内容正文:
中考英语语法专项突破:过去进行时精讲&分层精练
过去进行时是中考的必考时态,常在单项选择、动词填空、完形填空和句型转换中考查,尤其喜欢和一般过去时搭配在“长动作被打断”的语境中出现。掌握好它,时态题能稳稳拿分。我们从考点梳理、易错突破、真题精析、口诀助记到实战练习,一次性讲透!
一、考点梳理:构成、用法、时间状语
1. 构成
was / were + 动词的现在分词 (doing)
人称
肯定式
否定式
一般疑问式
I / He / She / It
I was doing...
was not (wasn’t) doing...
Was I doing...?
We / You / They
They were doing...
were not (weren’t) doing...
Were they doing...?
2. 三大核心用法
① 表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作
强调某个时间点动作正在发生。
I was doing my homework at 8 o’clock last night. (昨晚8点我正在写作业)
② 表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作
强调某段时间动作一直在持续。
They were working on the farm all the morning. (他们整个早上都在农场干活)
③ 用于复合句中,表示一个长动作(进行)被另一个短动作(发生)打断
长动作用过去进行时,短动作用一般过去时。
I was reading a novel when the phone rang. (电话响时我正在看小说)
While mother was cooking, the doorbell rang. (妈妈做饭时门铃响了)
④ 表示两个动作同时进行(对比或并列)
常由 while 连接,两边都用过去进行时。
I was singing while she was dancing. (我在唱歌,她在跳舞)
3. 常用时间状语
精准时刻:at this time yesterday, at 9 o’clock last night, at that moment/at that time
时间段:all the morning, the whole afternoon, from 2 to 4 yesterday
从句引导词:when(当…时),while(正当…的时候)
二、易错点专项突破
1. 过去进行时 vs. 一般过去时
最常混淆!记住核心区别:
过去进行时
一般过去时
侧重点
动作在过去某时正在进行、持续、未完成
动作在过去完成,陈述过去事实
典型标志
有具体过去时间点+正在做
无明确时刻,只表示“干了某事”
对比:
I was reading a storybook last night. (昨晚我在看故事书——强调看的过程,可能没看完)
I read a storybook last night. (昨晚我看了一本故事书——表示看完了)
注意:如果句中有精准过去时间点(如 at 9 o’clock last night)询问动作,必须用过去进行时。
— What were you doing at 10 last night? — I was sleeping.
2. when 与 while 的选用(高频陷阱)
连接词
接的动词类型
从句常用时态
常见句式
when
既可接短暂性动词,也可接延续性动词
一般过去时 / 过去进行时
主过进 + when + 主过
主过 + when + 主过进
while
只能接延续性动词
通常用过去进行时
While + 主过进, 主过进/主过
✅ I was walking along the street when I met my teacher. (met 短暂,when 通用)
✅ The students were talking when the teacher came in.
❌ While he arrived, I was cooking. (arrived 是短暂动词,不能用 while)
✅ While I was cooking, he arrived. (while 从句用延续性动词,正确)
✅ While I was reading, my mother was knitting. (两个同时进行,两边都用进行时)
记忆技巧:
when 是“那一刻”,管不着动词长短;
while 是“在…期间”,从句动词必须能延续;
短暂动词(come, arrive, leave, begin, die, open 等)绝对不能跟在 while 后。
3. 瞬间动词的过去进行时——表“过去将来”
部分瞬间动词(go, come, leave, start, arrive, fly, move 等)的过去进行时,可以表示 从过去看将要发生的动作,常用于宾语从句中(主句过去时)。
He said he was leaving for Beijing soon. (他说他不久就要去北京了。)
I asked him when he was coming back. (我问他什么时候回来。)
4. 与 always 等连用,表感情色彩
过去进行时与 always, forever 等词连用,可以表示 过去反复发生且带有感情色彩(厌烦、赞扬等) 的动作。
He was always losing his keys. (他老是丢钥匙。——表示厌烦)
She was always helping others. (她总是帮助别人。——表示赞赏)
三、中考模拟精析
1. — I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered.
— Oh, I ______ a shower at that time.
A. take B. took C. was taking D. will take
答案:C
解析:at that time 指过去那个时刻,强调那时正在做某事,用过去进行时。
2. I ______ along the river when I heard a girl calling for help.
A. walk B. walked C. was walking D. am walking
答案:C
解析:when 引导的从句用一般过去时(heard),主句长动作正在发生,用过去进行时。
3. — Did you hear someone knock at the door?
— No, I ______ to my MP3 at that moment.
A. listen B. was listening C. listened D. will listen
答案:B
解析:at that moment 精准过去时刻,当时正在听音乐,用过去进行时。
4. While my sister ______ the piano, I was doing my homework.
A. plays B. was playing C. is playing D. played
答案:B
解析:while 引导延续动作,通常用过去进行时,且后半句也是进行时,表示两动作同时进行。
5. Mr. Green told us that he ______ for Paris the next week.
A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. was leaving
答案:D
解析:主句为过去时(told),宾语从句用对应过去时态,“下周出发”是从过去看将来,用过去进行时表过去将来。
四、技巧记忆口诀
过去进行很好记, was/were 再加 -ing。
精准时间点,动作正在这里停。
when 短来 while 长,长动打断短动忙。
while 两边用进行,同时发生不慌忙。
瞬间动词表“将去”,离开到达未来详。
中考英语过去进行时分层精练
考点一:过去进行时基本结构与时间标志词
【考点精讲】
1. 定义:表示过去某个具体时刻 / 时间段,正在发生、进行的动作。
2. 基本结构 肯定:主语 + was/were + doing(现在分词) was 搭配:I /he/she / 单数名词 / 不可数名词 were 搭配:we /you/they / 复数名词
3. 否定式:wasn’t / weren’t + doing
4. 一般疑问:Was/Were + 主语 + doing...?
5. 高频时间标志词(必背) at 8:00 yesterday、at that time、then、this time last night、from 7 to 9 last evening、when/while 引导的过去时间状语
基础过关:用 was /were 填空
1. I ______ reading books at nine last night.
2. They ______ playing football this time yesterday.
3. My mother ______ cooking dinner at that moment.
4. ______ your sister watching TV at 7 p.m. yesterday?
5. We ______ not doing our homework then.
能力提升:写出动词现在分词形式
1.play ______ 2. run ______ 3. sit ______ 4. write ______ 5. swim ______
6.make ______ 7. stop ______ 8. lie ______
中考拔高:用 was/were doing 完成句子
1. 昨天这个时候我正在打扫房间。
I ______ ______ my room this time yesterday.
2. 昨晚八点他们没有在打游戏。
They ______ ______ computer games at eight last night.
考点二:when 与 while 引导时间状语从句(中考单选必考)
【考点精讲】
1. when(当…… 时):后面常接一般过去时(短暂性动词),主句常用过去进行时 结构:主句 (was/were doing) + when + 从句 (一般过去时) 含义:一个动作正在进行,这时突然发生另一个短暂动作。
2. while(与此同时):后面常接过去进行时(延续性动词),强调两个动作同时进行 结构:主句 (was/were doing) + while + 从句 (was/were doing)
3. 口诀:when 接瞬间动,while 两边进行时。
分层精练
基础过关:单项选择
1. I was doing my homework ______ my father came back home.
A. while B. when C. since
2. My mother was washing clothes ______ my father was reading newspapers.
A. when B. while C. if
能力提升:用 when /while 填空
1. He was walking along the street ______ he met his old friend.
2. ______ she was cooking, her husband was watering flowers in the garden.
中考拔高:句型改写
He was sleeping. The telephone rang.(合并句子)
He ______ ______ when the telephone rang.
考点三:过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 辨析(核心易混考点)
【考点精讲】
1. 过去进行时 (was/were doing):侧重过去动作正在进行、未完成,强调过程。
2. 一般过去时 (did):侧重过去动作已经结束、完成,强调结果。
例句: I read a book yesterday.(读完了)
I was reading a book at 3 p.m. yesterday.(下午三点正在读,没读完)
分层精练
基础过关:选词填空(did /was doing)
1. She ______ (watch) a movie last Sunday.(看完电影)
2. She ______ ______ (watch) a movie at 3 o’clock last Sunday.(当时正在看)
能力提升:用所给动词适当形式填空
1. Tom ______ (eat) an apple just now.
2. Tom ______ ______ (eat) an apple when I walked in.
中考拔高:单选辨析
1. —What ______ you ______ at 9:00 last night?
—I ______ TV.
A. did; do; watched B. were; doing; was watching
2. I ______ (buy) a new pen yesterday.(buy 为瞬间动词,只用一般过去时)
考点四:过去进行时否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句转换
【考点精讲】
1. 变否定:直接在 was/were 后加 not,缩写 wasn’t/weren’t。 He was running. → He wasn’t running.
2. 变疑问:把 was/were 提前至句首,其余语序不变。 Were they working?
3. 特殊疑问:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序 What were you doing at that time?
分层精练
基础过关:句型转换
1. She was drawing a picture.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ a picture.
2. They were having class this time yesterday.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
_____ they ______ class this time yesterday?
Yes, ______ ______.
能力提升:对划线部分提问
We were playing basketball at 4 p.m. yesterday.
______ ______ you ______ at 4 p.m. yesterday?
中考拔高:同义改写
The girl was singing in the room.(改为一般疑问句,否定回答)
考点五:高频易错改错 + 篇章语法填空(中考大题题型)
【考点精讲】
常见 5 大错误:
1. 主谓不一致:He were reading.(were→was)
2. 现在分词拼写错误:runing→running;writeing→writing
3. when/while 混用;
4. 短暂性动词不能用于进行时:come/go/arrive/buy 不用 was coming;
5. 时态混用,时刻点用过去进行时,时间段完成动作用一般过去时。
分层精练
能力提升:单句改错(每句一处错误,划出并改正)
1. I were doing my homework at eight last night. ____________
2. While I got up, my mom was cooking breakfast. ____________
3. They were watch a movie this time last evening. ____________
中考拔高:短文语法填空(用正确形式填空)
It was 7:30 yesterday evening. My family ______ (be) all busy. My father ______ (read) a newspaper. My mother ______ (wash) dishes in the kitchen. My little brother ______ (play) with toys ______ I was doing my English homework. Suddenly, the light went out. We stopped what we ______ (do).
考点六:综合运用(完成句子 + 微写作)
分层精练
基础综合:汉译英
1. 昨天这个时刻,他们正在公园里散步。
They ______ ______ a walk in the park this time yesterday.
2. 当大雨来临时,我们正在操场上跑步。
We ______ ______ on the playground when the heavy rain came.
中考拔高:微写作
要求:写 3~4 句话,描述昨天晚上 7 点你的家人正在做的事,必须使用过去进行时。
参考答案与解析
考点一
基础:1.was 2.were 3.was 4.Was 5.were 分词:1.playing 2.running 3.sitting 4.writing 5.swimming 6.making 7.stopping 8.lying 拔高:1.was cleaning 2.weren’t playing
考点二
单选:1.B 2.B 填空:1.when 2.While 拔高:was sleeping
考点三
基础:1.watched 2.was watching 能力:1.ate 2.was eating 拔高:1.B 2.bought
考点四
句型转换
1. wasn’t drawing
2. Were; having; they were 提问:What were; doing 拔高:Was the girl singing in the room? No, she wasn’t.
考点五
改错 1.were→was 2.While→When watch.→watching 篇章填空:were; was reading; was washing; was playing; while; were doing
考点六
完成句子 1.were taking/having 2.were running 写作范文 At 7 o’clock last night, my father was reading newspapers on the sofa. My mother was cleaning the living room. I was doing my English homework carefully. We were all busy but happy.
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