专题13 Unit 4 Time to celebrate 课文讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新七年级英语暑期预习系列（外研版）

专题13 Unit 4 Time to celebrate 课文讲解（暑假讲义） 一．单词学习 1.unusual /ˈʌnjuːɡuəl/ adj. 不平常的 usual adj.通常的 usually adv.通常地 2.university /ˌjuːməˈvɜːsəti/ n. 大学 3.treat /trit/ v. 请客，款待，招待 4.realise /ˈrɪəlɑːz/ v. 知道；明白；认识到 5.dumpling /ˈdʌmplɪŋ/ n. 水饺 6.whole /həʊl/ adj. 整个的，全部的 7.cucumber /ˈkjʊɪkʌmbə/ n. 黄瓜 8.hang /hæŋ/ v. 悬挂 9.balloon /bəˈluːn/ n. 气球 10.lantern /ˈlæntən/ n. 灯笼；提灯 11.dish /diʃ/ n. (烹制好的) 菜肴，一道菜 12.joke /dʒəʊk/ v. 说笑话；开玩笑 13.against the law 违法 14.shocked /jɔkt/ adj. 吃惊的，震惊的 15.laugh /laɪf/ v. 发出笑声，（大）笑 16.pork /pɔːk/ n. 猪肉 17.round /raʊnd/ adj. 圆形的，环形的 18.shape /ʃeɪp/ n. 形，形状，外形 19.reunion /riːˈjuːnjən/ n. 团圆，团聚 20.piece /piːs/ n. 块；片；段；截 21.knife /naɪf/ n. 刀 life n.生活 22.smell /smel/ n. 气味 23.fill /fil/ v. 弥漫，充满 24.Christmas /ˈkrɪsməs/ n. 圣诞节（期间） 25.waste /wɛst/ n. 废料，废弃物 26.throw away 扔掉，丢弃 27.pollution /pəˈluːʃən/ n. 污染 28.plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ adj. 塑料制的 29.celebrate /ˈselebrət/ v. 庆祝 celebration n.庆祝 30.meal /miːl/ n. 一餐；饭 31.duty /ˈdjuːti/ n. 职责，义务 32.shine /ʃaɪn/ v. 发光，发亮 33.usually /ˈjuːɡuəli/ adv. 通常地；惯常地 34.break /breɪk/ n. 中断，暂停 35.emergency /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况，不测事件 36.miss /mis/ v. 错过、想念 37.thirsty /ˈθɜːsti/ adj. 渴的，口渴的 38.challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ n. 挑战，具有挑战性的事物 39.patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ n. 病人，患者 adj.有耐心的 40.situation /ˌsɪtfjuˈeɪʃən/ n. 形势，情况，状况，局面 41.regret /riˈgreɪt/ v. 后悔（做了某事）；对……感到遗憾 42.decision /diˈsɪʒən/ n. 决定，抉择 decide v. 决定 43.support /səˈpɔːt/ n. 支持 important adj.重要的 44.medical /ˈmedɪkəl/ adj. 医学的；医疗的 45.firework /ˈfaɪəwɜːk/ n. 烟火，烟花 二．课文学习1 Understanding ideas An unusual Spring Festival 1.It is my first year of university in the UK. My English friend, Emilia,is a nice girl. Sometimes, she cooks British food for me. Today is the Spring Festival, so I want to treat her to a Chinese dinner. 2.At home, I often watch Grandma cook. I never realised cooking was so difficult. How I wish to have four hands now! 3.It is midnight in China - time for dumplings. My whole family come to help me on the phone. Step by step,they teach me. I even make some cucumber flowers. 4.After Emilia hangs balloons and lanterns in the dining room, I put the last dish on the table."This is the lion's head!" 5."Are you joking? Isn't that against the law?"Emilia is shocked. 6.I laugh. "It's a pork meatball. My family always have it at the Spring Festival. Its round shape stands for family reunions. Try it!" 7 Emilia cuts a piece of it with her knife and puts it into her mouth. "I love it!" she says.The smell of the dishes and the sound of our laughing fill the room. 8 I feel like I am back home. 1. 这是我来英国上大学的第一年。我的英国朋友埃米莉亚是个很好的女孩，她有时会为我做英国菜。今天是春节，我想请她吃一顿中式晚餐。 2. 在家时，我经常看奶奶做饭。我从未意识到做饭竟然如此困难。真希望我现在能有四只手啊！ 3. 现在中国已是午夜——正是吃饺子的时候。全家人都通过电话过来帮我；他们一步步指导我，我还亲手做了一些黄瓜花装饰。 4. 埃米莉亚在餐厅挂好气球和灯笼后，我把最后一道菜摆上了桌。“这就是狮子头！” 5.“你开玩笑吧？这不违法吗？”埃米莉亚震惊地问道。 6. 他们笑了起来：“这是猪肉丸子。我们家每逢春节都会吃这个。它的圆形造型象征着家庭团聚，一定要试试！”埃米莉亚用刀切下一块放入口中，“我太爱它了！”她说道。菜肴的香气与我们的笑声充满了整个房间。 8 我感觉就像回到了家。 课内知识解析 1 An Unusual Spring Festival 一个不寻常的春节 unusual /ʌnˈju:ʒuəl/ adj.不平常的 由“un-(否定前缀)+usual(adj.通常的)”构成。unusual的发音以元音音素开头，其前有不定冠词时，应用an。 Tan Dun is an unusual man with great musical talent. 谭盾是一个与众不同的人，有着非凡的音乐天赋。（南通中考改编） 拓展 2 I wanted to treat my British friend，Emilia，to a Chinese dinner. 我想请我的英国朋友埃米莉亚吃一顿中式晚餐。 ［名词］款待；招待 give sb. a treat 招待某人 Why not go out for dinner?My treat this time.为什么不出去吃晚饭呢？这次我请客。 ［动词］对待 treat sb./sth.  with... 以……态度对待某人/某物 If you treat others with your heart,you will get friendship in return.如果你用心对待别人，作为回报，你会得到友谊。（成都中考） ［动词］ 把……看作 treat... as...把……看作…… They treat the dog as a member of their family.他们把这只狗视作家庭的一员。 3.However，I just couldn’t make it. 但是，我实在做不出来。 however /haʊˈevə/ adv.然而，不过，但是 however与but 两者均可表示转折，区别如下： however 副词 可位于句首、句中、句末，一般用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开 but 连词 常位于句中，其后通常不用逗号隔开 He was feeling bad. He went to work, however.他感觉不舒服，但他还是去上班了。 Jack plays football well but I don’t.=Jack plays football well. However, I don’t.杰克足球踢得很好，但我踢得不好。 watch sb./sth. do sth.观看某人/某物做某事 watch sb./sth. do sth.与watch sb./sth. doing sth. watch sb./sth.  do sth. 意为“观看某人/某物做某事”,强调观看动作发生的全过程或经常观看某动作 I watched her go out of the room.我看着她走出了房间。 I often watch Gina play the piano.我经常观看吉娜弹钢琴。 watch sb./sth.  doing sth. 意为“观看某人/某物正在做某事”, 强调观看正在进行的动作 I am watching Gina playing the piano.我正在观看吉娜弹钢琴。 watch 强调聚精会神地看，含有欣赏的意思，常用于看电视、看比赛、看电影等。 watch sb do sth看某人做了/经常做某事 watch sb doing sth看某人正在做某事 watch TV see 强调“看”的结果(看见)；可用于看电影，看病，明白等。 see sb do sth看见某人做了/经常做某事 see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事 see a film read 强调“读”，指看书、看报纸或杂志等。 read the newspaper look 强调看的动作，可单独使用； 接宾语时需加上介词at； 作系动词意为“看起来”，接形容词作表语。 look at the blackboard anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/ pron.任何事物 ［复合不定代词］常用于否定句或疑问句中。其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Don’t do anything until we get there.我们到那儿之前不要采取任何行动。 Did you do anything special for your mother on her birthday?你妈妈生日那天你为她做了什么特别的事吗？ （形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置） 【特别提醒】 something表示“某事；某物”，常用于肯定句中。但是，在表示委婉的邀请、请求、建议等并希望得到肯定回答的问句中，用something而不用anything。 Could you please give me something to drink?请给我点儿喝的好吗？ 反身代词的用法： 反身代词不能作主语，但可作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如： The box itself is not so heavy.(主语同位语)箱子本身并不重。 反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。如：You may go and ask the teacher himself.(宾语的同位语) 反身代词可以作介词的宾语。常用结构：by oneself全靠自己；say to oneself自言自语　如： Take good care of yourself.照顾好你自己。 反身代词作动词的宾语： enjoy oneself玩得高兴 help oneself(to)随便用…… hurt oneself伤害自己　teach oneself自学 get oneself dressed自己穿衣　seat oneself就座 5. But my whole family came to my help on the phone.但全家人都在电话里帮我。 whole /həʊl/ adj.全部的，整个的 whole与all两者均可作形容词修饰名词，区别如下： whole 全部的，整个的 位于冠词、物主代词等限定词之后，即“限定词+whole+名词” all 所有的，全部的 位于定冠词the、物主代词等限定词之前，即“all+限定词+名词” 【语境串记】 All the students in our class study hard. We studied the whole day yesterday.我们班所有的学生学习都很努力。我们昨天一整天都在学习。 6.After Emilia hung balloons and lanterns in the dining room，I put the last dish on the table. 埃米莉亚在餐厅挂上气球和灯笼后，我把最后一道菜放到了桌子上。 hang v.悬挂--hung(过去式) hang v.绞死，上吊--hanged(过去式) hang on=hold on=wait a minute=wait a moment稍等 hang out逛街，闲逛 hang up挂断电话；悬挂 dish n.盘子，碟子；菜肴 do/wash the dishes洗盘子 make a dish做一道菜 7“Are you joking? Isn’t that against the law?”Emilia was shocked.“ 你在开玩笑吗？那难道不是违法的吗？”埃米莉亚很震惊。 joke /dʒəʊk/ v.说笑话；开玩笑 ［动词］同义词为kid。 You must be joking/kidding. 你一定是在开玩笑吧。 ［可数名词］笑话；玩笑 tell a joke/jokes 讲笑话 make a joke/jokes 开玩笑 play a joke/jokes on sb. 开某人的玩笑 Jim is a funny boy. He is good at telling jokes.吉姆是个有趣的男孩。他擅长讲笑话。（贵港中考） He is just making a joke.他只是开个玩笑。 We played a joke on John just now.我们刚才和约翰开了个玩笑。 against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 违背，与……相悖 against prep.反对；违背；与...竞争；倚着 play against...与......比赛 be against...反对...... protect sb./sth. against...保护某人或某物免受到......的伤害 warn sb against doing sth警告某人不要做某事 fight against sb.与某人作斗争 lead sb against ...带领某人反抗...... 8.Emilia cut a piece of it with her knife and put it into her mouth. 埃米莉亚用她的刀切了一块，放进嘴里。 a piece of 一片；一块；一段 （1）常用来表示不可数名词的量;如果 表示的量超过一，要用“基数词（大于1）+pieces of”。 She wrote something on a small piece of paper.她在一小片纸上写了点什么。 —Kevin, please help me repair the alarm clock. 凯文，请帮我修理闹钟。 —No problem! It’s a piece of cake. 没问题！小菜一碟。 （2）a piece of...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；“基数词（大于1）+pieces of...”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 ［可数名词］其复数形式是将fe变为v再加-es,即knives。 He cut the apple in half with a knife.他用刀将苹果切成两半。 The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。 以-f（e）结尾,复数形式变-f（e）为-ves的词 妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf）, 小偷（thief）吓得发了慌。 躲在架（shelf）后保己（self）命（life）， 半（half）片树叶（leaf）遮目光。 9. The smell of the dishes and our laughter filled the room. 菜肴的香味和我们的笑声充满了整个房间。 smell /smel/ n.气味 Sandy’s yard is sweet with the smell of flowers.桑迪的院子里花香扑鼻。 （1）［系动词］有……气味 其后常接形容词作表语。 Mum is cooking chicken soup. It smells so good.妈妈正在煮鸡汤，闻起来很香。 （2）［动词］闻到，嗅到 I can smell something burning.我能闻到什么东西烧焦了。 fill...（with...） （用……）把……装满 Smoke filled the room.房间里烟雾弥漫。 She filled the glass with juice.她把玻璃杯倒满了果汁。 be filled with充满…… 相当于be full of。 其中full作形容词，意为“满的；充满的”。 The air was filled with（=was full of） the sound of children’s laughter.空气中充满孩子们的笑声。 10.I felt like I was back home. 我感觉像回到了家里。 feel like感觉像 其后常接名词（短语）或从句等。 She made me feel like a child.她让我感觉自己像个孩子。（接名词） I felt like I was a fish in the pool.我感觉自己像池塘里的一条鱼。（接从句） feel like sth.想要某物 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 I feel like a drink.我想要一杯饮料。 I don’t feel like saying anything now.我现在什么都不想说。 随堂训练 一、根据句意和汉语或首字母提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 1. In Chinese ______ (文化), the dragon is a symbol (象征) of power and luck. 2. How do you ______ (通常地) celebrate the Spring Festival? 3. They moved to Dalian, a city in the ______ (北方) of China. 4. The old enjoy the warm weather in the ______ (南方) during winter. 5. My parents usually s______ up during the Spring Festival. 6. The D______ Ninth Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. 7. What do you like best about the D______ Boat Festival? 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I washed the clothes and cleaned the room all by ______ (my). 2. The dish is so ______ (salt). Please give me more water. 3. Are there any interesting ______ (post) on Weibo? 4. There are lots of trees along these ______ (riverside). 5. My father ______ (prefer) tea to coffee in the morning. 6. I ______ (usual) go for a run in the morning before work. 7. My favourite ______ (activity) include enjoying the moon and eating the mooncakes. 8. ______ (eat) zongzi is a must during the Dragon Boat Festival. 三、完成句子，每空不止一词。 1. 河畔通常充满了人。 The riversides are usually ______ ______ ______ people. 2. 她宁愿待在家里，也不愿意去公园跑步。 She ______ ______ ______ stay at home rather than ______ ______ in the park. 3. 它总是在农历五月初五来临。 It always ______ ______ on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. 4. 中国北方做的粽子常是甜的。 Zongzi ______ ______ ______ ______ are usually sweet. 5. 这个节日最好的部分是龙舟比赛。 The best part of the festival is the ______ ______ ______. 三．课文学习2 Reading for writing When Duty Shines For Chinese people, festivals usually mean a break from work and happy family reunions. But for Leng Wenying, festivals only mean more work. As a doctor in the emergency room, Leng misses many family meals with her loved ones. She is often much busier during festivals. Sometimes she has to work without any breaks for 20 hours. This makes her tired and thirsty.“Festivals are a challenge because our patients are often in a bad situation. We need to stand by every minute," says Leng. Leng's duty means she has little time to be with her family at festivals. But she never regrets her decision to be an ER doctor. "I make the most of every minute with my family. I'm very thankful for their support," she says. Leng is only one of millions of medical workers in China. They give up their family time to answer the call of duty. In the heart of every patient, their hard work shines brighter than festive fireworks. 当职责照耀 对于中国人来说，节日通常意味着暂别工作，与家人欢聚一堂。但对冷文英来说，节日只意味着更多的工作。作为急诊科医生，冷文英错过了许多与亲人共享的家庭聚餐。她在节日期间通常更加忙碌。有时候，她需要连续工作20个小时而没有任何休息。这让她感到疲倦和口渴。“节日对我们来说是个挑战，因为我们的病人通常处于不好的情况下。我们需要时刻待命，”冷文英说道。冷文英的职责意味着她在节日里很少有时间与家人在一起。但她从不后悔选择成为急诊科医生。“我尽量利用每一分钟和家人在一起。我非常感激他们的支持，”她说。冷文英只是中国数百万医务工作者中的一员。他们放弃了与家人共度的时光，响应职责的召唤。在每位病人的心中，他们的辛勤工作比任何节日的烟火都更加耀眼。 课内知识解析 1.For Chinese people，festivals usually mean a break from work and happy family reunions. 对于中国人来说，节日往往意味着放下工作，享受家庭团聚的欢乐时光。 mean /mi:n/ v.意味着；意思是，表示……的意思 mean作动词的用法： 意味着 mean sth.意味着某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 Those clouds mean rain.那些云意味着要下雨。 This new order will mean working overtime.这个新订单意味着要加班加点。 意思是 What does...mean?= What’s the meaning of...?……的意思是什么? What does this word mean?=What’s the meaning of this word?这个单词是什么意思？ 打算； 意欲 mean to do sth.打算做某事 We mean to visit you tomorrow.我们打算明天去看你。 a break from...暂时中断…… Let’s take a break from the training.让我们暂停训练，休息一下。 （1）［名词］短暂的假期，休假 We had a weekend break in Chengdu.我们在成都度过了一个周末。 （2）［动词］(使)破碎；损坏 I’m sorry for breaking the vase.很抱歉我打碎了这个花瓶。 Who broke the radio?谁把这台收音机弄坏了？ 2.Festivals are a challenge because our patients are often in a bad situation.节日是一个挑战，因为我们的病人往往状况很糟糕。 challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ n.挑战，具有挑战性的事物 the challenge of... ……的挑战 face challenges/a challenge 面对挑战 take on/accept a challenge 接受挑战 Schools must meet the challenge of new technologies.学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。 Whenever you face challenges, don’t give up!无论你何时面对挑战，都不要放弃！ ［动词］向……挑战 challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事 He challenged me to a game of chess.他向我挑战下一盘棋。 A patient should follow the doctor’s advice.病人应该听从医嘱。 （1）［形容词］有耐心的 be patient with sb.对某人有耐心 The teacher is very patient with her students.这位老师对她的学生很有耐心。 （2）与patient相关的词： 【语境串记】 Mr. Brown is a patient doctor. He always examines his patients patiently. It seems that he never gets impatient. His patience makes him the most popular doctor in the hospital.布朗先生是一位有耐心的医生。他总是耐心地给他的病人做检查。他似乎从没不耐烦过。他的耐心使他成为医院里最受欢迎的医生。 3.We need to stand by every minute. 我们需要随时待命。 stand by准备行动 表示需要准备好，并且能随时开始做某事。 Doctors need to stand by to save people.医生需要随时准备救人。 （1）袖手旁观 I’m not going to stand by and see her hurt.我不会袖手旁观眼看着她受伤。 （2）支持，拥护 I have nothing to fear because my family always stand by me.我没什么害怕的，因为我的家人一直在我身边。 4.But she never regrets her decision to be an ER doctor. 但她从未后悔过选择成为一名急诊医生。 regret /rɪˈɡret/ v.后悔（做了某事）；对……感到遗憾 其后常接名词、代词、动词-ing、动词不定式或从句作宾语。 I soon came to regret my action.我很快就后悔自己的行为。 I regret being unable to come today.=I regret that I can’t come today.今天不能前来，我很遗憾。 拓展［名词］懊悔；遗憾 I have no regrets at becoming a teacher.我不后悔成为一 名老师。 ［可数名词］常用短语有： make decisions/make a decision/make one’s decision 做决定 make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.决定做某事 I think he made an important decision.我认为他做了一个重要的决定。 We made a decision/decided to go to Beijing next week.我们决定下周去北京。 5.I make the most of every minute with my family. 我充分利用和家人在一起的每一分钟。 make the most of sth.充分利用某事物 其中most作代词，意为“大多数，大部分，几乎全部”。 She made the most of the chance and became a famous singer.她充分利用那次机会，成了一名著名歌手。 Let’s make the most of the sunshine.让我们好好享受阳光。 6. I’m very thankful for their support. 我非常感谢他们的支持。 be thankful for... 感谢…… You should be thankful for your good fortune.你应该庆幸自己的好运气。 be thankful to sb. （for...）（因……）对某人心存感激 I’m very thankful to all of you.我非常感谢你们所有人。 You should be thankful to your parents for giving you a good education. 你应该感谢父母给予你良好的教育。 Thanks to their support and help, I began to keep pace with them.多亏了他们的支持和帮助，我开始跟上他们的步伐。 ［动词］支持 support sb. in （doing） sth.在（做）某事上支持某人 Let’s support each other and help each other.让我们互相支持，互相帮助吧。 I support you in your decision.我支持你的决定。 7.They give up their family time to answer the call of duty. 他们放弃了陪伴家人的时间，来响应职责的召唤。 give up放弃 “动词+副词”型短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语。宾语为名词时，放在up之前或之后均可；宾语为人称代词时，只能放在give与up之间。 Jack isn’t good at English, but he won’t give it up.杰克不擅长英语，但他不会放弃。 To keep healthy, the doctor advised him to give up smoking.为了保持健康，医生建议他戒烟。 随堂训练 一、根据句意和汉语或首字母提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 1. ______ (圣诞节) is also an important festival in the West. 2. We need to reduce (减少) the use of ______ (塑料的) bags to protect the environment. 3. I don't think we need to w______ so much time on this question. 4. There are lots of cars now, so air p______ is a serious problem in our country. 5. It's a g______ for my mother's birthday. 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. How about ______ (use) the plastic tree in the living room? 2. People cut down lots of trees on Christmas. It can create great ______ (pollute). 3. All festivals can ______ (bring) environmental problems. 4. We ______ (usual) celebrate this festival with our family and friends. 5. Our family usually has two ______ (meal) 6. There are some creative ways ______ (celebrate) Christmas nowadays. 7. People eat ______ (million) of turkeys every year. 8. We shouldn't ______ (throw) away these gift boxes. They're useful in life. 三、完成句子，每空不止一词。 1. 人们每年砍伐太多的树木。 People ______ ______ too many trees every year. 2. 天空中有数百万的星星。 There are ______ ______ ______ stars in the sky. 3. 他们打算买一棵圣诞树。 They're going to buy a ______ ______. 4. 他们在墙上张贴了一些海报。 They ______ ______ some posts on the wall. 5. 这两种节日都能产生污染。 These two festivals both can ______ ______. 综合训练 一．完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Do you know anything about the Mid-Autumn Festival? How do people celebrate (庆祝) it? What is the history of this 1 ? The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most 2 festivals in China. It is a 3 for all the people. In China, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a reunion (团聚) 4 for families, just like Thanksgiving Day in some other countries. 5 that day, family members get together for a big dinner. They admire the moon, 6 mooncakes and so on. People in many other 7 also celebrate it, such as Singapore and Malaysia. The date is the same as that in China, but there is no holiday. The Mid-Autumn Festival has a history of about 1,300 8 . People worshipped (敬拜) the moon to give thanks for the harvest (收获) . At the same time, people hope for the “harvest-giving light” to come again in the 9 year. People thought that worshipping the moon could bring a good harvest. Today, people have a lot of 10 to eat. But the Mid-Autumn Festival is still meaningful. That’s because the full moon during the festival is a symbol (象征) of family reunions. 1．A．name B．school C．street D．festival 2．A．beautiful B．important C．difficult D．dangerous 3．A．end B．cookie C．fog D．holiday 4．A．time B．table C．boot D．camp 5．A．In B．On C．Of D．For 6．A．eat B．meet C．move D．plant 7．A．shops B．boxes C．cities D．countries 8．A．days B．weeks C．months D．years 9．A．coming B．playing C．learning D．raining 10．A．salt B．water C．food D．money 2． 阅读理解 （1） There are many traditional (传统的) holidays in China. The Spring Festival is the most important one in China. On the evening before the Spring Festival, all the family members get together and have a big dinner. After dinner, they watch TV and play cards while waiting for the new year to come. The next one is the Lantern Festival. It is on the 15th day of the first lunar (农历) month. That night people often go out to enjoy the lantern show. Then comes the Dragon Boat Festival. It is on the 5th day of the fifth lunar month. It is a festival for an ancient poet (诗人) Qu Yuan. People often hold dragon boat competitions (竞赛) on that day. So it is now a festival of the traditional Chinese sports. The next one is the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. The whole family sit in the open air and enjoy the bright moon while they’re eating mooncakes and fresh fruit. 1．How many festivals does the writer talk about? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．What do people do on the Spring Festival Eve? A．Have a big dinner together B．Watch TV and play cards C．Have a party D．Both A and B 3．Why do people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival? A．People want to enjoy the moon. B．People love going boating. C．People want to remember Qu Yuan. D．People like eating rice dumplings. 4．What does the underlined word “ancient” mean? A．现代的 B．古代的 C．著名的 D．智慧的 5．What’s the best title (题目) of the passage? A．Traditional Chinese Sports B．The Most Important Festival C．Traditional Festivals in China D．Traditional Chinese Food （2） Notice: A Fun Spring Festival at Chikan Old Street! Dear students, The Spring Festival is coming! Do you want to have a great time? Chikan Old Street in Zhanjiang has fun activities for you. Come and join us! Time: From 17th February to 23rd February. Activities: ★ You can see folk shows（民俗表演）at 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m． ★ You can also try delicious local food, like rice noodles and shrimp cakes. ★ You can buy postcards or small toys for your friends. To get there, you can take Bus No. 2 or Bus No. 11. The oldstreet is free for everyone. Please keep it clean and don’t throw rubbish. Let’s enjoy the happy time together！ Welcome to Chikan Old Street this Spring Festival! 1．When can students enjoy the activities at Chikan Old Street? A．On 17th January. B．On 20th February. C．On 23rd March. D．On 18th April. 2．What can’t students do at Chikan Old Street? A．See folk shows. B．Try delicious local food. C．Buy postcards or small toys. D．Watch a movie. 3．What local food can students try there? A．Rice noodles and shrimp cakes. B．Hamburgers and chips. C．Bread and milk. D．Ice cream and pizzas. 4．Which bus can take students to Chikan Old Street? A．Bus No.3. B．Bus No.5. C．Bus No.11. D．Bus No.15. 5．What is the main idea of this notice? A．To tell students about the history of the Spring Festival. B．To introduce the Spring Festival activities at Chikan Old Street. C．To ask students to clean Chikan Old Street. D．To teach students to make local food. 三．语法填空 阅读短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Spring Festival has many titles. It is the oldest festival in China. It’s also one of the country’s most important festivals. And now it has a new title. It’s a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) (非物质文化遗产) . The Spring Festival falls on the 1 (one) day of the Chinese calendar. It means the 2 (begin) of the new year. For many, celebrations for the festival start weeks before Chinese New Year’s Day. And 3 (them) last until the Lantern Festival. People have many activities to celebrate it, like prayers for a 4 (luck) year and family reunions. Many Spring Festival traditions still stand today. For example, people enjoy 5 (set) off fireworks and hanging up red lanterns 6 (drive) away evil spirits. They also put up red Spring Festival couplets on their doors. This is one of the things done for good luck. Paper cutting and Lantern Festival events are also important parts of the 7 (colour) celebrations. The Spring Festival is now a public holiday in almost twenty 8 (country). One in five people in the world celebrate it. China 9 (have) 44 items on the UNESCOICH List, more than any other country. 四．选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。 friend  eat  meaning  but  usual  hike  they  a  have  of The Shangsi Festival (节日), also named the Double Third Festival, is a special Chinese festival. It comes on the third day of March in the Chinese lunar calendar (农历). This festival 1 a long history. In the past, people had some 2 traditions (传统) like washing in rivers on this day. They wanted to make bad luck go away and have a happy life in this way. Now the Shangsi Festival isn’t famous like other Chinese festivals, 3 many national minorities (少数民族) still celebrate it. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people 4 sing songs and do bamboo dancing together. They want to find 5 love and have a good coming year. However, for the Han people, they like 6 , enjoying flowers and flying kites outside. Special food is also 7 important part of the festival. People in Guangxi must 8 five-colored rice and painted eggs on this day. They think the rice is good for health. And the painted eggs are the symbol 9 love. The Shangsi Festival is a great time for families and 10 to be together. It helps to keep our old traditions alive while enjoying the nice spring weather. 五．任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题，并将答案写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每小题答案不超过10个单词。 Like China, many other countries see spring’s coming as blessing (祝福) and happiness. In South Korea, people also greet spring by preparing a large meal. Tteokguk, a soup dish with rice cakes, is a traditional food at the New Year dining table. The round rice cakes look like coins, and people eat them, hoping to become rich in the coming year. In India, people celebrate spring with a traditional Hindu festival called Holi, also called the “Festival of Spring”. It is usually during February and March every year. Dancing and singing are how Indian people celebrate spring at the festival. Russians celebrate the festival that is called Maslenitsa in springtime. The festival is celebrated at the end of February or in early March each year. People will make round pancakes into yellow to show their thanks to the sun, and in the dark night, people light fires for celebrations. In the USA, there is a special event to celebrate the spring’s coming. People burn (燃烧) socks to show they can go barefoot (赤脚) when the weather warms up. It’s a hope to have the winter end soon and the spring come early. People in the USA also do the spring cleaning to drive away bad things. 1．What do round rice cakes look like in South Korea? 2．Which country celebrates Holi in spring? 3．When do Russians celebrate Maslenitsa each year? 4．Why do people in the USA do the spring cleaning? 5．What is a special way to welcome spring in China? And why does it go that way? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 Unit 4 Time to celebrate 课文讲解（暑假讲义） 一．单词学习 1.unusual /ˈʌnjuːɡuəl/ adj. 不平常的 usual adj.通常的 usually adv.通常地 2.university /ˌjuːməˈvɜːsəti/ n. 大学 3.treat /trit/ v. 请客，款待，招待 4.realise /ˈrɪəlɑːz/ v. 知道；明白；认识到 5.dumpling /ˈdʌmplɪŋ/ n. 水饺 6.whole /həʊl/ adj. 整个的，全部的 7.cucumber /ˈkjʊɪkʌmbə/ n. 黄瓜 8.hang /hæŋ/ v. 悬挂 9.balloon /bəˈluːn/ n. 气球 10.lantern /ˈlæntən/ n. 灯笼；提灯 11.dish /diʃ/ n. (烹制好的) 菜肴，一道菜 12.joke /dʒəʊk/ v. 说笑话；开玩笑 13.against the law 违法 14.shocked /jɔkt/ adj. 吃惊的，震惊的 15.laugh /laɪf/ v. 发出笑声，（大）笑 16.pork /pɔːk/ n. 猪肉 17.round /raʊnd/ adj. 圆形的，环形的 18.shape /ʃeɪp/ n. 形，形状，外形 19.reunion /riːˈjuːnjən/ n. 团圆，团聚 20.piece /piːs/ n. 块；片；段；截 21.knife /naɪf/ n. 刀 life n.生活 22.smell /smel/ n. 气味 23.fill /fil/ v. 弥漫，充满 24.Christmas /ˈkrɪsməs/ n. 圣诞节（期间） 25.waste /wɛst/ n. 废料，废弃物 26.throw away 扔掉，丢弃 27.pollution /pəˈluːʃən/ n. 污染 28.plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ adj. 塑料制的 29.celebrate /ˈselebrət/ v. 庆祝 celebration n.庆祝 30.meal /miːl/ n. 一餐；饭 31.duty /ˈdjuːti/ n. 职责，义务 32.shine /ʃaɪn/ v. 发光，发亮 33.usually /ˈjuːɡuəli/ adv. 通常地；惯常地 34.break /breɪk/ n. 中断，暂停 35.emergency /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况，不测事件 36.miss /mis/ v. 错过、想念 37.thirsty /ˈθɜːsti/ adj. 渴的，口渴的 38.challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ n. 挑战，具有挑战性的事物 39.patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ n. 病人，患者 adj.有耐心的 40.situation /ˌsɪtfjuˈeɪʃən/ n. 形势，情况，状况，局面 41.regret /riˈgreɪt/ v. 后悔（做了某事）；对……感到遗憾 42.decision /diˈsɪʒən/ n. 决定，抉择 decide v. 决定 43.support /səˈpɔːt/ n. 支持 important adj.重要的 44.medical /ˈmedɪkəl/ adj. 医学的；医疗的 45.firework /ˈfaɪəwɜːk/ n. 烟火，烟花 二．课文学习1 Understanding ideas An unusual Spring Festival 1.It is my first year of university in the UK. My English friend, Emilia,is a nice girl. Sometimes, she cooks British food for me. Today is the Spring Festival, so I want to treat her to a Chinese dinner. 2.At home, I often watch Grandma cook. I never realised cooking was so difficult. How I wish to have four hands now! 3.It is midnight in China - time for dumplings. My whole family come to help me on the phone. Step by step,they teach me. I even make some cucumber flowers. 4.After Emilia hangs balloons and lanterns in the dining room, I put the last dish on the table."This is the lion's head!" 5."Are you joking? Isn't that against the law?"Emilia is shocked. 6.I laugh. "It's a pork meatball. My family always have it at the Spring Festival. Its round shape stands for family reunions. Try it!" 7 Emilia cuts a piece of it with her knife and puts it into her mouth. "I love it!" she says.The smell of the dishes and the sound of our laughing fill the room. 8 I feel like I am back home. 1. 这是我来英国上大学的第一年。我的英国朋友埃米莉亚是个很好的女孩，她有时会为我做英国菜。今天是春节，我想请她吃一顿中式晚餐。 2. 在家时，我经常看奶奶做饭。我从未意识到做饭竟然如此困难。真希望我现在能有四只手啊！ 3. 现在中国已是午夜——正是吃饺子的时候。全家人都通过电话过来帮我；他们一步步指导我，我还亲手做了一些黄瓜花装饰。 4. 埃米莉亚在餐厅挂好气球和灯笼后，我把最后一道菜摆上了桌。“这就是狮子头！” 5.“你开玩笑吧？这不违法吗？”埃米莉亚震惊地问道。 6. 他们笑了起来：“这是猪肉丸子。我们家每逢春节都会吃这个。它的圆形造型象征着家庭团聚，一定要试试！”埃米莉亚用刀切下一块放入口中，“我太爱它了！”她说道。菜肴的香气与我们的笑声充满了整个房间。 8 我感觉就像回到了家。 课内知识解析 1 An Unusual Spring Festival 一个不寻常的春节 unusual /ʌnˈju:ʒuəl/ adj.不平常的 由“un-(否定前缀)+usual(adj.通常的)”构成。unusual的发音以元音音素开头，其前有不定冠词时，应用an。 Tan Dun is an unusual man with great musical talent. 谭盾是一个与众不同的人，有着非凡的音乐天赋。（南通中考改编） 拓展 2 I wanted to treat my British friend，Emilia，to a Chinese dinner. 我想请我的英国朋友埃米莉亚吃一顿中式晚餐。 ［名词］款待；招待 give sb. a treat 招待某人 Why not go out for dinner?My treat this time.为什么不出去吃晚饭呢？这次我请客。 ［动词］对待 treat sb./sth.  with... 以……态度对待某人/某物 If you treat others with your heart,you will get friendship in return.如果你用心对待别人，作为回报，你会得到友谊。（成都中考） ［动词］ 把……看作 treat... as...把……看作…… They treat the dog as a member of their family.他们把这只狗视作家庭的一员。 3.However，I just couldn’t make it. 但是，我实在做不出来。 however /haʊˈevə/ adv.然而，不过，但是 however与but 两者均可表示转折，区别如下： however 副词 可位于句首、句中、句末，一般用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开 but 连词 常位于句中，其后通常不用逗号隔开 He was feeling bad. He went to work, however.他感觉不舒服，但他还是去上班了。 Jack plays football well but I don’t.=Jack plays football well. However, I don’t.杰克足球踢得很好，但我踢得不好。 4.I often watched Grandma cook，but I never cooked anything myself. 我经常看奶奶做饭，但从来没有自己做 过饭。 watch sb./sth. do sth.观看某人/某物做某事 watch sb./sth. do sth.与watch sb./sth. doing sth. watch sb./sth.  do sth. 意为“观看某人/某物做某事”,强调观看动作发生的全过程或经常观看某动作 I watched her go out of the room.我看着她走出了房间。 I often watch Gina play the piano.我经常观看吉娜弹钢琴。 watch sb./sth.  doing sth. 意为“观看某人/某物正在做某事”, 强调观看正在进行的动作 I am watching Gina playing the piano.我正在观看吉娜弹钢琴。 watch 强调聚精会神地看，含有欣赏的意思，常用于看电视、看比赛、看电影等。 watch sb do sth看某人做了/经常做某事 watch sb doing sth看某人正在做某事 watch TV see 强调“看”的结果(看见)；可用于看电影，看病，明白等。 see sb do sth看见某人做了/经常做某事 see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事 see a film read 强调“读”，指看书、看报纸或杂志等。 read the newspaper look 强调看的动作，可单独使用； 接宾语时需加上介词at； 作系动词意为“看起来”，接形容词作表语。 look at the blackboard anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/ pron.任何事物 ［复合不定代词］常用于否定句或疑问句中。其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Don’t do anything until we get there.我们到那儿之前不要采取任何行动。 Did you do anything special for your mother on her birthday?你妈妈生日那天你为她做了什么特别的事吗？ （形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置） 【特别提醒】 something表示“某事；某物”，常用于肯定句中。但是，在表示委婉的邀请、请求、建议等并希望得到肯定回答的问句中，用something而不用anything。 Could you please give me something to drink?请给我点儿喝的好吗？ myself /maɪˈself/ pron.我本人，我亲自，我自己 反身代词的用法： 反身代词不能作主语，但可作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如： The box itself is not so heavy.(主语同位语)箱子本身并不重。 反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。如：You may go and ask the teacher himself.(宾语的同位语) 反身代词可以作介词的宾语。常用结构：by oneself全靠自己；say to oneself自言自语　如： Take good care of yourself.照顾好你自己。 反身代词作动词的宾语： enjoy oneself玩得高兴 help oneself(to)随便用…… hurt oneself伤害自己　teach oneself自学 get oneself dressed自己穿衣　seat oneself就座 5. But my whole family came to my help on the phone.但全家人都在电话里帮我。 whole /həʊl/ adj.全部的，整个的 whole与all两者均可作形容词修饰名词，区别如下： whole 全部的，整个的 位于冠词、物主代词等限定词之后，即“限定词+whole+名词” all 所有的，全部的 位于定冠词the、物主代词等限定词之前，即“all+限定词+名词” 【语境串记】 All the students in our class study hard. We studied the whole day yesterday.我们班所有的学生学习都很努力。我们昨天一整天都在学习。 6.After Emilia hung balloons and lanterns in the dining room，I put the last dish on the table. 埃米莉亚在餐厅挂上气球和灯笼后，我把最后一道菜放到了桌子上。 hang v.悬挂--hung(过去式) hang v.绞死，上吊--hanged(过去式) hang on=hold on=wait a minute=wait a moment稍等 hang out逛街，闲逛 hang up挂断电话；悬挂 dish n.盘子，碟子；菜肴 do/wash the dishes洗盘子 make a dish做一道菜 7“Are you joking? Isn’t that against the law?”Emilia was shocked.“ 你在开玩笑吗？那难道不是违法的吗？”埃米莉亚很震惊。 joke /dʒəʊk/ v.说笑话；开玩笑 ［动词］同义词为kid。 You must be joking/kidding. 你一定是在开玩笑吧。 ［可数名词］笑话；玩笑 tell a joke/jokes 讲笑话 make a joke/jokes 开玩笑 play a joke/jokes on sb. 开某人的玩笑 Jim is a funny boy. He is good at telling jokes.吉姆是个有趣的男孩。他擅长讲笑话。（贵港中考） He is just making a joke.他只是开个玩笑。 We played a joke on John just now.我们刚才和约翰开了个玩笑。 against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 违背，与……相悖 against prep.反对；违背；与...竞争；倚着 play against...与......比赛 be against...反对...... protect sb./sth. against...保护某人或某物免受到......的伤害 warn sb against doing sth警告某人不要做某事 fight against sb.与某人作斗争 lead sb against ...带领某人反抗...... 8.Emilia cut a piece of it with her knife and put it into her mouth. 埃米莉亚用她的刀切了一块，放进嘴里。 a piece of 一片；一块；一段 （1）常用来表示不可数名词的量;如果 表示的量超过一，要用“基数词（大于1）+pieces of”。 She wrote something on a small piece of paper.她在一小片纸上写了点什么。 —Kevin, please help me repair the alarm clock. 凯文，请帮我修理闹钟。 —No problem! It’s a piece of cake. 没问题！小菜一碟。 （2）a piece of...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；“基数词（大于1）+pieces of...”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 knife /naɪf/ n.刀 ［可数名词］其复数形式是将fe变为v再加-es,即knives。 He cut the apple in half with a knife.他用刀将苹果切成两半。 The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。 【巧学妙记】 以-f（e）结尾,复数形式变-f（e）为-ves的词 妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf）, 小偷（thief）吓得发了慌。 躲在架（shelf）后保己（self）命（life）， 半（half）片树叶（leaf）遮目光。 9. The smell of the dishes and our laughter filled the room. 菜肴的香味和我们的笑声充满了整个房间。 smell /smel/ n.气味 Sandy’s yard is sweet with the smell of flowers.桑迪的院子里花香扑鼻。 （1）［系动词］有……气味 其后常接形容词作表语。 Mum is cooking chicken soup. It smells so good.妈妈正在煮鸡汤，闻起来很香。 （2）［动词］闻到，嗅到 I can smell something burning.我能闻到什么东西烧焦了。 fill /fɪl/ v.（使）充满；装满 fill...（with...） （用……）把……装满 Smoke filled the room.房间里烟雾弥漫。 She filled the glass with juice.她把玻璃杯倒满了果汁。 be filled with充满…… 相当于be full of。 其中full作形容词，意为“满的；充满的”。 The air was filled with（=was full of） the sound of children’s laughter.空气中充满孩子们的笑声。 10.I felt like I was back home. 我感觉像回到了家里。 feel like感觉像 其后常接名词（短语）或从句等。 She made me feel like a child.她让我感觉自己像个孩子。（接名词） I felt like I was a fish in the pool.我感觉自己像池塘里的一条鱼。（接从句） feel like sth.想要某物 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 I feel like a drink.我想要一杯饮料。 I don’t feel like saying anything now.我现在什么都不想说。 随堂训练 一、根据句意和汉语或首字母提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 1. In Chinese ______ (文化), the dragon is a symbol (象征) of power and luck. 2. How do you ______ (通常地) celebrate the Spring Festival? 3. They moved to Dalian, a city in the ______ (北方) of China. 4. The old enjoy the warm weather in the ______ (南方) during winter. 5. My parents usually s______ up during the Spring Festival. 6. The D______ Ninth Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. 7. What do you like best about the D______ Boat Festival? 1. culture 2. usually 3. north 4. south 5. stay 6. Double 7. Dragon 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I washed the clothes and cleaned the room all by ______ (my). 2. The dish is so ______ (salt). Please give me more water. 3. Are there any interesting ______ (post) on Weibo? 4. There are lots of trees along these ______ (riverside). 5. My father ______ (prefer) tea to coffee in the morning. 6. I ______ (usual) go for a run in the morning before work. 7. My favourite ______ (activity) include enjoying the moon and eating the mooncakes. 8. ______ (eat) zongzi is a must during the Dragon Boat Festival. 1. myself 2. salty 3. posts 4. riversides 5. prefers 6. usually 7. activities 8. Eating 三、完成句子，每空不止一词。 1. 河畔通常充满了人。 The riversides are usually ______ ______ ______ people. 2. 她宁愿待在家里，也不愿意去公园跑步。 She ______ ______ ______ stay at home rather than ______ ______ in the park. 3. 它总是在农历五月初五来临。 It always ______ ______ on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. 4. 中国北方做的粽子常是甜的。 Zongzi ______ ______ ______ ______ are usually sweet. 5. 这个节日最好的部分是龙舟比赛。 The best part of the festival is the ______ ______ ______. 1. full of 2. prefers to, run 3. takes place 4. in the north of China 5. dragon boat races 三．课文学习2 Reading for writing When Duty Shines For Chinese people, festivals usually mean a break from work and happy family reunions. But for Leng Wenying, festivals only mean more work. As a doctor in the emergency room, Leng misses many family meals with her loved ones. She is often much busier during festivals. Sometimes she has to work without any breaks for 20 hours. This makes her tired and thirsty.“Festivals are a challenge because our patients are often in a bad situation. We need to stand by every minute," says Leng. Leng's duty means she has little time to be with her family at festivals. But she never regrets her decision to be an ER doctor. "I make the most of every minute with my family. I'm very thankful for their support," she says. Leng is only one of millions of medical workers in China. They give up their family time to answer the call of duty. In the heart of every patient, their hard work shines brighter than festive fireworks. 当职责照耀 对于中国人来说，节日通常意味着暂别工作，与家人欢聚一堂。但对冷文英来说，节日只意味着更多的工作。作为急诊科医生，冷文英错过了许多与亲人共享的家庭聚餐。她在节日期间通常更加忙碌。有时候，她需要连续工作20个小时而没有任何休息。这让她感到疲倦和口渴。“节日对我们来说是个挑战，因为我们的病人通常处于不好的情况下。我们需要时刻待命，”冷文英说道。冷文英的职责意味着她在节日里很少有时间与家人在一起。但她从不后悔选择成为急诊科医生。“我尽量利用每一分钟和家人在一起。我非常感激他们的支持，”她说。冷文英只是中国数百万医务工作者中的一员。他们放弃了与家人共度的时光，响应职责的召唤。在每位病人的心中，他们的辛勤工作比任何节日的烟火都更加耀眼。 课内知识解析 1.For Chinese people，festivals usually mean a break from work and happy family reunions. 对于中国人来说，节日往往意味着放下工作，享受家庭团聚的欢乐时光。 mean /mi:n/ v.意味着；意思是，表示……的意思 mean作动词的用法： 意味着 mean sth.意味着某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 Those clouds mean rain.那些云意味着要下雨。 This new order will mean working overtime.这个新订单意味着要加班加点。 意思是 What does...mean?= What’s the meaning of...?……的意思是什么? What does this word mean?=What’s the meaning of this word?这个单词是什么意思？ 打算； 意欲 mean to do sth.打算做某事 We mean to visit you tomorrow.我们打算明天去看你。 break /breɪk/ n.中断，暂停 a break from...暂时中断…… Let’s take a break from the training.让我们暂停训练，休息一下。 （1）［名词］短暂的假期，休假 We had a weekend break in Chengdu.我们在成都度过了一个周末。 （2）［动词］(使)破碎；损坏 I’m sorry for breaking the vase.很抱歉我打碎了这个花瓶。 Who broke the radio?谁把这台收音机弄坏了？ 2.Festivals are a challenge because our patients are often in a bad situation.节日是一个挑战，因为我们的病人往往状况很糟糕。 challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ n.挑战，具有挑战性的事物 the challenge of... ……的挑战 face challenges/a challenge 面对挑战 take on/accept a challenge 接受挑战 Schools must meet the challenge of new technologies.学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。 Whenever you face challenges, don’t give up!无论你何时面对挑战，都不要放弃！ ［动词］向……挑战 challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事 He challenged me to a game of chess.他向我挑战下一盘棋。 4.patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ n.病人，患者 ［可数名词］病人 A patient should follow the doctor’s advice.病人应该听从医嘱。 （1）［形容词］有耐心的 be patient with sb.对某人有耐心 The teacher is very patient with her students.这位老师对她的学生很有耐心。 （2）与patient相关的词： 【语境串记】 Mr. Brown is a patient doctor. He always examines his patients patiently. It seems that he never gets impatient. His patience makes him the most popular doctor in the hospital.布朗先生是一位有耐心的医生。他总是耐心地给他的病人做检查。他似乎从没不耐烦过。他的耐心使他成为医院里最受欢迎的医生。 3.We need to stand by every minute. 我们需要随时待命。 stand by准备行动 表示需要准备好，并且能随时开始做某事。 Doctors need to stand by to save people.医生需要随时准备救人。 （1）袖手旁观 I’m not going to stand by and see her hurt.我不会袖手旁观眼看着她受伤。 （2）支持，拥护 I have nothing to fear because my family always stand by me.我没什么害怕的，因为我的家人一直在我身边。 4.But she never regrets her decision to be an ER doctor. 但她从未后悔过选择成为一名急诊医生。 regret /rɪˈɡret/ v.后悔（做了某事）；对……感到遗憾 其后常接名词、代词、动词-ing、动词不定式或从句作宾语。 I soon came to regret my action.我很快就后悔自己的行为。 I regret being unable to come today.=I regret that I can’t come today.今天不能前来，我很遗憾。 拓展［名词］懊悔；遗憾 I have no regrets at becoming a teacher.我不后悔成为一 名老师。 7.decision /dɪˈsɪʒən/ n.决定，抉择（decide［动词］决定） ［可数名词］常用短语有： make decisions/make a decision/make one’s decision 做决定 make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.决定做某事 I think he made an important decision.我认为他做了一个重要的决定。 We made a decision/decided to go to Beijing next week.我们决定下周去北京。 5.I make the most of every minute with my family. 我充分利用和家人在一起的每一分钟。 make the most of sth.充分利用某事物 其中most作代词，意为“大多数，大部分，几乎全部”。 She made the most of the chance and became a famous singer.她充分利用那次机会，成了一名著名歌手。 Let’s make the most of the sunshine.让我们好好享受阳光。 6. I’m very thankful for their support. 我非常感谢他们的支持。 be thankful for... 感谢…… You should be thankful for your good fortune.你应该庆幸自己的好运气。 be thankful to sb. （for...）（因……）对某人心存感激 I’m very thankful to all of you.我非常感谢你们所有人。 You should be thankful to your parents for giving you a good education. 你应该感谢父母给予你良好的教育。 support /səˈpɔ:t/ n.支持 ［不可数名词］ Thanks to their support and help, I began to keep pace with them.多亏了他们的支持和帮助，我开始跟上他们的步伐。 ［动词］支持 support sb. in （doing） sth.在（做）某事上支持某人 Let’s support each other and help each other.让我们互相支持，互相帮助吧。 I support you in your decision.我支持你的决定。 7.They give up their family time to answer the call of duty. 他们放弃了陪伴家人的时间，来响应职责的召唤。 give up放弃 “动词+副词”型短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语。宾语为名词时，放在up之前或之后均可；宾语为人称代词时，只能放在give与up之间。 Jack isn’t good at English, but he won’t give it up.杰克不擅长英语，但他不会放弃。 To keep healthy, the doctor advised him to give up smoking.为了保持健康，医生建议他戒烟。 随堂训练 一、根据句意和汉语或首字母提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 1. ______ (圣诞节) is also an important festival in the West. 2. We need to reduce (减少) the use of ______ (塑料的) bags to protect the environment. 3. I don't think we need to w______ so much time on this question. 4. There are lots of cars now, so air p______ is a serious problem in our country. 5. It's a g______ for my mother's birthday. 1. Christmas 2. plastic 3. waste 4. pollution 5. gift 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. How about ______ (use) the plastic tree in the living room? 2. People cut down lots of trees on Christmas. It can create great ______ (pollute). 3. All festivals can ______ (bring) environmental problems. 4. We ______ (usual) celebrate this festival with our family and friends. 5. Our family usually has two ______ (meal) 6. There are some creative ways ______ (celebrate) Christmas nowadays. 7. People eat ______ (million) of turkeys every year. 8. We shouldn't ______ (throw) away these gift boxes. They're useful in life. 1. using 2. pollution 3. bring 4. usually 5. meals 6. to celebrate 7. millions 8. throw 三、完成句子，每空不止一词。 1. 人们每年砍伐太多的树木。 People ______ ______ too many trees every year. 2. 天空中有数百万的星星。 There are ______ ______ ______ stars in the sky. 3. 他们打算买一棵圣诞树。 They're going to buy a ______ ______. 4. 他们在墙上张贴了一些海报。 They ______ ______ some posts on the wall. 5. 这两种节日都能产生污染。 These two festivals both can ______ ______. 1. .cut down 2. millions of 3. Christmas tree 4. put up 5. create pollution 综合训练 一．完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Do you know anything about the Mid-Autumn Festival? How do people celebrate (庆祝) it? What is the history of this 1 ? The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most 2 festivals in China. It is a 3 for all the people. In China, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a reunion (团聚) 4 for families, just like Thanksgiving Day in some other countries. 5 that day, family members get together for a big dinner. They admire the moon, 6 mooncakes and so on. People in many other 7 also celebrate it, such as Singapore and Malaysia. The date is the same as that in China, but there is no holiday. The Mid-Autumn Festival has a history of about 1,300 8 . People worshipped (敬拜) the moon to give thanks for the harvest (收获) . At the same time, people hope for the “harvest-giving light” to come again in the 9 year. People thought that worshipping the moon could bring a good harvest. Today, people have a lot of 10 to eat. But the Mid-Autumn Festival is still meaningful. That’s because the full moon during the festival is a symbol (象征) of family reunions. 1．A．name B．school C．street D．festival 2．A．beautiful B．important C．difficult D．dangerous 3．A．end B．cookie C．fog D．holiday 4．A．time B．table C．boot D．camp 5．A．In B．On C．Of D．For 6．A．eat B．meet C．move D．plant 7．A．shops B．boxes C．cities D．countries 8．A．days B．weeks C．months D．years 9．A．coming B．playing C．learning D．raining 10．A．salt B．water C．food D．money 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中秋节的由来、庆祝方式及其历史意义——中秋节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，是一个家人团聚的时刻；人们赏月、吃月饼，许多其他国家也庆祝这一节日。该节日已有约1300年的历史，人们曾通过拜月来感谢丰收，如今满月已成为家庭团圆的象征。 【详解】1．句意：你知道关于中秋节的事情吗？人们怎么庆祝（它）？这个节日的历史是什么？ 空格位于“the history of this _____”中。前文反复提到“the Mid-Autumn Festival（中秋节）”，此处询问的正是中秋节本身的历史。festival（节日）与上下文主题完全对应；name（名字）、school（学校）、street（街道）均与“history of...”及全文语境不符。 2．句意：中秋节是中国最重要的节日之一。 “one of the most _____ festivals”结构需填形容词作定语修饰festivals。important（重要的）符合事实——中秋节是中国四大传统节日之一；beautiful（美丽的）虽可修饰节日但非本文强调的核心属性；difficult（困难的）、dangerous（危险的）语义不通。 3．句意：它是所有人的一个假日/节日。 空格位于“It is a _____ for all the people”中，不定冠词a/an提示填可数名词单数。holiday（假日/节日）指公共假期，符合语境——中秋节是全民共享的传统佳节；end（末端）、cookie（饼干）、fog（雾）均无法表达“节日/假期”的含义。 4．句意：中秋节是家庭团聚的时刻，就像某些其他国家的感恩节一样。 空格位于“a reunion _____ for families”中，time（时刻/时间）为可数名词单数，“a reunion time for families”即“家庭团聚的时刻”，后文“just like Thanksgiving Day（就像感恩节一样）”进一步佐证了这是家庭团聚的时间概念；table（桌子）、boot（靴子）、camp（营地）均不搭配reunion且语义不符。 5．句意：在那一天，家人们聚在一起吃大餐。 空格位于“_____ that day”中，表示在具体的某一天，介词on用于具体日期或某天之前（on that day）；in接较长时段，of和for在此处语法和语义均不通。 6．句意：他们赏月、吃月饼等等。 空格位于“They admire the moon, _____ mooncakes”中，admire the moon与_____ mooncakes为并列动作，eat（吃）mooncakes是中秋节最核心的传统活动之一；meet（见面）、move（移动）、plant（种植）均与mooncakes搭配不当。 7．句意：许多其他国家的人们也庆祝它，例如新加坡和马来西亚。 空格位于“in many other _____”中，后文明确举例“Singapore and Malaysia（新加坡和马来西亚）”均为国家名称，countries（国家）与之完全吻合；shops（商店）、boxes（盒子）、cities（城市）虽在语法上成立，但新加坡和马来西亚是国家而非城市。 8．句意：中秋节有大约1300年的历史。 空格位于“about 1,300 _____”中，描述一段历史时长。years（年）为时间单位，约1300年符合史实——中秋节起源可追溯至唐朝；days（天）、weeks（周）、months（月）量级过短，与实际历史长度严重不符。 9．句意：同时，人们希望“丰收之光”能在来年再次到来。 空格位于“in the _____ year”中，coming year / next year意为“来年/明年”，表达对来年再次丰收的美好祈愿；playing（玩耍的）、learning（学习的）、raining（下雨的）均不能与year搭配表达此含义。 10．句意：如今，人们有很多食物可以吃。但是中秋节仍然很有意义。 空格位于“a lot of _____ to eat”中，to eat提示填可食用之物。food（食物）是最概括性的可食用名词，与前文提到的dinner、mooncakes形成呼应；salt（盐）、water（水）、money（钱）中仅water可饮用但范围过于狭窄，money不可食用。 2． 阅读理解 （1） There are many traditional (传统的) holidays in China. The Spring Festival is the most important one in China. On the evening before the Spring Festival, all the family members get together and have a big dinner. After dinner, they watch TV and play cards while waiting for the new year to come. The next one is the Lantern Festival. It is on the 15th day of the first lunar (农历) month. That night people often go out to enjoy the lantern show. Then comes the Dragon Boat Festival. It is on the 5th day of the fifth lunar month. It is a festival for an ancient poet (诗人) Qu Yuan. People often hold dragon boat competitions (竞赛) on that day. So it is now a festival of the traditional Chinese sports. The next one is the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. The whole family sit in the open air and enjoy the bright moon while they’re eating mooncakes and fresh fruit. 1．How many festivals does the writer talk about? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．What do people do on the Spring Festival Eve? A．Have a big dinner together B．Watch TV and play cards C．Have a party D．Both A and B 3．Why do people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival? A．People want to enjoy the moon. B．People love going boating. C．People want to remember Qu Yuan. D．People like eating rice dumplings. 4．What does the underlined word “ancient” mean? A．现代的 B．古代的 C．著名的 D．智慧的 5．What’s the best title (题目) of the passage? A．Traditional Chinese Sports B．The Most Important Festival C．Traditional Festivals in China D．Traditional Chinese Food 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章以表格的形式介绍了四个中国的传统节日。 【详解】1．根据“The Spring Festival”“the Lantern Festival”“the Dragon Boat Festival”和“the Mid-Autumn Festival”可知，作者一共谈论了四个节日。 2．根据文章关于春节的内容“On the evening before the Spring Festival, all the family members get together and have a big dinner. After dinner, they watch TV and play cards while waiting for the new year to come.”可知，春节前夜，人们聚在一起吃盛大的晚宴并且一起看电视和打牌。 3．根据文章关于端午节的内容“It is on the 5th day of the fifth lunar month. It is a festival for an ancient poet Qu Yuan”可知，人们庆祝端午节是为了纪念屈原。 4．根据文章关于端午节的内容“an ancient poet Qu Yuan”以及常识可知，屈原是古代的诗人，故可以推测ancient意为“古代的”。 5．根据文章开头“There are many traditional holidays in China.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四个中国的传统节日的时间、活动等，因此“Traditional Festivals in China”最能概括文章主旨，是本文最佳标题。 （2） Notice: A Fun Spring Festival at Chikan Old Street! Dear students, The Spring Festival is coming! Do you want to have a great time? Chikan Old Street in Zhanjiang has fun activities for you. Come and join us! Time: From 17th February to 23rd February. Activities: ★ You can see folk shows（民俗表演）at 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m． ★ You can also try delicious local food, like rice noodles and shrimp cakes. ★ You can buy postcards or small toys for your friends. To get there, you can take Bus No. 2 or Bus No. 11. The oldstreet is free for everyone. Please keep it clean and don’t throw rubbish. Let’s enjoy the happy time together！ Welcome to Chikan Old Street this Spring Festival! 1．When can students enjoy the activities at Chikan Old Street? A．On 17th January. B．On 20th February. C．On 23rd March. D．On 18th April. 2．What can’t students do at Chikan Old Street? A．See folk shows. B．Try delicious local food. C．Buy postcards or small toys. D．Watch a movie. 3．What local food can students try there? A．Rice noodles and shrimp cakes. B．Hamburgers and chips. C．Bread and milk. D．Ice cream and pizzas. 4．Which bus can take students to Chikan Old Street? A．Bus No.3. B．Bus No.5. C．Bus No.11. D．Bus No.15. 5．What is the main idea of this notice? A．To tell students about the history of the Spring Festival. B．To introduce the Spring Festival activities at Chikan Old Street. C．To ask students to clean Chikan Old Street. D．To teach students to make local food. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文，这则通知向学生介绍了湛江赤坎老街春节期间的活动时间、项目、交通方式等信息，邀请学生参与。 【详解】1．第一段第三行“Time: From 17th February to 23rd February”，活动时间为2月17日至2月23日，2月20日在该时间段内，其余选项时间均不在此范围内。 2．Activities部分 (第 2-4 段)“You can see folk shows… You can also try delicious local food…You can buy postcards or small toys…”， 原文明确列出的活动为看民俗表演、品尝当地美食、买明信片/小玩具，未提及看电影。 3．Activities部分第二句“You can also try delicious local food, like rice noodles and shrimp cakes”，原文直接提到可品尝的当地美食为米粉和虾饼，与A选项完全匹配，其余选项均为西式食物，原文未提及。 4．倒数第三段第一句“To get there, you can take Bus No. 2 or Bus No. 11”，原文明确说明可乘坐2路或11路公交到达，C选项的11路符合要求，其余选项公交号均未提及。 5．标题“Notice: A Fun Spring Festival at Chikan Old Street!”，正文“Chikan Old Street in Zhanjiang has fun activities for you”，解释关联：通知围绕赤坎老街春节期间的活动展开，介绍了时间、项目、交通等信息，核心目的是介绍春节活动，其余选项均非通知主旨。 三．语法填空 阅读短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Spring Festival has many titles. It is the oldest festival in China. It’s also one of the country’s most important festivals. And now it has a new title. It’s a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) (非物质文化遗产) . The Spring Festival falls on the 1 (one) day of the Chinese calendar. It means the 2 (begin) of the new year. For many, celebrations for the festival start weeks before Chinese New Year’s Day. And 3 (them) last until the Lantern Festival. People have many activities to celebrate it, like prayers for a 4 (luck) year and family reunions. Many Spring Festival traditions still stand today. For example, people enjoy 5 (set) off fireworks and hanging up red lanterns 6 (drive) away evil spirits. They also put up red Spring Festival couplets on their doors. This is one of the things done for good luck. Paper cutting and Lantern Festival events are also important parts of the 7 (colour) celebrations. The Spring Festival is now a public holiday in almost twenty 8 (country). One in five people in the world celebrate it. China 9 (have) 44 items on the UNESCOICH List, more than any other country. 【答案】1．first 2．beginning 3．they 4．lucky 5．setting 6．to drive 7．colourful 8．countries 19．has 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国春节的地位、时间、传统习俗以及它在世界范围的影响，同时提到春节已被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。 1．句意：春节在农历的第一天。定冠词the后接序数词，one的序数词是first，the first day表示“第一天”。 2．句意：它意味着新年的开始。“the +名词+of”是固定结构，begin的名词形式是beginning，the beginning of表示“……的开始”。 3．句意：并且它们持续到元宵节。此处作句子主语，指代前文celebrations，them的主格是they。 4．句意：人们有很多庆祝活动，比如祈求幸运的一年和家庭团聚。此处修饰名词year，要用形容词，luck的形容词是lucky。a lucky year表示“幸运的一年”。 5．句意：例如，人们喜欢放烟花和挂红灯笼来驱赶邪祟。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，set的动名词形式是setting。 6．句意：例如，人们喜欢放烟花和挂红灯笼来驱赶邪祟。此处用不定式表目的，挂红灯笼的目的是驱邪，因此填to drive。 7．句意：剪纸和元宵节活动也是这些丰富多彩庆祝活动的重要部分。修饰名词celebrations需用形容词，colour的形容词形式是colourful。 8．句意：春节现在是近二十个国家的公共假日。twenty后接可数名词复数，country的复数形式是countries。 9．句意：中国在联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录上有 44 个项目，比任何其他国家都多。主语China是第三人称单数，一般现在时中，谓语动词have要变为三单形式has。 四．选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。 friend  eat  meaning  but  usual  hike  they  a  have  of The Shangsi Festival (节日), also named the Double Third Festival, is a special Chinese festival. It comes on the third day of March in the Chinese lunar calendar (农历). This festival 1 a long history. In the past, people had some 2 traditions (传统) like washing in rivers on this day. They wanted to make bad luck go away and have a happy life in this way. Now the Shangsi Festival isn’t famous like other Chinese festivals, 3 many national minorities (少数民族) still celebrate it. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people 4 sing songs and do bamboo dancing together. They want to find 5 love and have a good coming year. However, for the Han people, they like 6 , enjoying flowers and flying kites outside. Special food is also 7 important part of the festival. People in Guangxi must 8 five-colored rice and painted eggs on this day. They think the rice is good for health. And the painted eggs are the symbol 9 love. The Shangsi Festival is a great time for families and 10 to be together. It helps to keep our old traditions alive while enjoying the nice spring weather. 【答案】1．has 2．meaningful 3．but 4．usually 5．their 6．hiking 7．an 8．eat 9．of 10．friends 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统节日上巳节的时间、历史、不同民族的庆祝方式、特色食物以及其对于家人和朋友相聚、传承传统的意义。 【详解】1．句意：这个节日有悠久的历史。根据常识及后文 “the festival is still celebrated” 可推知，节日“拥有”悠久历史，句子主语为“This festival”，为第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时。方框词中“have”表示“拥有”，符合语境。结合主语和时态，需将“have” 变为第三人称单数形式。 2．句意：过去，人们有一些有意义的传统像在这一天到河里洗澡。空处修饰名词traditions，应用 形容词；后文提到“traditions like washing in rivers... They wanted to make bad luck go away and have a happy life”，说明这些传统是有特定目的和意义的。用“meaning”的形容词形式meaningful表示“有意义的”。 3．句意：现在上巳节不像其他中国节日那样出名，但是许多少数民族仍然庆祝它。前半句说“现在上巳节不像其他中国节日那么有名”，后半句说“很多少数民族仍然庆祝它”，前后是转折关系，所以用but。 4．句意：在广西，壮族人民通常一起唱歌、跳竹竿。句子描述壮族人民庆祝节日时的常规活动“sing songs and do bamboo dancing together”，需要一个副词来修饰这些动作。usual的副词usually“通常”符合语境。 5．句意：他们希望找到自己的真爱并度过美好的一年。句子主语是“They”，指代前文的“the Zhuang people”，此处修饰名词“love”，表达“他们的爱”，they的形容词性物主代词是their符合文意。 6．句意：然而，对于汉族人来说，他们喜欢徒步旅行，在外面赏花、放风筝。like doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，后文提到“enjoying flowers and flying kites outside”，说明这是户外活动，方框词中“hike”（远足）与此语境契合，所以用其动名词形式。 7．句意：特色美食也是节日的重要组成部分。此处修饰“important part”，表示“一个重要的部分”，且“important” 以元音音素开头。所以用不定冠词an。 8．句意：广西人在这一天必须吃五色米、彩蛋。must是情态动词，后面接动词原形，后文提到“five-colored rice and painted eggs”，这些都是食物，结合语境可知是“吃” 这些食物，所以用eat。 9．句意：而彩绘的鸡蛋则是爱情的象征。the symbol of...是固定搭配，表示“……的象征”，所以此处填of。 10．句意：上巳节是家人和朋友团聚的美好时光。前文提到 “for families and...”，“and”连接并列成分，因此此处应填一个复数名词，与“families”（家人）对应，指一起团聚的人。方框词中“friend”意为“朋友”，需变为复数形式与“families”并列。所以用“friend”的复数形式friends。 五．任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题，并将答案写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每小题答案不超过10个单词。 Like China, many other countries see spring’s coming as blessing (祝福) and happiness. In South Korea, people also greet spring by preparing a large meal. Tteokguk, a soup dish with rice cakes, is a traditional food at the New Year dining table. The round rice cakes look like coins, and people eat them, hoping to become rich in the coming year. In India, people celebrate spring with a traditional Hindu festival called Holi, also called the “Festival of Spring”. It is usually during February and March every year. Dancing and singing are how Indian people celebrate spring at the festival. Russians celebrate the festival that is called Maslenitsa in springtime. The festival is celebrated at the end of February or in early March each year. People will make round pancakes into yellow to show their thanks to the sun, and in the dark night, people light fires for celebrations. In the USA, there is a special event to celebrate the spring’s coming. People burn (燃烧) socks to show they can go barefoot (赤脚) when the weather warms up. It’s a hope to have the winter end soon and the spring come early. People in the USA also do the spring cleaning to drive away bad things. 1．What do round rice cakes look like in South Korea? 2．Which country celebrates Holi in spring? 3．When do Russians celebrate Maslenitsa each year? 4．Why do people in the USA do the spring cleaning? 5．What is a special way to welcome spring in China? And why does it go that way? 【答案】1．They look like coins. 2．India. 3．At the end of February or in early March. 4．To drive away bad things. 5．We eat spring rolls to wish for a fresh start. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上不同国家迎接春天到来的不同传统习俗。 【详解】1．根据文章第二段“The round rice cakes look like coins”可知，圆形米糕看起来像硬币。故填They look like coins. 2．根据文章第三段“In India, people celebrate spring with a traditional Hindu festival called Holi”可知，在印度，人们会在春天庆祝名为Holi的传统印度教节日。故填India. 3．根据文章第四段“The festival is celebrated at the end of February or in early March each year.”可知，该节日在每年的二月末或三月初庆祝。故填At the end of February or in early March. 4．根据文章第五段“People in the USA also do the spring cleaning to drive away bad things.”可知，美国人做春季大扫除是为了赶走不好的事物。故填To drive away bad things. 5．本题是开放题，询问中国迎接春天的特殊方式及原因，只要符合中国习俗、符合单词数要求都正确，比如吃春卷。故填We eat spring rolls to wish for a fresh start. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $