专题02 主谓一致（拔高专练）2027年高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

**基本信息** 高中英语主谓一致专项训练，以真题为载体系统提炼解题方法，通过规则分类与情境化训练提升语言应用能力与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题感知|6道高考真题|提炼就远/就近原则、数量短语等6类核心规则，含易错警示与速记技巧|从基础语法一致到特殊名词/从句主语，构建"规则-例外-应用"递进逻辑| |强化演练|多考点分类训练|按就远/就近等5大考点设题，结合非遗、环保等新情境|规则应用与真实语境融合，强化考点迁移能力| |拔高预测|综合题型训练|跨语法填空/阅读等题型，突出新情境（如航天科技）综合应用|对接高考命题趋势，实现单一规则到语篇层面的逻辑整合|

专题02 主谓一致 目 录 真题感知 1 强化演练 3 拔高预测 9 真题感知 1.（2026·新高考I卷·高考真题）Traditional folk culture, together with its unique artistic charm, ________ (play) an important role in inheriting Chinese spiritual civilization. 【解题方法】 （1）精准判定主语，规避插入语干扰 ① 主语后接together with、along with、as well as、rather than、except、besides等短语时，遵循就远原则，谓语动词与前面的核心主语保持一致； ② 此类插入语可直接跳过，锁定句首核心主语，无需考虑插入内容的单复数。 （2）结合时态锁定谓语形式 客观事实、普遍真理用一般现在时，主语单数谓语变三单，复数用动词原形。 （3）易错易混速记 切勿将插入语中的名词误判为主语，是主谓一致最高频失分点。 2.（2025·新高考II卷·高考真题）The details of the ancient murals ________ (reveal) the wisdom and aesthetic taste of ancient working people. 【解题方法】 （1）拆分句子结构，找准核心主语 of、in、on等介词短语作后置定语时，谓语动词与介词前的核心名词保持一致。 （2）语法一致核心规则 可数名词复数作主语，一般现在时谓语用原形；单数/不可数名词作主语，谓语用三单。 （3）易错警示 不要被后置定语中的单数名词干扰，主语单复数由核心名词决定。 3.（2025·北京卷·高考真题）What we need at present ________ (be) practical and effective measures to solve the problem. 【解题方法】 （1）从句主语主谓一致判定规则 what引导主语从句，谓语动词遵循意义一致，匹配句中表语的单复数； that引导的主语从句作主语，谓语动词固定用单数。 （2）方法速记 从句作主语，看表语；有复数表语用复数谓语，单数/不可数表语用单数谓语。 （3）易错点规避 切勿默认从句主语一律用单数，what从句需结合语境意义判定。 4.（2024·新高考I卷·高考真题）Every possible means ________ (adopt) to protect the endangered wild animals in recent years. 【解题方法】 （1）特殊名词主谓一致速记 单复数同形名词：means、series、species、works、crossroads；被each/every修饰一律作单数。 （2）时态语态结合判定 in recent years为现在完成时标志，结合主谓一致和被动语态综合解题。 （3）易错易混 many means作主语谓语用复数，every means作主语谓语用单数。 5.（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）A large number of teenagers ________ (be) fond of traditional Chinese culture and willing to learn traditional skills. 【解题方法】 （1）固定短语主谓一致规则 a number of+复数名词→谓语复数（许多……）； the number of+复数名词→谓语单数（……的数量）。 （2）快速区分技巧 a number of侧重“数量多”，修饰主语；the number of侧重“数量数值”，主语为number。 （3）易错警示 两大高频易混短语，是高考语法填空必考易错点，需精准区分。 6.（2024·浙江卷·高考真题）Neither my classmates nor my teacher ________ (know) how to solve the difficult physics problem. 【解题方法】 （1）就近原则高频连接词 neither...nor...、either...or...、not only...but also...、or连接主语，谓语就近一致。 （2）解题步骤 锁定靠近谓语的主语→判定单复数→匹配时态写谓语。 （3）易错点 就近原则只看后侧主语，切勿前后主语综合判定。 强化演练 一、单句语法填空 考点01 就远原则主谓一致 1.【新情境·非遗剪纸传承】（2026济南二模）The inheritance of paper-cutting art, as well as its cultural value, ________ (deserve) high attention from young people. 2.【新情境·乡村生态旅游】（2026青岛期末）The local government, together with villagers, ________ (devote) itself to developing rural eco-tourism in recent years. 3.【新情境·传统汉服文化】（2026烟台月考）Ancient Hanfu, rather than modern casual clothes, ________ (reflect) the traditional aesthetic of Chinese nation. 4.【新情境·古籍保护工程】（2025潍坊期中）All old ancient books, except the damaged ones, ________ (preserve) well in the national library now. 考点02 就近原则主谓一致 1.【新情境·校园社团建设】（2026淄博模拟）Either club activities or voluntary service ________ (enrich) students’ after-school life effectively. 2.【新情境·传统文化普及】（2026德州二模）Not only traditional operas but also calligraphy ________ (be) popular among teenage cultural lovers. 3.【新情境·低碳环保宣传】（2025泰安期末）Neither teachers nor students ________ (ignore) the importance of low-carbon life nowadays. 4.【新情境·科技创新竞赛】（2026聊城月考）No speaker nor judge ________ (know) the final result of the science competition in advance. 考点03 数量短语主谓一致 1.【新情境·全民阅读风尚】（2026济宁模拟）A number of teenagers ________ (form) good reading habits under the influence of campus reading activities. 2.【新情境·非遗传承调研】（2026滨州期末）The number of intangible cultural heritage inheritors in rural areas ________ (increase) steadily in the past few years. 3.【新情境·城市绿化建设】（2025东营月考）Large amounts of green resources ________ (be) invested in urban ecological construction every year. 4.【新情境·古籍修复工作】（2026枣庄模拟）A great deal of time and energy ________ (spend) on ancient book restoration every year. 考点04 特殊名词、集合名词主谓一致 1.【新情境·文化传播载体】（2026潍坊二模）A new series of cultural documentaries ________ (show) the charm of Chinese traditional culture in recent months. 2.【新情境·团队研学活动】（2025临沂期末）The team ________ (have) different opinions on the plan of traditional culture research. 3.【新情境·校园文艺汇演】（2026菏泽月考）The audience ________ (cheer) loudly when the traditional dance performance came to an end. 4.【新情境·科研成果发布】（2026威海二模）This species of rare flower ________ (be) unique to the southern mountainous areas. 考点05 从句、非谓语主谓一致 1.【新情境·家风文化传承】（2025济宁期末）What parents do and say ________ (exert) a far-reaching influence on children’s growth. 2.【新情境·读书修身育人】（2026东营二模）Reading classic traditional books ________ (broaden) people’s horizons and purify their minds. 3.【新情境·诚信品德教育】（2026泰安二模）To keep promises and stick to integrity ________ (be) an essential quality for teenagers. 4.【新情境·文化自信培育】（2025淄博期末）That we inherit and promote traditional culture ________ (reflect) our national cultural confidence. 2、 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·传统榫卯工艺文化】（2026济南二模）The traditional mortise and tenon technique, without any nails, ________1 (be) a core skill of ancient Chinese wooden architecture. A series of unique structural designs ________2 (make) ancient buildings firm and durable for thousands of years. Neither wind nor rain ________3 (destroy) the delicate and precise structures easily. The number of skilled craftsmen who master this technique ________4 (become) smaller in recent decades, so more efforts ________5 (need) to inherit the precious craft. What we should do now ________6 (be) to train young inheritors and spread traditional architectural culture. Every means ________7 (adopt) by local museums to popularize the craft nowadays. The whole team of craftsmen ________8 (devote) themselves to innovation while inheriting the traditional technique. Not only the structure but also the artistic conception of mortise and tenon ________9 (attract) countless visitors at home and abroad. In fact, preserving traditional crafts ________10 (require) long-term persistence and professional dedication. Passage 2 【新情境・道教哲学】（2026・江苏南京・二模） Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply 1. ________ (involve) in philosophy and mythology. It is 2. ________ source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically (审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Laozi, founder of Taoism, admired water most. He wrote that water benefits all things yet never competes,3. ________ (make) it the perfect model of virtue. Unlike rigid stone or towering mountains, water adapts 4. ________ any container it enters, teaching people to stay modest and flexible. Many classical gardens across China design winding streams 5. ________ (reflect) this Taoist idea. Even the ancient saying “the highest good is like water” 6. ________ (pass) down for thousands of years, 7. ________ (carry) the core spirit of harmonious coexistence. Nowadays, environmental activists take inspiration 8. ________ this ancient wisdom, calling on the public 9. ________ (protect) water resources. Water, simple and ordinary, tells us 10. ________ true balance between human beings and nature really means. Passage 3 【新情境・中国天宫空间站】（2026・苏锡常镇四市・高三调研一） China’s space station, named Tiangong, orbits Earth at 1. ________ altitude of about 400 kilometers. Astronauts living there conduct experiments 2. ________ (aim) at advancing global scientific knowledge. The station 3. ________ (equip) with ultra-modern facilities, making long-term human residence in outer space possible. What surprises space researchers most is 4. ________ efficiently all core systems operate. The Tianhe core module serves as living quarters and central control center, while Wentian and Mengtian lab modules provide space 5. ________ various scientific tests. Since its official completion in late 2022, dozens of astronauts 6. ________ (stay) inside Tiangong, 7. ________ (complete) hundreds of experiments in medicine, material science and astronomy. Many international scientists apply 8. ________ cooperation opportunities, hoping to send their research projects to the station. Chinese engineers keep upgrading the station’s functions9. ________ (meet) future exploration demands. Tiangong fully proves 10. ________ powerful strength of China’s aerospace industry. 二、完形填空 passage 4 【新情境・坚持与自我成长】（2026・武汉武昌二模）Growth is never a smooth journey. It is full of setbacks, failures and unexpected difficulties. Many people tend to 1 easily when facing troubles, blaming fate or external conditions for their misfortunes. However, true growth begins the moment we stop complaining and choose to 2 difficulties bravely. I used to be a person who feared failure deeply. Whenever I failed exams or fell behind in study, I felt frustrated and 3 . I would give up halfway and never stick to my original goals. My teacher noticed my negative state and talked to me patiently. He told me that failure is not a 4 , but a necessary part of growth. Every mistake and failure teaches us a valuable 5 we never knew before. Gradually, I changed my 6 towards difficulties and failures. Instead of escaping from setbacks, I chose to analyze my mistakes carefully and 7 precious experience from every failure. When I met tough problems and heavy study pressure, I encouraged myself to hold on rather than 8 easily. Little by little, I became more confident, persistent and calm. I finally found that the biggest 9 in life is not failure itself, but the fear of failure in our hearts. Persistent efforts never 10 . After months of continuous hard work and scientific adjustment, my study performance improved steadily. I also learned an important life 11 : no pain, no gain. Success never comes 12 , and every progress is based on continuous efforts and self-breakthrough. Those who keep moving forward bravely will finally 13 their dreams and become better versions of themselves. Now I no longer avoid challenges. I take every difficulty as a chance to 14 myself. I believe that all hardships and setbacks are precious gifts on the road to growth, which will finally help us 15 stronger and more independent. 1. A. quit B. continue C. fight D. succeed 2. A. hide B. face C. avoid D. doubt 3. A. excited B. relaxed C. upset D. surprised 4. A. shame B. surprise C. secret D. disaster 5. A. lesson B. story C. method D. hobby 6. A. decision B. attitude C. plan D. dream 7. A. learn B. refuse C. borrow D. separate 8. A. give up B. take up C. get up D. pick up 9. A. advantage B. danger C. victory D. honor 10. A. appear B. fail C. waste D. exist 11. A. style B. skill C. lesson D. habit 12. A. slowly B. gradually C. suddenly D. easily 13. A. realize B. ignore C. forget D. doubt 14. A. protect B. improve C. treat D. trust 15. A. turn B. seem C. become D. prove 三、阅读理解 Passage5 【新情境・道教哲学】（2026・江苏南京・二模） Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply involved in philosophy and mythology. It is the source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Taoism, founded by Laozi, builds its core logic around the virtue of water. The Tao Te Ching states that the highest good is like water, which benefits all creatures without competing. Unlike rigid mountains that stand firm and resist change, water flows downward willingly, tolerates dirt and impurities, and bends around barriers rather than fighting them. This flexible humility became the standard ideal personality for Taoist scholars. Ancient Chinese gardens fully carry this philosophy. Designers dug winding streams, built shallow ponds and laid smooth stone paths beside water. Visitors walking along the water surface will calm their anxious minds and forget worldly struggles, reaching a state of quiet unity with nature called “harmony between human and Tao”. Modern urban planners have rediscovered this wisdom: many new community parks introduce natural water landscapes to relieve citizens’ mental pressure from fast-paced city life. 1. What does water symbolize in Taoism? A. Competition and ambition B. Gentleness and selflessness C. Rigidity and persistence D. Wealth and power 2. Why do modern cities build water parks? A. To copy ancient garden buildings B. To carry forward traditional art C. To ease people’s mental stress D. To protect rare water plants 3. Which word can replace “aesthetically” in Paragraph 1? A. artistically B. scientifically C. spiritually D. economically 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The history of Chinese classical gardens B. Laozi’s life story and great works C. The cultural meaning of water in Taoism D. Modern environmental protection policies 拔高预测 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境・道教哲学】（2026・江苏南京・二模） Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply 1. ________ (involve) in philosophy and mythology. It is 2. ________ source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically (审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Laozi, founder of Taoism, admired water most. He wrote that water benefits all things yet never competes,3. ________ (make) it the perfect model of virtue. Unlike rigid stone or towering mountains, water adapts 4. ________ any container it enters, teaching people to stay modest and flexible. Many classical gardens across China design winding streams 5. ________ (reflect) this Taoist idea. Even the ancient saying “the highest good is like water” 6. ________ (pass) down for thousands of years, 7. ________ (carry) the core spirit of harmonious coexistence. Nowadays, environmental activists take inspiration 8. ________ this ancient wisdom, calling on the public 9. ________ (protect) water resources. Water, simple and ordinary, tells us 10. ________ true balance between human beings and nature really means. Passage 2 【新情境・中国天宫空间站】（2026・苏锡常镇四市・高三调研一） China’s space station, named Tiangong, orbits Earth at 1. ________ altitude of about 400 kilometers. Astronauts living there conduct experiments 2. ________ (aim) at advancing global scientific knowledge. The station 3. ________ (equip) with ultra-modern facilities, making long-term human residence in outer space possible. What surprises space researchers most is 4. ________ efficiently all core systems operate. The Tianhe core module serves as living quarters and central control center, while Wentian and Mengtian lab modules provide space 5. ________ various scientific tests. Since its official completion in late 2022, dozens of astronauts 6. ________ (stay) inside Tiangong, 7. ________ (complete) hundreds of experiments in medicine, material science and astronomy. Many international scientists apply 8. ________ cooperation opportunities, hoping to send their research projects to the station. Chinese engineers keep upgrading the station’s functions9. ________ (meet) future exploration demands. Tiangong fully proves 10. ________ powerful strength of China’s aerospace industry. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 passage 3 【新情境・时令饮食生态反思成长记叙文】（2026 济宁二模） I never knew a chance encounter was to change my career forever. One snowy December day, I wandered out of my New York apartment and ____21____ for a grocery store on Third Ave. Behind me someone shouted, “Where can I find peaches?” I turned around to ____22____an annoyed woman standing outside the greengrocer’s. The absurdity (荒谬) of the moment____23____ me — why must someone buy peaches in the middle of winter? I was already____24____of the issues facing the food system: industrialized farming destroying our soils, unclear supply chains leaving citizens ____25____ in making the right buying decisions, and the ____26____ of ultra-processed foods with zero nutritional value in supermarkets, schools and hospitals, to name a few. But this moment underscored our serious ____27____with nature and its seasons. We had ____28____ the idea that food could and should be eaten any time of the year. Too terrible! An inner voice whispered: “Do something to ____29____seasonal flavour into people’s lives.” After graduation, ____30____ by the skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and energy of the Big Apple, I landed a decent job with a____31____salary, managing financial investment for clients. Yet my work was stuck in an undercurrent of greed that I struggled to ____32____. Now it was time. I was ____33____my 40s. If I did not act now, it would be too late. An urgency____34____ and food became my “North Star”. That was the launcher that ____35____me from a New York skyscraper to a London food market. 21. A. spoke B. cheered C. worked D. headed 22. A. spot B. hit C. approach D. comfort 23. A. amused B. tricked C. struck D. hurt 24. A. afraid B. aware C. ashamed D. careful 25. A. impatient B. reasonable C. picky D. powerless 26. A. assessment B. prejudice C. dominance D. classification 27. A. dissatisfaction B. disconnect C. familiarity D. mixture 28. A. normalized B. finalized C. commercialized D. prioritized 29. A. program B. fold C. channel D. transform 30. A. greeted B. attracted C. surrounded D. refreshed 31. A. flexible B. basic C. handsome D. fair 32. A. escape B. maintain C. interpret D. reveal 33. A. averaging B. nearing C. braving D. battling 34. A. kicked in B. built up C. passed by D. caught on 35. A. witnessed B. accompanied C. saved D. shot 三、阅读理解 Passage 4 【新情境・航天科技】（2026・山东济南・二模） China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System has completed its global layout and brought revolutionary changes to agriculture, transportation and disaster relief. Unlike foreign positioning systems, Beidou has exclusive short-message communication function, allowing users to send text information even in remote areas without mobile signals. In mountainous farmlands of southwest China, farmers carry Beidou smart terminals on tractors. The system accurately marks field boundaries, controls seeding density and calculates water demand for crops, cutting farming costs by nearly 30%. During flood seasons, local governments fix Beidou sensors on river banks; once water levels rise beyond safety lines, the system automatically sends early warnings to villagers’ mobile phones within 10 seconds. Fishermen sailing far into the ocean benefit most from short-message service. In the past, when storms hit open sea, fishing boats lost contact with the coast easily. Now captains can send location and distress information via Beidou at any time, greatly lowering the death rate of maritime accidents. Experts point out that Beidou is not merely a satellite tool, but a national public infrastructure supporting high-quality social development. 3. What special function does Beidou own? A. Global real-time video call B. Offline short-message communication C. Automatic weather forecasting D. Free international roaming service 4. How does Beidou help farmers? A. It sells agricultural products online B. It reduces farming input costs C. It transports crops automatically D. It develops new plant varieties 5. What can we infer about fishing before Beidou? A. Fishermen could get timely storm warnings B. Boats often lost connection at sea C. Maritime accidents never happened D. All fishing grounds had mobile signals 6. The text is most likely from ____. A. a travel brochure B. a biology textbook C. a science news report D. a farming advertisement Passage5 【新情境・文理交融人物书评科普文】（2026 济宁二模） At first glance, the scientist Charles Darwin and the poet Emily Dickinson would seem to have little in common. In Natural Magic, literary scholar Renee Bergland seeks to convince the reader otherwise, interweaving the lives, work, and history of these two towering figures of the 19th century. In doing so, Bergland shows definitively that they shared deep sensibilities about the natural world. They were both keen observers in their own home gardens. For both, the “magic” of nature could be found in the physical and material rather than the supernatural. They found nature to be a place enchanted by its own mysteries, joys, and sorrows. Taking the form of a joint biography (传记), Natural Magic alternates between Darwin and Dickinson over the course of 16 chapters, progressing simultaneously (同时地) in time. While Bergland offers comprehensive descriptions, building on the extensive work of other biographers and scholars, the book’s own magic shines in the conversation created between its subjects’ bodies of work. When viewed as part of a historical dialogue, Darwin and Dickinson amplify (阐发) each other’s work, revealing the science in her poetry and the poetry in his science. Natural Magic further situates both writers in the history of science as it developed from “natural philosophy” into specialized disciplines throughout the 19th century. Bergland lays extensive groundwork for the social and cultural forces that shaped each thinker in a time when the sciences and arts were more closely connected. Bergland herself displays moments of beauty in her writing, particularly in her vivid descriptions of the wonder of scientific discoveries in the 19th century. “Changing angles of sunlight, the unchanging stars, and... the bright colors of the great auroras lightened up the vastness of planetary space,” she writes, for example. Ultimately, the book offers readers a historical and biographical look into the magic offered by the natural world as reflected in the works of two major 19th-century thinkers. Bergland concludes that in a time of climate crisis, we must recover this kind of dialogue across the sciences and the arts, emphasizing our shared sense of wonder in nature. 12. What does Bergland aim to demonstrate about Darwin and Dickinson? A. Their inborn talents. B. Their great achievements. C. Their literary background. D. Their unseen commonalities. 13. What can be learned concerning Natural Magic? A. It creates dialogues between works. B. It is a co-authored masterpiece. C. It contradicts other scholars’ views. D. It focuses on natural philosophy. 14. Which best describes Bergland’s language in describing the wonder of scientific discoveries? A. Straightforward. B. Academic. C. Humorous. D. Poetic. 15. Which of the following might Bergland agree with? A. History should never be forgotten. B. Nature should be treated with awe. C. Wonder is the beginning of wisdom. D. The dawn of science came too late. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 主谓一致 参考答案 真题感知 1. plays 2. reveal 3. are 4. has been adopted 5. are 6. knows 强化演练 一、单句语法填空 考点01 就远原则主谓一致 1. deserves 2. has devoted 3. reflects 4. are preserved 考点02 就近原则主谓一致 1. enriches 2. is 3. ignore 4. knows 考点03 数量短语主谓一致 1. have formed 2. has increased 3. are 4. is spent 考点04 特殊名词、集合名词主谓一致 1. has shown 2. have 3. cheered 4. is 考点05 从句、非谓语主谓一致 1. exerts 2. broadens 3. is 4. reflects 二、语法填空 Passage 1 1. is　2. make　3. destroys　4. has become　5. are needed　6. is　7. is adopted　8. devote　9. attracts　10. requires Passage 2 1. involved　2. the　3. making　4. to　5. to reflect　6. has been passed　7. carrying　8. from　9. to protect　10. what Passage 3 1. an　2. aiming　3. is equipped　4. how　5. for　6. have stayed　7. completing　8. for　9. to meet　10. the 三、完形填空 Passage 4：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.C 四、阅读理解 Passage 5：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 拔高预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 1. involved　2. the　3. making　4. to　5. to reflect　6. has been passed　7. carrying　8. from　9. to protect　10. what Passage 2 1. an　2. aiming　3. is equipped　4. how　5. for　6. have stayed　7. completing　8. for　9. to meet　10. the 二、完形填空 Passage 3：21.D 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.B 31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.D Passage 4：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C Passage 5：12.D 13.A 14.D 15.B 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 主谓一致 目 录 真题感知 1 强化演练 4 拔高预测 16 真题感知 1.（2026·新高考I卷·高考真题）Traditional folk culture, together with its unique artistic charm, ________ (play) an important role in inheriting Chinese spiritual civilization. 【答案】plays 【解析】考查主谓一致（就远原则）。句意：传统民俗文化及其独特的艺术魅力，在传承中华精神文明中发挥着重要作用。主语为Traditional folk culture（单数），together with引导的短语为插入语，不影响主语单复数；句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填plays。 【解题方法】 （1）精准判定主语，规避插入语干扰 ① 主语后接together with、along with、as well as、rather than、except、besides等短语时，遵循就远原则，谓语动词与前面的核心主语保持一致； ② 此类插入语可直接跳过，锁定句首核心主语，无需考虑插入内容的单复数。 （2）结合时态锁定谓语形式 客观事实、普遍真理用一般现在时，主语单数谓语变三单，复数用动词原形。 （3）易错易混速记 切勿将插入语中的名词误判为主语，是主谓一致最高频失分点。 2.（2025·新高考II卷·高考真题）The details of the ancient murals ________ (reveal) the wisdom and aesthetic taste of ancient working people. 【答案】reveal 【解析】考查主谓一致（语法一致原则）。句意：古壁画的细节展现了古代劳动人民的智慧与审美情趣。本句核心主语为The details（复数名词），of the ancient murals为后置定语，不改变主语单复数；句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填reveal。 【解题方法】 （1）拆分句子结构，找准核心主语 of、in、on等介词短语作后置定语时，谓语动词与介词前的核心名词保持一致。 （2）语法一致核心规则 可数名词复数作主语，一般现在时谓语用原形；单数/不可数名词作主语，谓语用三单。 （3）易错警示 不要被后置定语中的单数名词干扰，主语单复数由核心名词决定。 3.（2025·北京卷·高考真题）What we need at present ________ (be) practical and effective measures to solve the problem. 【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致（意义一致原则）。句意：我们目前需要的是切实有效的解决问题的办法。what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词根据表语单复数判定；本句表语为measures（复数），故谓语动词用复数形式。故填are。 【解题方法】 （1）从句主语主谓一致判定规则 what引导主语从句，谓语动词遵循意义一致，匹配句中表语的单复数； that引导的主语从句作主语，谓语动词固定用单数。 （2）方法速记 从句作主语，看表语；有复数表语用复数谓语，单数/不可数表语用单数谓语。 （3）易错点规避 切勿默认从句主语一律用单数，what从句需结合语境意义判定。 4.（2024·新高考I卷·高考真题）Every possible means ________ (adopt) to protect the endangered wild animals in recent years. 【答案】has been adopted 【解析】考查主谓一致（特殊名词单复数）。句意：近年来，人们采取了各种可行的方法保护濒危野生动物。means为单复数同形名词，被Every修饰时，作单数主语；in recent years提示现在完成时，主语与adopt为被动关系，故用现在完成时被动语态单数形式。故填has been adopted。 【解题方法】 （1）特殊名词主谓一致速记 单复数同形名词：means、series、species、works、crossroads；被each/every修饰一律作单数。 （2）时态语态结合判定 in recent years为现在完成时标志，结合主谓一致和被动语态综合解题。 （3）易错易混 many means作主语谓语用复数，every means作主语谓语用单数。 5.（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）A large number of teenagers ________ (be) fond of traditional Chinese culture and willing to learn traditional skills. 【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致（数量短语固定搭配）。句意：大量青少年喜爱中国传统文化，愿意学习传统技艺。a large number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；句子描述常态爱好，用一般现在时。故填are。 【解题方法】 （1）固定短语主谓一致规则 a number of+复数名词→谓语复数（许多……）； the number of+复数名词→谓语单数（……的数量）。 （2）快速区分技巧 a number of侧重“数量多”，修饰主语；the number of侧重“数量数值”，主语为number。 （3）易错警示 两大高频易混短语，是高考语法填空必考易错点，需精准区分。 6.（2024·浙江卷·高考真题）Neither my classmates nor my teacher ________ (know) how to solve the difficult physics problem. 【答案】knows 【解析】考查主谓一致（就近原则）。句意：我的同学和老师都不知道如何解答这道物理难题。neither...nor...连接两个主语时，遵循就近原则，谓语动词与靠近的主语my teacher（单数）保持一致；一般现在时，故填knows。 【解题方法】 （1）就近原则高频连接词 neither...nor...、either...or...、not only...but also...、or连接主语，谓语就近一致。 （2）解题步骤 锁定靠近谓语的主语→判定单复数→匹配时态写谓语。 （3）易错点 就近原则只看后侧主语，切勿前后主语综合判定。 强化演练 一、单句语法填空 考点01 就远原则主谓一致 1.【新情境·非遗剪纸传承】（2026济南二模）The inheritance of paper-cutting art, as well as its cultural value, ________ (deserve) high attention from young people. 【答案】deserves 【解析】考查主谓一致就远原则。句意：剪纸艺术的传承及其文化价值，值得年轻人高度重视。核心主语为The inheritance（单数），as well as引导插入语不影响主谓一致；句子为客观事实，一般现在时谓语用三单。故填deserves。 2.【新情境·乡村生态旅游】（2026青岛期末）The local government, together with villagers, ________ (devote) itself to developing rural eco-tourism in recent years. 【答案】has devoted 【解析】考查就远原则+时态。句意：近年来，当地政府联合村民致力于发展乡村生态旅游。核心主语为The local government（单数），together with为插入语；in recent years提示现在完成时，单数主语对应has done。故填has devoted。 3.【新情境·传统汉服文化】（2026烟台月考）Ancient Hanfu, rather than modern casual clothes, ________ (reflect) the traditional aesthetic of Chinese nation. 【答案】reflects 【解析】考查就远原则。句意：古代汉服而非现代休闲服饰，彰显中华民族的传统审美。rather than连接主语，谓语与前面核心主语Ancient Hanfu（单数）一致，一般现在时用三单。故填reflects。 4.【新情境·古籍保护工程】（2025潍坊期中）All old ancient books, except the damaged ones, ________ (preserve) well in the national library now. 【答案】are preserved 【解析】考查就远原则+被动语态。句意：除破损古籍外，所有古老典籍如今都在国家图书馆妥善保存。except引导修饰成分，核心主语为All old ancient books（复数），主语与preserve为被动关系，一般现在时复数被动。故填are preserved。 考点02 就近原则主谓一致 1.【新情境·校园社团建设】（2026淄博模拟）Either club activities or voluntary service ________ (enrich) students’ after-school life effectively. 【答案】enriches 【解析】考查就近原则。句意：无论是社团活动还是志愿服务，都能有效丰富学生的课余生活。either...or...连接主语，谓语就近匹配后置主语voluntary service（单数），一般现在时用三单。故填enriches。 2.【新情境·传统文化普及】（2026德州二模）Not only traditional operas but also calligraphy ________ (be) popular among teenage cultural lovers. 【答案】is 【解析】考查就近原则。句意：不仅传统戏曲，书法也深受青少年文化爱好者喜爱。not only...but also...连接主语，谓语就近匹配后置主语calligraphy（单数不可数），一般现在时用is。故填is。 3.【新情境·低碳环保宣传】（2025泰安期末）Neither teachers nor students ________ (ignore) the importance of low-carbon life nowadays. 【答案】ignore 【解析】考查就近原则。句意：如今，老师和学生都不会忽视低碳生活的重要性。neither...nor...连接主语，就近匹配后置主语students（复数），一般现在时用动词原形。故填ignore。 4.【新情境·科技创新竞赛】（2026聊城月考）No speaker nor judge ________ (know) the final result of the science competition in advance. 【答案】knows 【解析】考查就近原则。句意：无论是参赛发言人还是评委，都无法提前知晓科创比赛的最终结果。no...nor...连接主语，谓语就近匹配后置单数名词judge，一般现在时三单。故填knows。 考点03 数量短语主谓一致 1.【新情境·全民阅读风尚】（2026济宁模拟）A number of teenagers ________ (form) good reading habits under the influence of campus reading activities. 【答案】have formed 【解析】考查数量短语主谓一致。句意：在校园读书活动的影响下，众多青少年养成了良好的阅读习惯。a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数；动作已完成且对现在有影响，用现在完成时。故填have formed。 2.【新情境·非遗传承调研】（2026滨州期末）The number of intangible cultural heritage inheritors in rural areas ________ (increase) steadily in the past few years. 【答案】has increased 【解析】考查数量短语主谓一致。句意：过去几年，乡村非遗传承人的数量稳步增长。the number of+复数名词作主语，核心主语为number（单数），谓语用单数；in the past few years提示现在完成时。故填has increased。 3.【新情境·城市绿化建设】（2025东营月考）Large amounts of green resources ________ (be) invested in urban ecological construction every year. 【答案】are 【解析】考查数量短语主谓一致。句意：每年都有大量绿色资源投入城市生态建设。large amounts of+名词作主语，谓语动词一律用复数，一般现在时。故填are。 4.【新情境·古籍修复工作】（2026枣庄模拟）A great deal of time and energy ________ (spend) on ancient book restoration every year. 【答案】is spent 【解析】考查数量短语主谓一致。句意：每年都有大量时间和精力投入古籍修复工作。a great deal of+不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；主语与spend为被动关系，一般现在时被动。故填is spent。 考点04 特殊名词、集合名词主谓一致 1.【新情境·文化传播载体】（2026潍坊二模）A new series of cultural documentaries ________ (show) the charm of Chinese traditional culture in recent months. 【答案】has shown 【解析】考查特殊名词主谓一致。句意：近几个月来，一系列全新的文化纪录片展现了中国传统文化的魅力。series为单复数同形名词，a series of修饰名词作主语，谓语用单数；in recent months提示现在完成时。故填has shown。 2.【新情境·团队研学活动】（2025临沂期末）The team ________ (have) different opinions on the plan of traditional culture research. 【答案】have 【解析】考查集合名词主谓一致。句意：团队成员对于传统文化调研方案持有不同意见。team此处侧重指团队成员（个体），表复数意义，谓语动词用复数。故填have。 3.【新情境·校园文艺汇演】（2026菏泽月考）The audience ________ (cheer) loudly when the traditional dance performance came to an end. 【答案】cheered 【解析】考查集合名词主谓一致。句意：传统舞蹈表演落幕时，观众们热烈欢呼。audience此处指全体观众个体，表复数意义；后半句came提示一般过去时。故填cheered。 4.【新情境·科研成果发布】（2026威海二模）This species of rare flower ________ (be) unique to the southern mountainous areas. 【答案】is 【解析】考查特殊名词主谓一致。句意：这种珍稀花卉为南方山区独有物种。species单复数同形，被this修饰表单数，客观事实用一般现在时单数谓语。故填is。 考点05 从句、非谓语主谓一致 1.【新情境·家风文化传承】（2025济宁期末）What parents do and say ________ (exert) a far-reaching influence on children’s growth. 【答案】exerts 【解析】考查主语从句主谓一致。句意：父母的言行对孩子的成长有着深远的影响。what引导的主语从句作主语，整体表单数概念，一般现在时谓语用三单。故填exerts。 2.【新情境·读书修身育人】（2026东营二模）Reading classic traditional books ________ (broaden) people’s horizons and purify their minds. 【答案】broadens 【解析】考查动名词作主语主谓一致。句意：阅读传统经典书籍能够开阔眼界、净化心灵。动名词短语作主语，表单数概念，一般现在时谓语用三单。故填broadens。 3.【新情境·诚信品德教育】（2026泰安二模）To keep promises and stick to integrity ________ (be) an essential quality for teenagers. 【答案】is 【解析】考查不定式作主语主谓一致。句意：坚守承诺、恪守诚信是青少年必备的品质。不定式短语作主语，整体视为单数，一般现在时用is。故填is。 4.【新情境·文化自信培育】（2025淄博期末）That we inherit and promote traditional culture ________ (reflect) our national cultural confidence. 【答案】reflects 【解析】考查that主语从句主谓一致。句意：我们传承和弘扬传统文化，彰显着我们的民族文化自信。that引导的主语从句作主语，一律视为单数，一般现在时谓语用三单。故填reflects。 2、 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·传统榫卯工艺文化】（2026济南二模）The traditional mortise and tenon technique, without any nails, ________1 (be) a core skill of ancient Chinese wooden architecture. A series of unique structural designs ________2 (make) ancient buildings firm and durable for thousands of years. Neither wind nor rain ________3 (destroy) the delicate and precise structures easily. The number of skilled craftsmen who master this technique ________4 (become) smaller in recent decades, so more efforts ________5 (need) to inherit the precious craft. What we should do now ________6 (be) to train young inheritors and spread traditional architectural culture. Every means ________7 (adopt) by local museums to popularize the craft nowadays. The whole team of craftsmen ________8 (devote) themselves to innovation while inheriting the traditional technique. Not only the structure but also the artistic conception of mortise and tenon ________9 (attract) countless visitors at home and abroad. In fact, preserving traditional crafts ________10 (require) long-term persistence and professional dedication. 【答案】 1．is 2．make 3．destroys 4．has become 5．are needed 6．is 7．is adopted 8．devote 9．attracts 10．requires 【导语】文章介绍中国传统榫卯工艺的独特价值、传承现状，强调了保护和创新传统建筑工艺的重要意义。 【解析】 1．考查主谓一致就远原则。主语为technique（单数），without引导短语为修饰成分，客观事实用一般现在时is。 2．考查语法一致。主语designs为复数，一般现在时谓语用原形make。 3．考查就近原则。neither...nor...连接主语，就近rain单数，谓语三单destroys。 4．考查数量短语主谓一致。the number of...作主语谓语单数，in recent decades提示现在完成时，故填has become。 5．考查主谓一致+被动语态。主语efforts为复数，与need被动关系，一般现在时被动are needed。 6．考查主语从句主谓一致。what从句作主语，表语为不定式单数，谓语用is。 7．考查特殊名词主谓一致。every means作主语单数，与adopt被动关系，填is adopted。 8．考查集合名词主谓一致。team此处指团队成员，表复数意义，谓语用devote。 9．考查就近原则。not only...but also...就近conception单数，谓语三单attracts。 10．考查动名词作主语。preserving...动名词短语作主语单数，谓语三单requires。 Passage 2 【新情境・道教哲学】（2026・江苏南京・二模） Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply 1. ________ (involve) in philosophy and mythology. It is 2. ________ source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically (审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Laozi, founder of Taoism, admired water most. He wrote that water benefits all things yet never competes,3. ________ (make) it the perfect model of virtue. Unlike rigid stone or towering mountains, water adapts 4. ________ any container it enters, teaching people to stay modest and flexible. Many classical gardens across China design winding streams 5. ________ (reflect) this Taoist idea. Even the ancient saying “the highest good is like water” 6. ________ (pass) down for thousands of years, 7. ________ (carry) the core spirit of harmonious coexistence. Nowadays, environmental activists take inspiration 8. ________ this ancient wisdom, calling on the public 9. ________ (protect) water resources. Water, simple and ordinary, tells us 10. ________ true balance between human beings and nature really means. 答案1.involved 2. the 3. making 4. to 5. to reflect 6.has been passed 7. carrying 8. from 9. to protect 10. what 逐空解析 1.involved 非谓语固定搭配：be involved in（参与、融入），此处过去分词作伴随状语，表被动含义 “深度融入道家哲学”。 2.the 定冠词特指：the source of peace 特指 “古人心中宁静的源泉”，source 后有限定短语修饰，必须用 the。 3. making 现在分词作结果状语：前面老子赞美水的整件事，自然而然带来 “使其成为美德典范” 的结果，主动关系用 doing。 4. to 固定介词搭配：adapt to sth. 适应某物。 5. to reflect 不定式作目的状语：园林修建蜿蜒溪流，目的是体现道家思想，表目的用 to do。 6. has been passed 现在完成时被动：时间状语 for thousands of years（数千年）用现在完成时；谚语是 “被代代相传”，主语 saying 与 pass down 被动关系。 7. carrying 现在分词作伴随状语：谚语流传的同时承载和谐共生理念，主动伴随用 doing。 8. from 固定搭配：take inspiration from 从…… 汲取灵感。 9. to protect 固定句式：call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事。 10. what 宾语从句引导词：tells us 后接宾语从句，从句 means 缺少宾语，表 “…… 的事物” 用 what。 Passage 3 【新情境・中国天宫空间站】（2026・苏锡常镇四市・高三调研一） China’s space station, named Tiangong, orbits Earth at 1. ________ altitude of about 400 kilometers. Astronauts living there conduct experiments 2. ________ (aim) at advancing global scientific knowledge. The station 3. ________ (equip) with ultra-modern facilities, making long-term human residence in outer space possible. What surprises space researchers most is 4. ________ efficiently all core systems operate. The Tianhe core module serves as living quarters and central control center, while Wentian and Mengtian lab modules provide space 5. ________ various scientific tests. Since its official completion in late 2022, dozens of astronauts 6. ________ (stay) inside Tiangong, 7. ________ (complete) hundreds of experiments in medicine, material science and astronomy. Many international scientists apply 8. ________ cooperation opportunities, hoping to send their research projects to the station. Chinese engineers keep upgrading the station’s functions9. ________ (meet) future exploration demands. Tiangong fully proves 10. ________ powerful strength of China’s aerospace industry. 答案1.an 2. aiming 3. is equipped 4. how 5. for 6.have stayed 7. completing 8. for 9. to meet 10. the 逐空解析 1. an 不定冠词：altitude 元音音素开头，at an altitude of 在…… 高度。 2. aiming 现在分词作后置定语：experiments aim at…（实验旨在……），主动关系用 aiming。 3. is equipped 一般现在时被动：固定搭配 be equipped with 配备；描述空间站固有配置，常态用一般现在时。 4. how 表语从句引导词：副词 how 修饰副词 efficiently，意为 “系统运行效率有多高”。 5. for 介词表用途：provide space for… 为…… 提供空间。 6. have stayed 现在完成时：Since 引导过去时间点作状语，主句用现在完成时；主语 astronauts 复数。 7. completing 现在分词作结果状语：宇航员驻留空间站，随之完成大量实验，主动结果用 doing。 8. for 固定短语：apply for 申请（合作机会）。 9. to meet 不定式作目的状语：升级设备是为满足未来探测需求。 10. the 定冠词特指：powerful strength 后有后置定语 of China’s aerospace industry 限定，特指中国航天实力。 二、完形填空 passage 4 【新情境・坚持与自我成长】（2026・武汉武昌二模）Growth is never a smooth journey. It is full of setbacks, failures and unexpected difficulties. Many people tend to 1 easily when facing troubles, blaming fate or external conditions for their misfortunes. However, true growth begins the moment we stop complaining and choose to 2 difficulties bravely. I used to be a person who feared failure deeply. Whenever I failed exams or fell behind in study, I felt frustrated and 3 . I would give up halfway and never stick to my original goals. My teacher noticed my negative state and talked to me patiently. He told me that failure is not a 4 , but a necessary part of growth. Every mistake and failure teaches us a valuable 5 we never knew before. Gradually, I changed my 6 towards difficulties and failures. Instead of escaping from setbacks, I chose to analyze my mistakes carefully and 7 precious experience from every failure. When I met tough problems and heavy study pressure, I encouraged myself to hold on rather than 8 easily. Little by little, I became more confident, persistent and calm. I finally found that the biggest 9 in life is not failure itself, but the fear of failure in our hearts. Persistent efforts never 10 . After months of continuous hard work and scientific adjustment, my study performance improved steadily. I also learned an important life 11 : no pain, no gain. Success never comes 12 , and every progress is based on continuous efforts and self-breakthrough. Those who keep moving forward bravely will finally 13 their dreams and become better versions of themselves. Now I no longer avoid challenges. I take every difficulty as a chance to 14 myself. I believe that all hardships and setbacks are precious gifts on the road to growth, which will finally help us 15 stronger and more independent. 1. A. quit B. continue C. fight D. succeed 2. A. hide B. face C. avoid D. doubt 3. A. excited B. relaxed C. upset D. surprised 4. A. shame B. surprise C. secret D. disaster 5. A. lesson B. story C. method D. hobby 6. A. decision B. attitude C. plan D. dream 7. A. learn B. refuse C. borrow D. separate 8. A. give up B. take up C. get up D. pick up 9. A. advantage B. danger C. victory D. honor 10. A. appear B. fail C. waste D. exist 11. A. style B. skill C. lesson D. habit 12. A. slowly B. gradually C. suddenly D. easily 13. A. realize B. ignore C. forget D. doubt 14. A. protect B. improve C. treat D. trust 15. A. turn B. seem C. become D. prove 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.C 逐题解析： 1. A quit：很多人面对困境容易轻言放弃、半途而废。continue坚持，fight奋斗，succeed成功，均与后文抱怨逃避的心态相反。 2. B face：真正的成长始于停止抱怨、勇敢直面困境的那一刻。hide隐藏，avoid逃避，doubt怀疑，与主旨相悖。 3. C upset：考试失利、学习落后时，作者会沮丧低落、情绪消极。excited兴奋的，relaxed放松的，surprised惊讶的，不符负面情绪语境。 4. D disaster：老师开导作者，失败不是灾难，而是成长路上必不可少的历练。shame羞愧，surprise惊喜，secret秘密，不符语境。 5. A lesson：每一次失误与失败，都会教会我们全新的人生道理与经验。story故事，method方法，hobby爱好，不符句意。 6. B attitude：作者逐渐改变了面对挫折与困境的心态与态度。decision决定，plan计划，dream梦想，不符文意。 7. A learn：作者不再逃避挫折，而是复盘错误，从失败中汲取、学习经验。refuse拒绝，borrow借用，separate分离，不符语境。 8. A give up：遇到难题与压力，作者选择坚持拼搏，而非轻易放弃。take up从事，get up起床，pick up捡起，不符句意。 9. B danger：人生最大的阻碍与危险不是失败本身，而是内心对失败的恐惧。advantage优势，victory胜利，honor荣誉，不符主旨。 10. B fail：坚持不懈的努力永远不会白费、不会落空，终会有所回报。appear出现，waste浪费，exist存在，搭配不当。 11. C lesson：作者领悟到重要的人生哲理：一分耕耘，一分收获。style风格，skill技能，habit习惯，不符语境。 12. D easily：成功从不会轻易降临，所有进步都源于日积月累的努力与自我突破。slowly缓慢地，gradually逐渐地，suddenly突然地，不符句意。 13. A realize：持续奔赴目标的人，终会实现梦想，成为更好的自己。ignore忽视，forget忘记，doubt怀疑，不符文意。 14. B improve：作者将每一次困境都视为提升自我、磨砺自我的机会。protect保护，treat对待，trust信任，不符主旨。 15. C become：所有的艰难历练，最终都会让我们变得更强大、更独立。turn转变，seem似乎，prove证明，搭配与语境不符。 三、阅读理解 Passage5 【新情境・道教哲学】（2026・江苏南京・二模） Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply involved in philosophy and mythology. It is the source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Taoism, founded by Laozi, builds its core logic around the virtue of water. The Tao Te Ching states that the highest good is like water, which benefits all creatures without competing. Unlike rigid mountains that stand firm and resist change, water flows downward willingly, tolerates dirt and impurities, and bends around barriers rather than fighting them. This flexible humility became the standard ideal personality for Taoist scholars. Ancient Chinese gardens fully carry this philosophy. Designers dug winding streams, built shallow ponds and laid smooth stone paths beside water. Visitors walking along the water surface will calm their anxious minds and forget worldly struggles, reaching a state of quiet unity with nature called “harmony between human and Tao”. Modern urban planners have rediscovered this wisdom: many new community parks introduce natural water landscapes to relieve citizens’ mental pressure from fast-paced city life. 1. What does water symbolize in Taoism? A. Competition and ambition B. Gentleness and selflessness C. Rigidity and persistence D. Wealth and power 2. Why do modern cities build water parks? A. To copy ancient garden buildings B. To carry forward traditional art C. To ease people’s mental stress D. To protect rare water plants 3. Which word can replace “aesthetically” in Paragraph 1? A. artistically B. scientifically C. spiritually D. economically 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The history of Chinese classical gardens B. Laozi’s life story and great works C. The cultural meaning of water in Taoism D. Modern environmental protection policies 答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 第1题解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句，水滋养万物而不争、顺势而下、包容杂质，兼具温柔（gentle）与无私（selfless）的特质，是道教的核心美德象征。A（竞争野心）、C（僵硬固执）与文意相反，D（财富权力）无中生有。故选B。 第2题解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句，现代城市打造水景公园，目的是缓解快节奏城市生活带来的精神压力。A（复刻古园林）、B（弘扬传统艺术）并非核心目的，D（保护珍稀水生植物）文中未提及。故选C。 第3题解析：词义猜测题。划线词所在句意为“水在中国艺术与建筑中具备极强的审美价值”。aesthetically 意为“审美地、艺术地”，与 artistically 同义。scientifically（科学地）、spiritually（精神地）、economically（经济地）均不符合语境。故选A。 第4题解析：主旨大意题。全文围绕道教中水的哲学文化内涵展开，从道家核心思想、古典园林应用、现代城市借鉴三个层面论述。A、B仅为局部细节，D偏离文章主题。故选C。 拔高预测 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境・道教哲学】（2026・江苏南京・二模）Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply 1. ________ (involve) in philosophy and mythology. It is 2. ________ source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically (审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Laozi, founder of Taoism, admired water most. He wrote that water benefits all things yet never competes,3. ________ (make) it the perfect model of virtue. Unlike rigid stone or towering mountains, water adapts 4. ________ any container it enters, teaching people to stay modest and flexible. Many classical gardens across China design winding streams 5. ________ (reflect) this Taoist idea. Even the ancient saying “the highest good is like water” 6. ________ (pass) down for thousands of years, 7. ________ (carry) the core spirit of harmonious coexistence. Nowadays, environmental activists take inspiration 8. ________ this ancient wisdom, calling on the public 9. ________ (protect) water resources. Water, simple and ordinary, tells us 10. ________ true balance between human beings and nature really means. 答案1.involved 2. the 3. making 4. to 5. to reflect 6.has been passed 7. carrying 8. from 9. to protect 10. what 逐空解析 1. involved 非谓语固定搭配：be involved in（参与、融入），此处过去分词作伴随状语，表被动含义 “深度融入道家哲学”。 2. the 定冠词特指：the source of peace 特指 “古人心中宁静的源泉”，source 后有限定短语修饰，必须用 the。 3. making 现在分词作结果状语：前面老子赞美水的整件事，自然而然带来 “使其成为美德典范” 的结果，主动关系用 doing。 4. to 固定介词搭配：adapt to sth. 适应某物。 5. to reflect 不定式作目的状语：园林修建蜿蜒溪流，目的是体现道家思想，表目的用 to do。 6. has been passed 现在完成时被动：时间状语 for thousands of years（数千年）用现在完成时；谚语是 “被代代相传”，主语 saying 与 pass down 被动关系。 7. carrying 现在分词作伴随状语：谚语流传的同时承载和谐共生理念，主动伴随用 doing。 8. from 固定搭配：take inspiration from 从…… 汲取灵感。 9. to protect 固定句式：call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事。 10. what 宾语从句引导词：tells us 后接宾语从句，从句 means 缺少宾语，表 “…… 的事物” 用 what。 Passage 2 【新情境・中国天宫空间站】（2026・苏锡常镇四市・高三调研一） China’s space station, named Tiangong, orbits Earth at 1. ________ altitude of about 400 kilometers. Astronauts living there conduct experiments 2. ________ (aim) at advancing global scientific knowledge. The station 3. ________ (equip) with ultra-modern facilities, making long-term human residence in outer space possible. What surprises space researchers most is 4. ________ efficiently all core systems operate. The Tianhe core module serves as living quarters and central control center, while Wentian and Mengtian lab modules provide space 5. ________ various scientific tests. Since its official completion in late 2022, dozens of astronauts 6. ________ (stay) inside Tiangong, 7. ________ (complete) hundreds of experiments in medicine, material science and astronomy. Many international scientists apply 8. ________ cooperation opportunities, hoping to send their research projects to the station. Chinese engineers keep upgrading the station’s functions9. ________ (meet) future exploration demands. Tiangong fully proves 10. ________ powerful strength of China’s aerospace industry. 答案1.an 2. aiming 3. is equipped 4. how 5. for 6.have stayed 7. completing 8. for 9. to meet 10. the 逐空解析 1. an 不定冠词：altitude 元音音素开头，at an altitude of 在…… 高度。 2. aiming 现在分词作后置定语：experiments aim at…（实验旨在……），主动关系用 aiming。 3. is equipped 一般现在时被动：固定搭配 be equipped with 配备；描述空间站固有配置，常态用一般现在时。 4. how 表语从句引导词：副词 how 修饰副词 efficiently，意为 “系统运行效率有多高”。 5. for 介词表用途：provide space for… 为…… 提供空间。 6. have stayed 现在完成时：Since 引导过去时间点作状语，主句用现在完成时；主语 astronauts 复数。 7. completing 现在分词作结果状语：宇航员驻留空间站，随之完成大量实验，主动结果用 doing。 8. for 固定短语：apply for 申请（合作机会）。 9. to meet 不定式作目的状语：升级设备是为满足未来探测需求。 10.the 定冠词特指：powerful strength 后有后置定语 of China’s aerospace industry 限定，特指中国航天实力。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 passage 3 【新情境・时令饮食生态反思成长记叙文】（2026 济宁二模） I never knew a chance encounter was to change my career forever. One snowy December day, I wandered out of my New York apartment and ____21____ for a grocery store on Third Ave. Behind me someone shouted, “Where can I find peaches?” I turned around to ____22____an annoyed woman standing outside the greengrocer’s. The absurdity (荒谬) of the moment____23____ me — why must someone buy peaches in the middle of winter? I was already____24____of the issues facing the food system: industrialized farming destroying our soils, unclear supply chains leaving citizens ____25____ in making the right buying decisions, and the ____26____ of ultra-processed foods with zero nutritional value in supermarkets, schools and hospitals, to name a few. But this moment underscored our serious ____27____with nature and its seasons. We had ____28____ the idea that food could and should be eaten any time of the year. Too terrible! An inner voice whispered: “Do something to ____29____seasonal flavour into people’s lives.” After graduation, ____30____ by the skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and energy of the Big Apple, I landed a decent job with a____31____salary, managing financial investment for clients. Yet my work was stuck in an undercurrent of greed that I struggled to ____32____. Now it was time. I was ____33____my 40s. If I did not act now, it would be too late. An urgency____34____ and food became my “North Star”. That was the launcher that ____35____me from a New York skyscraper to a London food market. 21. A. spoke B. cheered C. worked D. headed 22. A. spot B. hit C. approach D. comfort 23. A. amused B. tricked C. struck D. hurt 24. A. afraid B. aware C. ashamed D. careful 25. A. impatient B. reasonable C. picky D. powerless 26. A. assessment B. prejudice C. dominance D. classification 27. A. dissatisfaction B. disconnect C. familiarity D. mixture 28. A. normalized B. finalized C. commercialized D. prioritized 29. A. program B. fold C. channel D. transform 30. A. greeted B. attracted C. surrounded D. refreshed 31. A. flexible B. basic C. handsome D. fair 32. A. escape B. maintain C. interpret D. reveal 33. A. averaging B. nearing C. braving D. battling 34. A. kicked in B. built up C. passed by D. caught on 35. A. witnessed B. accompanied C. saved D. shot 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了作者因为一次购物的时候，发现一个女人要冬天买桃子，意识到食品系统面临的问题:人们与自然及其季节严重脱节。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：12月一个下雪的日子，我走出纽约的公寓，向第三大道的一家杂货店走去。A. spoke说话；B. cheered欢呼；C. worked工作；D. headed前往。根据后文“for a grocery store”指作者前往杂货店。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我转过身来，看见一个生气的女人站在蔬菜水果店外面。A. spot发现；B. hit打击；C. approach靠近；D. comfort安慰。根据前文“ Behind me someone shouted, “Where can I find peaches?””可知，作者看到了一个生气的女人。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一荒谬的时刻触动了我——为什么一定要有人在大冬天买桃子呢？A. amused娱乐；B. tricked欺骗；C. struck打击；D. hurt伤害。根据后文“me — why must someone buy peaches in the middle of winter?”可知，作者开始好奇为什么冬天要买桃子，说明被触动了。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经意识到食品系统面临的问题：工业化农业破坏了我们的土壤，不明确的供应链使公民无力做出正确的购买决定，以及超市、学校和医院中毫无营养价值的超加工食品占主导地位，等等。A. afraid害怕的；B. aware意识到的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. careful仔细的。根据后文“of the issues facing the food system: industrialized farming destroying our soils”可知，作者意识到食品系统面临的问题。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经意识到食品系统面临的问题：工业化农业破坏了我们的土壤，不明确的供应链使公民无力做出正确的购买决定，以及超市、学校和医院中毫无营养价值的超加工食品占主导地位，等等。A. impatient无耐心的；B. reasonable合理的；C. picky挑剔的；D. powerless无力的。根据上文“unclear supply chains leaving citizens”以及后文“in making the right buying decisions”可知，不明确的供应链使公民无力做出正确的购买决定，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经意识到食品系统面临的问题：工业化农业破坏了我们的土壤，不明确的供应链使公民无力做出正确的购买决定，以及超市、学校和医院中毫无营养价值的超加工食品占主导地位，等等。A. assessment评估；B. prejudice偏见；C. dominance优势；D. classification分类。根据后文“of ultra-processed foods with zero nutritional value in supermarkets, schools and hospitals, to name a few”以及上文列举的问题，超市、学校和医院中毫无营养价值的超加工食品占主导地位，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这一时刻凸显了我们与自然及其季节的严重脱节。A. dissatisfaction不满意；B. disconnect切断，脱离；C. familiarity精通；D. mixture混合体。根据上文“why must someone buy peaches in the middle of winter?”可知，冬天买桃子凸显了我们与自然及其季节的严重脱节。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经把食物可以而且应该在一年中的任何时候吃的想法正常化了。A. normalize规范化；B. finalized完成；C. commercialized商业化；D. prioritized优先化。根据后文“the idea that food could and should be eaten any time of the year”以及上文女人要冬天买桃子，说明把食物可以而且应该在一年中的任何时候吃的想法正常化了。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：内心有个声音在低语：“做点什么，把季节性的味道引入人们的生活。”A. program项目；B. fold折叠；C. channel引入；D. transform改变。根据后文“seasonal flavour into people’s lives”指把季节性的味道引入人们的生活。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，被纽约的摩天大楼和活力所吸引，我找到了一份薪水丰厚的体面工作，为客户管理金融投资。A. greeted问候；B. attracted吸引；C. surrounded围绕；D. refreshed使恢复精神。根据后文“by the skyscrapers and energy of the Big Apple, I landed a decent job with a”可知，作者被纽约的摩天大楼和活力所吸引，在纽约找了工作。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕业后，被纽约的摩天大楼和活力所吸引，我找到了一份薪水丰厚的体面工作，为客户管理金融投资。A. flexible灵活的；B. basic基本的；C. handsome可观的；优厚的；D. fair公平的。根据上文“I landed a decent job”可知，作者找到了一份薪水丰厚的体面工作，handsome salary表示“丰厚的薪水”。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的作品陷入了一股贪婪的暗流，我努力想要摆脱它。A. escape逃走；B. maintain维持；C. interpret解释；D. reveal揭露。根据上文“Yet my work was stuck in an undercurrent of greed that I struggled to”可知，作者陷入了一股贪婪的暗流，作者努力想要摆脱它。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我快40岁了。A. averaging平均；B. nearing接近；C. braving勇敢面对；D. battling战斗。根据后文“If I did not act now, it would be too late.(如果我现在不采取行动，就太晚了)”可知，作者快40岁了。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一种紧迫感袭来，食物成了我的“北极星”。A. kicked in开始；B. built up建立；C. passed by路过；D. caught on捕捉。根据上文“If I did not act now, it would be too late.(如果我现在不采取行动，就太晚了)”可知，作者年纪大了，开始有了紧迫感。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那就是把我从纽约摩天大楼射到伦敦食品市场的发射装置。A. witnessed目击；B. accompanied陪伴；C. saved挽救；D. shot射击。根据前文“ If I did not act now, it would be too late.”和后文“from a New York skyscraper to a London food market”可知，作者想要做点什么，因此推断此处用把作者从纽约摩天大楼射到伦敦食品市场的发射装置，说明作者辞去了在纽约摩天大楼的工作，来到了食品市场。故选D。 三、阅读理解 Passage 4 【新情境・航天科技】（2026・山东济南・二模） China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System has completed its global layout and brought revolutionary changes to agriculture, transportation and disaster relief. Unlike foreign positioning systems, Beidou has exclusive short-message communication function, allowing users to send text information even in remote areas without mobile signals. In mountainous farmlands of southwest China, farmers carry Beidou smart terminals on tractors. The system accurately marks field boundaries, controls seeding density and calculates water demand for crops, cutting farming costs by nearly 30%. During flood seasons, local governments fix Beidou sensors on river banks; once water levels rise beyond safety lines, the system automatically sends early warnings to villagers’ mobile phones within 10 seconds. Fishermen sailing far into the ocean benefit most from short-message service. In the past, when storms hit open sea, fishing boats lost contact with the coast easily. Now captains can send location and distress information via Beidou at any time, greatly lowering the death rate of maritime accidents. Experts point out that Beidou is not merely a satellite tool, but a national public infrastructure supporting high-quality social development. 4. What special function does Beidou own? A. Global real-time video call B. Offline short-message communication C. Automatic weather forecasting D. Free international roaming service 5. How does Beidou help farmers? A. It sells agricultural products online B. It reduces farming input costs C. It transports crops automatically D. It develops new plant varieties 6. What can we infer about fishing before Beidou? A. Fishermen could get timely storm warnings B. Boats often lost connection at sea C. Maritime accidents never happened D. All fishing grounds had mobile signals 7. The text is most likely from ____. A. a travel brochure B. a biology textbook C. a science news report D. a farming advertisement 答案与详细解析 答案：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 第1题解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句，北斗区别于其他定位系统的独有功能是无手机信号区域可发送离线短消息。A、C、D功能文中均未提及。故选B。 第2题解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句，北斗智能设备可精准管控农田、节约农资，使农业成本降低近30%，即减少农业投入成本。A（线上售粮）、C（自动运输作物）、D（培育新品种）无中生有。故选B。 第3题解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句，在北斗投入使用前，海上遭遇风暴时渔船极易与海岸失去联系。A、C与文意相悖，D绝对化且不符合原文。故选B。 第4题解析：文章出处题。本文客观介绍北斗系统在农业、防灾、渔业的应用，属于科技科普内容，最可能出自科技新闻报道。A（旅游手册）、B（生物课本）、D（农业广告）均不符合文体。故选C。 Passage5 【新情境・文理交融人物书评科普文】（2026 济宁二模） At first glance, the scientist Charles Darwin and the poet Emily Dickinson would seem to have little in common. In Natural Magic, literary scholar Renee Bergland seeks to convince the reader otherwise, interweaving the lives, work, and history of these two towering figures of the 19th century. In doing so, Bergland shows definitively that they shared deep sensibilities about the natural world. They were both keen observers in their own home gardens. For both, the “magic” of nature could be found in the physical and material rather than the supernatural. They found nature to be a place enchanted by its own mysteries, joys, and sorrows. Taking the form of a joint biography (传记), Natural Magic alternates between Darwin and Dickinson over the course of 16 chapters, progressing simultaneously (同时地) in time. While Bergland offers comprehensive descriptions, building on the extensive work of other biographers and scholars, the book’s own magic shines in the conversation created between its subjects’ bodies of work. When viewed as part of a historical dialogue, Darwin and Dickinson amplify (阐发) each other’s work, revealing the science in her poetry and the poetry in his science. Natural Magic further situates both writers in the history of science as it developed from “natural philosophy” into specialized disciplines throughout the 19th century. Bergland lays extensive groundwork for the social and cultural forces that shaped each thinker in a time when the sciences and arts were more closely connected. Bergland herself displays moments of beauty in her writing, particularly in her vivid descriptions of the wonder of scientific discoveries in the 19th century. “Changing angles of sunlight, the unchanging stars, and... the bright colors of the great auroras lightened up the vastness of planetary space,” she writes, for example. Ultimately, the book offers readers a historical and biographical look into the magic offered by the natural world as reflected in the works of two major 19th-century thinkers. Bergland concludes that in a time of climate crisis, we must recover this kind of dialogue across the sciences and the arts, emphasizing our shared sense of wonder in nature. 12. What does Bergland aim to demonstrate about Darwin and Dickinson? A. Their inborn talents. B. Their great achievements. C. Their literary background. D. Their unseen commonalities. 13. What can be learned concerning Natural Magic? A. It creates dialogues between works. B. It is a co-authored masterpiece. C. It contradicts other scholars’ views. D. It focuses on natural philosophy. 14. Which best describes Bergland’s language in describing the wonder of scientific discoveries? A. Straightforward. B. Academic. C. Humorous. D. Poetic. 15. Which of the following might Bergland agree with? A. History should never be forgotten. B. Nature should be treated with awe. C. Wonder is the beginning of wisdom. D. The dawn of science came too late. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文学学者蕾妮·伯格兰通过《自然魔法》一书来介绍科学家查尔斯·达尔文和诗人艾米莉·狄金森的共性。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“At first glance, the scientist Charles Darwin and the poet Emily Dickinson would seem to have little in common. In Natural Magic, literary scholar Renee Bergland seeks to convince the reader otherwise, interweaving the lives, work, and history of these two towering figures of the 19th century. In doing so, Bergland shows definitively that they shared deep sensibilities about the natural world. They were both keen observers in their own home gardens. For both, the “magic” of nature could be found in the physical and material rather than the supernatural. They found nature to be a place enchanted by its own mysteries, joys, and sorrows.(乍一看，科学家查尔斯·达尔文和诗人艾米莉·狄金森似乎没有什么共同点。在《自然魔法》一书中，文学学者蕾妮·伯格兰试图说服读者，她将这两位19世纪杰出人物的生活、作品和历史交织在一起。在这样做的过程中，伯格兰明确地表明，他们对自然世界有着深刻的感情。他们都是自家花园里敏锐的观察者。对于两者来说，自然的“魔力”可以在物理和物质中找到，而不是超自然的。他们发现大自然是一个被自己的神秘、欢乐和悲伤迷住的地方)”可知，伯格兰想要证明达尔文和狄金森看不见的共性。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“While Bergland offers comprehensive descriptions, building on the extensive work of other biographers and scholars, the book’s own magic shines in the conversation created between its subjects’ bodies of work.(虽然伯格兰在其他传记作家和学者的大量著作的基础上提供了全面的描述，但这本书的魅力在于其主题之间的对话)”可知，《自然魔法》创造了作品之间的对话。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Bergland herself displays moments of beauty in her writing, particularly in her vivid descriptions of the wonder of scientific discoveries in the 19th century. “Changing angles of sunlight, the unchanging stars, and... the bright colors of the great auroras lightened up the vastness of planetary space,” she writes, for example.(伯格兰本人也在她的作品中展现了美丽的瞬间，尤其是在她对19世纪科学发现奇迹的生动描述中。“不断变化的阳光角度，不变的星星，还有……大极光的明亮色彩照亮了广阔的行星空间，”她写道)”可知，Bergland的语言是富有诗意的。故选D。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bergland concludes that in a time of climate crisis, we must recover this kind of dialogue across the sciences and the arts, emphasizing our shared sense of wonder in nature.(伯格兰总结说，在气候危机时期，我们必须恢复科学和艺术之间的这种对话，强调我们对自然的共同惊奇感)”可知，Bergland认为应该敬畏大自然。故选B。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $