专题04 虚拟语气（拔高专练）2027年高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

**基本信息** 以高考真题为引领，构建“时间轴判定+句型分类+易错警示”三维方法体系，通过传统与现代文化情境融合实现虚拟语气知识逻辑的递进式迁移，提升语言运用与文化理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题感知|6道高考真题|时间轴判定核心、if虚拟公式、命令建议类速记口诀、含蓄虚拟标志词|从基础if条件句（过去/现在/将来）到特殊句型（suggest/It is high time/wish），形成“规则-特例-易错点”认知链条| |强化演练|5考点20题|倒装句式判定、wish三时态规则、固定句型虚拟标志|按“基础应用-难点突破-情境迁移”分层，结合非遗/古建筑保护等文化情境强化知识应用| |拔高预测|多题型综合|跨题型虚拟语气识别与应用|整合语法填空/阅读等题型，实现从单一知识点到语篇综合运用的能力提升，渗透文化意识与思维品质|

专题04 虚拟语气 参考答案 真题感知 1.had attached 2.were 3.(should) reduce 4.paid/should pay 5.couldn’t have completed 6.had taken 强化演练 一、单句语法填空 考点01 if引导虚拟条件句（现在/过去/将来虚拟） 1. devoted/were 2. had studied 3. would be 4. should fail 5. had known 考点02 就近原则主谓一致 1. Had 2. Were 3. Should 4. Had 5. Were 考点03 数量短语主谓一致 1. (should) finish 2. (should) accept 3. (should) improve 4. (should) protect 5. (should) explore 考点04 特殊名词、集合名词主谓一致 1. had seen 2. were 3. had arrived 4. would be 5. had known 考点05 从句、非谓语主谓一致 1. would have missed 2. could have done 3. might be 4. should have finished 5. would rather had 二、语法填空 Passage 1 36 that 37. by 38. fifth 39. sets 40. jointly 41. To advance 42. wellness 43. featuring 44. an 45. paired Passage 2 1. involving 2. was facing 3. forcing 4. where 5. to deal 6.with 7. have been adapted 8. withdrawal 9. competitive 10. in 三、阅读理解 Passage 3 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C Passage4 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 四、七选五 Passage 5 16. A 17. D 18. G 19. F 20. E 拔高预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 36. breathing 37. quietly 38. adaptation##adaption 39. symbols 40. cultural 41. which 42. were issued 43. to explore 44. and 45. to 二、完形填空 Passage 2 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 三、阅读理解 Passage 3 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B Passage 4 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C 四、七选五 Passage 5 16. G 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. F 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 虚拟语气 目 录 真题感知 1 强化演练 3 拔高预测 10 真题感知 1.（2026·新高考I卷·高考真题）If we ________ (attach) more importance to traditional culture inheritance in the past, more traditional skills would have been well preserved. 【解题方法】 （1）虚拟语气时间轴判定核心 ① 主句出现would/could/should/might + have done → 从句对过去虚拟，从句用had done； ② 主句出现would/could/should/might + do → 从句对现在/将来虚拟。 （2）if虚拟条件句固定公式 过去虚拟：If + 主语 + had done，主语 + would have done； 现在虚拟：If + 主语 + did/were，主语 + would do； 将来虚拟：If + 主语 + did/should do/were to do，主语 + would do。 （3）易错易混速记 切勿混淆主从句时态搭配，过去虚拟必须从句用had done、主句用have done结构。 2.（2025·新高考II卷·高考真题）If I ________ (be) free next weekend, I would take part in the traditional culture volunteer activity. 【解题方法】 （1）将来虚拟三种句式 if从句可采用did / should do / were to do三种形式，均可表示与将来事实相反的假设。 （2）固定特例记忆 虚拟语气中，无论主语是第几人称，be动词一律用were，无was用法。 （3）易错警示 不要根据主语单复数使用was，这是虚拟语气最高频易错点。 3.（2025·北京卷·高考真题）The doctor suggested that the teenager ________ (reduce) screen time to protect eyesight. 【解题方法】 （1）命令建议请求类动词速记 suggest、advise、propose、order、command、demand、require、request等动词，后接宾语从句一律用(should) do。 （2）易错点区分 suggest表“暗示、表明”时，不用虚拟语气，根据时态正常变形。 （3）方法速记 一坚持(insist)二命令(order/command)三建议(suggest/advise/propose)四要求(demand/require/request/ask)，从句虚拟用原形。 4.（2024·新高考I卷·高考真题）It is high time that we ________ (pay) attention to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. 【解题方法】 （1）高频固定句型规则 It is (high/about) time that... 从句虚拟，谓语用过去式或should do，无原形用法。 （2）易错易混 该句型不属于真实时态，不能直接用动词原形，是高考语法填空高频考点。 （3）方法总结 看到It is high time，立刻锁定从句用虚拟过去式。 5.（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）Without your help, we ________ (complete) the traditional culture research project successfully last month. 【解题方法】 （1）含蓄虚拟标志词 without、but for、otherwise、or 均可替代if引导虚拟条件。 （2）时态判定 有过去时间状语→对过去虚拟，用have done；无时间状语多为对现在/将来虚拟，用do。 （3）易错警示 含蓄虚拟无if引导，极易被忽略，需通过语境和时间状语判定虚拟。 6.（2024·浙江卷·高考真题）I wish I ________ (take) the teacher’s advice on traditional skill learning last year. 【解题方法】 （1）wish虚拟三时态规则 对现在虚拟：wish + 主语 + did/were； 对过去虚拟：wish + 主语 + had done； 对将来虚拟：wish + 主语 + would/could do。 （2）解题关键 根据句中时间状语，精准判定虚拟时间，匹配对应句式。 （3）易错点 wish从句一律虚拟，不使用真实时态，切忌正常变形。 强化演练 一、单句语法填空 考点01 if引导虚拟条件句（现在/过去/将来虚拟） 1.【新情境·非遗技艺传承】（2026济南二模）If more young people ________ (devote) themselves to intangible cultural heritage inheritance now, traditional crafts would not fade away. 2.【新情境·古建筑保护】（2026青岛期末）If people ________ (take) effective protection measures earlier, many ancient buildings would have survived completely. 3.【新情境·国风文化推广】（2026烟台月考）If we ________ (promote) Chinese traditional culture tomorrow, more teenagers would know about its unique charm. 4.【新情境·传统节日弘扬】（2025潍坊期中）If every teenager ________ (value) traditional festivals, our traditional culture would be better inherited. 考点02 虚拟条件句倒装（高频难点） 1.【新情境·传统戏曲创新】（2026淄博模拟）________ (Should/Had/Were) traditional operas combine with modern fashion, they would attract more young audiences. 2.【新情境·古籍修复保护】（2026德州二模）________ (Had/Were/Should) we protected ancient books well in the past, fewer precious materials would have been lost. 3.【新情境·传统手工艺传播】（2025泰安期末）________ (Were/Should/Had) I a traditional craft inheritor, I would spread the craft to more teenagers. 4.【新情境·民俗文化传承】（2026聊城月考）________ (Had/Should/Were) local villagers pay more attention to folk culture inheritance, the local customs would be well preserved. 考点03 命令/建议/请求类虚拟语气 1.【新情境·校园美育建设】（2026济宁模拟）The teacher recommended that students ________ (take) part in traditional art courses actively. 2.【新情境·文化保护工作】（2026滨州期末）The experts demanded that effective measures ________ (adopt) to protect ancient cultural relics. 3.【新情境·非遗推广工作】（2025东营月考）The school insisted that every student ________ (learn) at least one traditional craft. 4.【新情境·传统文化研学】（2026枣庄模拟）The advisor proposed that we ________ (organize) more traditional culture study tours. 考点04 wish/if only/as if 虚拟语气 1.【新情境·传统书法学习】（2026潍坊二模）I wish I ________ (stick) to practicing calligraphy when I was a child. 2.【新情境·民俗文化体验】（2025临沂期末）The little girl talks about folk customs as if she ________ (be) a local inheritor for years. 3.【新情境·传统技艺传承】（2026菏泽月考）If only we ________ (pay) enough attention to traditional craft inheritance before! 4.【新情境·国风文创创作】（2026威海二模）I wish I ________ (create) more original Chinese-style cultural works in the future. 考点05 固定句型及含蓄虚拟语气 1.【新情境·文化自信培养】（2025济宁期末）It is high time that teenagers ________ (attach) great importance to traditional culture learning. 2.【新情境·古村落保护】（2026东营二模）But for the local protection policy, these ancient villages ________ (disappear) long ago. 3.【新情境·传统艺术普及】（2026泰安二模）We should have popularized traditional art earlier. Otherwise, its charm ________ (be) unknown to many young people. 4.【新情境·非遗文化传播】（2025淄博期末）It is necessary that every student ________ (master) basic traditional cultural knowledge. 2、 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境・国民体重管理公共卫生时政科普】（2026 济宁二模） The recent announcement by China’s National Health Commission (NHC) ____36____ it would promote a three-year “weight management” campaign has fueled nationwide enthusiasm. This campaign moves beyond traditional policy approaches ____37____ combining nationwide cooperation with community-level engagement. Over past years, China has witnessed an upward trend in the disease rate of its overweight and obese population. Obesity (肥胖) has become a major public health issue in China, ranking as the ____38____ (five) leading risk factor for death and disability in the country. What ____39____ (set) this campaign apart is its comprehensive strategy, excelling through cross-sector cooperation. Sixteen government agencies ____40____ (joint) work to address obesity’s complex challenges, creating targeted plans for different age groups and life phases. ____41____ (advance) the mission, the NHC crafted the “Nutrition & Exercise Guide”, which has gone viral for its localized eating advice that harmonizes cultural food traditions with science-backed ____42____ (well) principles. Acknowledging obesity’s physical and emotional impacts, the campaign provides personalized health blueprints ____43____ (feature) meal schedules and workout routines. Furthermore, specialized teams composed of dietitians, traditional medicine experts, and fitness trainers create personalized support networks, monitoring daily progress via health apps, transforming health awareness into ____44____ engaging daily habit. It’s hoped that strong centralized leadership ____45____ (pair) with local engagement can effectively address obesity. Passage 2 【新情境・三十六计之围魏救赵】（2026・湖南常德・二模） “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” belongs to Thirty-Six Strategies, a collection of ancient Chinese military wisdom. The strategy’s origin lies in a Warring States event, 1. ________ (involve) the kingdoms of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao 2. ________ (face) a deadly attack from Wei, the state of Qi adopted this clever plan: launch an attack on Wei’s capital, 3. ________ (force) Wei troops to retreat home to defend their own land. The core logic creates a situation 4. ________ the enemy must make a tough choice, often giving up their offensive5. ________ (deal) with a more urgent domestic crisis. It combines surprise attacks 6. ________ psychological pressure on opponents. By shifting fighting areas to weak spots, the strategy avoids direct fierce battles and gains advantages without heavy losses. Today, its ideas 7. ________ (adapt) to business, sports and daily communication. In commercial competition, companies use this strategy to attack competitors’ weak markets, pushing them into a strategic 8. ________ (withdraw). Sports teams also take advantage of rivals’ defensive mistakes to win 9. ________ (compete) edges. This ancient strategy still has great value 10. ________ modern society. 3、 阅读理解 passage 3 【新情境・环保主题纪实摄影人文记叙文】（2026 济宁二模） During my early years, I focused on eye-catching landscape photography. I spent time in the Himalayas, Patagonia and Tasmania and returned with pictures of breathtaking beauty which I thought were “awesome”. But a one-month camping trip to the Menindee lakes along Darling-Baaka in Australia shifted my perspective; Photography is more than taking photos. As I became increasingly familiar with the place, I learned that human activities led to widespread deforestation and drought in the area, resulting in many dead trees. Driving across the region, I recalled that Sydney was blanketed by smoke for months on end as bushfires swept through the east coast. Fortunately, the La Niña weather cycle reached Australia, increasing rainfall and causing the continent’s short-lived rivers to spring back to life. Yet, the image of bushfires stayed with me, and I felt driven to do something. That was when the photo Blaze came into being. I spoke to the local authority, explaining that I hoped to create a “burning” tree as a beacon (灯塔) to draw people’s attention to deforestation. They showed great interest because fire is an integral part of the Australian farming and the natives. I connected a few of the gas canisters (罐) generally used for barbecues to flexible gas lines called “slinkies”, which could be wired up the back of the tree, away from the tree and out of sight of the public. These produced an outline of flames (火焰) when I lit them, as if the tree were on fire. It was lit for 15 seconds while I got the shot, and fire-fighting equipment was prepared. Even though the tree was dead, it was still a vital habitat. But the gas flames did no damage and the insects that lived inside were unharmed. I love that when people look at the photo, they can concretize the delicacy of our natural world while appreciating Blaze. 4. What is the author’s new perception of photography? A. It involves professional skills. B. It should carry deep meanings. C. It requires high-end equipment. D. It should produce beautiful pictures. 5. What inspired the author to create Blaze? A. Local environmental changes. B. Traditional Australian farming. C. Scenery of the Menindee lakes. D. Support from the local authority. 6. Which of the following images best illustrates the photo Blaze? A. B. C. D. 7. What is the photo Blaze intended to be? A. A means of enhancing artistic taste. B. A strategy to beautify the landscape. C. A call to raise public awareness. D. A window to showcase local culture. passage4 【新情境・工业高盐废水透析技术理工科普】（2026 济宁二模） Numerous industries produce larger quantities of wastewaters containing high concentrations of organic substances and inorganic salts. Discharging these wastewaters to the environment is harmful to ecosystem and human health. However, the high salt content in these wastewaters pose serious challenges for existing treatment processes. Researchers at Rice University, in partnership with Guangdong University of Technology, have developed a groundbreaking method for it — adopting dialysis (透析) technology commonly used in medicine. The researchers selected commercial ultrafiltration membranes (超滤膜) which were designed to let salt pass through while trapping organic substances. They set up a system where salty wastewater and fresh water flowed in opposite directions on either side of a special membrane, without needing pumps. Due to the difference of salt concentrations between waste water and fresh water, salt naturally moves into the fresh water while organic substances are kept back. To test this, they compared the amount of organic material and salt in the waste water before and after treatment. The results showed the system could effectively remove salt without using extra amounts of fresh water. One significant advantage of dialysis is its resistance to fouling (积垢). Unlike pressure-driven systems, dialysis experienced notably less buildup of organic materials on the membrane because it doesn’t rely on extra pressure. “This could translate to lower energy consumption, less maintenance, and fewer membrane replacements,” said Elimelech, a researcher on the study. Additionally, with suitable membranes, dialysis can be tailored to separate various organics, enabling the selective recovery of valuable resources from the wastewater. In this way, dialysis creates opportunities for transforming wastewater treatment plants into resource recovery factories, aligning the principles of a recycling economy. Overall, while dialysis alone doesn’t fully purify wastewater, it can transform the high-salinity organic wastewater stream into a low-salinity organic wastewater stream that can be readily treated by conventional methods, which revolutionizes the treatment of some of the most challenging industrial wastewaters. 8. What is the major challenge faced by current wastewater treatment? A. The lack of sufficient treatment devices. B. The high salt percentage in wastewaters. C. The substantial volumes of wastewaters. D. The considerable cost of treatment processes. 9. What can be learned about the process of dialysing wastewaters? A. The membrane transformed salt into organics. B. The extra pressure contributed to salt transport. C. The concentration difference played the key role. D. Liquids on both sides flowed in the same direction. 10. What does the underlined word “aligning” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Matching. B. Establishing. C. Adjusting. D. Challenging. 11. Which of the following can be a suitable title? A. Dialysis: A Pioneering Blessing for Medicine B. Membranes: A Protective Screen for Fresh Water C Dialysis: A New Pathway for Wastewater Treatment D. High-Salinity Wastewater: A Threat to the Environment. 4、 七选五、 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Passage 5 【新情境・居家植物标本制作实操说明文】（2026 济宁二模） Creating your own plant specimens (标本) is a fun, simple project that anyone can do at home. It involves collecting plant specimens, pressing them and labeling them. ____16____ Just keep an eye out wherever you go and look for your eye-catching plants. Labeling them is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to show you how to press the specimens. Construct a homemade plant press. ____17____ Then cover it with a piece of corrugated (起皱的) card, followed by 2 sheets of absorbent paper. This will serve as the bottom half of your press. Have a second board and more cards and absorbent paper on standby for when you’re ready to put the top half. Arrange your specimens on the bottom half of your press. Lay out each cutting which you’ve cleaned beforehand in such a way that it looks as attractive as possible. ____18____ If possible, stretch smaller specimens out to their full length so that they dry perfectly flat. Leave 1 — 2 inches of space between each specimen to keep them from sticking together. ____19____ Once you’re satisfied with the layout of your plants, sandwich them with another layer of absorbent paper, corrugated card, and hardboard. Pile bricks, large books, or similar items evenly across the upper board to weigh it down and press the cuttings flat. Continue drying and pressing your specimens. ____20____ Depending on the size and type of the plants you’re preserving, it may take them anywhere from a couple of days to 3 full weeks to dry completely. A. Collecting plant specimens is very simple. B. Describe any outstanding features you notice. C. Start by selecting the materials you may need. D. Place one hardboard flat against a level surface. E. The duration of this process varies considerably. F. Close the press and set heavy objects on top to create pressure. G. Meanwhile, ensure each of its main features can be seen clearly. 拔高模拟 Passage 1 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 【新情境・非遗文化】（2026肥城一模） Bent over a bright vase of pink peonies (牡丹), a young craftsman guided his painting tool in patient and practiced circles at a factory in Beijing, ____36____ (breathe) new life into China’s cloisonné (掐丝珐琅) tradition. The art, dating from the Yuan Dynasty, is ____37____ (quiet) evolving through the hands of young artists who bring fresh ideas to an ancient craft. “Cloisonné has always been about ____38____ (adapt),” said Zhong Liansheng, chief craft artist at the factory. Under his guidance, well-designed ____39____ (symbol) and fine craftsmanship have helped cloisonné bridge traditional and modern styles. In recent years, cloisonné pieces have been chosen as national gifts at major diplomatic (外交) events. It reflects both artistic excellence and ____40____ (culture) confidence. The craft’s rising appeal is part of a broader rejuvenation of traditional skills across China, ____41____ has been promoted by national policy. This includes guidelines that ____42____ (issue) in 2017, calling for the preservation of heritage and the integration of traditional culture into daily life. Fueled by government support that enables a new generation ____43____ (explore) living heritage, traditional crafts are entering a new stage of prosperity. The impact is visible nationwide: more than 11,000 workshops have been established, safeguarding traditional crafts while also creating jobs ____44____ strengthening local communities. As of March this year, the number of national-level heritage guardians had amounted ____45____ nearly 4,000. Passage 2 2、 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 【新情境・亲情温情记叙文】（2025滨州一模） When I was young, I asked my parents what was wrong with Uncle George. They said nothing was ‌“wrong” with him exactly, but that he was ____21____ disabled. Anyway, my uncle and I have always shared a special ____22____. Back in the day, George would ____23____ ask for my cellphone number and write it down. He’d call a bunch of times and then abruptly stop — because he had ____24____ the piece of paper with my ____25____ on it. He calls me 10 times a day, 365 days a year. Though I love him quite a bit, I just ____26____ two of those phone calls a day. We often play role-playing games. In one, he’s a commander in the army, and I’m a soldier, reporting my ____27____. In another, we’re both lifeguards, strategizing the ____28____ of a drowning person. We go ____29____ in character for some time. Then finally, he’ll say, ‌“Tommy. I’m just calling to say you’re the best guy I know.” ‌“So are you,” I reply. ‌“The two of us!” No matter what’s going on in the world, these calls are something I can ____30____. During my painful breakups and professional ____31____, that phone call rolls in, allowing me to escape from ____32____ for a bit. George doesn’t understand things at an adult level, so it’s impossible for him to ____33____ whether I’m having a good or bad day. However, he’s able to bring me energy, love and ____34____. I know that even at my worst, I can count on Uncle George, who always ____35____ me I’m the best guy he knows. 21. A. physically B. mentally C. seriously D. basically 22. A. taste B. intention C. hobby D. bond 23. A. repeatedly B. reluctantly C. accidentally D. willingly 24. A. kept B. lost C. stole D. valued 25. A. address B. name C. number D. photo 26. A. answer B. recall C. pay D. ignore 27. A. lesson B. pain C. duty D. order 28. A. profit B. rescue C. result D. struggle 29. A. up and down B. day and night C. here and there D. back and forth 30. A. take on B. rely on C. hold on D. insist on 31. A. standards B. routines C. achievements D. setbacks 32. A. reality B. practice C. assessment D. ambition 33. A. guess B. prove C. appreciate D. comprehend 34. A. acceptance B. generosity C. forgiveness D. patience 35. A. expects B. prays C. tells D. hopes 3、 阅读理解 Passage 3 【新情境・互联网技术】（2025德州一模） Some of the world’s 7,000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools. A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages. Tochi Precious, a Nigerian, says, “It pains me to see a language dying off, because it’s not just about the language, but about the history and culture associated with it.” It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo, an endangered African language. Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings, and how it is written and used is key, according to campaigners like Precious, who aid others in their languages’ protection through the organisation Wikitongues. Amrit Sufi, an Indian speaking Angika, records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues, too. “It’s urgent to document and make it accessible, not just stored in a library,” she says. “Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry-produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing. They’re ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it, seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.” Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative-language Wikipedia entries. Wikipedia is favoured by language activists as a way to upload media and build effective and affordable dictionaries. There are moves to use artificial intelligence to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots. Many activists create books, videos and recordings. Community radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages. Despite such preservation, activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge. “While Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages, parents believe only English is useful for children’s future, insisting that if they don’t speak English, they appear ignorant and don’t belong,” Precious says. “But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.” 8. How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss? A. Through national programs. B. Through word of mouth. C. Through mass music formats. D. Through Internet technology. 9. What may be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi? A. Decline in population. B. Lack of job-market demands. C. Prejudice against Angika. D. Absence of formal education. 10. What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language? A. Promoting its use. B. Building community cooperation. C. Obtaining financial support. D. Getting advanced recording devices. 11. What is Precious’ attitude towards the Igbo rescue move? A. Skeptical. B. Positive. C. Pessimistic. D. Uncaring. passage 4 【新情境・大脑科学】（2025德州一模） A watched pot never boils, but time has wings when you’re having fun. The familiar saying has a basis in solid science — our sense of time does expand and contract depending on the way we experience the world. Even delicate visual features can affect how we perceive time. New research shows more memorable images seem to last longer. Martin Wiener, head of the research, says the finding helps reveal how the brain’s time-bending strategy allows it to process and remember more information. While what is actually happening in the brain when time seems to expand remains unclear, scientists suspect it may have something to do with helping the brain process more information in limited time. This is especially relevant for the brain’s visual system which, subjected to information overload, has to rank in order of importance, allowing for limited resources. Recent research has shown some images are more naturally memorable than others. To understand how this memorability of an image, along with a few simpler visual features such as scene size and disorder, might relate to our subjective sense of time, Wiener and his colleagues conducted related experiments, in which subjects were shown images with varying durations and were asked to categorize whether the length of time on the screen was either “short” or “long”. The next day they were given a surprise memory test to see which images they recalled seeing. The researchers found larger scene sizes seemed to extend time while more disorderly scenes seemed to contract it. Besides, the subjects perceived more memorable images remained on the screen longer, even if they were all presented for the same amount of time. To find the underlying factor, the team fed the same memorability-ranked images to a neural (神经的) network modeled after the brain’s visual system and found more memorable images were processed faster. The explanation for why our brain’s faster processing would slow time is that it’s increasing the amount of information it can take in at once. Limited resources to process information may act as a sort of bottleneck, which the brain can widen when it needs to absorb more information, thus dilating time. 12. What does the saying “A watched pot never boils” describe? A. The unnoticed passage of time B. The feeling that time hangs heavy. C. The hardship of preparing cuisine. D. The perception that time is confusing. 13. How does the brain’s visual system handle information? A. By setting priorities. B. By comparing similar scenes. C. By sorting randomly. D. By screening out complex images. 14. Which of the images seems to last longest if shown on the screen for an equal duration based on the study? A. B. C. D. 15. What does the underlined word “dilating” in the last paragraph mean? A. Using up. B. Cutting down. C. Stretching out. D. Clearing away. 4、 七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 passage 5 【新情境・人际关系心理科普】（2025滨州一模） All friendships, regardless of how long they enter our lives, serve a purpose. ____16____ We typically assume break-up shouldn’t hurt as much as a romantic break-up, but it does. Much like with romantic relationships, we often attach illusions to our friendships, and when they end, it’s the bursting of the illusion that can hurt the most. It’s not nice to think about, but there comes a point in every person’s life where they outgrow someone they were previously close with. ____17____ At first, different life directions mean you stop hanging out as much; then they’re no longer the first person you go to with news; and before you know it your contact grows decreased, revolving primarily around birthdays or Christmas. This natural shift doesn’t mean failure. ____18____ Our relationships merely outgrow the period they were formed in: childhood friends may no longer fit into or have anything in common, making it hard to relate to one another — and that is perfectly OK. As painful as it may be to distance yourself from someone you once cherished, holding on usually becomes harder than letting go. If you don’t feel good when you’re together, then it’s likely time for things to come to a close. ____19____ If you would like to stop a friendship from being outgrown, you need to start making a concerted effort to consciously cultivate the bond you have. You can start by telling your friend how you are feeling and that you would like to work on mending the relationship. ____20____ A. It often happens slowly. B. Therefore, friendships require cultivating. C. However, it doesn’t mean saying goodbye forever. D. It is simply a normal part of growing and changing. E. Instead of expectations, focus on making agreements. F. As is the case in all relationships, communication is key. G. So it’s natural for us to feel painful when friendships do end. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 虚拟语气 目 录 真题感知 1 强化演练 7 拔高预测 13 真题感知 1.（2026·新高考I卷·高考真题）If we ________ (attach) more importance to traditional culture inheritance in the past, more traditional skills would have been well preserved. 【答案】had attached 【解析】考查虚拟语气（对过去事实虚拟）。句意：如果我们过去更加重视传统文化传承，更多传统技艺就能得到妥善保护。根据主句would have been preserved可知，本句为对过去事实的虚拟，从句谓语用had done形式。故填had attached。 【解题方法】 （1）虚拟语气时间轴判定核心 ① 主句出现would/could/should/might + have done → 从句对过去虚拟，从句用had done； ② 主句出现would/could/should/might + do → 从句对现在/将来虚拟。 （2）if虚拟条件句固定公式 过去虚拟：If + 主语 + had done，主语 + would have done； 现在虚拟：If + 主语 + did/were，主语 + would do； 将来虚拟：If + 主语 + did/should do/were to do，主语 + would do。 （3）易错易混速记 切勿混淆主从句时态搭配，过去虚拟必须从句用had done、主句用have done结构。 2.（2025·新高考II卷·高考真题）If I ________ (be) free next weekend, I would take part in the traditional culture volunteer activity. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气（对将来事实虚拟）。句意：如果我下周末有空，我就会参加传统文化志愿活动。本句为对将来情况的虚拟，if从句谓语用did形式；虚拟语气中be动词统一用were，不受人称限制。故填were。 【解题方法】 （1）将来虚拟三种句式 if从句可采用did / should do / were to do三种形式，均可表示与将来事实相反的假设。 （2）固定特例记忆 虚拟语气中，无论主语是第几人称，be动词一律用were，无was用法。 （3）易错警示 不要根据主语单复数使用was，这是虚拟语气最高频易错点。 3.（2025·北京卷·高考真题）The doctor suggested that the teenager ________ (reduce) screen time to protect eyesight. 【答案】(should) reduce 【解析】考查虚拟语气（建议类动词宾语从句）。句意：医生建议青少年减少屏幕时长以保护视力。suggest表“建议”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语固定为(should) + 动词原形，should可省略。故填(should) reduce。 【解题方法】 （1）命令建议请求类动词速记 suggest、advise、propose、order、command、demand、require、request等动词，后接宾语从句一律用(should) do。 （2）易错点区分 suggest表“暗示、表明”时，不用虚拟语气，根据时态正常变形。 （3）方法速记 一坚持(insist)二命令(order/command)三建议(suggest/advise/propose)四要求(demand/require/request/ask)，从句虚拟用原形。 4.（2024·新高考I卷·高考真题）It is high time that we ________ (pay) attention to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. 【答案】paid/should pay 【解析】考查虚拟语气（固定句型）。句意：是时候我们重视非物质文化遗产保护了。It is high time that...为虚拟语气固定句型，从句谓语用过去式/should + 动词原形，should不可省略。故填paid/should pay。 【解题方法】 （1）高频固定句型规则 It is (high/about) time that... 从句虚拟，谓语用过去式或should do，无原形用法。 （2）易错易混 该句型不属于真实时态，不能直接用动词原形，是高考语法填空高频考点。 （3）方法总结 看到It is high time，立刻锁定从句用虚拟过去式。 5.（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）Without your help, we ________ (complete) the traditional culture research project successfully last month. 【答案】couldn’t have completed 【解析】考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：如果没有你的帮助，我们上个月无法顺利完成这个传统文化调研项目。Without引导含蓄虚拟条件，last month提示对过去事实虚拟，主句用would/could/should/might + have done；结合句意表“无法完成”，故填couldn’t have completed。 【解题方法】 （1）含蓄虚拟标志词 without、but for、otherwise、or 均可替代if引导虚拟条件。 （2）时态判定 有过去时间状语→对过去虚拟，用have done；无时间状语多为对现在/将来虚拟，用do。 （3）易错警示 含蓄虚拟无if引导，极易被忽略，需通过语境和时间状语判定虚拟。 6.（2024·浙江卷·高考真题）I wish I ________ (take) the teacher’s advice on traditional skill learning last year. 【答案】had taken 【解析】考查wish宾语从句虚拟语气。句意：我真希望去年我听从了老师关于传统技艺学习的建议。wish后从句表示对过去事实的遗憾、虚拟，时间状语last year提示对过去虚拟，从句用had done。故填had taken。 【解题方法】 （1）wish虚拟三时态规则 对现在虚拟：wish + 主语 + did/were； 对过去虚拟：wish + 主语 + had done； 对将来虚拟：wish + 主语 + would/could do。 （2）解题关键 根据句中时间状语，精准判定虚拟时间，匹配对应句式。 （3）易错点 wish从句一律虚拟，不使用真实时态，切忌正常变形。 强化演练 一、单句语法填空 考点01 if引导虚拟条件句（现在/过去/将来虚拟） 1.【新情境·非遗技艺传承】（2026济南二模）If more young people ________ (devote) themselves to intangible cultural heritage inheritance now, traditional crafts would not fade away. 【答案】devoted/were 【解析】考查if对现在虚拟。句意：如果现在有更多年轻人投身非遗传承，传统技艺就不会渐渐消逝。主句would not fade提示对现在事实相反的虚拟，if从句谓语用一般过去式。故填devoted/were。 2.【新情境·古建筑保护】（2026青岛期末）If people ________ (take) effective protection measures earlier, many ancient buildings would have survived completely. 【答案】had taken 【解析】考查if对过去虚拟。句意：如果人们早些采取有效的保护措施，许多古建筑就能完整留存下来。主句would have survived为过去虚拟结构，从句用had done。故填had taken。 3.【新情境·国风文化推广】（2026烟台月考）If we ________ (promote) Chinese traditional culture tomorrow, more teenagers would know about its unique charm. 【答案】promoted/should promote/were to promote 【解析】考查if对将来虚拟。句意：如果我们明天推广中国传统文化，更多青少年将会了解它独特的魅力。对将来事实虚拟，if从句可填did/should do/were to do三种形式。故填promoted/should promote/were to promote。 4.【新情境·传统节日弘扬】（2025潍坊期中）If every teenager ________ (value) traditional festivals, our traditional culture would be better inherited. 【答案】valued 【解析】考查if对现在虚拟。句意：如果每一位青少年都重视传统节日，我们的传统文化会得到更好的传承。主句为would do结构，表与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去式。故填valued。 考点02 虚拟条件句倒装（高频难点） 1.【新情境·传统戏曲创新】（2026淄博模拟）________ (Should/Had/Were) traditional operas combine with modern fashion, they would attract more young audiences. 【答案】Should 【解析】考查虚拟条件句倒装。句意：如果传统戏曲与现代时尚相结合，将会吸引更多年轻观众。本句为对将来虚拟，省略if，将should提前倒装。故填Should。 2.【新情境·古籍修复保护】（2026德州二模）________ (Had/Were/Should) we protected ancient books well in the past, fewer precious materials would have been lost. 【答案】Had 【解析】考查虚拟条件句倒装。句意：如果我们过去妥善保护古籍，就不会流失这么多珍贵资料。主句would have been lost提示过去虚拟，省略if，had提前倒装。故填Had。 3.【新情境·传统手工艺传播】（2025泰安期末）________ (Were/Should/Had) I a traditional craft inheritor, I would spread the craft to more teenagers. 【答案】Were 【解析】考查虚拟倒装。句意：如果我是一名传统手工艺传承人，我会将这项技艺传播给更多青少年。对现在虚拟，主语后为be动词，省略if将were提前倒装。故填Were。 4.【新情境·民俗文化传承】（2026聊城月考）________ (Had/Should/Were) local villagers pay more attention to folk culture inheritance, the local customs would be well preserved. 【答案】Should 【解析】考查将来虚拟倒装。句意：如果当地村民更加重视民俗文化传承，当地风俗就能得到良好保护。对将来虚拟，if省略should提前。故填Should。 考点03 命令/建议/请求类虚拟语气 1.【新情境·校园美育建设】（2026济宁模拟）The teacher recommended that students ________ (take) part in traditional art courses actively. 【答案】(should) take 【解析】考查建议类动词虚拟。句意：老师建议学生积极参与传统艺术课程。recommend表“建议”，宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语为(should) do。故填(should) take。 2.【新情境·文化保护工作】（2026滨州期末）The experts demanded that effective measures ________ (adopt) to protect ancient cultural relics. 【答案】(should) be adopted 【解析】考查请求要求类虚拟+被动。句意：专家要求采取有效措施保护古文物。demand后从句用(should) do虚拟；measures与adopt为被动关系，故填(should) be adopted。 3.【新情境·非遗推广工作】（2025东营月考）The school insisted that every student ________ (learn) at least one traditional craft. 【答案】(should) learn 【解析】考查insist虚拟用法。句意：学校坚持要求每位学生至少学习一门传统技艺。insist表“坚决要求”时，从句用(should) do虚拟。故填(should) learn。 4.【新情境·传统文化研学】（2026枣庄模拟）The advisor proposed that we ________ (organize) more traditional culture study tours. 【答案】(should) organize 【解析】考查propose虚拟用法。句意：指导老师提议我们多组织传统文化研学活动。propose表“提议、建议”，宾语从句用(should) do虚拟。故填(should) organize。 考点04 wish/if only/as if 虚拟语气 1.【新情境·传统书法学习】（2026潍坊二模）I wish I ________ (stick) to practicing calligraphy when I was a child. 【答案】had stuck 【解析】考查wish对过去虚拟。句意：我真希望小时候能坚持练习书法。when I was a child提示对过去事实遗憾虚拟，从句用had done。故填had stuck。 2.【新情境·民俗文化体验】（2025临沂期末）The little girl talks about folk customs as if she ________ (be) a local inheritor for years. 【答案】were/had been 【解析】考查as if虚拟语气。句意：这个小女孩谈论民俗文化的样子，仿佛她已是多年的本土传承人。as if引导方式状语从句，与事实不符用虚拟，对现在虚拟用were，对过去虚拟用had been均可。故填were/had been。 3.【新情境·传统技艺传承】（2026菏泽月考）If only we ________ (pay) enough attention to traditional craft inheritance before! 【答案】had paid 【解析】考查if only虚拟语气。句意：我们之前要是足够重视传统技艺传承就好了！if only表“要是……就好了”，对过去遗憾虚拟，用had done。故填had paid。 4.【新情境·国风文创创作】（2026威海二模）I wish I ________ (create) more original Chinese-style cultural works in the future. 【答案】would/could create 【解析】考查wish对将来虚拟。句意：我希望未来能创作更多原创国风文创作品。对将来美好期许的虚拟，从句用would/could do。故填would/could create。 考点05 固定句型及含蓄虚拟语气 1.【新情境·文化自信培养】（2025济宁期末）It is high time that teenagers ________ (attach) great importance to traditional culture learning. 【答案】attached/should attach 【解析】考查虚拟固定句型。句意：青少年是时候重视传统文化学习了。It is high time that...从句虚拟，谓语用过去式或should do。故填attached/should attach。 2.【新情境·古村落保护】（2026东营二模）But for the local protection policy, these ancient villages ________ (disappear) long ago. 【答案】would have disappeared 【解析】考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：倘若没有当地的保护政策，这些古村落早就消失了。but for引导含蓄虚拟，long ago提示对过去虚拟，主句用would have done。故填would have disappeared。 3.【新情境·传统艺术普及】（2026泰安二模）We should have popularized traditional art earlier. Otherwise, its charm ________ (be) unknown to many young people. 【答案】would be 【解析】考查otherwise含蓄虚拟。句意：我们本该更早普及传统艺术，否则它的魅力会不被许多年轻人知晓。otherwise暗示与现在事实相反，主句用would do。故填would be。 4.【新情境·非遗文化传播】（2025淄博期末）It is necessary that every student ________ (master) basic traditional cultural knowledge. 【答案】(should) master 【解析】考查名词性从句虚拟。句意：每位学生掌握基础传统文化知识是十分必要的。It is + 形容词(necessary/important) + that从句，谓语用(should) do虚拟。故填(should) master。 2、 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境・国民体重管理公共卫生时政科普】（2026 济宁二模） The recent announcement by China’s National Health Commission (NHC) ____36____ it would promote a three-year “weight management” campaign has fueled nationwide enthusiasm. This campaign moves beyond traditional policy approaches ____37____ combining nationwide cooperation with community-level engagement. Over past years, China has witnessed an upward trend in the disease rate of its overweight and obese population. Obesity (肥胖) has become a major public health issue in China, ranking as the ____38____ (five) leading risk factor for death and disability in the country. What ____39____ (set) this campaign apart is its comprehensive strategy, excelling through cross-sector cooperation. Sixteen government agencies ____40____ (joint) work to address obesity’s complex challenges, creating targeted plans for different age groups and life phases. ____41____ (advance) the mission, the NHC crafted the “Nutrition & Exercise Guide”, which has gone viral for its localized eating advice that harmonizes cultural food traditions with science-backed ____42____ (well) principles. Acknowledging obesity’s physical and emotional impacts, the campaign provides personalized health blueprints ____43____ (feature) meal schedules and workout routines. Furthermore, specialized teams composed of dietitians, traditional medicine experts, and fitness trainers create personalized support networks, monitoring daily progress via health apps, transforming health awareness into ____44____ engaging daily habit. It’s hoped that strong centralized leadership ____45____ (pair) with local engagement can effectively address obesity. 【答案】36 that 37. by 38. fifth 39. sets 40. jointly 41. To advance 42. wellness 43. featuring 44. an 45. paired 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了中国国家卫生健康委员会（NHC）最近宣布将开展一项为期三年的“体重管理”运动，这激起了全国人民的热情。解释了这一做法背后的原因以及活动安排。 【36题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：中国国家卫生健康委员会（NHC）最近宣布将开展一项为期三年的“体重管理”运动，这激起了全国人民的热情。该空引导同位语从句说明抽象名词announcement的具体内容，从句不缺少成分或句意，故用that引导。故填that。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：这一运动超越了传统的政策方法，通过将全国合作与社区参与相结合。此处表示方式，意为“通过”用介词by，by doing sth. (通过做某事)。故填by。 【38题详解】 考查数词。句意：肥胖已成为中国一个重大的公共卫生问题，是导致中国死亡和残疾的第五大风险因素。根据上文定冠词以及句意“第五”可知用序数词fifth。故填fifth。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：这一运动的独特之处在于其全面的战略，通过跨部门合作取得了突出成就。根据主句系动词is可知为一般现在时，从句主语为What，从句谓语动词set用三单形式。故填sets。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：16个政府机构共同致力于解决肥胖的复杂挑战，为不同年龄组和生命阶段制定有针对性的计划。修饰动词work用副词jointly作状语。故填jointly。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了推进这一使命，国家卫生健康中心制定了“营养与运动指南”，该指南因其本地化的饮食建议而走红，该建议将文化饮食传统与科学支持的健康原则相协调。此处advance作目的状语，用不定式，首字母大写。故填To advance。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了推进这一使命，国家卫生健康中心制定了“营养与运动指南”，该指南因其本地化的饮食建议而走红，该建议将文化饮食传统与科学支持的健康原则相协调。修饰名词principles，表示“健康”用名词wellness，作定语。故填wellness。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑到肥胖对身体和情绪的影响，该活动提供了个性化的健康蓝图，包括饮食计划和锻炼计划。此处blueprints与feature为逻辑主动关系，feature用现在分词作定语。故填featuring。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：此外，由营养师、传统医学专家和健身教练组成的专业团队创建了个性化的支持网络，通过健康应用程序监控每天的进展，将健康意识转化为一种吸引人的日常习惯。此处habit为泛指，且engaging是发音以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们希望强有力的中央领导和地方参与能够有效地解决肥胖问题。此处pair与leadership构成逻辑被动关系，pair用过去分词作定语。故填paired。 Passage 2 【新情境・三十六计之围魏救赵】（2026・湖南常德・二模） “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” belongs to Thirty-Six Strategies, a collection of ancient Chinese military wisdom. The strategy’s origin lies in a Warring States event, 1. ________ (involve) the kingdoms of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao 2. ________ (face) a deadly attack from Wei, the state of Qi adopted this clever plan: launch an attack on Wei’s capital, 3. ________ (force) Wei troops to retreat home to defend their own land. The core logic creates a situation 4. ________ the enemy must make a tough choice, often giving up their offensive5. ________ (deal) with a more urgent domestic crisis. It combines surprise attacks 6. ________ psychological pressure on opponents. By shifting fighting areas to weak spots, the strategy avoids direct fierce battles and gains advantages without heavy losses. Today, its ideas 7. ________ (adapt) to business, sports and daily communication. In commercial competition, companies use this strategy to attack competitors’ weak markets, pushing them into a strategic 8. ________ (withdraw). Sports teams also take advantage of rivals’ defensive mistakes to win 9. ________ (compete) edges. This ancient strategy still has great value 10. ________ modern society. 答案1. involving 2. was facing 3. forcing 4. where 5. to deal 6.with 7. have been adapted 8. withdrawal 9. competitive 10. in 解析 1. involving 现在分词作后置定语：事件包含魏赵两国，主动关系用 doing。 2. was facing 过去进行时：当赵国正遭遇魏国进攻时，描述过去正在发生的动作。 3. forcing 现在分词作结果状语：攻打魏国都城，顺势迫使敌军撤军，自然结果用 doing。 4. where 定语从句关系副词：先行词 situation 抽象地点，从句完整不缺主宾，用 where 作地点状语。 5. to deal 不定式表目的：放弃进攻，目的是处理国内危机。 6. with 固定搭配：combine A with B 将 A 与 B 结合。 7. have been adapted 现在完成时被动：如今该谋略 “已经被应用” 到多领域，主语 ideas 与 adapt 被动关系。 8. withdrawal 词性转换：形容词 strategic 后接名词，withdraw 动词→withdrawal 名词 “撤退”。 9. competitive 形容词修饰名词：修饰名词 edges，compete 动词→competitive 形容词 “竞争的”。 10. in 介词：in modern society 在现代社会。 3、 阅读理解 passage 3 【新情境・环保主题纪实摄影人文记叙文】（2026 济宁二模） During my early years, I focused on eye-catching landscape photography. I spent time in the Himalayas, Patagonia and Tasmania and returned with pictures of breathtaking beauty which I thought were “awesome”. But a one-month camping trip to the Menindee lakes along Darling-Baaka in Australia shifted my perspective; Photography is more than taking photos. As I became increasingly familiar with the place, I learned that human activities led to widespread deforestation and drought in the area, resulting in many dead trees. Driving across the region, I recalled that Sydney was blanketed by smoke for months on end as bushfires swept through the east coast. Fortunately, the La Niña weather cycle reached Australia, increasing rainfall and causing the continent’s short-lived rivers to spring back to life. Yet, the image of bushfires stayed with me, and I felt driven to do something. That was when the photo Blaze came into being. I spoke to the local authority, explaining that I hoped to create a “burning” tree as a beacon (灯塔) to draw people’s attention to deforestation. They showed great interest because fire is an integral part of the Australian farming and the natives. I connected a few of the gas canisters (罐) generally used for barbecues to flexible gas lines called “slinkies”, which could be wired up the back of the tree, away from the tree and out of sight of the public. These produced an outline of flames (火焰) when I lit them, as if the tree were on fire. It was lit for 15 seconds while I got the shot, and fire-fighting equipment was prepared. Even though the tree was dead, it was still a vital habitat. But the gas flames did no damage and the insects that lived inside were unharmed. I love that when people look at the photo, they can concretize the delicacy of our natural world while appreciating Blaze. 4. What is the author’s new perception of photography? A. It involves professional skills. B. It should carry deep meanings. C. It requires high-end equipment. D. It should produce beautiful pictures. 5. What inspired the author to create Blaze? A. Local environmental changes. B. Traditional Australian farming. C. Scenery of the Menindee lakes. D. Support from the local authority. 6. Which of the following images best illustrates the photo Blaze? A. B. C. D. 7. What is the photo Blaze intended to be? A. A means of enhancing artistic taste. B. A strategy to beautify the landscape. C. A call to raise public awareness. D. A window to showcase local culture. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者受到气候变化启发，创作了摄影作品来激发人们提高环保意识。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But a one-month camping trip to the Menindee lakes along Darling-Baaka in Australia shifted my perspective; Photography is more than taking photos.(但是，在澳大利亚达林-巴卡（Darling-Baaka）沿岸的Menindee湖露营了一个月，改变了我的观点；摄影不仅仅是拍照)”以及第二段“Yet, the image of bushfires stayed with me, and I felt driven to do something. That was when the photo Blaze came into being.(然而，森林大火的画面一直萦绕在我的脑海里，我觉得有必要做点什么。就在那时，火焰照片应运而生)”可知，作者对摄影的新认识是它应该有深刻的含义，而不仅仅是拍照。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“As I became increasingly familiar with the place, I learned that human activities led to widespread deforestation and drought in the area, resulting in many dead trees. Driving across the region, I recalled that Sydney was blanketed by smoke for months on end as bushfires swept through the east coast.(随着我对这个地方越来越熟悉，我了解到人类活动导致该地区大面积砍伐森林和干旱，导致许多树木死亡。驾车穿越该地区时，我回忆起当森林大火席卷东海岸时，悉尼连续几个月被烟雾笼罩)”可知，当地环境变化激发了作者创作Blaze。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I connected a few of the gas canisters (罐) generally used for barbecues to flexible gas lines called “slinkies”, which could be wired up the back of the tree, away from the tree and out of sight of the public. These produced an outline of flames (火焰) when I lit them, as if the tree were on fire. It was lit for 15 seconds while I got the shot, and fire-fighting equipment was prepared.(我把一些通常用于烧烤的煤气罐连接到被称为“弹簧”的柔性天然气管道上，这种管道可以连接在树的后面，远离树，远离公众的视线。当我点燃它们的时候，它们产生了一个火焰的轮廓，就好像那棵树着火了。当我拍摄时，它被点燃了15秒，消防设备也准备好了)”可知，D选项最能说明火焰照片。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“As I became increasingly familiar with the place, I learned that human activities led to widespread deforestation and drought in the area, resulting in many dead trees.(随着我对这个地方越来越熟悉，我了解到人类活动导致该地区大面积砍伐森林和干旱，导致许多树木死亡)”“Yet, the image of bushfires stayed with me, and I felt driven to do something. That was when the photo Blaze came into being.(然而，森林大火的画面一直萦绕在我的脑海里，我觉得有必要做点什么。就在那时，火焰照片应运而生)”和第三段“I spoke to the local authority, explaining that I hoped to create a “burning” tree as a beacon (灯塔) to draw people’s attention to deforestation.(我与当地政府进行了交谈，解释说我希望创造一棵“燃烧”的树作为灯塔，以引起人们对森林砍伐的关注)”可知，火焰的照片是呼吁提高公众意识。故选C。 passage4 【新情境・工业高盐废水透析技术理工科普】（2026 济宁二模） Numerous industries produce larger quantities of wastewaters containing high concentrations of organic substances and inorganic salts. Discharging these wastewaters to the environment is harmful to ecosystem and human health. However, the high salt content in these wastewaters pose serious challenges for existing treatment processes. Researchers at Rice University, in partnership with Guangdong University of Technology, have developed a groundbreaking method for it — adopting dialysis (透析) technology commonly used in medicine. The researchers selected commercial ultrafiltration membranes (超滤膜) which were designed to let salt pass through while trapping organic substances. They set up a system where salty wastewater and fresh water flowed in opposite directions on either side of a special membrane, without needing pumps. Due to the difference of salt concentrations between waste water and fresh water, salt naturally moves into the fresh water while organic substances are kept back. To test this, they compared the amount of organic material and salt in the waste water before and after treatment. The results showed the system could effectively remove salt without using extra amounts of fresh water. One significant advantage of dialysis is its resistance to fouling (积垢). Unlike pressure-driven systems, dialysis experienced notably less buildup of organic materials on the membrane because it doesn’t rely on extra pressure. “This could translate to lower energy consumption, less maintenance, and fewer membrane replacements,” said Elimelech, a researcher on the study. Additionally, with suitable membranes, dialysis can be tailored to separate various organics, enabling the selective recovery of valuable resources from the wastewater. In this way, dialysis creates opportunities for transforming wastewater treatment plants into resource recovery factories, aligning the principles of a recycling economy. Overall, while dialysis alone doesn’t fully purify wastewater, it can transform the high-salinity organic wastewater stream into a low-salinity organic wastewater stream that can be readily treated by conventional methods, which revolutionizes the treatment of some of the most challenging industrial wastewaters. 8. What is the major challenge faced by current wastewater treatment? A. The lack of sufficient treatment devices. B. The high salt percentage in wastewaters. C. The substantial volumes of wastewaters. D. The considerable cost of treatment processes. 9. What can be learned about the process of dialysing wastewaters? A. The membrane transformed salt into organics. B. The extra pressure contributed to salt transport. C. The concentration difference played the key role. D. Liquids on both sides flowed in the same direction. 10. What does the underlined word “aligning” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Matching. B. Establishing. C. Adjusting. D. Challenging. 11. Which of the following can be a suitable title? A. Dialysis: A Pioneering Blessing for Medicine B. Membranes: A Protective Screen for Fresh Water C Dialysis: A New Pathway for Wastewater Treatment D. High-Salinity Wastewater: A Threat to the Environment. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了莱斯大学和广东工业大学的研究人员合作开发了一种开创性的处理高盐有机废水的方法 —— 采用医学上常用的透析技术，阐述了该方法的原理、优势以及对废水处理的重要意义。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, the high salt content in these wastewaters pose serious challenges for existing treatment processes. (然而，这些废水中的高盐含量给现有的处理工艺带来了严重的挑战。)” 可知，当前废水处理面临的主要挑战是废水中的高盐含量。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“They set up a system where salty wastewater and fresh water flowed in opposite directions on either side of a special membrane, without needing pumps. Due to the difference of salt concentrations between waste water and fresh water, salt naturally moves into the fresh water while organic substances are kept back. (他们建立了一个系统，在这个系统中，含盐废水和淡水在一个特殊的膜的两侧以相反的方向流动，不需要泵。由于废水和淡水之间盐浓度的差异，盐自然地移动到淡水中，而有机物则被保留下来。)” 可知，在处理废水的透析过程中，浓度差起到了关键作用。故选C。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段 “Additionally, with suitable membranes, dialysis can be tailored to separate various organics, enabling the selective recovery of valuable resources from the wastewater. In this way, dialysis creates opportunities for transforming wastewater treatment plants into resource recovery factories, aligning the principles of a recycling economy. (此外，使用合适的膜，透析可以定制以分离各种有机物，能够从废水中选择性地回收有价值的资源。通过这种方式，透析为将废水处理厂转变为资源回收工厂创造了机会，与循环经济的原则aligning。)” 可知，透析为将废水处理厂转变为资源回收工厂创造了机会，这与循环经济的原则是一致的，所以“aligning” 意思最接近 “Matching（匹配，相一致）”。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers at Rice University, in partnership with Guangdong University of Technology, have developed a groundbreaking method for it — adopting dialysis (透析) technology commonly used in medicine. (莱斯大学的研究人员与广东工业大学合作，开发了一种开创性的方法 —— 采用医学上常用的透析。)” 以及后文对该方法的介绍可知，本文主要讲的是透析技术为废水处理提供了一条新途径。所以最佳标题为“透析：污水处理的新途径”。故选C。 4、 七选五、 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Passage 5 【新情境・居家植物标本制作实操说明文】（2026 济宁二模） Creating your own plant specimens (标本) is a fun, simple project that anyone can do at home. It involves collecting plant specimens, pressing them and labeling them. ____16____ Just keep an eye out wherever you go and look for your eye-catching plants. Labeling them is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to show you how to press the specimens. Construct a homemade plant press. ____17____ Then cover it with a piece of corrugated (起皱的) card, followed by 2 sheets of absorbent paper. This will serve as the bottom half of your press. Have a second board and more cards and absorbent paper on standby for when you’re ready to put the top half. Arrange your specimens on the bottom half of your press. Lay out each cutting which you’ve cleaned beforehand in such a way that it looks as attractive as possible. ____18____ If possible, stretch smaller specimens out to their full length so that they dry perfectly flat. Leave 1 — 2 inches of space between each specimen to keep them from sticking together. ____19____ Once you’re satisfied with the layout of your plants, sandwich them with another layer of absorbent paper, corrugated card, and hardboard. Pile bricks, large books, or similar items evenly across the upper board to weigh it down and press the cuttings flat. Continue drying and pressing your specimens. ____20____ Depending on the size and type of the plants you’re preserving, it may take them anywhere from a couple of days to 3 full weeks to dry completely. A. Collecting plant specimens is very simple. B. Describe any outstanding features you notice. C. Start by selecting the materials you may need. D. Place one hardboard flat against a level surface. E. The duration of this process varies considerably. F. Close the press and set heavy objects on top to create pressure. G. Meanwhile, ensure each of its main features can be seen clearly. 【答案】16. A 17. D 18. G 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何制作植物标本。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Creating your own plant specimens (标本) is a fun, simple project that anyone can do at home. It involves collecting plant specimens, pressing them and labeling them.(创建自己的植物标本是一个有趣、简单的项目，任何人都可以在家里做。它包括收集植物标本，压制它们并给它们贴上标签)”可知本句应承接上文总结收集植物标本难易程度，结合后文“Just keep an eye out wherever you go and look for your eye-catching plants. (无论你走到哪里，都要留心寻找那些吸引眼球的植物)”可知收集标本不困难，上下文强调收集标本的简单性，故A选项“收集植物标本很简单。”符合语境，故选A。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Construct a homemade plant press.(自制植物压机)”可知，本句具体说明如何制作植物压机，故D选项“将一块硬纸板平放在一个水平的表面上。”符合语境，故选D。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Arrange your specimens on the bottom half of your press. Lay out each cutting which you’ve cleaned beforehand in such a way that it looks as attractive as possible.(把你的标本放在压机的下半部分。把你事先清理过的每一个切口都摆放好，让它看起来尽可能有吸引力)”以及后文“If possible, stretch smaller specimens out to their full length so that they dry perfectly flat. Leave 1 — 2 inches of space between each specimen to keep them from sticking together.(如果可能的话，把较小的标本伸展到它们的全长，这样它们就完全变平了。在每个标本之间留出1到2英寸的空间，以防止它们粘在一起)”可知，上文提到展示标本特征，本句主要说明制作植物标本时与展示标本特征的相关内容。故G选项“同时，确保每一个主要特征都能被清楚地看到。”符合语境，故选G。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Once you’re satisfied with the layout of your plants, sandwich them with another layer of absorbent paper, corrugated card, and hardboard. Pile bricks, large books, or similar items evenly across the upper board to weigh it down and press the cuttings flat.(一旦你对你的植物的布局感到满意，用另一层吸收纸、瓦楞纸和硬纸板夹住它们。把砖、大书或类似的东西均匀地堆在上面的木板上，使木板沉下去，把插枝压平)”可知，下文描述给标本的加压步骤，F选项pressure对应后文press。故F选项“关闭压机，并在上面放置重物以产生压力。”符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Continue drying and pressing your specimens.(继续干燥和按压你的标本)”以及后文“Depending on the size and type of the plants you’re preserving, it may take them anywhere from a couple of days to 3 full weeks to dry completely.(根据你保存的植物的大小和类型，它们可能需要几天到三周的时间才能完全干燥)”可知，本段主要说明了按压标本的持续时间长，故E选项“这一过程的持续时间差别很大。”符合语境，故选E。 拔高预测 Passage 1 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 【新情境・非遗文化】（2026肥城一模） Bent over a bright vase of pink peonies (牡丹), a young craftsman guided his painting tool in patient and practiced circles at a factory in Beijing, ____36____ (breathe) new life into China’s cloisonné (掐丝珐琅) tradition. The art, dating from the Yuan Dynasty, is ____37____ (quiet) evolving through the hands of young artists who bring fresh ideas to an ancient craft. “Cloisonné has always been about ____38____ (adapt),” said Zhong Liansheng, chief craft artist at the factory. Under his guidance, well-designed ____39____ (symbol) and fine craftsmanship have helped cloisonné bridge traditional and modern styles. In recent years, cloisonné pieces have been chosen as national gifts at major diplomatic (外交) events. It reflects both artistic excellence and ____40____ (culture) confidence. The craft’s rising appeal is part of a broader rejuvenation of traditional skills across China, ____41____ has been promoted by national policy. This includes guidelines that ____42____ (issue) in 2017, calling for the preservation of heritage and the integration of traditional culture into daily life. Fueled by government support that enables a new generation ____43____ (explore) living heritage, traditional crafts are entering a new stage of prosperity. The impact is visible nationwide: more than 11,000 workshops have been established, safeguarding traditional crafts while also creating jobs ____44____ strengthening local communities. As of March this year, the number of national-level heritage guardians had amounted ____45____ nearly 4,000. 【答案】36. breathing 37. quietly 38. adaptation##adaption 39. symbols 40. cultural 41. which 42. were issued 43. to explore 44. and 45. to 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国掐丝珐琅传统工艺的发展情况，包括其传承、创新、受政策推动以及产生的积极影响等。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在北京一家工厂里，一位年轻工匠俯身对着一瓶鲜艳的粉色牡丹，手持绘具耐心而娴熟地勾勒着圆圈，为中国的掐丝珐琅传统注入新的活力。句子已有谓语guided，空处作状语，主语“a young craftsman”与“breathe”之间是主动关系，需用现在分词“breathing”作伴随状语。故填breathing。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：这项始于元代的艺术，正经由年轻艺术家之手悄然演变，他们为这门古老工艺带来了全新理念。此处需用副词作状语，修饰动词“evolving”，表示“悄然地”；“quiet”是形容词，其副词形式为“quietly”。故填quietly。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：该厂首席工艺师钟连盛表示：“掐丝珐琅的精髓在于不断适应变化。”介词“about”后需接名词作宾语，“adapt”是动词，其名词形式为“adaptation”或“adaption”，均表示“适应”。故填adaptation/adaption。 39题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：在他的指导下，设计精良的图案与精湛的工艺助力掐丝珐琅实现了传统与现代风格的融合。“symbol”是可数名词，此处指多种设计精良的图案，需用复数形式“symbols”。故填symbols。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这既体现了卓越的艺术水准，也彰显了文化自信。此处需用形容词作定语，修饰名词“confidence”，表示“文化的”，“culture”是名词，其形容词形式为“cultural”。故填cultural。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这门工艺吸引力的提升，是中国传统技艺全面复兴的一个缩影，而这场复兴是由国家政策推动的。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“a broader rejuvenation of traditional skills”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用“which”引导。故填which。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态与语态。句意：这其中就包括2017年出台的指导方针，该方针呼吁保护文化遗产，并推动传统文化融入日常生活。此处为定语从句的谓语部分，根据时间状语“in 2017”可知，句子需用一般过去时，“guidelines”与“issue”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态“were issued”。故填were issued。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在政府支持的推动下，新一代人得以探索这些活态文化遗产，传统工艺正迈入繁荣发展的新阶段。此处是固定搭配“enable sb. to do sth.”，意为“使某人能够做某事”，需用动词不定式“to explore”作宾语补足语。故填to explore。 【44题详解】 考查连词。句意：这一影响在全国范围内有目共睹：各地已建成逾1.1万家工坊，在保护传统工艺同时，也创造了就业机会，助力当地社区发展。“creating jobs”与“strengthening local communities”为并列关系，需用连词“and”连接。故填and。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：截至今年3月，国家级非遗传承人数量已达近4000人。此处是固定搭配“amount to”，意为“总计达到”，需用介词“to”。故填to。 Passage 2 2、 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 【新情境・亲情温情记叙文】（2025滨州一模） When I was young, I asked my parents what was wrong with Uncle George. They said nothing was ‌“wrong” with him exactly, but that he was ____21____ disabled. Anyway, my uncle and I have always shared a special ____22____. Back in the day, George would ____23____ ask for my cellphone number and write it down. He’d call a bunch of times and then abruptly stop — because he had ____24____ the piece of paper with my ____25____ on it. He calls me 10 times a day, 365 days a year. Though I love him quite a bit, I just ____26____ two of those phone calls a day. We often play role-playing games. In one, he’s a commander in the army, and I’m a soldier, reporting my ____27____. In another, we’re both lifeguards, strategizing the ____28____ of a drowning person. We go ____29____ in character for some time. Then finally, he’ll say, ‌“Tommy. I’m just calling to say you’re the best guy I know.” ‌“So are you,” I reply. ‌“The two of us!” No matter what’s going on in the world, these calls are something I can ____30____. During my painful breakups and professional ____31____, that phone call rolls in, allowing me to escape from ____32____ for a bit. George doesn’t understand things at an adult level, so it’s impossible for him to ____33____ whether I’m having a good or bad day. However, he’s able to bring me energy, love and ____34____. I know that even at my worst, I can count on Uncle George, who always ____35____ me I’m the best guy he knows. 21. A. physically B. mentally C. seriously D. basically 22. A. taste B. intention C. hobby D. bond 23. A. repeatedly B. reluctantly C. accidentally D. willingly 24. A. kept B. lost C. stole D. valued 25. A. address B. name C. number D. photo 26. A. answer B. recall C. pay D. ignore 27. A. lesson B. pain C. duty D. order 28. A. profit B. rescue C. result D. struggle 29. A. up and down B. day and night C. here and there D. back and forth 30. A. take on B. rely on C. hold on D. insist on 31. A. standards B. routines C. achievements D. setbacks 32. A. reality B. practice C. assessment D. ambition 33. A. guess B. prove C. appreciate D. comprehend 34. A. acceptance B. generosity C. forgiveness D. patience 35. A. expects B. prays C. tells D. hopes 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与患有精神残疾的乔治叔叔之间的特殊情谊，他们常玩角色扮演游戏，叔叔的电话是作者生活中的依靠。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们说他并没有什么“毛病”，但他有精神上的残疾。A. physically身体上地；B. mentally精神上地；C. seriously严重地；D. basically基本上。根据后文“George doesn’t understand things at an adult level”可知，乔治在理解事情方面有问题，是精神上的残疾。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，我和叔叔一直有一种特殊的情谊。A. taste品味；B. intention意图；C. hobby爱好；D. bond情谊，联系。根据后文讲述作者和叔叔之间的互动，可知他们之间有特殊的情谊。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：过去，乔治会反复问我的手机号码并写下来。A. repeatedly反复地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. accidentally意外地；D. willingly乐意地。根据前文可知，乔治精神上有残疾，在理解事情方面有问题，结合后文“ask for my cellphone number and write it down”可推知，他不能像正常人一样一次就记住作者的电话号码，所以需要反复问并记下来。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会打很多次电话，然后突然不打了——因为他弄丢了写有我号码的那张纸。A. kept保留；B. lost丢失；C. stole偷；D. valued重视。根据前文“and then abruptly stop”可推知，是因为弄丢了号码所以停止打电话。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会打很多次电话，然后突然不打了——因为他弄丢了写有我号码的那张纸。A. address地址；B. name名字；C. number号码；D. photo照片。根据前文“ask for my cellphone number and write it down”可知，是写有号码的纸。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很爱他，但我一天只接他两个电话。A. answer接(电话)；B. recall回忆；C. pay支付；D. ignore忽视。根据前文“He calls me 10 times a day”和后文“two of those phone calls a day”可知，作者一天只接两次电话。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们经常玩角色扮演游戏。有一次，他扮演军队指挥官，我扮演士兵，向他汇报任务。A. lesson课程；B. pain痛苦；C. duty职责，任务；D. order命令。根据前文“In one, he’s a commander in the army, and I’m a soldier”可知，士兵要汇报任务情况。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在另一个游戏里，我们都是救生员，制定营救溺水者的策略。A. profit利润；B. rescue营救；C. result结果；D. struggle奋斗。根据前文“we’re both lifeguards”可知，救生员的工作是营救溺水者。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：我们会在角色中来回转换一段时间。A. up and down上上下下；B. day and night日日夜夜；C. here and there到处；D. back and forth来回，反复。根据前文“We often play role-playing games.”可推知，他们经常玩角色扮演游戏，所以会在这些角色扮演中来回转换。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管世界上发生了什么，这些电话是我可以依靠的东西。A. take on承担；B. rely on依靠；C. hold on坚持；D. insist on坚持认为。根据后文“During my painful breakups and professional 11 , that phone call rolls in, allowing me to escape”和“I know that even at my worst, I can count on Uncle George”可知，在作者遭受挫折时，乔治叔叔的电话是作者可以依靠的慰籍。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我痛苦的分手和职业挫折期间，那个电话来了，让我能暂时逃离现实。A. standards标准；B. routines常规；C. achievements成就；D. setbacks挫折。根据前文“painful breakups”和后文“escape from”可推知，这是作者遭受挫折的时期，无论是情感上还是职业上。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我痛苦的分手和职业挫折期间，那个电话来了，让我能暂时逃离现实。A. reality现实；B. practice实践；C. assessment评估；D. ambition抱负。根据前文“During my painful breakups and professional 11 ”可知，是逃离不愉快的现实。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔治不能以成年人的水平理解事情，所以他不可能理解我过得是好是坏。A. guess猜测；B. prove证明；C. appreciate欣赏；D. comprehend理解。根据前文“George doesn’t understand things at an adult level”可知，他不能理解作者的情况。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他能够给我带来能量、爱和认可。A. acceptance接纳，认可；B. generosity慷慨；C. forgiveness原谅；D. patience耐心。根据前文描述作者和叔叔的相处以及叔叔对作者的态度“Tommy. I’m just calling to say you’re the best guy I know.”可推知，叔叔让作者感受到认可。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道即使在我最糟糕的时候，我也能指望乔治叔叔，他总是告诉我我是他认识的最好的人。A. expects期望；B. prays祈祷；C. tells告诉；D. hopes希望。根据前文“Tommy. I’m just calling to say you’re the best guy I know.”可知，叔叔是告诉作者他是最好的人。故选C项。 3、 阅读理解 Passage 3 【新情境・互联网技术】（2025德州一模） Some of the world’s 7,000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools. A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages. Tochi Precious, a Nigerian, says, “It pains me to see a language dying off, because it’s not just about the language, but about the history and culture associated with it.” It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo, an endangered African language. Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings, and how it is written and used is key, according to campaigners like Precious, who aid others in their languages’ protection through the organisation Wikitongues. Amrit Sufi, an Indian speaking Angika, records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues, too. “It’s urgent to document and make it accessible, not just stored in a library,” she says. “Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry-produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing. They’re ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it, seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.” Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative-language Wikipedia entries. Wikipedia is favoured by language activists as a way to upload media and build effective and affordable dictionaries. There are moves to use artificial intelligence to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots. Many activists create books, videos and recordings. Community radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages. Despite such preservation, activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge. “While Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages, parents believe only English is useful for children’s future, insisting that if they don’t speak English, they appear ignorant and don’t belong,” Precious says. “But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.” 8. How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss? A. Through national programs. B. Through word of mouth. C. Through mass music formats. D. Through Internet technology. 9. What may be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi? A. Decline in population. B. Lack of job-market demands. C. Prejudice against Angika. D. Absence of formal education. 10. What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language? A. Promoting its use. B. Building community cooperation. C. Obtaining financial support. D. Getting advanced recording devices. 11. What is Precious’ attitude towards the Igbo rescue move? A. Skeptical. B. Positive. C. Pessimistic. D. Uncaring. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界上每年都有语言消失，为此有人通过互联网技术来防止语言丧失。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings, and how it is written and used is key, according to campaigners like Precious, who aid others in their languages’ protection through the organisation Wikitongues.(像Precious这样的活动人士通过维基语言组织帮助其他人保护他们的语言，他们表示，确保有大量的单词和含义记录，以及如何书写和使用是关键)”以及第三段“Amrit Sufi, an Indian speaking Angika, records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues, too.(Amrit Sufi，一个说Angika语的印度人，也通过维基语言录制视频并上传，以保存其口头文化)”可知，Precious和Sufi通过互联网技术帮助防止语言丧失。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“They’re ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it, seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.(他们羞于说这句话，因为他们觉得这是一种耻辱，认为安吉卡在主流语言之下)”可知，Sufi认为对安吉卡的偏见导致了安吉卡的衰败。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Despite such preservation, activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge.(尽管有这样的保护，活动人士还必须说服人们使用一种语言——这是一个重大挑战)”可知，对于濒危语言，活动人士面临的最大难题是促进其使用。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.(但拯救它的努力取得了成效——这种语言再次开花结果)”可知，Precious对伊博人的救援行动持积极态度。故选B。 passage 4 【新情境・大脑科学】（2025德州一模） A watched pot never boils, but time has wings when you’re having fun. The familiar saying has a basis in solid science — our sense of time does expand and contract depending on the way we experience the world. Even delicate visual features can affect how we perceive time. New research shows more memorable images seem to last longer. Martin Wiener, head of the research, says the finding helps reveal how the brain’s time-bending strategy allows it to process and remember more information. While what is actually happening in the brain when time seems to expand remains unclear, scientists suspect it may have something to do with helping the brain process more information in limited time. This is especially relevant for the brain’s visual system which, subjected to information overload, has to rank in order of importance, allowing for limited resources. Recent research has shown some images are more naturally memorable than others. To understand how this memorability of an image, along with a few simpler visual features such as scene size and disorder, might relate to our subjective sense of time, Wiener and his colleagues conducted related experiments, in which subjects were shown images with varying durations and were asked to categorize whether the length of time on the screen was either “short” or “long”. The next day they were given a surprise memory test to see which images they recalled seeing. The researchers found larger scene sizes seemed to extend time while more disorderly scenes seemed to contract it. Besides, the subjects perceived more memorable images remained on the screen longer, even if they were all presented for the same amount of time. To find the underlying factor, the team fed the same memorability-ranked images to a neural (神经的) network modeled after the brain’s visual system and found more memorable images were processed faster. The explanation for why our brain’s faster processing would slow time is that it’s increasing the amount of information it can take in at once. Limited resources to process information may act as a sort of bottleneck, which the brain can widen when it needs to absorb more information, thus dilating time. 12. What does the saying “A watched pot never boils” describe? A. The unnoticed passage of time B. The feeling that time hangs heavy. C. The hardship of preparing cuisine. D. The perception that time is confusing. 13. How does the brain’s visual system handle information? A. By setting priorities. B. By comparing similar scenes. C. By sorting randomly. D. By screening out complex images. 14. Which of the images seems to last longest if shown on the screen for an equal duration based on the study? A. B. C. D. 15. What does the underlined word “dilating” in the last paragraph mean? A. Using up. B. Cutting down. C. Stretching out. D. Clearing away. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的研究表明，更令人难忘的图像似乎持续的时间更长。文章解释了大脑处理信息的过程以及研究的开展经过。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A watched pot never boils, but time has wings when you’re having fun. The familiar saying has a basis in solid science — our sense of time does expand and contract depending on the way we experience the world. Even delicate visual features can affect how we perceive time.(心急锅不开，但当你开心的时候，时间就会飞起来。这句熟悉的谚语有坚实的科学基础——我们的时间感确实会随着我们体验世界的方式而扩大和缩小。即使是微妙的视觉特征也会影响我们对时间的感知)”可知，开心时时间过的快，与之形成对比，“心急锅不开”这句话描述了时间沉重的感觉，即“时间难熬”之意。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“This is especially relevant for the brain’s visual system which, subjected to information overload, has to rank in order of importance, allowing for limited resources.(这对大脑的视觉系统尤其重要，因为大脑的视觉系统受到信息过载的影响，考虑到有限的资源，必须按照重要性排序)”可知，大脑的视觉系统通过设定优先级处理信息。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers found larger scene sizes seemed to extend time while more disorderly scenes seemed to contract it. Besides, the subjects perceived more memorable images remained on the screen longer, even if they were all presented for the same amount of time.(研究人员发现，更大的场景似乎会延长时间，而更混乱的场景似乎会缩短时间。此外，受试者认为更令人难忘的图像在屏幕上停留的时间更长，即使它们呈现的时间相同)”可知，根据这项研究，如果在屏幕上显示相同的时间，B图片尺寸大且最有序，所以持续时间最长。故选B。 【15题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Limited resources to process information may act as a sort of bottleneck, which the brain can widen when it needs to absorb more information(处理信息的资源有限可能会成为一种瓶颈，当大脑需要吸收更多信息时，它可以扩大瓶颈，从而)”可知，处理信息的资源有限可能会成为一种瓶颈，所以扩大瓶颈就可以延长时间，故划线词意思是“延长”。故选C。 4、 七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 passage 5 【新情境・人际关系心理科普】（2025滨州一模） All friendships, regardless of how long they enter our lives, serve a purpose. ____16____ We typically assume break-up shouldn’t hurt as much as a romantic break-up, but it does. Much like with romantic relationships, we often attach illusions to our friendships, and when they end, it’s the bursting of the illusion that can hurt the most. It’s not nice to think about, but there comes a point in every person’s life where they outgrow someone they were previously close with. ____17____ At first, different life directions mean you stop hanging out as much; then they’re no longer the first person you go to with news; and before you know it your contact grows decreased, revolving primarily around birthdays or Christmas. This natural shift doesn’t mean failure. ____18____ Our relationships merely outgrow the period they were formed in: childhood friends may no longer fit into or have anything in common, making it hard to relate to one another — and that is perfectly OK. As painful as it may be to distance yourself from someone you once cherished, holding on usually becomes harder than letting go. If you don’t feel good when you’re together, then it’s likely time for things to come to a close. ____19____ If you would like to stop a friendship from being outgrown, you need to start making a concerted effort to consciously cultivate the bond you have. You can start by telling your friend how you are feeling and that you would like to work on mending the relationship. ____20____ A. It often happens slowly. B. Therefore, friendships require cultivating. C. However, it doesn’t mean saying goodbye forever. D. It is simply a normal part of growing and changing. E. Instead of expectations, focus on making agreements. F. As is the case in all relationships, communication is key. G. So it’s natural for us to feel painful when friendships do end. 【答案】16. G 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了友谊的自然变迁，指出友谊的淡化或结束是成长过程中的正常现象，并提出了维系友谊的建议。 【16题详解】 上文‌“All friendships, regardless of how long they enter our lives, serve a purpose.(所有的友谊，不管存在多久，都是有意义的)”引出友谊价值，G选项‌“So it’s natural for us to feel painful when friendships do end.(因此，当友谊结束时，我们感到痛苦是很自然的)”通过‌“so”建立因果关系，因为友谊都是有意义的，所以友谊结束会带来痛苦，与后文‌“We typically assume break-up shouldn’t hurt as much as a romantic break-up, but it does.(我们通常认为友谊结束带来的伤痛应该不及一段浪漫恋情的破裂，但事实并非如此)”语意一致。故选G项。 【17题详解】 上文“It’s not nice to think about, but there comes a point in every person’s life where they outgrow someone they were previously close with. (想到这个可能不太愉快，但每个人生命中都会迎来这样的时刻：你会渐渐与曾经亲密的人变得疏远)”提出人人都会经历与亲密的人之间的‌疏远，A选项‌“It often happens slowly(这通常是缓慢发生的)”通过‌“it”指代上文的疏远过程，引出下文具体描述疏远三个阶段：减少见面→不再优先分享→只剩节日问候，上下文逻辑连贯。故选A项。 【18题详解】 上文‌“This natural shift doesn’t mean failure(这种自然转变不意味着失败)”否定消极认知，D选项‌“It is simply a normal part of growing and changing.(这只是成长和变化的正常部分)”通过‌“simply”承接转折，用‌“normal part”对应上文的‌“doesn’t mean failure”，共同确立积极观点。后文‌“childhood friends may no longer fit into or have anything in common, making it hard to relate to one another — and that is perfectly OK(儿时的朋友们可能不再合群或有任何共同点，这使得彼此之间很难相处——这完全没问题)”是该观点的具体例证。故选D项。 【19题详解】 前文“If you don’t feel good when you’re together, then it’s likely time for things to come to a close.(如果你们在一起的时候感觉不舒服，那么很可能是时候结束了)”提出‌关系的结束，C选项‌“However, it doesn’t mean saying goodbye forever.(但并不意味着永别)”通过‌“however”实现语义转折，既承认结束的必要性，又避免绝对化，引出后文‌“If you would like to stop a friendship from being outgrown, you need to start making a concerted effort to consciously cultivate the bond you have.(若想避免友谊渐行渐远，就需要开始有意识地共同努力维系彼此的情谊)”提供的积极解决方案，与C项形成‌“结束非绝对→主动维系”的递进逻辑。故选C项。 【20题详解】 前文“You can start by telling your friend how you are feeling and that you would like to work on mending the relationship. (你可以从告诉你的朋友你的感受开始，告诉他你想要修复你们的关系)”建议‌表达感受，F选项‌“As is the case in all relationships, communication is key.(正如所有关系，沟通是关键)”承接上文，强调沟通是关键，与前文观点一致。故选F项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $