总设计师的故事，B项“孙家栋为发展中国卫星技术和空间探索做出了巨大贡献。他是北斗导航系统和中国探月工程的首席设计师。”介绍的是北斗导航系统和中国探月工程的首席设计师。故选B。 4. 根据“I want to write a person who was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero during the Liberation War.”可知彭琪瑞想要写一个在解放战争期间两次被授予战斗英雄称号的人。C项“张富清是解放战争期间解放军的一名士兵。他两次被授予战斗英雄的称号。1955年，他志愿到湖北省的一个遥远的国家工作，一直帮助那里的穷人。”介绍的是一名两次被授予战斗英雄称号的解放军士兵。故选C。 5. 根据“I want to learn something about the nuclear physicist who took part in detonating China’s first hydrogen bomb.”可知曹安强想了解一下那个参与引爆中国第一颗氢弹的核物理学家。A项“1967年6月17日，中国引爆了第一颗氢弹。从制造第一颗原子弹到制造第一颗氢弹只花了32个月的时间。作为核物理学家，于敏在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。”介绍参与引爆中国第一颗氢弹的物理学家于敏。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 19 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $