精品解析：天津市五十七中2025-2026学年度高三第二学期考前模拟检测英语试题

2025—2026学年度高三第二学期三模检测 （高三英语） 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（55个小题，共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — Let’s go to Hainan for a holiday this weekend. — ________. We have been working hard these days and need to relax. A. Forget it B. Cheer up C. I am sure D. You said it 2. It’s no use complaining here. You must ________ the boss of your honesty with enough evidence. A. accuse B. warn C. convince D. relieve 3. Anna has been looking forward to studying in the University of Oxford, so I can’t ________ why she refused the offer. A. put out B. figure out C. turn out D. reach out 4. Children have a natural ________ about the world around them and they tend to keep asking questions about it. A. phenomenon B. atmosphere C. inspiration D. curiosity 5. You should encourage your family, relatives and friends to join the group ________ they can learn from each other. A. when B. which C. that D. where 6. Please don’t disturb Mr. Brown between 3:00 and 5:00 this afternoon, because he ________ an important client then. A. will meet B. will be meeting C. is meeting D. has been meeting 7. — Has Alice accepted the job invitation from the big company? — ________. I haven’t seen her for nearly a week. A. It doesn’t matter B. I don’t care C. I’m afraid not D. I have no idea 8. Tom ________ have forgotten to turn off the lights because he always remembers to do so. A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mightn’t 9. We sincerely thank you for your generous advice and continuous support ________ all the students in our school. A. in case of B. in return for C. on behalf of D. on account of 10. Having discussed the proposal for several hours, the committee finally reached an agreement, ________ that significant adjustments were necessary before it could continue. A. concluding B. having concluded C. to conclude D. concluded 11. These measures sound great, but it remains to be seen they will help improve air quality in our city. A. whether B. what C. which D. that 12. The collapse of the bridge is now believed ________ during the heavy rainfall last night. A. occurring B. to be occurring C. to have occurred D. to have been occurring 13. ________ he is difficult to get on with sometimes, I can’t deny his kindness deep down inside. A. While B. Since C. Until D. When 14. Either you or James ________ as manager of the sales department when Mr. White retires next month, so you should try your best to do your job well. A. are to be appointed B. is to be appointed C. are appointed D. is appointed 15. The city’s new public service website is designed to be highly ________; with clear menus and step-by-step guides, citizens can complete procedures easily. A. official B. permanent C. accessible D. complex 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Arriving at the mountaintop observatory (天文台), I was bursting with ____16____. I was about to ____17____ my junior year of studying astrophysics (天体物理学), with plans to apply for a Ph.D. in the field. ____18____, the excitement didn’t last. Here, always staring at a computer screen and pressing a combination of buttons to control the telescope alone for several days, I ____19____ this wasn’t what I had imagined. I had ____20____ being an astronomer under the influence of my father. But after my experience at the observatory, a question ____21____ in my mind: Does such life really ____22____ me? After returning to college and considering much about my future, I still wanted to ____23____ more about the natural world. I thought it would be better to do research involving multiple disciplines and requiring cooperation. After all, I disliked the feeling of ____24____ studying astrophysics. Thinking about my potential new field, I felt excited as well as _____25_____ about how my adviser would respond. I submitted an outline, and to my relief, it got the _____26_____ of my adviser and he guided me patiently. However, I had extremely limited time to _____27_____ a new research project. Anyhow, I accepted the _____28_____. In my new research project, being able to shape and control interesting, physical phenomena _____29_____ me in a way astronomy did not. Besides, I could _____30_____ my communication skills by working with high school physics students and tutoring in a college physics room. I _____31_____ these experiences. They provided me with a(n) _____32_____ to be both a scientist and a communicator, and speaking to enthusiastic students gave me the extra _____33_____ I needed to return to my research. What’s more, I got a real change out of these experiences. Completing my Ph.D., I knew I wanted to find work letting me both _____34_____ science and draw more people to the field. Learning more about myself, I’ve realized that remaining open to new possibilities can be _____35_____. Now, in addition to conducting research, I lecture at universities, run a summer school, and work with educators. 16. A. depression B. contentment C. astonishment D. excitement 17. A. describe B. accomplish C. subscribe D. imitate 18. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Still 19. A. recommended B. overcame C. informed D. realized 20. A. appreciated B. anticipated C. declined D. regretted 21. A. aroused B. rose C. arose D. raised 22. A. comfort B. evaluate C. annoy D. suit 23. A. explore B. transform C. wonder D. ranged 24. A. closeness B. passion C. loneliness D. urgency 25. A. sorrowful B. amazed C. proud D. anxious 26. A. punishment B. criticism C. approval D. envy 27. A. score B. replace C. advertise D. design 28. A. invitation B. challenge C. guidance D. suggestion 29. A. stimulated B. worried C. puzzled D. reminded 30. A. highlight B. predict C. enhance D. dominate 31. A. gave away B. added up C. turned to D. benefited from 32. A. promise B. opportunity C. dilemma D. decision 33. A. description B. pressure C. motivation D. trouble 34. A. make up B. contribute to C. escape from D. turn in 35. A. rewarding B. controversial C. stressful D. demanding 第二部分：阅读理解（共20个小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students. Here are some of the coolest: University of Missouri When you think of a campus gym, you probably picture a room equipped with old weights and out-of-date machines. However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym. High Point University If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket. You can use your dining dollars instead. Set on Hall University If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program. As a freshman, you’ll receive a laptop already set up with all of the software that you’ll need as a student. Then, after two years, you’ll receive a new and updated laptop designed to carry to through until after you graduate. New York University If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting free museums at any time you want — and you’ll never be bored on the weekends. 36. What can we learn from Paragraph1? A. It is hard to be admitted to a university. B. A university’s fame is the top consideration. C. The competition to attract applicants is fierce. D. Extra benefits makes no difference to applicants. 37. What can we learn about the fitness center in the University of Missouri? A. Its equipment is out of date. B. It is the best one in the world. C. It has a real beach there. D. It can arouse students’ interest in workout. 38. Which university offers extra benefit of food? A. University of Missouri. B. High Point University. C. Seton Hall University. D. New York University. 39. What can be guaranteed for students choosing Seton Hall University? A. Free tuition. B. Free accommodation. C. Free computers D. High graduation rate. 40. Which of the following is true of New York University? A. It is located in the center of the city. B. It houses the best museums in the world. C. All the museums are open to its students for free. D. Museums are usually closed on the weekends. B Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal. I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ” She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.” She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous?” I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.” She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. 41. Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club? A. To help with her performance. B. To get the attention of her classmates. C. To set an example for the rest of the class. D. To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture. 42. Why did Addie feel happy on her way home? A. An event was going to happen. B. She was fully ready for her first rehearsal. C. She gained recognition for her performance. D. She memorized the poem sooner than others. 43. What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie? A. Caring and considerate. B. Easygoing and carefree. C. Curious and open-minded. D. Disciplined and strong-willed. 44. How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”? A. By asking Addie to define it in her own way. B. By interpreting the two definitions separately. C. By consulting the dictionary for its definitions. D. By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations. 45. What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A. She followed her mother’s advice. B. She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C. She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D. She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. C For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work or you’re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: they are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habituated. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier, it will actually be easier. 46. Why do people tend to feel certain cognitive tasks demanding? A. Because they consume much more brain energy. B. Because they involve more complex computations. C. Because they are objectively much more difficult. D. Because they require new brain region teamwork. 47. What does the underlined word “hurdle” in paragraph 6 mean? A. benefit B. barrier C. routine D. reward 48. Why does the author quote the 2020 study? A. To support a solution. B. To present a case. C. To analyze the causes. D. To challenge an assumption. 49. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines performance. C. Focusing on rewards enhances motivation. D. Brain reaction triggers positive emotions. 50. Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A. Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B. Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C. Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D. Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. D William Wordsworth’s metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a garden, where the seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we nurture our thoughts can significantly impact our personal development and success. Our thoughts are the seeds that, when nurtured with care, can blossom into the flowers of success and happiness. Conversely, neglecting the cultivation of our thoughts can lead to a life overgrown with the weeds of failure and despair. To ensure our minds bear the fruits of our desires, it’s crucial to prepare the soil of our minds with the nutrients of education, health, and effective time management. These elements enrich our mental landscape, providing the ideal environment for our ambitions to take root and flourish. The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a garden. Just as a gardener who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional cultivation of our thoughts will yield a corresponding harvest in life. Each of us holds the power to choose which seeds to plant, and thus, the responsibility for the outcomes we reap. Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also influence our relationships and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and cooperation, while negative thoughts can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and understanding can result in a life enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our thoughts can shape our resilience in the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges, whereas pessimism may hinder our ability to overcome obstacles. Drawing everything together, the garden of our mind requires deliberate tending. By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams. The choice is ours: to plant the seeds of potential or to let the garden lie fallow (休耕). It is through this conscious cultivation that we can transform our minds from a plot overgrown with weeds into a garden blooming with the flowers of success and the fruits of meaningful contributions to society. The power to shape our destiny lies within us, and it begins with the thoughts we choose to plant today. 51. How does the author illustrate the concept of mental preparation in paragraph 1? A. By comparing it to the process of cultivation. B. By relating it to the achievement of personal goals. C. By emphasizing the importance of seeds in the garden. D. By associating it with the management of natural conditions. 52. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Life outcomes are decided in advance. B. Life outcomes stem from wishes. C. Cultivating thoughts shapes life outcomes. D. Cultivating thoughts relies on life outcomes. 53. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. The importance of personal success in society. B. The power of thoughts in shaping us and society. C. The role of empathy in building a strong community. D. The effect of optimism on overcoming life’s challenges. 54. What conclusion can we draw from the text? A. We cannot change our destiny. B. Cultivating positive thoughts matters. C. Personal goals depend on social impact. D. Our thoughts can directly lead to success. 55. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Positive Thinking: The Key to Overcoming Life’s Obstacles. B. From Weeds to Harvest: The Journey of Personal Success. C. The Metaphorical Garden: How Thoughts Shape Our Destiny. D. The Art of Inner Nurturing: Sowing Seeds for a Flourishing Life. 第Ⅱ卷（共35分） 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） A kind father lost about 57 kg in just six months after being shamed dieting when he became too fat to play with his young daughter. Chris Willis, 47, tipped the scales at 172 kg following a lifetime of fatty foods. But overweight Chris turned to dieting when he realized he was too fat to play with his ten-year-old daughter, Sophie, who had a passion for running. The determined dad cut out all the fatty foods he had enjoyed, and began exercising. He now weights 105 kg after losing 10 kg every month since July. Chris, who lives in Shepreth. Cambridgeshire with his wife Jackie. 51, a coach driver, said: “The hardest thing was seeing my little girl in the garden and not being able to join in because I was so unhealthy. But now I am making up for lost time---we do so much together and it is just great.” Chris used to consume an incredible 5,000 calories a day, before he switched to healthy lifestyle. On average he would eat five slices of bread for breakfast as a mid morning meal before a full English breakfast. He would then eat a sandwich, a large pack of crisps and a pasty for lunch before chewing a whole packet of biscuits in the afternoon. For dinner Chris would demolish a curry(咖啡) and, ice cream, and also drink four pints of beer very quickly, before feeding on fatty snacks all evening. Amazingly Chris claims he still eats the same amount---but has simply cut out the unhealthy fatty foods. Chris said: “'My family and friends have been so supportive and my wife and daughter are so pleased for me. In fact it’s them I did it for more than anyone else. The whole journey has been amazing and I am still shocked myself that I have managed to lose so much weight.” Chris is now aiming for a new target weight of 96 kg. 56. Why did Chris Willis lose weight?(no more than 10 words) 57. What does the underlined word “demolish” mean? (1 word) 58. What measures did Chris take to lose weight? (no more than 10 words) 59. What’s Chris’ next plan for keeping healthy? (no more than 10 words) 60. How are you inspired by Chris Willis? (no more than 20 words) 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假定你是晨光中学校英文报编辑李津，为普及网络安全知识，你校将面向全校学生举办一场网络安全主题宣传活动。请你用英文写一篇倡议书，内容包括： 1. 阐述如今网络使用日益普遍，网络隐患层出不穷； 2. 列举常见网络安全问题（个人信息泄露、网络诈骗、不良信息侵害等）； 3. 提出具体安全上网建议（至少2条）； 4. 呼吁同学们重视网络安全，文明安全上网。 注意：词数不少于100词； 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：网络安全cyber security 个人隐私personal privacy 网络诈骗online fraud，泄露leak Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential part of our daily life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年度高三第二学期三模检测 （高三英语） 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（55个小题，共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — Let’s go to Hainan for a holiday this weekend. — ________. We have been working hard these days and need to relax. A. Forget it B. Cheer up C. I am sure D. You said it 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——这个周末咱们去海南度假吧。——你说得对。这些天我们一直努力工作，需要放松一下。 A. Forget it算了吧；别在意；B. Cheer up振作起来；高兴起来； C. I am sure我确定；D. You said it你说得对。根据We have been working hard these days and need to relax.可知，第二个说话人同意上一个说话人的观点。 2. It’s no use complaining here. You must ________ the boss of your honesty with enough evidence. A. accuse B. warn C. convince D. relieve 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在这里抱怨没有用。你必须用足够的证据使老板相信你是诚实的。 A. accuse指责；控告；B. warn警告；告诫；C. convince使相信；说服；D. relieve缓解；减轻。根据前文It’s no use complaining here可知，必须用足够的证据使老板相信你是诚实的。 3. Anna has been looking forward to studying in the University of Oxford, so I can’t ________ why she refused the offer. A. put out B. figure out C. turn out D. reach out 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：安娜一直盼望着去牛津大学学习，所以我弄不明白她为什么拒绝了这份录取通知。A. put out扑灭，生产；B. figure out弄明白，想出；C. turn out结果是，证明是；D. reach out伸出，联系。根据‌“Anna has been looking forward to studying in the University of Oxford”和‌“why she refused the offer”可推知，安娜期盼进入牛津大学，却拒绝了录取通知，这让‌人感到困惑，无法弄明白她的决定，动词短语figure out符合语境。 4. Children have a natural ________ about the world around them and they tend to keep asking questions about it. A. phenomenon B. atmosphere C. inspiration D. curiosity 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：孩子们对周围的世界有一种天然的好奇心，他们总是不停地问关于这个世界的问题。A. phenomenon现象；B. atmosphere气氛，大气层；C. inspiration灵感，鼓舞；D. curiosity好奇心。根据后半句“they tend to keep asking questions about it”可知，这是孩子们对世界充满“好奇心”的表现。have a curiosity about...是固定搭配，意为“对……有好奇心”。 5. You should encourage your family, relatives and friends to join the group ________ they can learn from each other. A. when B. which C. that D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：你应该鼓励你的家人、亲戚和朋友加入这个小组，在那里他们可以互相学习。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词‌the group，关系词将其代入从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。 6. Please don’t disturb Mr. Brown between 3:00 and 5:00 this afternoon, because he ________ an important client then. A. will meet B. will be meeting C. is meeting D. has been meeting 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：请不要在今天下午3点到5点之间打扰布朗先生，因为那时他将正在会见一位重要客户。meet(会见)作从句谓语，根据时间状语‌“between 3:00 and 5:00 this afternoon”和‌“then”可知，此处强调的是将来某一特定时间段内正在进行的动作，应使用将来进行时态will be meeting。 7. — Has Alice accepted the job invitation from the big company? — ________. I haven’t seen her for nearly a week. A. It doesn’t matter B. I don’t care C. I’m afraid not D. I have no idea 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——爱丽丝接受那家大公司的工作邀请了吗？——我不知道。我已经将近一周没见到她了。 A. It doesn’t matter没关系；B. I don’t care我不在乎；C. I’m afraid not恐怕没有；D. I have no idea我不知道。根据I haven’t seen her for nearly a week.可知，不知道爱丽丝是否接受那家大公司的工作邀请。 8. Tom ________ have forgotten to turn off the lights because he always remembers to do so. A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mightn’t 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：汤姆不可能忘记关灯，因为他总是记得关灯。A. needn’t (have done)本不必做某事；B. can’t (have done)不可能做过某事；C. shouldn’t (have done)本不应该做某事；D. mightn’t (have done)可能没有做过某事。根据‌“because he always remembers to do so”可知，汤姆总是记得关灯，这说明他忘记关灯的可能性极小，can’t have forgotten表示对过去事情的否定推测，意为‌“不可能忘记”，符合语境。 9. We sincerely thank you for your generous advice and continuous support ________ all the students in our school. A. in case of B. in return for C. on behalf of D. on account of 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们谨代表全校学生，衷心感谢您一直以来的慷慨建议和持续支持。A. in case of万一；B. in return for作为对……的回报；C. on behalf of代表；D. on account of因为。由all the students in our school可知，此处表示“代表全校学生”，空格处意为“代表”。 10. Having discussed the proposal for several hours, the committee finally reached an agreement, ________ that significant adjustments were necessary before it could continue. A. concluding B. having concluded C. to conclude D. concluded 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在对提案讨论了几个小时之后，委员会最终达成了一致意见，得出结论认为在继续推进之前需要进行重大调整。此处作伴随状语，conclude(得出结论)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语the committee构成主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 11. These measures sound great, but it remains to be seen they will help improve air quality in our city. A. whether B. what C. which D. that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这些措施听起来不错，但它们是否有助于改善我们城市的空气质量还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，此处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether。故选A。 12. The collapse of the bridge is now believed ________ during the heavy rainfall last night. A. occurring B. to be occurring C. to have occurred D. to have been occurring 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：现在人们认为这座桥的坍塌发生在昨晚暴雨期间。be believed to do sth.是固定结构，意为“被认为做某事”。由于桥坍塌这个动作发生在“现在认为”之前，所以用不定式的完成式to have occurred。 13. ________ he is difficult to get on with sometimes, I can’t deny his kindness deep down inside. A. While B. Since C. Until D. When 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：虽然他有时很难相处，但我无法否认他内心深处的善良。A. While虽然；B. Since自从；C. Until直到；D. When当……的时候。由he is difficult to get on with sometimes和his kindness deep down inside可知，上下文为转折让步关系，用while引导让步状语从句。 14. Either you or James ________ as manager of the sales department when Mr. White retires next month, so you should try your best to do your job well. A. are to be appointed B. is to be appointed C. are appointed D. is appointed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：下个月怀特先生退休时，要么你要么詹姆斯将被任命为销售部门经理，所以你应该尽力把工作做好。either...or...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与离它最近的主语James保持一致，所以谓语动词用单数形式，排除are相关选项。根据next month可知，这里表示将来的动作，且James与appoint之间是被动关系，即“被任命”，be to do sth.可表将来，is to be appointed符合将来被动的结构。 15. The city’s new public service website is designed to be highly ________; with clear menus and step-by-step guides, citizens can complete procedures easily. A. official B. permanent C. accessible D. complex 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这座城市新的公共服务网站设计得极具易用性；设有清晰菜单和分步指南，市民可以轻松办理业务。A. official官方的；B. permanent永久的；C. accessible易懂易用的；可访问的；D. complex复杂的。根据后文“with clear menus and step-by-step guides”可知，此处表示网站便捷好用，accessible符合语境。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Arriving at the mountaintop observatory (天文台), I was bursting with ____16____. I was about to ____17____ my junior year of studying astrophysics (天体物理学), with plans to apply for a Ph.D. in the field. ____18____, the excitement didn’t last. Here, always staring at a computer screen and pressing a combination of buttons to control the telescope alone for several days, I ____19____ this wasn’t what I had imagined. I had ____20____ being an astronomer under the influence of my father. But after my experience at the observatory, a question ____21____ in my mind: Does such life really ____22____ me? After returning to college and considering much about my future, I still wanted to ____23____ more about the natural world. I thought it would be better to do research involving multiple disciplines and requiring cooperation. After all, I disliked the feeling of ____24____ studying astrophysics. Thinking about my potential new field, I felt excited as well as _____25_____ about how my adviser would respond. I submitted an outline, and to my relief, it got the _____26_____ of my adviser and he guided me patiently. However, I had extremely limited time to _____27_____ a new research project. Anyhow, I accepted the _____28_____. In my new research project, being able to shape and control interesting, physical phenomena _____29_____ me in a way astronomy did not. Besides, I could _____30_____ my communication skills by working with high school physics students and tutoring in a college physics room. I _____31_____ these experiences. They provided me with a(n) _____32_____ to be both a scientist and a communicator, and speaking to enthusiastic students gave me the extra _____33_____ I needed to return to my research. What’s more, I got a real change out of these experiences. Completing my Ph.D., I knew I wanted to find work letting me both _____34_____ science and draw more people to the field. Learning more about myself, I’ve realized that remaining open to new possibilities can be _____35_____. Now, in addition to conducting research, I lecture at universities, run a summer school, and work with educators. 16. A. depression B. contentment C. astonishment D. excitement 17. A. describe B. accomplish C. subscribe D. imitate 18. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Still 19. A. recommended B. overcame C. informed D. realized 20. A. appreciated B. anticipated C. declined D. regretted 21. A. aroused B. rose C. arose D. raised 22. A. comfort B. evaluate C. annoy D. suit 23. A. explore B. transform C. wonder D. ranged 24. A. closeness B. passion C. loneliness D. urgency 25. A. sorrowful B. amazed C. proud D. anxious 26. A. punishment B. criticism C. approval D. envy 27. A. score B. replace C. advertise D. design 28. A. invitation B. challenge C. guidance D. suggestion 29. A. stimulated B. worried C. puzzled D. reminded 30. A. highlight B. predict C. enhance D. dominate 31. A. gave away B. added up C. turned to D. benefited from 32. A. promise B. opportunity C. dilemma D. decision 33. A. description B. pressure C. motivation D. trouble 34. A. make up B. contribute to C. escape from D. turn in 35. A. rewarding B. controversial C. stressful D. demanding 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者原本学习天体物理学，在天文台实习后发现孤独的研究生活并不适合自己，转而转向跨学科合作研究方向，最终在兼顾科研和科普推广的工作中收获成长与满足的故事。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：到达山顶天文台时，我满心激动。A. depression沮丧；B. contentment满足；C. astonishment惊讶；D. excitement激动。根据下文中“the excitement didn’t last”可知，此处作者最初满心都是兴奋激动。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：我即将完成天体物理学学习的大三学年，还计划申请该领域的博士学位。A. describe描述；B. accomplish完成；C. subscribe订阅；D. imitate模仿。根据后文“with plans to apply for a Ph.D. in the field”可知，申请博士前要完成本阶段的学业，此处表示即将完成大三学习。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，这份兴奋并没有持续多久。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Still仍然。前文“I was bursting with ______”提到作者满心兴奋，后文“the excitement didn’t last”说兴奋没有持续，前后为转折关系。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：在这里，连续好几天总是一个人盯着电脑屏幕，按下组合按键控制望远镜，我意识到这并不是我原本想象的样子。A. recommended推荐；B. overcame克服；C. informed通知；D. realized意识到。根据后文“this wasn’t what I had imagined”可知，这是作者在经历过后意识到的内容。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：在父亲的影响下，我一直期望成为一名天文学家。A. appreciated感激；B. anticipated期望；C. declined拒绝；D. regretted后悔。根据前文“I was about to _____ my junior year of studying astrophysics (天体物理学), with plans to apply for a Ph.D. in the field.”可知，作者学习天体物理学并计划申请博士可知，作者之前一直期望成为天文学家。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：但在天文台的经历之后，一个问题出现在我的脑海中：这样的生活真的适合我吗？A. aroused激发，为及物动词；B. rose上升，指位置升高；C. arose出现，发生，为不及物动词；D. raised提升，养育，为及物动词。根据“a question”和“in my mind”可知，此处表示问题出现在脑海中，空格后没有宾语，需要表示“出现”的不及物动词，arose符合题意。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：但在天文台的经历之后，一个问题出现在我的脑海中：这样的生活真的适合我吗？A. comfort安慰；B. evaluate评估；C. annoy使恼怒；D. suit适合。根据上文中“I _____ this wasn’t what I had imagined”可知，作者发现实际经历和预期不符，因此怀疑这种生活是否适合自己。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：回到大学之后，我对未来做了很多思考，我仍然想要探索更多关于自然世界的内容。A. explore探索；B. transform改变；C. wonder想知道；D. ranged（在……内）变化。根据下文中“I thought it would be better to do research involving multiple disciplines and requiring cooperation.”可知，作者想做研究，说明作者还是想要探索自然世界相关内容。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：毕竟，我不喜欢研究天体物理学的孤独感。A. closeness亲密；B. passion热情；C. loneliness孤独；D. urgency紧急。根据上文中“staring at a computer screen and pressing a combination of buttons to control the telescope alone for several days”和“I thought it would be better to do research involving multiple disciplines and requiring cooperation.”可知，作者之前是独自研究，不喜欢这种孤独感，因此想要选择需要合作的研究。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：想到我可能选择的新领域，我感到激动，同时也担心我的导师会如何回应。A. sorrowful悲伤的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. proud骄傲的；D. anxious焦虑的，担心的。根据空后“about how my adviser would respond”和后文“to my relief”可知，作者最初对导师的态度是担心忧虑的。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：我提交了一份大纲，令我宽慰的是，我的大纲得到了导师的同意，他还耐心地指导我。A. punishment惩罚；B. criticism批评；C. approval同意；D. envy嫉妒。根据后文“he guided me patiently”和前文“to my relief”可知，导师同意了作者的计划。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：但是，我只有极其有限的时间来设计新的研究项目。A. score得分；B. replace替换；C. advertise做广告；D. design设计。根据空后“a new research project”和常识可知，此处作者开启新的研究项目，需要设计项目。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论如何，我接受了这个挑战。A. invitation邀请；B. challenge挑战；C. guidance指导；D. suggestion建议。根据前文“I had extremely limited time to ____ a new research project”可知，时间有限，设计新项目是一个挑战。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：在我的新研究项目中，能够塑造和掌控有趣的物理现象，这给我的激励是天文学从来没有带来过的。A. stimulated激励，激发；B. worried使担心；C. puzzled使困惑；D. reminded提醒。根据空前“being able to shape and control interesting, physical phenomena”和后文“They provided me with a (n) ____ to be both a scientist and a communicator, and speaking to enthusiastic students gave me the extra ____ I needed to return to my research. What’s more, I got a real change out of these experiences.”可知，作者认为新研究有趣，给作者带来了很多收获，因此是激励了作者。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：此外，我还可以通过做和高中物理学生相关的工作、在大学物理教室做辅导提升我的沟通能力。A. highlight强调；B. predict预测；C. enhance提升；D. dominate支配。根据后文“my communication skills by working with high school physics students and tutoring in a college physics room”可知，和不同的人沟通辅导可以提升沟通能力。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我从这些经历中收获良多。A. gave away赠送；B. added up合计；C. turned to求助于；D. benefited from从……获益。根据后文“They provided me with a(n) _____ to be both a scientist and a communicator, and speaking to enthusiastic students gave me the extra _____ I needed to return to my research.”可知，作者从这些经历中获得很多好处。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些经历给我提供了同时成为科学家和沟通者的机会，和充满热情的学生交流给了我回到研究中所需的额外动力。A. promise承诺；B. opportunity机会；C. dilemma困境；D. decision决定。根据后文“to be both a scientist and a communicator”可知，这些经历给作者提供了这样一个机会。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些经历给我提供了同时成为科学家和沟通者的机会，和充满热情的学生交流给了我回到研究中所需的额外动力。A. description描述；B. pressure压力；C. motivation动力；D. trouble麻烦。根据后文“I needed to return to my research”可知，和学生交流给作者带来了继续研究的动力。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：拿到博士学位后，我知道我想要找一份既能为科学做贡献，又能吸引更多人进入这个领域的工作。A. make up编造；B. contribute to为……做贡献；C. escape from逃离；D. turn in上交。根据后文“ in addition to conducting research”并结合作者从事科研工作，作者既想为科学领域做贡献，同时做科普吸引更多人。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在更了解自己之后，我意识到，对新可能性保持开放是值得的。A. rewarding有收获的，值得的；B. controversial有争议的；C. stressful有压力的；D. demanding要求高的。根据前文作者的经历可知，作者转换方向后收获了自己满意的生活，因此保持开放是很有收获的。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20个小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students. Here are some of the coolest: University of Missouri When you think of a campus gym, you probably picture a room equipped with old weights and out-of-date machines. However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym. High Point University If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket. You can use your dining dollars instead. Set on Hall University If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program. As a freshman, you’ll receive a laptop already set up with all of the software that you’ll need as a student. Then, after two years, you’ll receive a new and updated laptop designed to carry to through until after you graduate. New York University If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting free museums at any time you want — and you’ll never be bored on the weekends. 36. What can we learn from Paragraph1? A. It is hard to be admitted to a university. B. A university’s fame is the top consideration. C. The competition to attract applicants is fierce. D. Extra benefits makes no difference to applicants. 37. What can we learn about the fitness center in the University of Missouri? A. Its equipment is out of date. B. It is the best one in the world. C. It has a real beach there. D. It can arouse students’ interest in workout. 38. Which university offers extra benefit of food? A. University of Missouri. B. High Point University. C. Seton Hall University. D. New York University. 39. What can be guaranteed for students choosing Seton Hall University? A. Free tuition. B. Free accommodation. C. Free computers D. High graduation rate. 40. Which of the following is true of New York University? A. It is located in the center of the city. B. It houses the best museums in the world. C. All the museums are open to its students for free. D. Museums are usually closed on the weekends. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四所不同大学为吸引学生而提供的特色福利，以帮助读者做出更好的选择。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students.(当你选择一所大学时，可能会考虑很多因素：学校的声誉，提供的课程，以及你专业的教授，等等。然而，考虑到大学为了吸引越来越多的申请者而增加的竞争力，许多学校现在为所有学生提供额外的福利。)”可知，大学为了吸引越来越多的申请者的竞争非常激烈。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“University of Missouri”部分中的“However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym.(然而，在密苏里大学，你可以享受到全国最好的校园健身中心之一。它的特色是一个“室内海滩”，配有瀑布和慵懒的河流，以及一个全方位服务的水疗中心。即使你平时不喜欢锻炼，密苏里州的健身中心也会给你一个去健身房的理由。)”可知，密苏里大学的健身中心是全国最好的校园健身中心之一，设施良好，能够引起学生锻炼的兴趣。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“High Point University”部分中的“If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket.(如果你发现自己很快就厌倦了食堂的食物——这几乎是我们所有人都会遇到的事情——北卡罗来纳州的高点大学为你提供了一个很好的选择：为学生提供的私人牛排馆。这是一家一流的餐厅，最重要的是，你不必自掏腰包。)”可知，北卡罗来纳州的High Point University为学生提供私人牛排馆。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Seton Hall University”部分中的“If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program.(如果你刚开始上大学时还在为科技的额外成本而紧张，那么西顿霍尔大学有一个好消息要告诉你：通过大学的移动计算项目，所有新生都可以获得免费的笔记本电脑。)”可知，西顿霍尔大学的学生可以获得免费的笔记本电脑。故选C。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“New York University”部分中的“If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them.(如果你是一个博物馆迷，纽约大学是你的理想之选，不仅因为你位于一个以世界上最好的博物馆为特色的城市的中心，而且大学甚至为你提供许多博物馆的免费入场券。)”可知，纽约大学位于市中心。故选A。 B Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal. I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ” She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.” She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous?” I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.” She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. 41. Why was Addie asked to recite Longfellow’s poem to the Saturday evening’s club? A. To help with her performance. B. To get the attention of her classmates. C. To set an example for the rest of the class. D. To try a new way to warm up the coming lecture. 42. Why did Addie feel happy on her way home? A. An event was going to happen. B. She was fully ready for her first rehearsal. C. She gained recognition for her performance. D. She memorized the poem sooner than others. 43. What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie? A. Caring and considerate. B. Easygoing and carefree. C. Curious and open-minded. D. Disciplined and strong-willed. 44. How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”? A. By asking Addie to define it in her own way. B. By interpreting the two definitions separately. C. By consulting the dictionary for its definitions. D. By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations. 45. What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A. She followed her mother’s advice. B. She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C. She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D. She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. 【答案】41. D 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了老师希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场，排练时作者有一个词不懂，老师耐心引导作者理解，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，作者很感动。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中“She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. (她说一位著名的教授要给这位诗人做讲座，而这首诗的演讲将是一个新的开始)”可知，老师谢瓦利埃小姐希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场，D项“尝试一种新的方式来为即将到来的讲座热身”符合题意。故选D项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段中““But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. (“但对于你这种能力的孩子来说，这应该不是问题，”她补充道)”可知，老师信任作者的朗诵能力，她感到非常高兴，C项“她的表现获得了认可”符合题意。故选C项。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中“But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. (但好的是，她总是面带微笑，让你觉得你做得对)”和第五段中“Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. (尽管她微笑着鼓励我，但我还是想沉下去，因为我不确定它的发音和含义。谢瓦利埃小姐假装没有注意到我的脸红，递给我一本词典，让我大声朗读它的定义)”可知，老师对作者很关爱和耐心指导。由此推知，老师是一个关心人和体贴的人。故选A项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。由第六段中““There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.”(“没有错误的答案，”她说，“我想知道你的意见，艾迪)”，第七段中“One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous? (一个人必须左右都冲动，否则他们不敢面对任何挑战。你会说自己冲动吗？)”， 第八段中“My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway. (不管怎样，我妈妈认为对女孩冲动是不合适的)” 和第九段“She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.”(她说我妈妈说得对。“但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩。”)”可知，通过教师与作者对话的叙述，教师通过一系列问题把作者的成长背景和“impetuous”词义联系起来，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，D项“把它的定义与艾迪的情况联系起来”符合题意。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。由第九段中“But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl. (但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩)”可推知，老师的信任令作者感动，所以作者再也不会称谢瓦利埃小姐为“卷毛狗”。故选C项。 C For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work or you’re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: they are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habituated. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier, it will actually be easier. 46. Why do people tend to feel certain cognitive tasks demanding? A. Because they consume much more brain energy. B. Because they involve more complex computations. C. Because they are objectively much more difficult. D. Because they require new brain region teamwork. 47. What does the underlined word “hurdle” in paragraph 6 mean? A. benefit B. barrier C. routine D. reward 48. Why does the author quote the 2020 study? A. To support a solution. B. To present a case. C. To analyze the causes. D. To challenge an assumption. 49. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines performance. C. Focusing on rewards enhances motivation. D. Brain reaction triggers positive emotions. 50. Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A. Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B. Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C. Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D. Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. 【答案】46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了一项研究，表明脑力难易任务消耗大脑能量相近。高难度任务让人不适只因违背大脑习惯，我们可通过关注收益、固定作息养成习惯，轻松完成脑力工作。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together.( 需要较高认知能力的工作通常需要大脑以新颖的模式协调许多不同的区域，并抑制那些经常同时活跃的神经回路。)”可知，人们感觉某些认知任务困难，是因为这些任务需要大脑以全新模式协调多个不同脑区，并抑制常规活跃的神经回路。 【47题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段划线单词句中“Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier.( 研究表明，如果我们能够克服开始一项任务的最初……，那么思考就会变得更容易。)”以及下文“One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required.( 一种实现这一目标的方法是关注好处而非所需付出的努力。)”由此可知，如果我们能跨过开始任务的最初障碍，思考就会变得容易。“hurdle”在此处表示“障碍、难关”，与B选项barrier“障碍”同义。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money.(一种实现这一目标的方法是关注好处而非所需付出的努力。在 2020 年发表于《科学》杂志的一项研究中，罗格斯大学的神经科学家安德鲁·韦斯特布鲁克及其同事让参与者在获得少量金钱的情况下选择解决一个简单的记忆谜题，或者在获得更多金钱的情况下选择解决一个难度更高的谜题。)”可知，本段先提出解决方法，随后引用 2020 年的研究证明：当人们更多关注挑战性任务的奖励时，更有可能选择完成它。因此引用该研究是为了支持前文提出的解决方案。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’re more likely to choose to do hard things.( 当人们在挑战性谜题的奖励上花费更多时间注视时，他们更有可能选择它。如果我们的心灵之眼或注意力集中在某个选项的益处上，随着时间的推移，我们就更有可能选择去做困难的事情。)”可推断，关注奖励能够增强人们完成困难任务的动机。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier, it will actually be easier.( 要使认知要求较高的任务成为习惯，可以尝试每天在相同的时间、相同的地点进行这些任务。在工作开始前加入一个仪式，比如关掉手机并启动一个应用程序来屏蔽分散注意力的网站。几周后，深度集中注意力不仅会感觉更容易，实际上也会变得更轻松。)”可推知，每天阅读二十分钟厚重的文学经典能够使脑力工作变得更轻松。 D William Wordsworth’s metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a garden, where the seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we nurture our thoughts can significantly impact our personal development and success. Our thoughts are the seeds that, when nurtured with care, can blossom into the flowers of success and happiness. Conversely, neglecting the cultivation of our thoughts can lead to a life overgrown with the weeds of failure and despair. To ensure our minds bear the fruits of our desires, it’s crucial to prepare the soil of our minds with the nutrients of education, health, and effective time management. These elements enrich our mental landscape, providing the ideal environment for our ambitions to take root and flourish. The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a garden. Just as a gardener who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional cultivation of our thoughts will yield a corresponding harvest in life. Each of us holds the power to choose which seeds to plant, and thus, the responsibility for the outcomes we reap. Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also influence our relationships and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and cooperation, while negative thoughts can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and understanding can result in a life enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our thoughts can shape our resilience in the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges, whereas pessimism may hinder our ability to overcome obstacles. Drawing everything together, the garden of our mind requires deliberate tending. By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams. The choice is ours: to plant the seeds of potential or to let the garden lie fallow (休耕). It is through this conscious cultivation that we can transform our minds from a plot overgrown with weeds into a garden blooming with the flowers of success and the fruits of meaningful contributions to society. The power to shape our destiny lies within us, and it begins with the thoughts we choose to plant today. 51. How does the author illustrate the concept of mental preparation in paragraph 1? A. By comparing it to the process of cultivation. B. By relating it to the achievement of personal goals. C. By emphasizing the importance of seeds in the garden. D. By associating it with the management of natural conditions. 52. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Life outcomes are decided in advance. B. Life outcomes stem from wishes. C. Cultivating thoughts shapes life outcomes. D. Cultivating thoughts relies on life outcomes. 53. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. The importance of personal success in society. B. The power of thoughts in shaping us and society. C. The role of empathy in building a strong community. D. The effect of optimism on overcoming life’s challenges. 54. What conclusion can we draw from the text? A. We cannot change our destiny. B. Cultivating positive thoughts matters. C. Personal goals depend on social impact. D. Our thoughts can directly lead to success. 55. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Positive Thinking: The Key to Overcoming Life’s Obstacles. B. From Weeds to Harvest: The Journey of Personal Success. C. The Metaphorical Garden: How Thoughts Shape Our Destiny. D. The Art of Inner Nurturing: Sowing Seeds for a Flourishing Life. 【答案】51. A 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是将人的思想比作花园中的种子这一隐喻概念，强调思想对个人生活、发展、成功以及人际关系和社会贡献的重要影响。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“William Wordsworth’s metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a garden, where the seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we nurture our thoughts can significantly impact our personal development and success.(威廉·华兹华斯的这一比喻“你的头脑就是花园，你的想法就是种子。收获的成果要么是鲜花，要么是杂草”，与这样的观点相契合：我们的心灵世界就如同一个花园，我们思想的种子决定了我们生活的本质。这一理念表明，我们如何培育自己的思想，会对我们的个人发展和成功产生重大影响。)”可知，作者将心理准备比喻成园艺和种子培育的过程来阐述这一概念。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a garden. Just as a gardener who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional cultivation of our thoughts will yield a corresponding harvest in life. Each of us holds the power to choose which seeds to plant, and thus, the responsibility for the outcomes we reap.(播种与收获的法则，于人生而言，就如同于花园而言一样真实不虚。正如园丁种下番茄种子便期望收获番茄一样，我们也应当预见到，有意识地培育我们的思想，将会在生活中收获相应的成果。我们每个人都有能力选择播下何种种子，因此，也应对我们最终收获的结果承担责任。)”可知，从第三段我们可以推断出培养思想会塑造生活结果。 【53题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also influence our relationships and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and cooperation, while negative thoughts can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and understanding can result in a life enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our thoughts can shape our resilience in the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges, whereas pessimism may hinder our ability to overcome obstacles.(此外，我们思想的影响不仅局限于个人成功，还会影响我们的人际关系以及对社会的贡献。友善的想法和举动能够促进和谐与合作，而消极的想法则可能导致冲突与孤立。选择播下同理心与理解的种子，能够让我们的人生因牢固的社会纽带和强烈的社区归属感而更加充实。此外，我们的思想能够塑造我们在逆境中的韧性，乐观的思维可以引领我们克服挑战，而悲观主义则可能阻碍我们跨越障碍。)”可知，第四段的主旨是思想在塑造我们的生活和人际关系中的力量。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams.(通过选择并培育积极的想法，同时为它们的成长创造条件，我们便能收获一种富足的人生，实现我们的目标与梦想。)”可知，培养积极的思想很重要。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Drawing everything together, the garden of our mind requires deliberate tending. By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams. The choice is ours: to plant the seeds of potential or to let the garden lie fallow (休耕). It is through this conscious cultivation that we can transform our minds from a plot overgrown with weeds into a garden blooming with the flowers of success and the fruits of meaningful contributions to society. The power to shape our destiny lies within us, and it begins with the thoughts we choose to plant today.(总而言之，我们的心灵花园需要悉心照料。通过选择并培育积极的想法，同时为它们的成长创造条件，我们便能收获一种富足的人生，实现我们的目标与梦想。选择权在我们手中：是播下潜力的种子，还是任由花园荒芜休耕。正是通过这种有意识的培育，我们才能将杂草丛生的心灵之地，变成开满成功之花、结满对社会有意义贡献之果的花园。塑造我们命运的力量就在我们自身，而这始于我们今天选择播下的思想。)”可知，本文主要讲的是将人的思想比作花园中的种子这一隐喻概念，强调思想对个人生活、发展、成功以及人际关系和社会贡献的重要影响，因此最好的题目是D选项“The Art of Inner Nurturing: Sowing Seeds for a Flourishing Life(内在滋养之道：播撒种子，收获繁盛人生)”。 第Ⅱ卷（共35分） 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） A kind father lost about 57 kg in just six months after being shamed dieting when he became too fat to play with his young daughter. Chris Willis, 47, tipped the scales at 172 kg following a lifetime of fatty foods. But overweight Chris turned to dieting when he realized he was too fat to play with his ten-year-old daughter, Sophie, who had a passion for running. The determined dad cut out all the fatty foods he had enjoyed, and began exercising. He now weights 105 kg after losing 10 kg every month since July. Chris, who lives in Shepreth. Cambridgeshire with his wife Jackie. 51, a coach driver, said: “The hardest thing was seeing my little girl in the garden and not being able to join in because I was so unhealthy. But now I am making up for lost time---we do so much together and it is just great.” Chris used to consume an incredible 5,000 calories a day, before he switched to healthy lifestyle. On average he would eat five slices of bread for breakfast as a mid morning meal before a full English breakfast. He would then eat a sandwich, a large pack of crisps and a pasty for lunch before chewing a whole packet of biscuits in the afternoon. For dinner Chris would demolish a curry(咖啡) and, ice cream, and also drink four pints of beer very quickly, before feeding on fatty snacks all evening. Amazingly Chris claims he still eats the same amount---but has simply cut out the unhealthy fatty foods. Chris said: “'My family and friends have been so supportive and my wife and daughter are so pleased for me. In fact it’s them I did it for more than anyone else. The whole journey has been amazing and I am still shocked myself that I have managed to lose so much weight.” Chris is now aiming for a new target weight of 96 kg. 56. Why did Chris Willis lose weight?(no more than 10 words) 57. What does the underlined word “demolish” mean? (1 word) 58. What measures did Chris take to lose weight? (no more than 10 words) 59. What’s Chris’ next plan for keeping healthy? (no more than 10 words) 60. How are you inspired by Chris Willis? (no more than 20 words) 【答案】56. Because be wanted to play with his daughter./Because he was too fat to play with his daughter. 57. Have/Eat/Consume.（大小写均可） 58. He cut out all the fatty foods and began exercising. 59. He aims/is aiming for a new target weight of 96 kg. 60. （答案不唯一）I am inspired by his determination and strong will and I’ll try my best to succeed./He inspires me to spare no effort to achieve my goals however difficult it is. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要围绕Chris减肥展开的，包括他减肥的原因和措施等。 【56题详解】 考查推理判断解。根据文中的“But overweight Chris turned to dieting when he realized he was too fat to play with his ten-year-old daughter, Sophie, who had a passion for running.（但是，当超重的克里斯意识到自己太胖而无法与热爱跑步的 10 岁女儿索菲玩耍时，他开始节食。）”可知，他减肥的原因是他想和她女儿一起玩。故可以表述为: Because he wanted to play with his daughter. / Because he was too fat to play. 【57题详解】 考查词义猜测。根据它在句中的位置及情态动词would可知，划线词是个动词，由后面所接的名词是“a curry(咖啡) and, ice cream”咖啡和冰淇淋等，所以可以猜到划线词是与“吃”这一动作有关的。故可以使用的词有：Have/Eat/Consume。 【58题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文中的“The determined dad cut out all the fatty foods he had enjoyed, and began exercising.（坚定的父亲不再吃他喜欢的所有高脂肪食物并开始锻炼。）”可知，他采取的措施为：不再吃他喜欢的所有高脂肪食物并开始锻炼，总结为：He cut out all the fatty foods and began exercising. 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文中的“Chris is now aiming for a new target weight of 96 kg.（他接下来的目标是将体重减到96kg。）”可知，他接下来要将体重减到96kg。故可以表述为：He aims/is aiming for a new target weight of 96 kg. 【60题详解】 考查开放性回答。这一题可以结合文中主人公的故事而得到的感悟去写，但是要遵守规则，即不能超过20个词。比如：I am inspired by his determination and strong will and I’ll try my best to succeed. / He inspires me to spare no effort to achieve my goals however difficult it is. 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假定你是晨光中学校英文报编辑李津，为普及网络安全知识，你校将面向全校学生举办一场网络安全主题宣传活动。请你用英文写一篇倡议书，内容包括： 1. 阐述如今网络使用日益普遍，网络隐患层出不穷； 2. 列举常见网络安全问题（个人信息泄露、网络诈骗、不良信息侵害等）； 3. 提出具体安全上网建议（至少2条）； 4. 呼吁同学们重视网络安全，文明安全上网。 注意：词数不少于100词； 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：网络安全cyber security 个人隐私personal privacy 网络诈骗online fraud，泄露leak Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential part of our daily life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential part of our daily life. However, while we enjoy the great convenience it brings, more and more cyber hidden dangers emerge. There are several common cyber security problems around us. First of all, casual exposure of personal information online may cause the leak of personal privacy. What’s more, online fraud may cause financial loss to us teenagers. Besides, we are often invaded by harmful bad information such as violence and rumors, which does great harm to our physical and mental development. To solve these problems, I’d like to put forward two practical suggestions. First, never click unknown network links or share your private information to strangers online. Second, we should learn to identify false bad information and refuse to visit untrusted unhealthy websites. I sincerely call on every student to attach importance to cyber security, and develop the good habit of surfing the Internet safely and politely. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一篇倡议书，针对网络安全问题提出建议、呼吁安全文明上网。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 出现：emerge → arise/turn up 对……有害：do harm to → be harmful to 解决：solve → settle 呼吁：call on → appeal to 2. 句式拓展 并列句改为复合句 原句：Second, we should learn to identify false bad information and refuse to visit untrusted unhealthy websites. 拓展句：Second, we should learn to identify what is false bad information and refuse to visit untrusted unhealthy websites. 【点睛】【高分句型1】However, while we enjoy the great convenience it brings, more and more cyber hidden dangers emerge.(使用了while引导时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】Besides, we are often invaded by harmful bad information such as violence and rumors, which does great harm to our physical and mental development. (使用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $