Unit 1 A New Start语法(八大句型)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语必修第一册(新高一)新课预习

2026-07-03
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语外研版必修第一册
年级 高一
章节 Using language
类型 学案-学习任务单
知识点 -
使用场景 初升高衔接
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 44 KB
发布时间 2026-07-03
更新时间 2026-07-03
作者 大宝熊
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-07-03
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Unit1 A New Start语法讲解与练习 八大句型详细讲解(教材标准) 一、课前基础: 所有长句、复合句都由简单句演变而来,判断句子结构只看主干(主语+谓语 +后面必备成分),定语、状语都是附加修饰,不改变句型骨架。 先明确基础术语: 1. S = Subject 主语 动作的发出者;句子描述的主体,一般由名词、代词充当。 例句(取自题目原句) I saw a white-haired man. I(我)是发出 “看见” 这个动作的人,为本句主语。 His words made me a lot more relaxed. His words (他的话)是让我放松的主体,为本句主语。 2. V = Verb 谓语(分 3类,每类配例句) 谓语是句子核心动词,决定句子结构,分为:不及物动词 vi、及物动词 vt、 系动词 link v ① 不及物动词 vi:后面不能直接加宾语,语义自身完整 I replied. reply(回应)本身意思完整,不需要加 “回应谁”,无宾语; ② 及物动词 vt:后面必须接动作对象(宾语),否则句意残缺 I saw a white-haired man. see(看见)必须说明 “看见什么人 /物”,缺少宾语句子不成立。 ③ 系动词 link v:无实际动作,只起连接作用,后接表语描述主语 I was embarrassed. was(be 动词)没有 “做某事” 的动作,只连接主语 I 和形容词 embarrassed,说明我的状态。 3. O = Object 宾语:动作的承受对象,分间接宾语 IO、直接宾语 DO ① IO 间接宾语:多指人,动作针对的对象 ② DO 直接宾语:多指物,动作真正作用的事物 He gave me a smile. IO 间接宾语:me(我),“给予” 这个动作针对的人 DO 直接宾语:a smile(一抹微笑),“给予” 的实物 4. P = Predicative表语 跟在系动词后,专门描述主语的情绪/身份/外貌/状态,去掉后主系动词句子不完整。 I was embarrassed. 系动词 was 后面的 embarrassed(尴尬的)是表语,用来描述主语 I 的心情。 5. C = Complement 补足语(此处只讲宾语补足语宾补 OC) 放在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的状态 / 身份;如果删掉,整句话语义残缺不通顺。 His words made me a lot more relaxed. 宾语是 me,a lot more relaxed 用来补充说明 “我” 的状态; 若去掉宾补:His words made me. 句子语义不完整。 6. 修饰成分(定语 +状语,不改变句子主干结构) 修饰成分属于附加信息,删除后句子主干依然完整。 (1)定语:专门修饰、限定名词,翻译常带 “…… 的” 例句:I saw a white-haired man. white-haired(白发的)修饰名词 man,是前置定语。 (2)状语:修饰动词、整句话,表方式、时间、地点、程度 分两类例句: *副词作状语:I breathed deeply. deeply(深深地)修饰动词 breathed,表动作方式; *介词短语作状语:I looked at them in panic. in panic(慌张地)修饰动作 looked at,描述看的时候的状态。 综合完整长句拆解练习(一句看懂所有成分) 句子:His words made me a lot more relaxed in class. S主语:His words V谓语(及物动词 vt):made O宾语:me C宾补:a lot more relaxed 状语(地点):in class(修饰整句,不影响主干 SVO C) 二、逐句精细拆解8句型,标注主干+修饰成分+句型 句型 1:S + Vi 主语 + 不及物动词(主谓) 核心规则: 谓语为不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,不加状语句意已经完整;无被动语态。 课本高频不及物动词 arrive, happen, rise, smile, breathe, agree, appear 教材例句(校园场景) 1.I replied. 我做出了回应。(课文原句) 2.The big day arrived. 重要的那天到来了。(课文原句) 3.The rain stopped. 雨停了。 易错点 不及物动词接地点必须加介词: ❌ I arrived the campus. ✅ I arrived at the campus. 句型 2:S + Vi + A 主语 +不及物动词 +状语(主谓状 SVA) 核心规则 不及物动词后搭配状语(副词/介词短语),补充动作时间、地点、方式。 状语类型:副词、地点短语、时间短语 教材例句 1.I breathed deeply. 我深呼吸。(课文原句) 2.He talked loudly. 他大声说话。(课文原句) 3.The old man walks on campus every morning. 那位老人每天早上在校园散步。 4.Time passed quickly. 时光飞逝。 句型 3:S + Vt + O 主语 +及物动词 +宾语(主谓宾 SVO) 核心规则 及物动词必须搭配宾语,动作有承受对象;宾语可名词、代词、to do、doing、从句。 课本高频及物动词 like, accept, finish, forget, enjoy, mind 教材例句 1.He wrote a long letter. 他写了一封长信。(课文原句) 2.We learn English every day. 我们每天学英语。 3.I don’t know his name. 我不知道他的名字。 高一必考宾语形式 to do:want to make new friends doing:enjoy reading novels 从句:I believe school life is wonderful. 句型 4:S + Vt + O + A 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 状语(主谓宾状 SVOA) 核心规则 主谓宾基础上增加地点、时间、程度状语,写作最常用拓展句型。 教材例句 1.I like to stay in the classroom after class. 下课后我喜欢待在教室。 2.We planted trees around our campus last spring. 去年春天我们在校园周边种树。 3.She looked at the photos on the blackboard. 她看着黑板上的照片。 句型 5:S + Link.V + P 主语 + 系动词 + 表语(主系表 SVP) 三大类系动词(课本分类) 1.be 动词:am/is/are/was/were(基础系动词) 2.感官系动词:look, sound, smell, taste, feel 3.变化/状态系动词:become, get, turn, keep, stay, seem 表语可充当:名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式 教材原句 1.I was embarrassed. 我很尴尬。 2.He was friendly. 他待人友善。 3.The campus was quiet. 校园十分安静。 4.The plan sounds great. 这个计划听起来很棒。 易错区分 look(系动词+形容词)vs look at(实义动词+宾语) ❌ He looks happily. ✅ He looks happy. 句型 6:S + Vt + IO + DO 主语 +动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语(主谓双宾) 定义 IO 间接宾语 =人;DO 直接宾语 =物,两种互换结构 1.S + V +人+物 2.S + V +物+ to /for +人 1)搭配 to(传递、给予类,课本高频) give, pass, show, tell, send, hand He gave me a smile. = He gave a smile to me.(课文原句) I passed him a book. = I passed a book to him.(课文原句) 2)搭配 for(制作、购买类) buy, cook, make, draw My mum bought me a notebook. = My mum bought a notebook for me. 句型 7:S + Vt + O + OC 主语 +动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语(主谓宾补 SVOC) 核心逻辑 宾补用来补充说明宾语,删掉宾补句子语义残缺,是本单元难点。 七种宾补形式(必修一全覆盖) 1.形容词作宾补:Keep our classroom clean. 2.名词作宾补:We call our teacher Miss Li. 3.不带to不定式(感官/使役动词:make/let/see/hear/watch) His words made me relaxed.(课文原句) I saw him enter the library. ✨考点:主动省to,被动还原to We made him wait. → He was made to wait. 4.带 to 不定式(ask/tell/want/invite) My teacher told me to be quiet. 5.现在分词 doing(主动、正在进行) I heard her singing in the hall. 6.过去分词 done(被动、完成) I had my hair cut after school. 7.介词短语:I found him in the lab. 句型 8:There be 存在句(某地存在某物) 课本核心公式 There + be +名词+地点/时间状语 必考 3 条规则 1.就近原则:be 单复数跟随最近名词 There is a playground and two buildings. There are two buildings and a playground. 2.时态变形:there was/were; there will be; there seems to be 3.禁止与 have 混用 ❌ There has a garden. ✅ There is a garden in our school. 三、八大句型对比速记表(课本版) 序号 句型缩写 完整结构 核心特征 课文典型例句 1 SV 主+不及物动词 无宾语、无状语 I replied. 2 SVA 主+不及物动词+状语 不及物动词+地点/ 副词 I breathed deeply. 3 SVO 主+及物动词+宾语 动词后必须接动作对象 He wrote a long letter. 4 SVOA 主+及物动词+宾语 +状语 主谓宾加地点时间 She looked at the photos. 5 SVP 主+系动词+表语 be/感官/变化动词 + adj/n The campus was quiet. 6 SVIO DO 主+动词+人+物 双宾语,可 to/for 互换 He gave me a smile. 7 SVOC 主+动词+宾语+宾补 补充宾语,缺则句意不全 His words made me relaxed. 8 There be There be +名词+地点 表 “某地有某物” There is a library in our school. 【配套练习】 配套课本 8 类句型:SV / SVA / SVO / SVOA / SVP / SVIO DO / SVOC / There be 一、句型识别题(判断句子类型,写缩写即可) 1.My classmates smiled._____________________ 2.We felt excited about the new school._____________________ 3.There is a large library in our campus._____________________ 4.She passed me a new textbook._____________________ 5.I finished all my homework last night._____________________ 6.The boy runs fast on the playground._____________________ 7.Teachers keep our classroom clean every day._____________________ 8.I meet my best friend after class._____________________ 9.The music sounds wonderful._____________________ 10.He bought me a beautiful notebook._____________________ 11.Time flies quickly._____________________ 12.We saw him enter the reading room._____________________ 13.There are three labs beside the teaching building._____________________ 14.Students respect their hard-working teachers._____________________ 15.The little girl cried loudly in the hall._____________________ 二、句型转换(高频考点,必考改写) 1. 双宾语互换(sb sth ↔ sth to/for sb) (1) He gave me a friendly smile. → He gave ______ ______ ______ . (2) My father bought me a new pen. → My father bought ______ ______ ______ . 2. 主动变被动,还原 to(SVOC 难点) (1) The teacher made me finish the task. → I ______ ______ ______ finish the task by the teacher. 3. There be 单复数转换 (1) There is a notebook on the desk.(two notebooks 替换) → ______ ______ two notebooks on the desk. 4. SVO 加状语,改写为 SVOA 原句:I love English.(添加 every morning at school) → ______________________________________________________________ 三、改错(标出错误并改正) 1.He arrived the classroom early._______________ 2.The flower smells sweetly._______________ 3.There has a big playground in our school._______________ 4.He explained me the difficult grammar rule._______________ 5.We made him to clean the window._______________ 6.I enjoy to chat with my classmates after class._______________ 四、翻译题(并标注句型) 1.铃声响了。______________________________________ 2.我们每天快乐地学习。 ______________________________________ 3.高中生活丰富多彩。 ______________________________________ 4.朋友递给我一张卡片。 ______________________________________ 5.我们发现校园十分安静。 ______________________________________ 6.教学楼前有许多鲜花。______________________________________ 7.当我走进陌生的高中校园,一位友善的老师热情地告诉我所有教室的位置。 _______________________________________________________________ 8. 在忙碌的日常学习中,我们用心掌握每一门学科的基础知识点。 _______________________________________________________________ 9.认识新同学之后,我变得开心开朗,对校园生活充满期待。 _______________________________________________________________ 10. 午休时,我的新同桌递给我一本记录校园规则的小册子。 _______________________________________________________________ 11.走在干净的校园小路,我们觉得阳光下的操场明亮又热闹。 _______________________________________________________________ 12. 许多五颜六色的花草生长在教学楼旁边的小花园里。 _______________________________________________________________ Keys 一、句型识别题 1.SV 2.SVP 3.There be 4.SVIO DO 5.SVOA 6.SVA 7.SVOC 8.SVOA 9.SVP 10.SVIO DO 11.SVA 12.SVOC 13.There be 14.SVO 15.SVA 二、句型转换 1.(1) a friendly smile to me (2) a new pen for me 2.was made to 3.There are 4.I love English every morning at school. 三、改错 1.arrived the → arrived at the(不及物动词加地点要介词) 2.sweetly → sweet(系动词后用形容词) 3.has → is(there be 不和 have 混用) 4.explained me → explained to me(explain 不接双宾) 5.to clean → clean(make 主动后省 to) 6.to chat → chatting(enjoy 后接动名词 doing) 四、翻译题 1.The bell rang.(SV) 2.We study happily every day.(SVA) 3.Senior high school life is colorful.(SVP) 4.My friend passed me a card.(SVIO DO) 5.We found the campus quiet.(SVOC) 6.There are many flowers in front of the teaching building.(There be) 7.When I walked into the strange high school campus, a friendly teacher warmly told me the locations of all classrooms. 句型:主谓双宾 SV IO DO 主干:a friendly teacher told me the locations 解析:When 引导时间状语从句;friendly 前置定语;warmly 作方式状语 8.During the busy daily study, we master the basic knowledge of every subject carefully. 句型:主谓宾 SVO 主干:we master the basic knowledge 解析:During 介词短语作状语;carefully 修饰动词 master 9.After meeting new classmates, I became happy and outgoing and felt hopeful about school life. 句型:主系表 SVP 主干:I became happy and outgoing / I felt hopeful 解析:After meeting new classmates 时间状语 10.At the lunch break, my new deskmate handed me a booklet recording school rules. 句型:主谓双宾 SV IO DO 主干:my new deskmate handed me a booklet 解析:recording school rules 后置定语修饰 booklet 11.Walking along the clean school path, we found the playground in the sunshine bright and lively. 句型:主谓宾补 SVOC 主干:we found the playground bright and lively 解析:Walking… 现在分词作伴随状语;in the sunshine 后置定语 12.Lots of colorful flowers and plants grow in the small garden beside the teaching building. 句型:主谓 SV 主干:flowers and plants grow 解析:beside the teaching building 地点状语 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1 A New Start语法(八大句型)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语必修第一册(新高一)新课预习
1
Unit 1 A New Start语法(八大句型)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语必修第一册(新高一)新课预习
2
Unit 1 A New Start语法(八大句型)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语必修第一册(新高一)新课预习
3
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