精品解析：上海市宝山中学2025-2026学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题

宝山中学 2025学年第二学期第一次月考 高二年级 英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Before dinner. B. During the meal. C. After dinner. D. Tomorrow evening. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Would you mind if we discuss tomorrow’s schedule before dinner this evening? M: Not at all. I certainly don’t want to talk about it during our meal. Q: When will the two speakers discuss the schedule? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station. C. In a cinema. D. At an airport. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Check in here? W: Yes, can I see your flight ticket, please? Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary. C. Doctor and patient. D. Doctor and nurse. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: I couldn’t stand this morning. My right leg went hard. M: I’m afraid it’s probably a side effect from the drugs I put you on. Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Is it true that all of them survived the fire last night? W: Yes, a miracle, isn’t it? There was a couple on the second floor and two women and three kids on the ground floor. But no one was badly hurt. Q: How many people were caught in the fire? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The lecture. B. The heat. C. The workload. D. The air quality. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: It’s so hot today. I can’t work. I wish the air conditioning were on in this library. M: So do I. I’ll fall asleep if I don’t get out of this airless room soon. Q: What is the cause of their complaint? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested. D. Annoyed. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: You seem to have been restless the whole day today. What’s up? W: Later in the afternoon they will announce who will get permission for the study trip to Africa. Q: How does the woman probably feel? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resume. C. Get a job on campus. D. Apply for a job with PICC. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I heard that PICC is going to hold interviews on campus next week. M: Yeah, what day? I’d like to talk to them and drop my resumé. Q: What does the man intend to do? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is fearless. B. He is forgetful. C. He is helpful. D. He is thoughtful. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I will never go with Bill again. He could never remember where he parked his car. W: That certainly sounds like Bill. Q: What do we know about Bill from the conversation? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news. C. Reading newspapers. D. Putting up advertisements. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Would you pass me the sports section, please? M: Sure, if you give me the classified ads and local news section. Q: What are the two speakers doing? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man. C. She doesn’t believe he can do it. D. She will work for the library. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: My grades are not bad, but not good enough. I know I didn’t study at all this semester. Now I have to work very hard next semester to keep my scholarship. W: I’ll see you in the library, then. Q: What does the woman mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently. C. An assignment of a creative writing course. D. A detective case that was just finished. 12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story. B. She was happy that she finished the story easily. C. She was expected to finish the story in a month. D. She decided to give up the story eventually. 13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first. C. Do work for another course. D. Write everything occurring to her. 14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera. C. Do some research for her writing. D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas. 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 【解析】 【原文】M: I am so relieved. I just finished the story I was working on for our creative writing course. W: I haven’t quite finished mine yet. I had trouble getting past the beginning. M: How come? W: Well, I was really happy to be writing a detective story. But after the first few pages, I sort of froze up mentally. I just couldn’t write any more. M: The same thing happened to me. I thought it meant I lack imagination. W: Well, Professor Wilson said it’s pretty common for writers to get stuck like that. M: You went to talk to her about it? W: Actually, I went to ask for more time to finish the assignment. But instead she gave me some advice about how to pull myself out of the situation like that. She said that first thing I should do is just write anything that comes into my head even if it doesn’t make any sense, sort of warm up exercise. M: That is interesting. When I got stuck, I shifted to something else, you know, do some work for one of my other courses. W: Well, her methods seem to have worked for me. I’ve written most of the story, and should be able to hand it in on time. But first I need to go to the jewelry store. M: You’re going shopping? Can’t you wait until you finish your story? W: I am going there for my story. My detective solves a jewelry store robbery, so I want to take a look at how the jewelry cases are arranged, where the security cameras are located, that sort of thing. Questions: What are the two speakers talking about? What can be learned about the woman? What did Professor Wilson advise the woman to do? What is the woman going to do in the jewelry store? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 15. A. They don’t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students. C. They will take place next week. D. They will no longer exist. 16. A. To inspire young people to practice more. B. To encourage young people to be creative. C. To motivate young people to keep learning. D. To urge young people to start up companies. 17. A. To bring more economic benefits. B. To help students memorize better. C. To change the present education system. D. To develop teachers’ multi-skills. 【答案】15. D 16. B 17. C 【解析】 【原文】 Thailand’s annual university admissions tests are taking place this week. Tens of thousands of students are trying to give the right answers to math and language questions. High scores permit students to enter the top schools. However, these tests will not be in place for much longer. The current examinations require that students memorize facts in high school classes. They do not test critical thinking or creative problem-solving abilities. The Ministry of Education wants to encourage young people to innovate. So, it will begin a new selection process for university students. They hope the best schools will start to accept people with new business ideas. The ministry’s deputy director for higher education told VOA the new exam system will look for people interested in invention or starting businesses. She said the ministry hopes new admissions policies will reshape the 12-year public education system. She said it should not focus only on memorization of facts but also on the growth of other skills. Questions: What can we learn about Thailand’s current university admissions tests? What is the Ministry of Education’s intention to have a new exam system? What is the expected impact to be brought by the new admissions policies? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey. C. Revealing of determination. D. Loss of the social identity. 19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner. C. Lack of sleep. D. Getting impatient. 20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise. B. Providing people with new business. C. Giving people time to think about their life again. D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies. 【答案】18. D 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【原文】 As more and more people lose their jobs, now is perhaps the time to consider the experience of unemployment. What are the first feelings? Well, losing a job, or not being able to find one, almost always brings unwelcome changes. As well as the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is destroyed, their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions broken, their identity as a worker removed. At first there may be good feelings too — a new and better job is just around the corner — it is nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning or spend more time with the children. But, unless a better job does turn up, the chances are the days start getting longer and time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel ill-tempered and depressed, often isolated and lonely. Despite all these problems though, unemployment can be a fresh start. You can discover that it provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it. You can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new skill, develop your hobbies or see if you can run your own business. Questions: What negative change may unemployment bring to people? What is not the probable reaction when people cannot find a job for a long time? In what way does unemployment do good to people? II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. Coping With the Sunday Scaries A few years ago, I was in the kitchen of a friend’s house preparing a meal. When we all sat down to eat, my friend’s wife wolfed down her supper and then disappeared into another room to do some work. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Monday mornings around here.” I was surprised at the time. Now, I find myself ____21____(behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I open up my calendar on Sunday evening, a subtle sense of dread comes over me. I feel ____22____ I am behind before the week has even begun. Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Monday-morning blues are not unique to me alone. A new study led by Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that these Sunday scaries were particularly pronounced among people who frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks ____23____ (leave) over from the previous week, and had unreasonably high expectations ____24____ themselves. These matters seem to be made worse as a result of the pandemic, where the rise of working from home ____25____ (blur) the boundaries between work and leisure since then. What should we do about the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have offered some useful suggestions that ____26____ help us make Monday less depressing. One is to change ____27____you think about the weekend. One U.S. study found that when participants ____28____ (ask) to treat their weekend as a mini-vacation, they tended to do more cheerful activities and returned to work on Monday satisfied with their jobs. The second way is to redesign our Monday so that it has some of the features ____29____ make us feel good during the weekend. Introducing simple changes, such as setting up a lunchtime date with ____30____ is enjoyable to be around, could make all the difference. 【答案】21. behaving 22. as if##though 23. left 24. of 25. has blurred 26. can##may##might 27. how 28. were asked 29. that##which 30. whoever 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了“周日恐惧症”的现象、成因以及缓解方法，帮助人们减轻周末结束后的焦虑感。 【21题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，我发现自己正以完全相同的方式行事。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，find和宾语myself之间为主动关系，且表示正在进行的动作，所以用现在分词。 【22题详解】 考查连词。句意：我感到好像在这一周还没开始之前就已经落后了。feel后接表语从句，表示“好像”，用as if/as though引导。 【23题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：埃克塞特大学的Ilke Inceoglu领导的一项新研究发现，这些周日恐惧在周末经常查看电子邮件、有上周遗留的任务、对自己抱有过高期望的人中尤为明显。空处为非谓语动词作定语，逻辑主语tasks与leave为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 【24题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。have expectations of oneself是固定搭配，意为“对自己有期望”。 【25题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：疫情似乎使这些问题变得更糟，自那以后，在家工作的增加模糊了工作和休闲之间的界限。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语since then可知，句子用现在完成时，主语为“the rise of working from home”，助动词用has。 【26题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：研究人员提供了一些有用的建议，这些建议能帮助我们让周一不那么令人沮丧。“that ________ help us make Monday less depressing”为定语从句，修饰先行词suggestions，表建议具备的效用与可能性，can表“能够、可以”，may/might表“或许、可能”，三者语义贴合语境。 【27题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：一种方法是改变你看待周末的方式。空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺主谓宾，缺少方式状语，用how引导表示“如何”。 【28题详解】 考查动词时态与语态。句意：一项美国研究发现，当参与者被要求将周末视为迷你假期时，他们倾向于做更愉快的活动，并在周一对工作感到满意。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，participants与ask为被动关系，且叙述过去的研究结果，用一般过去时的被动语态。 【29题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：第二种方法是重新设计我们的周一，使其具有一些让我们在周末感觉良好的功能。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为features，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which引导该从句。 【30题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：引入一些简单的改变，比如和任何喜欢在一起的人安排一个午餐约会，可能会让一切变得不同。with后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”，用whoever引导。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. crucial B. exploited C. extend D. shifting E. maturity F. overlooked G. measures H. subject I. survival J. extent K. inhabit Deepwater Sharks Are Threatened by Demand for Liver Oil The growing demand for shark liver oil, used in various products like dietary supplements and cosmetics, is endangering deepwater shark species, which ____31____ depths of at least 200 meters below the surface. These sharks, adapted to thriving in the deep ocean, are being targeted due to the high levels of squalene (角鲨烯) found in their livers, which is used in skincare and vaccine production. According to a recent study published in Science, one in seven known shark and rare species face extinction due to overfishing driven by the demand for liver oil and meat. Deepwater species are particularly vulnerable due to their slow growth, late ____32____, and low reproduction rates. With some species taking decades to grow up and only producing one or two pups every few years, they are highly ____33____ to overfishing. As coastal fishing areas run out of fish, fishing efforts are ____34____ further offshore, targeting previously inaccessible deepwater species. The study reveals that a third of the known threatened deep-sea shark and rare species are already being ____35____, with half of the species facing extinction. Conservationists emphasize the need for strong policies based on scientific evidence to protect these deep-sea species. Identifying and safeguarding critical areas such as mating grounds and egg-laying sites are ____36____. Additionally, regulations must be strengthened at national and international levels to ensure trade practices and prevent further decline in shark populations. While previous conservation efforts primarily focused on well-known coastal and oceanic shark species, there is growing recognition of the need to ____37____ protections to deepwater sharks. Efforts under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) should be expanded to include deep-sea species, such as the prickly dogfish, which are often ____38____ but play a vital role in marine ecosystems. Scientists and conservationists hope that raising awareness about the plight (困境) of deepwater sharks will lead to increased conservation efforts and protection ____39____.By dealing with the threats facing these unique and fascinating creatures, we can ensure the ____40____ of deep-sea species for future generations. 【答案】31. K 32. E 33. H 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. F 39. G 40. I 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述深海鲨鱼因鲨鱼肝油的市场需求遭到过度捕捞濒临灭绝，分析其生存劣势并提出各类保护举措以保障该物种延续。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：鲨鱼肝油被用于膳食补充剂、化妆品等多种产品，不断增长的需求正危及深海鲨鱼物种，这类物种栖息在海面下至少200米的水域。which指代先行词deepwater shark species在从句作主语，从句缺少谓语动词，结合水域生存语境，选用K选项inhabit，意为“栖息于”。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：深海物种格外脆弱，原因是它们生长缓慢、成熟晚且繁殖率低。空处与slow growth、low reproduction rates并列作due to的宾语，需填入名词，结合鱼类生长周期，选用E选项maturity“成熟”，late maturity表示“晚熟”。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：部分物种需要数十年才能成年，且每隔数年仅繁育一两条幼鲨，因此它们极易遭受过度捕捞的危害。空处与are和介词to搭配，选用H选项subject作表语，be subject to表示“易受…… 影响；遭受……”，符合部分物种易受过度捕捞危害的语境。 【34题详解】 考查动词现在分词。句意：随着沿海渔区鱼类资源枯竭，捕捞活动正不断向更远的远海转移，将此前难以抵达的深海物种定为捕捞目标。本句为现在进行时，结合下文“targeting previously inaccessible deepwater species”捕捞范围向外推进的语境，选用D选项shifting，意为“转移”。 【35题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：该研究显示，已知濒危深海鲨鱼及稀有物种中，已有三分之一正在遭到捕捞开发，半数物种濒临灭绝。句子为现在进行时被动语态，结合人类捕捞利用鲨鱼的语境，选用B选项exploited，意为“开采、捕捞利用”。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：识别并保护交配区、产卵地等关键区域至关重要。本空位于系动词are后作表语，结合物种保护的重要性，选用A选项crucial，意为“至关重要的”。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：以往的保护工作主要聚焦知名沿海与远洋鲨鱼物种，如今越来越多人意识到需要把保护范围拓展至深海鲨鱼。need to后接动词原形，结合“While previous conservation efforts primarily focused on well-known coastal and oceanic shark species”可知，此处指保护范围拓展至深海鲨鱼，选用C选项extend。固定搭配extend protections to意为 “将保护延伸至……”。 【38题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的保护工作应当扩容，纳入棘狗鲨这类深海物种，它们常常被忽视，却在海洋生态系统中起到关键作用。定语从句为被动语态，结合but play a vital role in marine ecosystems推测，深海鲨鱼不受关注，选用F选项overlooked，意为“忽视”。 【39题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：科学家与环保人士希望，提升大众对深海鲨鱼生存困境的认知，能够推动更多保护工作与保护措施落地。空处与conservation efforts并列作lead to的宾语，应填名词，结合increased conservation efforts可知，此处指保护措施，选用G选项measures，protection measures表示“保护措施”。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过解决这些独特又迷人的生物面临的威胁，我们可以为后代保障深海物种的存续。定冠词the后需填入名词作ensure的宾语，结合保护物种长久生存的主旨，选用I选项survival，意为“生存、存续”。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Find your passion!” This inspiring injunction is woven into the fabric of American culture. But is it good advice? “Finding” a passion implies that it already ____41____ and is simply waiting to be discovered. But science tells us that passions are developed. They often begin with a spark of ____42____ about a subject and later, through a process involving repeated engagement, positive experiences and accumulated (累积的) knowledge, people come to value that content or activity and ____43____ it. What was at first interesting becomes an interest. If these qualities continue to ____44____, a passion can emerge. In several studies, we and our colleagues have found that misunderstanding this idea can hold people back, ____45____, our latest research reveals that there are ways to correct course and cultivate a more open, accurate perspective about interest. To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets. In school, conceiving of one’s intellectual abilities as ____46____ can be detrimental, whereas believing one can develop and grow skills supports greater learning. We argue for a separate but ____47____ idea: people who think interests and passions are inherent and relatively ____48____ have a fixed mindset of interest. In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest. The latter comes with many ____49____. A fixed mindset of interest, for example, may inhibit exploration and creativity. In our studies, arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in scientific topics than arts students with a growth mindset — and science students with a fixed mindset had less interest in the arts than those with a growth mindset. We have also found that those with a fixed mindset are less likely than those with a growth mindset to generate novel solutions that ____50____ different disciplines. People with a fixed mindset of interest tend to expect their passions to come ____51____ to them. In one study we sparked people’s interest in a topic that was ____52____ for them — the science of black holes — with a fun, easy-to-understand animated video about Stephen Hawking’s theories. But when we asked our participants to read a technical article on black holes, people with a fixed mindset became frustrated and came to dislike the topic. Those with a growth mindset maintained their newfound interest despite the ____53____. We also believe people can independently foster a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in ____54____ them: indulge your curiosities and don’t expect new pursuits to always be easy or exciting. A growth mindset will help you remain open and curious. The saying “find something you love to do, and you’ll never have to work a day in your life” needs ____55____. If you work at loving what you do, you might become more creative and resilient. 41. A. exists B. happens C. occurs D. remains 42. A. curiosity B. envy C. hope D. memory 43. A. capture B. internalize C. materialize D. realize 44. A. appear B. intensify C. multiply D. repeat 45. A. Fortunately B. Interestingly C. Surprisingly D. Typically 46. A. exchangeable B. fixed C. inferior D. superior 47. A. combined B. conflicted C. related D. twisted 48. A. inconsistent B. independent C. unnoticeable D. unchangeable 49. A. advantages B. challenges C. profits D. setbacks 50. A. integrate B. observe C. reject D. apply 51. A. closely B. easily C. instantly D. gently 52. A. familiar B. hot C. indifferent D. new 53. A. difference B. difficulty C. isolation D. neglect 54. A. developing B. discovering C. preserving D. perceiving 55. A. improving B. modifying C. explaining D. upgrading 【答案】41. A 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. B 【解析】 【导语】主要反驳“寻找热爱”的固有观念，区分兴趣的固定型与成长型思维，说明热爱是后天培养并给出可行方法。 【41题详解】 考查动词。句意：“找到”一份热爱意味着这份热爱本就存在，只是等待人们去发掘。A. exists存在；B. happens发生；C. occurs出现；D. remains保持不变，遗留。根据后文“is simply waiting to be discovered”可知，该观点认为热爱早已客观存在，只待被人发掘。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们往往始于对某一事物的一丝好奇，之后经过反复接触、积极体验与知识积累，人们才会重视这份内容或活动并将其内化于心。A. curiosity好奇；B. envy羡慕；C. hope希望；D. memory回忆。根据后文“indulge your curiosities”可知，文章前后呼应，兴趣最初的起点是好奇心。 【43题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们往往始于对某一事物的一丝好奇，之后经过反复接触、积极体验与知识积累，人们才会重视这份内容或活动并将其内化于心。A. capture捕捉；B. internalize内化；C. materialize实现；D. realize意识到。根据前文“through a process involving repeated engagement, positive experiences and accumulated (累积的) knowledge”可知，长期投入后外在兴趣转化为内心认同，即完成内化。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果这些积极感受持续加深，一份热爱便会由此产生。A. appear出现；B. intensify增强、加深；C. multiply迅速增加；D. repeat重复。根据后文“What was at first interesting becomes an interest”以及后文的“a passion can emerge”可知，只有兴趣相关的正向感受不断加深，才能升华为热爱。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：多项研究表明，误解这一概念会阻碍个人发展，幸运的是，最新研究表明有办法纠正认知，建立开放、客观的兴趣观念。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Interestingly有趣地；C. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；D. Typically典型地。前文“misunderstanding this idea can hold people back”指出认知误区的弊端，后文“our latest research reveals that there are ways to correct course and cultivate a more open, accurate perspective about interest.”指出有方法纠正，转折向好，用fortunately符合语境。 【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在校期间，认为自身智力天赋固定不变会带来负面影响，而相信技能可以培养成长则有助于更好学习。A. exchangeable可交换的；B. fixed固定的；C. inferior次的，较差的；D. superior更好的，有优越感的。根据上文“To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets.”以及后文“In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest.”可知，此处与后文“相信能力可以发展”这一成长型思维模式形成对应对比，由此可知，此处指代固定型思维模式。 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们提出一种独立但相关的观点：认为兴趣与热爱与生俱来、基本无法改变的人持有兴趣固定型思维。A. combined结合的；B. conflicted矛盾的；C. related相关的；D. twisted扭曲的。根据前文“we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets. In school, conceiving of one’s intellectual abilities as ____ can be detrimental”可知，前文介绍智力的固定、成长思维，后文延伸到兴趣领域同类思维，二者概念相关。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们提出一种独立但相关的观点：认为兴趣与热爱与生俱来、基本无法改变的人持有兴趣固定型思维。A. inconsistent不一致的；B. independent独立的；C. unnoticeable不明显的；D. unchangeable不可改变的。根据后文“fixed mindset of interest”可知，固定型思维的核心观点就是兴趣是与生俱来、无法改变的。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：后者（成长型兴趣思维）能带来诸多好处。A. advantages优势、好处；B. challenges挑战；C. profits收益，利润；D. setbacks挫折。根据后文“A fixed mindset of interest, for example, may inhibit exploration and creativity”可知，固定思维存在缺陷，反衬成长思维具备诸多优势。 【50题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们还发现，相比成长型思维人群，固定型思维者更难融合不同学科、提出新颖解决方案。A. integrate融合；B. observe观察；C. reject拒绝；D. apply应用。根据前文“arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in scientific topics”可知，固定思维人群局限单一领域，无法打通融合不同学科。 【51题详解】 考查副词。句意：持有兴趣固定思维的人总期待热爱会轻易降临到自己身上。A. closely紧密地；B. easily轻易地；C. instantly立刻；D. gently温和地。根据后文“But when we asked our participants to read a technical article on black holes, people with a fixed mindset became frustrated and came to dislike the topic.”可知，他们无法接受探索过程中的困难，期待热爱能轻松获得，毫不费力。 【52题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在一项研究中，我们借助一段趣味十足、通俗易懂的动画短片，向人们介绍斯蒂芬・霍金的相关理论，以此激发他们对一个全新领域——黑洞科学——的兴趣。A. familiar熟悉的；B. hot热门的；C. indifferent漠不关心的；D. new不熟悉的、全新的。根据前文“sparked people’s interest in a topic”可知，参与者此前未接触黑洞相关知识，该主题对他们而言是全新内容。 【53题详解】 考查名词。句意：而成长思维者即便遭遇困难，仍保有刚产生的兴趣。A. difference差异；B. difficulty困难；C. isolation孤立；D. neglect忽视。根据前文“read a technical article on black holes”可知，专业晦涩的文章代表探索途中遇到的困难。 【54题详解】 考查动名词。句意：主动用心培养这份兴趣：尽情满足你的好奇心，不要指望新的爱好永远轻松有趣。A. developing培养；B. discovering发现；C. preserving保存；D. perceiving感知。根据前文“But science tells us that passions are developed.”可知，热爱并非现成存在，需要人们主动去培养。 【55题详解】 考查动名词。句意：“找到你热爱的事，你一辈子都不用被迫工作”这句老话需要修正。A. improving改善；B. modifying修改、修正；C. explaining解释；D. upgrading升级。根据后文“If you work at loving what you do, you might become more creative and resilient”可知，“找到你爱的事，一辈子不用工作”这句话的认知不符合新观点，需要做出修正。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence — their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme. Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real. “Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no rewriting of the script and there’s no turning back — this is real life. This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr — played by US actor Ellar Coltrane — from when he was 6 to when he finished high school. One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games. While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary — the power of life itself. 56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT ________. A. how they deal with their studies B. how they help look after brothers or sisters C. how they get along with people of their age D. how much they long to be independent of their parents 57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common? A. They’re intended to win an award for best director. B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves. C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth. D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers. 58. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because ________. A. they can see the truth of life B. they know the characters well C. they are much fond of gossip D. they appreciate stories of daily life 59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Post-00s are different geniuses B. Actors are ordinary characters C. Documentary is real life D. Life is one big story 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. A 59. D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了一部关于成长的纪录片——《零零后》，它包含了零零后在学业上的挣扎，与同龄人间的关系、弟弟或妹妹的出生带来的困惑以及他们越来越想和父母保持距离的愿望，这部纪录片的特点是它的主要角色的故事都是真实的，这部纪录片能让我们透过表面看到生活本身的力量。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence — their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.(《零零后》是一部关于成长的纪录片。它涵盖了千禧一代在迈向青春期过程中几乎方方面面的经历——他们面对学业的挣扎、与同龄人的关系、当家中出现弟弟或妹妹时的困惑，以及日益增长的想要与父母保持距离的愿望)”可知，《零零后》这部纪录片包含了他们在学业上的挣扎，与同龄人间的关系以及他们越来越想和父母保持距离的愿望，而没有提到他们如何帮助照顾弟弟妹妹。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no rewriting of the script and there’s no turning back — this is real life.(尽管我们欣赏故事的真实感，因为一切皆无法预设，但我们也不得不感受到现实的残酷。毕竟，没有剧本可以重写，也没有回头的可能——这就是真实的生活)”和第四段“This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr — played by US actor Ellar Coltrane — from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.(这种真实感也体现在2014年的电影《少年时代》中，该片在第64届柏林国际电影节上荣获最佳导演银熊奖。影片历时12年，讲述了由美国演员Ellar Coltrane饰演的Mason Jr从6岁到高中毕业的成长历程)”可知，《零零后》和《少年时代》都是普通孩子成长的纪实作品，都基于真实生活。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中““Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them.(所谓“成长”故事具有独特的吸引力。它们满足了我们对他人生活的好奇，让我们仿佛真的了解了这些人物，从而产生强烈的依恋感)”可知，观众被“成长”故事吸引是因为它们展现了生命的真实。 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no rewriting of the script and there’s no turning back — this is real life. (我们享受故事的真实性，因为没有任何事情是预先设定的，同时我们也忍不住感受到现实的残酷。毕竟，没有剧本可以重写，也没有回头路——这就是真实的生活)”、第四段“This realness can also be seen in Boyhood (这种真实性也可以在《少年时代》中看到)”和最后一段“While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary — the power of life itself. (虽然成长故事表面上可能看起来很普通，但它们常常让我们看到表面之下的非凡之处——生命本身的力量)”可知，文章通过介绍纪录片《零零后》和电影《少年时代》，强调了这类“成长故事”的真实性及其反映生活本质的力量。故C项“Documentary is real life (纪录片就是真实生活)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。 (B) Things you need to know about your STRESS right now After 60 years of research, scientists have determined what provokes stress. There's even a handy acronym: NUTS. N is for Novelty: This is something new you've not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job. U is for Unpredictability: When you don't know how something is going to take shape, as is the case during a trip to the dentist. T is for Threat to the Ego: When your competence is threatened, such as in front of colleagues. We're very sensitive to this. S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation, like being stuck in traffic. It's helpful to identify your sources of stress, because a problem well-defined is a problem almost solved. The opposite of stress is not relaxation---it's resilience. If you tell your brain that you can deal with this, it will stop producing the stress hormone and you will calm down Get on your bike! As various bits of research have shown, cycling will lower your stress levels, whether you're doing a quick errand or committing to a lifetime on two wheels. 15 MINUTES LATER A 2013 study out of Japan showed a marked drop in people's stress levels after they pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike. AN HOUR LATER Researchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway breathed more shallowly an hour later---a sure sign of stress. 18 YEARS LATER After following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems. ①____________ In a 2015 study, researchers subjected 66 teen girls to a stress test. Some of them held their mothers' hands during the test; others had to go it alone. The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively. It's what psychologists refer to as emotional load sharing. ②____________ In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to those patients whose visitors could actually talk back. 60. __________---may suffer the most stress relatively. A. Luna, 19--she has well prepared for her first internship with the help of her mother. B. Tom, 29-his first day of work starts at 9: 00 am, but he's in a traffic jam at 8: 50 am. C. Karol, 39-she finally had her decayed tooth pulled out last Thursday at the dentist's. D. Jenny, 49-her colleagues are planning to give her a farewell party and she's in the dark. 61. Which chart can best illustrate the effect of cycling ? A. B. C. D. 62. Which of the following may best suit the numbered blanks? A. ①Raise your hand! ②Find a volunteer companion! B. ①Raise your hand! ②Get a furry companion! C. ① Hug your family! ② Get furry companion! D. ①Hug your family! ②Find a volunteer companion! 【答案】60. B 61. C 62. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对压力的研究。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“N is for Novelty: This is something new you've not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job.( N代表新鲜感：指的是你从未经历过的新鲜事物，比如开学第一天或开始一份新工作时)”和第五段“S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation, like being stuck in traffic.( S是控制感：当你觉得自己几乎无法控制局面时，比如被堵在路上)”可推断，B选择项汤姆第一天去上班却遇到堵车，所以他的压力是N+S这两方面的，因此承受的压力可能最大，而其他三人承担的都是单方面的压力，故选B。 【61题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章Get on your bike! 下的内容“A 2013 study out of Japan showed a marked drop in people's stress levels after they pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike.(2013年日本的一项研究表明，人们在固定自行车上骑15分钟后，压力水平就显著下降)”可知，骑自行车人的压力水平在15分钟后明显下降，而非1小时候明显下降。所以A图错误；根据“Researchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway breathed more shallowly an hour later---a sure sign of stress.( 2015年，研究人员发现，与骑自行车的同事相比，开车或乘地铁的人晚一个小时呼吸更浅，这是压力的明显迹象)”可知，如果晚点的话，乘地铁的人要比骑自行车的人的压力增加得多，所以B图错误； 根据“After following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems.(在对17985名成年通勤者进行了18年的跟踪调查后，英国研究人员在2014年发现，走路或骑自行车的人更快乐，更自信，也更能面对自己的问题)”可推断，18年后，走路或骑自行车的人压力压力更小，而开车的人压力增加。所以C图正确，D图错误。故选C。 【62题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段“Some of them held their mothers' hands during the test(有些人在考试时牵着妈妈的手)”和“The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively.( 与母亲有接触的女孩能够更有效地管理压力)”可知，本段介绍与家人亲密接触可以减轻压力，所以Hug your family! (拥抱你的家人吧!)适合放在①处；根据文章最后一段“In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to those patients whose visitors could actually talk back.( 在2007年加州大学洛杉矶分校的一项研究中，一些因心力衰竭住院的患者与治疗犬呆了12分钟，而另一组患者则与志愿者互动。与那些来访者能够顶嘴的患者相比，有狗陪伴的患者的焦虑水平下降的幅度更大)”可知，宠物的陪伴可以减轻患者的焦虑。所以Get furry companion!(毛茸茸的伴侣!) 适合放在②处。故选C。 (C) In the genetic age, ecologists’ jobs are made much easier by two things. One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome (基因组). The second is that they drop these ID cards everywhere they go. Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where. “Every organism,” of course, includes humans. In a paper published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort. That DNA can be read — and potentially matched with individuals — by anyone with the right equipment. The researchers did not set out to study “inadvertent human genetic bycatch”, as they call the phenomenon. The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease. The researchers sampled water from the turtle’s tanks, as well as from ocean water and beaches upon which the creatures nested, looking for viral DNA. They expected to sweep up DNA from other species during their travel. What was surprising was just how much human DNA they found. Even though many of their sampling sites were not near towns and cities, they found human genetic material in every sample they examined. Interested, they expanded their search. In both Florida and Ireland they found human DNA in rivers. They found it in beach sand, and even in air from rooms where humans had been working. Human DNA is not quite everywhere: it was not detectable in deep ocean water, or on remote beaches closed to the public. But anywhere that humans are, their DNA appears to be as well. In one sense, that is unsurprising. But advances in gene-sequencing meant there was enough information in the samples to deduce (推断) plenty of things about the humans in question. The researchers could pick out males thanks to DNA from the Y chromosome (染色体). They could infer an individual’s ancestry, and even spot mutations (突变) that affect a person’s disease risk. David Duffy, an author of the paper, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons. But they had no doubt it could be done. 63. Which of the following about eDNA is true according to the passage? A. It provides a way to track the migration of animals. B. It allows researchers to restore individual organisms. C. It can be easily collected from all types of environments. D. It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species. 64. In this passage, the word “inadvertent” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “________”. A. familiar B. accidental C. insensitive D. regular 65. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The application of eDNA for identity confirmation has aroused concern. B. As expected, the researchers detected much human eDNA in their search. C. An individual’s gender and ancestry can be confirmed by means of eDNA. D. eDNA is instrumental in upgrading America’s database of missing people. 66. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Unintended Discoveries in Turtle Disease Research B. The Ecological Significance of Environmental DNA C. Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples D. Using Genetic Information to Identify Missing Persons 【答案】63. D 64. B 65. A 66. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在及其相关应用。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome (基因组).(其中一个是每个生物都有自己的化学身份证，以基因组的形式存在。)”和“Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where.(尿液，粘在树篱上的皮毛，甚至脱落的皮肤细胞：所有这些都将DNA沉积到环境中。廉价的基因测序使科学家能够从土壤、沙子、水等中获取这种“环境DNA”(eDNA)，并用它来跟踪哪些物种生活在哪里。)”可知，“环境DNA”里有DNA，而DNA包含了物种的遗传信息，因此关于eDNA正确的说法是D选项“It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species.(它包含了各种物种的丰富遗传信息。)”。 【64题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease.(这项工作始于佛罗里达州的Witney Sea Turtle Hospital，当时正在调查一种海龟病毒性疾病。)”和第四段“What was surprising was just how much human DNA they found.(令人惊讶的是他们发现了如此多的人类DNA。)”可知，人类DNA是无意中被发现的，故划线词inadvertent与B项“accidental(意外的，无意的)”意思相近，即“研究人员称这种现象为“无意的人类遗传副产品”，但他们并没有开始研究这种现象”，故划线词inadvertent与B项“accidental(意外的，无意的)”意思相近。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“David Duffy, an author of the paper, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr. Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons. But they had no doubt it could be done.(该论文作者David Duffy说，他们找到的DNA的数量和质量“远远超过”纳入美国失踪人口数据库的最低要求。出于道德原因，Dr. Duffy和他的同事们并没有试图在他们的研究中识别个体。)”可知，eDNA在身份确认中的应用引起了人们的担忧。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第二段“In a paper published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort.(在5月15日发表在《自然生态与进化》杂志上的一篇论文中，来自美国和欧洲的一组研究人员报告说，这种eDNA调查收集了大量的人类和动物DNA。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在及其相关应用，因此本文最好的题目是C选项“Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples(人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在)”，能概括全文内容。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Sleep may reduce mistakes in memory, according to a first-of-its kind study led by a scientist at Michigan State University. The findings, which appear in the September issue of the journal Learning & Memory, have practical implications for many people, from students doing multiple-choice tests to elderly people confusing their medicine, says Kimberly Fenn, principal investigator and assistant professor of psychology. Fenn and colleagues from the University of Chicago and Washington University in St Louis studied the presence of incorrect or false memory in groups of college students. ____67____ Study participants were ‘trained’ by being shown or listening to lists of words. Then, twelve hours later, they were shown individual words and asked to identify which words they had seen or heard earlier. ____68____ Another group was trained at night tested twelve hours later in the morning, after about six hours of sleep. Three experiments were conducted. In each experiment, the results showed that students who had slept did not have as many problems with false memory and chose fewer incorrect words. ____69____ The answer isn’t known, Fenn said, but she suspects it may be due to sleep strengthening the source of the memory. The source, or context in which the information is acquired, is a vital element of the memory process. ____70____ Or perhaps the people who didn’t sleep as much during the study received so much other information during the day that this affected their memory ability, Fenn said. A. Why does inadequate sleep weaken the source of memory? B. While previous research has shown that sleep improves memory, this study is the first one that looks at errors in memory. C. Therefore, sleep may serve as an important source of memory. D. One group of students was trained at 10 a.m. and tested at 10 p.m. after the course of a normal sleepless day. E. In other words, it may be easier to remember something if you can also remember where you first heard or saw it. F. How does sleep help? 【答案】67. B 68. D 69. F 70. E 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了一项关于睡眠如何减少错误记忆的研究，解释了睡眠对记忆源的重要性。 【67题详解】 上文“Fenn and colleagues from the University of Chicago and Washington University in St Louis studied the presence of incorrect or false memory in groups of college students.(来自芝加哥大学和圣路易斯华盛顿大学的Fenn及其同事研究了大学生群体中错误或虚假记忆的存在)”说明研究关注大学生群体中的错误记忆现象。空处应承接前文，介绍该研究的独特性。B项“虽然之前的研究表明睡眠可以提高记忆力，但这项研究是第一项研究记忆错误的研究。”符合语境，承接前文，说明本研究的创新之处。 【68题详解】 上文“Then, twelve hours later, they were shown individual words and asked to identify which words they had seen or heard earlier.(然后，12小时后，他们被展示了单个单词，并被要求识别他们之前看到或听到的单词)”说明实验流程包括训练和测试的时间间隔。下文“Another group was trained at night tested twelve hours later in the morning, after about six hours of sleep.(另一组在晚上接受训练，在大约六个小时的睡眠后，于12小时后的早上进行测试)”说明另一组的安排。空处需与下文Another group形成对比，说明第一组的安排。D项“一组学生上午10点训练，晚上10点测试，经过正常的一天不睡觉”符合语境，与下文构成“one group...another group”的并列结构。 【69题详解】 下文“The answer isn’t known, Fenn said, but she suspects it may be due to sleep strengthening the source of the memory.(Fenn说，答案尚不清楚，但她怀疑这可能是由于睡眠增强了记忆的来源)”说明此段探讨的是睡眠为何能帮助记忆。空处需引出下文对原因的探讨，是一个问句。F项“睡眠如何起作用？”与下文“答案尚不清楚”形成问答关系，与下文衔接自然。 【70题详解】 上文“The source, or context in which the information is acquired, is a vital element of the memory process.(获取信息的来源或上下文是记忆过程的重要组成部)”说明记忆来源或情境的重要性。空处顺接前文，应对此进行进一步解释。E项“换句话说，如果你能记住第一次在哪里听到或看到某事，你可能更容易记住它”符合语境，是对source概念的具体解释，与上文为顺接关系。 IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is changing. Compared to extended families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents. The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents. It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life . Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers, which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents. However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children, which adds a financial burden to them. Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work overtime. Communities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof. However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children. Solutions such as involving grandparents, community volunteers, and government support are suggested to address these challenges. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说在中国，核心家庭的趋势正在增加，越来越少的几代人住在一个屋檐下。然而，这一趋势也带来了儿童保育方面的挑战，因为父母花在孩子身上的时间越来越少。解决这些挑战的方法包括祖父母、社区志愿者和政府支持。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That’s what we call an extended family. Now it is changing. ②Compared to extended families, nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. ③However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. ④Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 In China, the trend of nuclear family is increasing, because fewer and fewer generations live under one roof. Nevertheless, this trend also brings childcare challenges as parents spend less and less time with their children. Approaches to addressing these challenges include grandparents, community volunteers, and government support. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof.（运用了with的复合结构作状语） [高分句型2]：However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句） V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 72. 应专家的要求，社会呼吁青少年减少使用电子设备。（call）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At the request of experts, the society calls on teenagers to reduce the use of electronic devices. 【解析】 【详解】“应……的要求”是固定短语at the request of，“专家”是expert，要用复数，“社会”是the society，“呼吁某人做某事”是固定短语call on sb. to do sth.，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the society，“青少年”是teenager，要用复数，“减少使用电子设备”翻译为reduce the use of electronic devices。 73. 据报道，地震灾区的居民已被紧急疏散，但仍有至少十名孩子被埋在倒塌的教学楼里。(bury) （汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is reported that residents in the earthquake-stricken area have been urgently evacuated, but at least ten children are still buried in the collapsed teaching building. 【解析】 【详解】“据报道”要用It is reported that...，It作形式主语，指代后文that引导的真正主语从句；前半句“居民已被疏散”中，主语“居民”(residents)和谓语动词“疏散”(evacuate)是被动关系，且动作已经完成，用现在完成时的被动语态have been evacuated，“紧急”修饰谓语动词“疏散”，译为urgently，“地震灾区的”作后置定语修饰主语，译为in the earthquake-stricken areas；后半句中，主语“至少十个孩子”译为at least ten children，与谓语动词“埋”(bury)之间是被动关系，描述当前的状态，用一般现在时的被动语态are buried，“仍”用副词still，“倒塌的教学楼里”作状语，译为in the collapsed teaching building。 74. 由于这个供应商被指控给顾客提供虚假信息，总公司安排他采购新的原材料。(charge, arrange) （汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Because the supplier was charged with providing consumers with false information, the company arranged for him to purchase new raw materials. 【解析】 【详解】本句是带原因状语的复合句，用because引导原因状语即可；描述已发生的事件，主从句用一般过去时；“供应商”表达为supplier，动词短语be charged with doing sth意为“被指控做某事”，“顾客”表达为consumer，“虚假信息”表达为false information，动词短语provide sb with sth意为“提供某人某物”，故“由于这个供应商被指控给顾客提供虚假信息”可译为Because the supplier was charged with providing consumers with false information；动词短语arrange for sb to do sth意为“安排某人做某事”，动词purchase表示“购买”，“原材料”表达为raw material，故“总公司安排他采购新的原材料”译为the company arranged for him to purchase new raw materials。 75. 这位雄心勃勃的候选人接连收到了几个公司的拒绝信，最后只好接受了一份与专业毫无关系的工作。(end v.) （汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This ambitious candidate received rejection letters from several companies in succession, and ended up accepting a job that had nothing to do with his major. 【解析】 【详解】句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。“雄心勃勃的”表达为ambitious作定语；“收到”为receive，过去式是received；“候选人”是candidate，作主语；“拒绝信”表达为rejection letters；“接连”表达为in succession作状语；“最后做某事”用end up doing sth.，作并列谓语，end用过去式ended，“接受了一份工作”为accept a job；“一份与专业毫无关系的”可表达为定语从句，修饰“工作”，job为先行词，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词为that；“与……毫无关系”表达为have nothing to do with ...，have作从句谓语，用过去式had。 76. 有消息传来，这项环保运动受到了社会各界的广泛赞扬，这让他更加下定决心推动可持续发展。(greet) （汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Word came that this environmental campaign was greeted with widespread praise from all sectors of society/all walks of life, which further strengthened his determination to promote sustainable development. 【解析】 【详解】“有消息传来”译为Word came that...，that引导同位语从句说明消息的具体内容；从句中的主语“这项环保运动”译为this environmental campaign，“受到某种对待”译为be greeted with，根据“受到了”可知，从句表达的是过去的事件，所以要用一般过去时，所以“受到了广泛赞扬”译为was greeted with widespread praise，“社会各界的”作后置定语修饰praise，译为from all sectors of society或from all walks of life；后半句用which引导非限制性定语从句指代前文整件事，which在从句中充当主语，“更加下定决心做某事”可译为further strengthened his determination，“推动可持续发展”作后置定语修饰determination，要用不定式，译为 to promote sustainable development。 VI. Guided Writing 77. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你校准备为高三学生开展一次普及上海历史知识的活动，现有两个方案征求大家意见: 1.学校组织学生集体驱车前往上海市历史博物馆(Shanghai History Museum)，现场参观并聆听专业讲解员(professional museum guide)介绍上海历史，共计五小时； 2.学校邀请某知名大学历史教授到校以“上海历史”为主题做讲座，共计两小时。 请你以李华的名义向王校长写一封信，在信中谈谈你更偏向哪个方案，并说明理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. Wang, I’m Li Hua, president of the student union. I’m writing to express my opinion on the coming activity, which is held to popularize Shanghai’s history. There are mainly two plans under discussion. One of them is to gather together and drive to Shanghai History Museum. Following the visit, we will listen to the professional museum guide conducted by the volunteers, through which we can have a better understanding on Shanghai’s history. We are going to spend five hours in the museum. Another plan is to invite a famous professor majoring in history to give a lecture, lasting for two hours. As far as I’m concerned, the first plan is the best one. It provides us with an opportunity to go to the outside world and get a more intuitive visual experience in Shanghai’s history. Compared with having a lecture, I believe that the visit to the museum can leave us a better expression. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文写作，要求给王校长写一封信，表达自己对两个方案的看法。 【详解】作为应用文写作，言简意赅，观点清晰是写作的要点。 （一）理清思路：根据题目要求，首先应把握好写作的要点，分别是，自我介绍、简要介绍两个方案、表达自己对孰优孰劣的看法。 （二）遣词造句：注意表达的多样性和高级词汇短语的运用，适当运用从句进行连接，增加表达丰富度。 【点睛】范文内容完整、结构清晰、语言得体，善于运用定语从句进行写作，如through which的表达十分精彩，同时运用了许多地道短语，如have a better understanding on, major in, provide us with an opportunity等。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 宝山中学 2025学年第二学期第一次月考 高二年级 英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Before dinner. B. During the meal. C. After dinner. D. Tomorrow evening. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station. C. In a cinema. D. At an airport. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary. C. Doctor and patient. D. Doctor and nurse. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The lecture. B. The heat. C. The workload. D. The air quality. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested. D. Annoyed. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resume. C. Get a job on campus. D. Apply for a job with PICC. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is fearless. B. He is forgetful. C. He is helpful. D. He is thoughtful. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news. C. Reading newspapers. D. Putting up advertisements. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man. C. She doesn’t believe he can do it. D. She will work for the library. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently. C. An assignment of a creative writing course. D. A detective case that was just finished. 12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story. B. She was happy that she finished the story easily. C. She was expected to finish the story in a month. D. She decided to give up the story eventually. 13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first. C. Do work for another course. D. Write everything occurring to her. 14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera. C. Do some research for her writing. D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 15. A. They don’t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students. C. They will take place next week. D. They will no longer exist. 16. A. To inspire young people to practice more. B. To encourage young people to be creative. C. To motivate young people to keep learning. D. To urge young people to start up companies. 17. A. To bring more economic benefits. B. To help students memorize better. C. To change the present education system. D. To develop teachers’ multi-skills. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey. C. Revealing of determination. D. Loss of the social identity. 19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner. C. Lack of sleep. D. Getting impatient. 20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise. B. Providing people with new business. C. Giving people time to think about their life again. D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. Coping With the Sunday Scaries A few years ago, I was in the kitchen of a friend’s house preparing a meal. When we all sat down to eat, my friend’s wife wolfed down her supper and then disappeared into another room to do some work. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Monday mornings around here.” I was surprised at the time. Now, I find myself ____21____(behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I open up my calendar on Sunday evening, a subtle sense of dread comes over me. I feel ____22____ I am behind before the week has even begun. Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Monday-morning blues are not unique to me alone. A new study led by Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that these Sunday scaries were particularly pronounced among people who frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks ____23____ (leave) over from the previous week, and had unreasonably high expectations ____24____ themselves. These matters seem to be made worse as a result of the pandemic, where the rise of working from home ____25____ (blur) the boundaries between work and leisure since then. What should we do about the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have offered some useful suggestions that ____26____ help us make Monday less depressing. One is to change ____27____you think about the weekend. One U.S. study found that when participants ____28____ (ask) to treat their weekend as a mini-vacation, they tended to do more cheerful activities and returned to work on Monday satisfied with their jobs. The second way is to redesign our Monday so that it has some of the features ____29____ make us feel good during the weekend. Introducing simple changes, such as setting up a lunchtime date with ____30____ is enjoyable to be around, could make all the difference. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. crucial B. exploited C. extend D. shifting E. maturity F. overlooked G. measures H. subject I. survival J. extent K. inhabit Deepwater Sharks Are Threatened by Demand for Liver Oil The growing demand for shark liver oil, used in various products like dietary supplements and cosmetics, is endangering deepwater shark species, which ____31____ depths of at least 200 meters below the surface. These sharks, adapted to thriving in the deep ocean, are being targeted due to the high levels of squalene (角鲨烯) found in their livers, which is used in skincare and vaccine production. According to a recent study published in Science, one in seven known shark and rare species face extinction due to overfishing driven by the demand for liver oil and meat. Deepwater species are particularly vulnerable due to their slow growth, late ____32____, and low reproduction rates. With some species taking decades to grow up and only producing one or two pups every few years, they are highly ____33____ to overfishing. As coastal fishing areas run out of fish, fishing efforts are ____34____ further offshore, targeting previously inaccessible deepwater species. The study reveals that a third of the known threatened deep-sea shark and rare species are already being ____35____, with half of the species facing extinction. Conservationists emphasize the need for strong policies based on scientific evidence to protect these deep-sea species. Identifying and safeguarding critical areas such as mating grounds and egg-laying sites are ____36____. Additionally, regulations must be strengthened at national and international levels to ensure trade practices and prevent further decline in shark populations. While previous conservation efforts primarily focused on well-known coastal and oceanic shark species, there is growing recognition of the need to ____37____ protections to deepwater sharks. Efforts under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) should be expanded to include deep-sea species, such as the prickly dogfish, which are often ____38____ but play a vital role in marine ecosystems. Scientists and conservationists hope that raising awareness about the plight (困境) of deepwater sharks will lead to increased conservation efforts and protection ____39____.By dealing with the threats facing these unique and fascinating creatures, we can ensure the ____40____ of deep-sea species for future generations. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “Find your passion!” This inspiring injunction is woven into the fabric of American culture. But is it good advice? “Finding” a passion implies that it already ____41____ and is simply waiting to be discovered. But science tells us that passions are developed. They often begin with a spark of ____42____ about a subject and later, through a process involving repeated engagement, positive experiences and accumulated (累积的) knowledge, people come to value that content or activity and ____43____ it. What was at first interesting becomes an interest. If these qualities continue to ____44____, a passion can emerge. In several studies, we and our colleagues have found that misunderstanding this idea can hold people back, ____45____, our latest research reveals that there are ways to correct course and cultivate a more open, accurate perspective about interest. To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets. In school, conceiving of one’s intellectual abilities as ____46____ can be detrimental, whereas believing one can develop and grow skills supports greater learning. We argue for a separate but ____47____ idea: people who think interests and passions are inherent and relatively ____48____ have a fixed mindset of interest. In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest. The latter comes with many ____49____. A fixed mindset of interest, for example, may inhibit exploration and creativity. In our studies, arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in scientific topics than arts students with a growth mindset — and science students with a fixed mindset had less interest in the arts than those with a growth mindset. We have also found that those with a fixed mindset are less likely than those with a growth mindset to generate novel solutions that ____50____ different disciplines. People with a fixed mindset of interest tend to expect their passions to come ____51____ to them. In one study we sparked people’s interest in a topic that was ____52____ for them — the science of black holes — with a fun, easy-to-understand animated video about Stephen Hawking’s theories. But when we asked our participants to read a technical article on black holes, people with a fixed mindset became frustrated and came to dislike the topic. Those with a growth mindset maintained their newfound interest despite the ____53____. We also believe people can independently foster a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in ____54____ them: indulge your curiosities and don’t expect new pursuits to always be easy or exciting. A growth mindset will help you remain open and curious. The saying “find something you love to do, and you’ll never have to work a day in your life” needs ____55____. If you work at loving what you do, you might become more creative and resilient. 41. A. exists B. happens C. occurs D. remains 42. A. curiosity B. envy C. hope D. memory 43. A. capture B. internalize C. materialize D. realize 44. A. appear B. intensify C. multiply D. repeat 45. A. Fortunately B. Interestingly C. Surprisingly D. Typically 46. A. exchangeable B. fixed C. inferior D. superior 47. A. combined B. conflicted C. related D. twisted 48. A. inconsistent B. independent C. unnoticeable D. unchangeable 49. A. advantages B. challenges C. profits D. setbacks 50. A. integrate B. observe C. reject D. apply 51. A. closely B. easily C. instantly D. gently 52. A. familiar B. hot C. indifferent D. new 53. A. difference B. difficulty C. isolation D. neglect 54. A. developing B. discovering C. preserving D. perceiving 55. A. improving B. modifying C. explaining D. upgrading Section B Directions: Read the following three passages with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence — their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme. Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real. “Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no rewriting of the script and there’s no turning back — this is real life. This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr — played by US actor Ellar Coltrane — from when he was 6 to when he finished high school. One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games. While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary — the power of life itself. 56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT ________. A. how they deal with their studies B. how they help look after brothers or sisters C. how they get along with people of their age D. how much they long to be independent of their parents 57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common? A. They’re intended to win an award for best director. B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves. C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth. D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers. 58. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because ________. A. they can see the truth of life B. they know the characters well C. they are much fond of gossip D. they appreciate stories of daily life 59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Post-00s are different geniuses B. Actors are ordinary characters C. Documentary is real life D. Life is one big story (B) Things you need to know about your STRESS right now After 60 years of research, scientists have determined what provokes stress. There's even a handy acronym: NUTS. N is for Novelty: This is something new you've not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job. U is for Unpredictability: When you don't know how something is going to take shape, as is the case during a trip to the dentist. T is for Threat to the Ego: When your competence is threatened, such as in front of colleagues. We're very sensitive to this. S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation, like being stuck in traffic. It's helpful to identify your sources of stress, because a problem well-defined is a problem almost solved. The opposite of stress is not relaxation---it's resilience. If you tell your brain that you can deal with this, it will stop producing the stress hormone and you will calm down Get on your bike! As various bits of research have shown, cycling will lower your stress levels, whether you're doing a quick errand or committing to a lifetime on two wheels. 15 MINUTES LATER A 2013 study out of Japan showed a marked drop in people's stress levels after they pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike. AN HOUR LATER Researchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway breathed more shallowly an hour later---a sure sign of stress. 18 YEARS LATER After following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems. ①____________ In a 2015 study, researchers subjected 66 teen girls to a stress test. Some of them held their mothers' hands during the test; others had to go it alone. The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively. It's what psychologists refer to as emotional load sharing. ②____________ In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to those patients whose visitors could actually talk back. 60. __________---may suffer the most stress relatively. A. Luna, 19--she has well prepared for her first internship with the help of her mother. B. Tom, 29-his first day of work starts at 9: 00 am, but he's in a traffic jam at 8: 50 am. C. Karol, 39-she finally had her decayed tooth pulled out last Thursday at the dentist's. D. Jenny, 49-her colleagues are planning to give her a farewell party and she's in the dark. 61. Which chart can best illustrate the effect of cycling ? A. B. C. D. 62. Which of the following may best suit the numbered blanks? A. ①Raise your hand! ②Find a volunteer companion! B. ①Raise your hand! ②Get a furry companion! C. ① Hug your family! ② Get furry companion! D. ①Hug your family! ②Find a volunteer companion! (C) In the genetic age, ecologists’ jobs are made much easier by two things. One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome (基因组). The second is that they drop these ID cards everywhere they go. Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where. “Every organism,” of course, includes humans. In a paper published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort. That DNA can be read — and potentially matched with individuals — by anyone with the right equipment. The researchers did not set out to study “inadvertent human genetic bycatch”, as they call the phenomenon. The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease. The researchers sampled water from the turtle’s tanks, as well as from ocean water and beaches upon which the creatures nested, looking for viral DNA. They expected to sweep up DNA from other species during their travel. What was surprising was just how much human DNA they found. Even though many of their sampling sites were not near towns and cities, they found human genetic material in every sample they examined. Interested, they expanded their search. In both Florida and Ireland they found human DNA in rivers. They found it in beach sand, and even in air from rooms where humans had been working. Human DNA is not quite everywhere: it was not detectable in deep ocean water, or on remote beaches closed to the public. But anywhere that humans are, their DNA appears to be as well. In one sense, that is unsurprising. But advances in gene-sequencing meant there was enough information in the samples to deduce (推断) plenty of things about the humans in question. The researchers could pick out males thanks to DNA from the Y chromosome (染色体). They could infer an individual’s ancestry, and even spot mutations (突变) that affect a person’s disease risk. David Duffy, an author of the paper, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons. But they had no doubt it could be done. 63. Which of the following about eDNA is true according to the passage? A. It provides a way to track the migration of animals. B. It allows researchers to restore individual organisms. C. It can be easily collected from all types of environments. D. It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species. 64. In this passage, the word “inadvertent” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “________”. A. familiar B. accidental C. insensitive D. regular 65. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The application of eDNA for identity confirmation has aroused concern. B. As expected, the researchers detected much human eDNA in their search. C. An individual’s gender and ancestry can be confirmed by means of eDNA. D. eDNA is instrumental in upgrading America’s database of missing people. 66. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Unintended Discoveries in Turtle Disease Research B. The Ecological Significance of Environmental DNA C. Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples D. Using Genetic Information to Identify Missing Persons Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Sleep may reduce mistakes in memory, according to a first-of-its kind study led by a scientist at Michigan State University. The findings, which appear in the September issue of the journal Learning & Memory, have practical implications for many people, from students doing multiple-choice tests to elderly people confusing their medicine, says Kimberly Fenn, principal investigator and assistant professor of psychology. Fenn and colleagues from the University of Chicago and Washington University in St Louis studied the presence of incorrect or false memory in groups of college students. ____67____ Study participants were ‘trained’ by being shown or listening to lists of words. Then, twelve hours later, they were shown individual words and asked to identify which words they had seen or heard earlier. ____68____ Another group was trained at night tested twelve hours later in the morning, after about six hours of sleep. Three experiments were conducted. In each experiment, the results showed that students who had slept did not have as many problems with false memory and chose fewer incorrect words. ____69____ The answer isn’t known, Fenn said, but she suspects it may be due to sleep strengthening the source of the memory. The source, or context in which the information is acquired, is a vital element of the memory process. ____70____ Or perhaps the people who didn’t sleep as much during the study received so much other information during the day that this affected their memory ability, Fenn said. A. Why does inadequate sleep weaken the source of memory? B. While previous research has shown that sleep improves memory, this study is the first one that looks at errors in memory. C. Therefore, sleep may serve as an important source of memory. D. One group of students was trained at 10 a.m. and tested at 10 p.m. after the course of a normal sleepless day. E. In other words, it may be easier to remember something if you can also remember where you first heard or saw it. F. How does sleep help? IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is changing. Compared to extended families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents. The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents. It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life . Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers, which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents. However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children, which adds a financial burden to them. Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work overtime. Communities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 72. 应专家的要求，社会呼吁青少年减少使用电子设备。（call）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 73. 据报道，地震灾区的居民已被紧急疏散，但仍有至少十名孩子被埋在倒塌的教学楼里。(bury) （汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 74. 由于这个供应商被指控给顾客提供虚假信息，总公司安排他采购新的原材料。(charge, arrange) （汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 75. 这位雄心勃勃的候选人接连收到了几个公司的拒绝信，最后只好接受了一份与专业毫无关系的工作。(end v.) （汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 76. 有消息传来，这项环保运动受到了社会各界的广泛赞扬，这让他更加下定决心推动可持续发展。(greet) （汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 77. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你校准备为高三学生开展一次普及上海历史知识的活动，现有两个方案征求大家意见: 1.学校组织学生集体驱车前往上海市历史博物馆(Shanghai History Museum)，现场参观并聆听专业讲解员(professional museum guide)介绍上海历史，共计五小时； 2.学校邀请某知名大学历史教授到校以“上海历史”为主题做讲座，共计两小时。 请你以李华的名义向王校长写一封信，在信中谈谈你更偏向哪个方案，并说明理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $One listening comprehension section, a directions in section, you will hit ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answer on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, would you mind if we discuss tomorrow's schedule before dinner this evening? I certainly don't want to talk about IT during . our meal question. When will the two speakers discuss the schedule? Two, check in here. Yes, can I see . your flight ticket? Please . question, where does the conversation most probably take place? Three, I couldn't stand this morning. My right leg went hard. I'm afraid it's . probably a side effect from the drugs I purchase. On . question, what is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? Or is IT true that all of them survive the fire last night? Yes, a miracle isn't IT. There was a couple on the second floor and two women and three kids on the ground floor, but no one . was badly hard. How many people were causing . the fire? Five, it's so hot today, I can't work. I wish the ahead conditioning were wrong in this library. So do I. I fall asleep if I don't get out of this airless room soon. Question, what is the cause of their complaint? Six, you seem . to have been . restless the whole day today. Whats up? Later in the afternoon, they will announce who will get permission for the study trip to africa. Question, how does the woman probably fail? Seven, I heard that P, I, C, C is going to hold interviews on campus next week. Yeah, what day? I'd like to talk to them and drop my resume. Question. what does . the man intend to do? Eight. I will never go . with Billy gain. He could never remember where he parked his car. That certainly sounds like . bill question. What do we . know about bill from the conversation? Nine, would you pass me the sport section please? sure. If you . give me the classified ads and local news . section question, what are the two speakers doing? Ten, my grades are not bad, but not good enough. I know I didn't study at all this semester. Now I have to work very hard next semester to keep my scholarship. I'll see you . in the library. then. Won't does the . woman mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear one longer conversion, two short passages. After reach conversation passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passengers will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through fourteen are based on the following conversation. I am so relieved. I just finished the story I was working on for our creative writing course. I haven't quite finished mine yet. I had trouble getting past the beginning. How come? Well, I was really happy to be writing a detective story. But after the first few pages, I sort of froze up. Mentally, I just couldn't write anymore. The same thing happened to me. I thought my lack imagination. Well, professor Wilson said, it's pretty common for writers to get stuck like that. You went to talk to her about IT. Actually, I went to ask for more time to finish the assignment. But instead he gave me some advice about how to pull myself out of the situation like that, SHE said. The first thing I should do is just right. Anything that comes into my head, even if IT doesn't make any sense, sort of wmap exercise that is interesting. When I got stuck, I shifted to something else. You know, do some work for one of my other courses. Well, her methods seem to have worked for me. I've written most of the story and should be able to hand IT in on time. But first I need to go to the jewelry store. You're going shopping. Can't you wait until you finish your story? I am going there for my story. My detective shows a jewelry store robbery, so I want to take a look at how the jewelry cases are arranged. Well, the security cameras are located. That sort of thing. No, listen, game, please. I am so relieved. I just finished the story I was working on for our creative writing calls. I haven't quite finished mine yet. I have trouble getting past . the beginning. How come? Well, I was really happy to be writing a detective story. But after the first few pages, I sort of froze up. Mentally, I just couldn't write anymore. The same thing happened to me. My vote menti lack imagination. Well, professor Wilson said, it's pretty common for writers to get stuck like that. You went to talk to her about IT. Actually, I went to ask for more time to finish the assignment, but instead he gave me some advice about how to pull myself out of the situation like that, SHE said. The first thing I should do is just right, anything that comes into my head, even if IT doesn't make any sense, sort of warmer exercise that is . interesting. When I got stuck, I shift IT to something else. You know, do some work for one of my other courses. Well, her methods seem to have worked for me. I've written most of the story and should be able to hand IT in on time. But first I need to go to the jewelry store. You're going shopping. Can't you wait until you finish your story? I am going there for my story. My detective shows a jewelry store robbery. So I want to take a look at how the jewelry cases are arranged, where the security cameras are located, that sort of thing. Eleven, what are the two speakers talking about? Twelve war can be learned about the woman. Fourteen . wanted professor . Wilson advise the woman to do. Fourteen. what is the . woman going to do in the jury store? Questions fifteen through seventeen are based on the following passage. Thailand's annual university admissions tests are taking place this week. Tens of thousands of students are trying to give the right answers to math and language questions. High scores permit students to enter the top schools. However, these tests will not be in place for much longer. The current examinations require that students memorized facts in high school classes. They do not test critical thinking or creative problem solving abilities. The ministry of education wants to encourage Young people to innovate, so IT will begin a new selection process for university students. They hope that their schools will start to accept people with new business ideas, the ministry's deputy director for higher education told VOA. The new exam system will look for people interested in invention or starting businesses, SHE said. The ministry hopes new admissions policies will reshape the twelve year public education system, SHE said. IT should not focus only on memorization of facts, but also on the growth of other skills. Now listen game, please. Thailand's annual . university admissions tests are taking place this week. Tens of thousands of students are trying to give the right answers to math and language questions. High schools permit students to enter the top schools. However, these tests will not be in place for much longer. The current examinations require that students memorized facts in high school classes. They do not test critical thinking or creative problem solving abilities. The ministry of education wants to encourage you on people to innovate, so IT will begin a new selection process for university students. They hope the best schools will start to accept people with new business ideas, the ministry's deputy director for higher education told VOA. The new exam system will look for people interested in invention or starting businesses, SHE said. The ministry hopes new admissions policies will reshape the twelve year public education system. SHE said. IT should not focus only on memorization of facts. but also on the . growth . of other skills. Kinston fifteen, what can we learn about thailand's current university admissions tests? Sixteen. what is the ministry . of educations intention to have a new exam system? Seventeen. what is the expected . impact to be brought by the new admissions policies? Christians, eighteen through twenty, are based on the following passage, because more and more people lose their jobs. Now is the time to consider the experience of unemployment water. The first feelings while losing a job, not being able to find one, almost always brings unwelcome changes, as well as the loss of income. Many people find the whole routine of that life is destroyed. Their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions, broken, their identity as a work are removed. At first, there may be good feelings too, but new and Better job is just around the corner. IT is nice to be able to line in bed in the morning, will spend more time with the children, but unless a Better job does turn up, the chances are the day start getting longer and time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel ill, temper and pressed, often isolated and lonely. Despite all these problems, though, unemployment can be a fresh start. You can discover that IT provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get IT. You can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new scale, develop your hobbies, or see if you can run your own business. Now listen again, please. is more and more . people lose their jobs. Now is perhaps the time to consider the experience of unemployment. What are the first feelings? While losing a job or not being able to find one almost always brings unwelcome changes. As well as the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is destroyed. Their contact, other people reduced their ambitions, broken their identity as a worker removed at first, there may be good feelings too, but you and Better job is just around the corner. IT is nice to be able to line in bed in the morning, will spend more time with the children, but unless a Better job does turn up, the chances are the day start getting longer and time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel ill, temper and depressed, often isolated and lonely. Despite all these problems, though, unemployment can be a fresh start, you can discover that IT provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get IT. You can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new scale, develop your hobbies, or see if you can run your own business. Questions eighteen, what negative change may unemployment bring to people? Nineteen. what is not the probable reaction . when people cannot find a job for a long time? Twenty, in what way does unemployment do good to people?