选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 The world meets China（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 以不同题材语篇为载体，系统整合细节理解、推理判断等题型解题方法，构建“题型-技巧-素养”三维训练逻辑，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇（4题/篇）|细节题定位原文信息，推理题基于文本逻辑推断，词义题结合上下文语境，标题题概括语篇主旨|科技、文化、心理题材与不同题型结合，从信息获取到深层理解，培养语言理解与思维分析能力| |七选五|1篇（5题）|通过上下文逻辑关系（如递进、因果）及词汇呼应（如指代、同义）补全语篇|语篇结构分析与逻辑衔接词运用，提升语言表达连贯性与学习策略应用能力|

[对应知能达标训练P563] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，七选五每题2.5分，本试卷共42.5分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·山东济宁二模) Numerous industries produce larger quantities of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic substances and inorganic salts.Discharging the wastewater to the environment is harmful to the ecosystem and human health.However，the high salt content in the wastewater poses serious challenges for existing treatment processes.Researchers at Rice University，in partnership with Guangdong University of Technology，have developed a groundbreaking method for it—adopting dialysis (透析) technology commonly used in medicine. The researchers selected commercial ultrafiltration membranes (超滤膜) which were designed to let salt pass through while trapping organic substances.They set up a system where salty wastewater and fresh water flowed in opposite directions on either side of a special membrane，without needing pumps.Due to the difference of salt concentrations between wastewater and fresh water，salt naturally moves into the fresh water while organic substances are kept back.To test this，they compared the amount of organic material and salt in the wastewater before and after treatment.The results showed the system could effectively remove salt without using extra amounts of fresh water. One significant advantage of dialysis is its resistance to fouling(积垢).Unlike pressure-driven systems，dialysis experienced notably less build-up of organic materials on the membrane because it doesn't rely on extra pressure.“This could translate to lower energy consumption，less maintenance，and fewer membrane replacements，” said Elimelech，a researcher on the study. Additionally，with suitable membranes，dialysis can be tailored to separate various organics，enabling the selective recovery of valuable resources from the wastewater.In this way，dialysis creates opportunities for transforming wastewater treatment plants into resource recovery factories，aligning the principles of a recycling economy. Overall，while dialysis alone doesn't fully purify wastewater，it can transform the high-salinity organic wastewater stream into a low-salinity organic wastewater stream that can be readily treated by conventional methods，which revolutionizes the treatment of some of the most challenging industrial wastewater. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莱斯大学和广东工业大学的研究人员合作开发了一种开创性的处理高盐有机废水的方法——采用医学上常用的透析技术，并阐述了该方法的原理、优势以及对废水处理的重要意义。 1．What is the major challenge faced by current wastewater treatment? A．The lack of sufficient treatment devices. B．The high salt percentage in wastewater. C．The substantial volumes of wastewater. D．The considerable cost of treatment processes. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，the high salt content in the wastewater poses serious challenges for existing treatment processes.”可知，当前废水处理面临的主要挑战是废水中的高盐含量。 答案　B 2．What can be learned about the process of dialysing wastewater? A．The membrane transformed salt into organics. B．The extra pressure contributed to salt transport. C．The concentration difference played the key role. D．Liquids on both sides flowed in the same direction. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They set up a system...kept back.”可知，在这个系统中，含盐废水和淡水在一个特殊的膜的两侧向相反的方向流动，不需要泵。由于废水和淡水之间盐浓度的差异，盐会自然地进入淡水中，而有机物则被保留下来。故可推断出，在处理废水的透析过程中，浓度差起到了关键作用。 答案　C 3．What does the underlined word “aligning” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Matching. B．Establishing. C．Adjusting. D．Challenging. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词前面的内容可知，使用合适的膜，透析可以定制以分离各种有机物，从而能够从废水中选择性地回收有价值的资源。通过这种方式，透析为将废水处理厂转变为资源回收工厂创造了机会。所以可确定这与循环经济的原则相一致。 答案　A 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title? A．Dialysis: A Pioneering Blessing for Medicine B．Membranes: A Protective Screen for Fresh Water C．Dialysis: A New Pathway for Wastewater Treatment D．High-Salinity Wastewater: A Threat to the Environment 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Researchers at Rice University...in medicine.”可知，莱斯大学的研究人员与广东工业大学合作，开发了一种开创性的方法——采用医学上常用的透析，再结合下文对该方法的介绍可知，本文主要讲的是透析技术为废水处理提供了一条新途径。 答案　C B (2025·安徽六校入学考试)A handshake seems to be a normal gesture.In fact，in the 9th century BC，an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands.Centuries later，Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It.Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time. Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books have noted that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century，when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends.But if Shakespeare was writing about handshaking hundreds of years earlier，what happened? According to author Torbjörn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake.The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace.Shakespeare was similarly referencing the settlement of a conflict. The modern handshakes a form of greeting is harder to trace.As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority for the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture，“More than in any other field，that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues”． As the centuries progressed，handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级制度的) ways of greeting—like bowing.Handshaking survived in a few remote places，like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements.Around the same time，those who valued equality also made use of handshaking.Then，as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。 5．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first paragraph? A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find. B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom. C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction. D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication. 解析　推理判断题。第一段提到的“莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写了两个人物握手并发誓成为兄弟”与其前的“在一个古代遗址中有两个人物在握手”为并列关系，作者通过这两个例子证明“Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time.”，故选B。 答案　B 6．What can we learn about handshaking from the passage? A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace. B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in the Netherlands. C.It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement. D．It is common practice between people of different social positions. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Historians...have noted that the modern handshake did not appear...it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends.”可知，研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种略微不恰当的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。再由第三段中的“The early handshakes...making deals or peace.”可知，早期的握手是达成协议或和解的一部分，故选C。 答案　C 7．Which of the following is similar in meaning to “anthology” in para.4? A．The science of mental ability. B．A collection of selected literary passages. C．A daily written record of experiences. D．All the living things of a particular region. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，一位荷兰社会学家在名为《手势的文化史》这一anthology中的一个章节写道“‘More than in any other field...make the most of only a few clues”，故画线词指的是这位荷兰社会学家所撰写的某一本书或文集，故选B。 答案　B 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands. B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries. C．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions. D．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today”可推知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，是因为等级制度的影响越来越弱，故选D。 答案　D C (2025·江西南昌高三模拟)What if everything happens for a reason？It's a theory that we've all heard more than once.And in many ways，burnt toast theory can be seen as a modern take on this classic idea，implying that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason. We've all been there.Say you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work.According to burnt toast theory，this single，tiny inconvenience is enough to have a domino effect(多米诺效应).Your morning is then pushed back by what maybe three to five minutes.Perhaps that is enough time to leave the house a little bit later than usual，and to avoid getting in a car accident.Or it might mean you end up getting a later train，and avoid bumping into someone who you'd really rather avoid. In other words，burnt toast theory is a reminder to shift your thinking pattern.When we choose to view the world in a more positive light，we can help to reduce feelings of anxiety，and release our fear of being out of control of the world around us.It prevents us from thinking over something that isn't really all that bad in the grand perspective of things and encourages us to make meaning of challenges we may experience，thus making us more adaptive to the future setbacks.Next time you feel yourself becoming annoyed or frustrated by an inconvenience in your life，try reshaping your thoughts by telling yourself why you're grateful for the inconvenience. While maintaining a positive mindset can go a long way，burnt toast theory is not without its drawbacks.Be mindful that only allowing yourself to focus on positive thoughts can mean that you are denying yourself the chance to properly engage with challenging or difficult emotions，instead focusing on creating a false positive profile. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了烤焦面包理论，即日常“小不便”背后可能有更大的积极原因，能通过多米诺效应带来好结果。该理论能帮助培养积极的思维模式、减少焦虑。但该理论也有潜在弊端，过度关注积极面可能导致忽视与困难情绪的接触。 9．What may be a case of the burnt toast theory? A．Gaining rewards after paying efforts. B．Losing a job after forgetting to set an alarm. C．Meeting a future employer after missing a flight. D．Mending friendship after clearing misunderstandings. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，烤焦面包也许会导致你离家比平时稍微晚些，因此避开了车祸，或者这可能意味着你最终会乘坐更晚的火车，并且避免碰到一个你真的很想避开的人。所以烤焦面包理论指“小不便”引发连锁的积极效应。结合选项可知C项内容属于该理论的一个例子。 答案　C 10．What is the result of applying the burnt toast theory according to paragraph 3? A．Better judgement on fears. B．Richer experience from failures. C．The removal of daily inconveniences. D．The harvest of a positive mindset. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，烤焦面包理论提醒我们改变思维模式。当我们选择以更积极的眼光看待世界时，我们可以减少焦虑感，并释放我们对周围世界失去控制的恐惧。它防止我们去过度思考那些从宏观角度看实际上并不是那么糟糕的事情，并鼓励我们从可能经历的挑战中寻找意义，从而使我们对未来的挫折更具适应性。所以这一段主要是对烤焦面包理论积极作用的具体解释，也就是能促使人们形成积极的思维模式。D项中的positive mindset与文中的 “view the world in a more positive light”是同义表达。 答案　D 11．Which aspect of the theory does the last paragraph focus on? A．Would-be projects. B．Real-world applications. C．Potential weaknesses. D．Practical advantages. 解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段内容尤其是其中的 “While maintaining a positive mindset can go a long way，burnt toast theory is not without its drawbacks.”可知，烤焦面包理论是有缺点的，只允许自己专注于积极的想法可能意味着你在拒绝自己妥善处理具有挑战性或困难情绪的机会。所以该段主要在说该理论的缺点。 答案　C 12．What is probably the best title of the text? A．Less Is More B．When Life Gives You Lemons，Make Lemonade C．Once Bitten，Twice Shy D．Better Late than Never 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍烤焦面包理论，它提醒人们在遇到不好的事情时要转变为积极的思维模式看待问题，以便于减少焦虑感等，B项“当生活给你柠檬时，就做成柠檬水”，常用来鼓励人们在面对困难或逆境时，要积极乐观，善于将不利的情况转化为有利的结果，所以B项最能概括本文主旨。 答案　B Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·江苏南通二模) How to appreciate a classic Classics are often seen as books read by literature majors or intellectuals.They carry a certain air of snobbery (势利) in them.__13__ The classics and I began as acquaintances，eventually to friends，and then to close confidantes (密友) with private jokes between us.So how does one approach a classic? Find your classic (era).The term classic applies to a wide range of books across a long period of time.__14__ Not every classic is as thick as Tolstoy's Anna Karenina.There are genres within the classic selection of a bookstore.By finding your era，you can find something that may appeal to you. Read slow and get immersed (沉浸的).Classics aren't written in our modern tongue.It is written with every mark of the period it was published.As challenging as it may be，I suggest reading your first classic slow.__15__ It's like immersing yourself in a different world.It would take a few interactions to get the hang of it，but you do get it eventually. __16__ Once immersed，you rather get the hang of the language，and it is best to read another one.Maybe read a book from the same author.In this way，the next book becomes easier to read.The ease in the language and the context is reward itself and may motivate you to read more classics. Try again.If the first classic you got was a miss，find another one.You can even start with thinner books like Peter Pan or a children's classic such as Alice in Wonderland or even Anne of Green Gables.Don't jump from “I don't read classics” to “The Brother Karamazov” all too sudden.__17__ A．Learn more about the author. B．Reading classics requires pacing. C．Follow through with another classic. D．My love for classics was a gradual affair. E．Allow the book and the language to grow with you. F．It's wrong to assume that all classics are created equal. G．You should treat classics like vegetables and eat them quickly. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何循序渐进地培养阅读经典文学作品的习惯。 13．解析　空前提出很多人认为只有一部分人读经典作品，空后描述作者与经典作品的关系的发展过程。D项(我对经典的爱是逐渐形成的)中的gradual呼应下文“acquaintances →friends→close confidantes”的发展过程，故选D。 答案　D 14．解析　空前强调了经典书籍的多样性。空后提到不是所有经典都像《安娜·卡列尼娜》那么厚。F项(认为所有经典都一样是错误的)指出了错误看法，为下文“有不同类型”和“找到适合你的时代”做铺垫。故选F。 答案　F 15．解析　第三段建议慢读并且沉浸在经典中。E项(让书籍和语言与你共同成长)介绍了沉浸式阅读的核心——逐渐适应经典的语言风格，与下文“几次互动后掌握门道(get the hang of it)”对应。故选E。 答案　E 16．解析　设空处在段首，考虑段落主旨句。根据其他主旨句句式判断，同为祈使句的A、C、E项为目标选项。根据下文的“read another one”判断C项符合题意。故选C。 答案　C 17．解析　最后一段强调循序渐进。B项(阅读经典需要控制节奏)既回应“从薄一点的书开始”的策略，又反对“突然挑战高难度”的做法。故选B。 答案　B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $