选择性必修第三册 Unit 5 Learning from nature（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语一轮复习，以阅读理解（A/B/C篇）和七选五为载体，通过典例解析系统提炼细节理解、推理判断等题型方法，强化语言能力与思维品质的综合训练。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A|4题（河北考前预测模拟）|细节理解题定位原文、推理判断题上下文逻辑分析|从具体信息到深层含义的理解递进| |阅读理解B|4题（四川成都树德中学三模）|段落大意题主旨归纳、标题归纳法|生物启发科技文的说明方法应用| |阅读理解C|4题（山东潍坊一模）|词义猜测题语境推断、推理判断题观点提炼|农业生物多样性的问题-措施逻辑链| |七选五|5题（浙江温州二模）|上下文衔接逻辑、段落主旨匹配|议论文的观点-解释-总结结构|

[对应知能达标训练P549] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，七选五每题2.5分，本试卷共42.5分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·河北考前预测模拟)Cleaning the kitchen floor the other day，I disturbed a big spider (蜘蛛) sitting by the skirting board.On this occasion，I cleaned around it，hoping it might move out in its own time.What I should have done was to drive it off，using the glass-and-paper technique that also works well for confused bees. When it comes to inspiring fear，spiders equal snakes with even less reason.Inborn or learned—the point where a phobia (恐惧症) about spiders begins has provided materials for countless scientific papers，without ever reaching a firm conclusion.But no such animal has inspired such a rich amount of fiction，from the spider character of A True Story by Lucian of Samosata，regarded as the earliest known work of science fiction，to Charlotte，the heroine of E．B.White's book Charlotte's Web. Early descriptions of spiders tend to be sympathetic: Roman poet Ovid's account of Arachne，the skillful weaver (织布工) changed into a spider，suggests the poet's own sad situation.Spiders appear as kind creatures in many texts—they offer shelters from enemies. But the story of Robert the Bruce and the never-give-up spider，widely spread in the 19th century by Walter Scott，was somewhat unusual in an era when the image of spiders went into a sharp decline.From Thomas Hardy's Sue Bridehead，who spends a night in a cupboard full of webs，to other tales referring to spiders，it is a step towards seeing spiders as a symbol of horror.Even such engaging characters as Charlotte have failed to restore the reputation of spiders. For 30 years，London Zoo has been doing its best to change the public's mind with its Friendly Spider Programme.This year's sessions are fully booked，but while waiting for dates in 2025，those who are afraid of the seasonal appearance of spiders might follow the example of Laurence Sterne's Uncle Toby.Troubled by an annoying fly，he directs it out of a window，saying，“This world surely is wide enough to hold both you and me.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述的是作者在打扫厨房时发现了一只蜘蛛，进而从文学作品的角度阐述了蜘蛛形象的重大变化，最后呼吁人们以包容的态度对待蜘蛛。 1．Why did the author choose to ignore the spider? A．It's likely to hurt her. B．It made her frightened. C．It's hard to drive it off. D．It would move out soon. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“On this occasion，I...hoping it might move out in its own time.What I should have done was to drive it off，using the glass-and-paper technique that also works well for confused bees.”可知，由于害怕蜘蛛，作者没有把它赶出去，而是选择忽视它，期望它能自己出去。故选D。 答案　D 2．What does the author say about spider-phobia? A．It proves to be inborn. B．Its origins are under study. C．It gives writers inspiration. D．Its impact is a scientific focus. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When it comes to inspiring fear，...has provided materials for countless scientific papers，without ever reaching a firm conclusion.”可知，无论蜘蛛恐惧症是天生的还是后天习得的，其起源为无数科学论文提供了素材，但始终没有定论。这意味着蜘蛛恐惧症的起源仍在研究中。故选B。 答案　B 3．How was the image of spiders changed in literature? A．From likeable to negative. B．From fearful to engaging. C．From friendly to harmful. D．From unknown to popular. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But the story of Robert the Bruce and the never-give-up spider...From Thomas Hardy's Sue Bridehead，who spends a night in a cupboard full of webs，to other tales referring to spiders，it is a step towards seeing spiders as a symbol of horror.”可知，后来的文学作品中，蜘蛛转变成了恐怖的象征。因此文学作品中蜘蛛形象的重大变化是由可爱变成负面的。故选A。 答案　A 4．How should we treat spiders according to the last paragraph? A．Stop showing fear of them. B．Attend activities to protect them. C．Direct them out of the building. D．Turn open and tolerant of them. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Troubled by an annoying fly，he directs it out of a window，saying，‘This world surely is wide enough to hold both you and me.’”可知，此处作者通过Uncle Toby对待苍蝇的态度给害怕蜘蛛的人提出了建议，即作者鼓励人们用开放、包容的态度对待蜘蛛。故选D。 答案　D B (2025·四川成都树德中学三模)The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical—but it's a real ability that some creatures have.A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric，and have special organs that can locate a nearby target，even when it's hiding in the mud.Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modeled on the ability of these fish. “We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin，bio-inspired by ‘electric fish’，” says Dr.Xinge Yu，an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong.The team described their e-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature. The artificial sensor is multi-layered.One layer acts as a transmitter，which will generate an electric field once activated，and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object.A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter.When an object comes within range，the electric field around the sensor is disturbed，which in turn can be detected by the receiver.This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit，which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices. A special biogel(生物凝胶) is used in the sensor，which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of micro channels on the surface.The end result is a sensor that is thin，soft and flexible，making it easy to adapt to irregular surfaces，such as the human body.In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning，the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors.This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection，transmission，and processing. The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies，including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin，flexible e-skin. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受非洲鱼能在不看到或触摸到物体的情况下定位附近目标的能力启发，科学家研发出了一种人造传感器系统，介绍了该传感器系统的工作原理、优势以及应用前景。 5．Why does the author mention African fish in the first paragraph? A．To explain the reason for developing a sensor. B．To illustrate the inspiration for a new invention. C．To demonstrate the special ability of African fish. D．To emphasize the big challenge of locating objects. 解析　推理判断题。 第一段先介绍非洲象鼻鱼(Mormyrids)具有 “不依赖视觉或触觉就能探测附近物体” 的特殊能力，随后明确指出：“Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modeled on the ability of these fish.”。这一逻辑链清晰表明，提及非洲象鼻鱼是为了引出其能力对人工传感器的启发。B项中“the inspiration for a new invention”对“developed an artificial sensor system modeled on the ability of these fish”进行了同义转述。 答案　B 6．What is the correct order of the system's working procedures? a．The transmitter creates an electric field. b．A unit computes the position of the target. c．The controller sends the activating signal. d．The receiver detects the change of electric signals. e．The electric field is disturbed by an approaching object. A．c－a－e－d－b. B．c－a－d－e－b. C．a－c－e－d－b. D．a－e－c－d－b. 解析　细节理解题。文章第三段总述了传感器系统的工作程序，梳理步骤顺序如下：1.控制器发送激活信号(c)→2.发射器产生电场(a)→3.靠近的物体干扰电场(e)→4.接收器检测信号变化(d)→5.单元计算目标位置(b)。 答案　A 7．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Advantages of the new biogel sensor. B．Process of making the biogel sensor. C．Limitations of traditional sensors in 3D space. D．Applications of the new sensor on human body. 解析　段落大意题。通读本段可知，这段主要讲了新传感器使用的材料、自身特点，以及相比传统传感器的优势，故A项“新生物凝胶传感器的优点”符合段落主旨。 答案　A 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-Skin B．Bio-Inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching C．E-Skin Sensor: The Future of Machine Learning D．Electric Fields: The Frontier of Object Detection 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了受非洲鱼启发而研发的一种无须接触就能感知物体的人工传感器，以及其原理、优势和应用前景等，故选项B“受生物启发的传感器无须触摸就能‘感知’”为最佳标题。 答案　B C (2026·山东潍坊一模) Imagine a world where food security relies on just a few crops.This is not fiction but our current path.Agricultural biodiversity—the lifeblood of our ecosystems—is collapsing due to climate change，habitat destruction，and industrial farming.Over 75% of plant genetic diversity has disappeared in a century，with just nine species now dominating global crop production.Such reliance on a narrow set of crops leaves food systems open to pests，diseases，and climate extremes. Genetic diversity acts as a natural barrier against environmental changes.Different crop varieties respond differently to stressors，providing farmers with options to manage risks.When one crop fails，others can compensate，helping to safeguard harvests and livelihoods.However，as the diversity on our farms drops，farmers have fewer tools to adapt to the growing challenge brought on by environmental change. The fall brings numerous consequences，and human health suffers as well.Global diets now center on energy-rich but nutrient-poor food，resulting in diet-related deaths.And reduced access to diverse fruits and vegetables worsens malnutrition(营养不良) globally. Turning the trend around requires a multi-aspect approach that combines conservation，sustainable farming practices，and scientific innovation.Central to these efforts is the conservation of genetic resources—the seeds，genes，and living organisms that sustain our food systems.The global genebank network developed by CGIAR conserves over 700，000 accessions of more than 3，000 locally important and less well-known plant species.Sending samples out to thousands of requesters worldwide every year，it brings diversity back into communities，fields，and landscapes.We ourselves also need to bring biodiversity back into our fields.Agroecological practices，such as intercropping and agroforestry，capitalize on the power of biodiversity to enhance soil health，control pests，and improve water use efficiency. Biodiversity is our insurance against environmental uncertainty.But like any insurance，it only works if we maintain it.Today's choices determine tomorrow's food recovery capacity.By boosting conservation and innovation，we can safeguard the genetic foundation of our survival.The seeds of the future are in our hands—let them thrive. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当前全球粮食系统对少数作物的过度依赖及其风险，并提出了保护与恢复生物多样性的方案。 9．What is discussed regarding global agriculture? A．The decline of agricultural biodiversity. B．The mismatch between food supply and demand. C．The lack of advanced agricultural technology. D．The overuse of chemical fertilizers in farming. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Agricultural biodiversity—the lifeblood of our ecosystems—is collapsing due to climate change，habitat destruction，and industrial farming.Over 75% of plant genetic diversity has disappeared in a century，with just nine species now dominating global crop production.”可知，文章讨论的是农业生物多样性的下降。故选A。 答案　A 10．What does the underlined word “compensate” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Suffer from the risk. B．Speed up the recovery. C．Make up for the loss. D．Increase the diversity. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Genetic diversity acts as a natural barrier against environmental changes.Different crop varieties respond differently to stressors，providing farmers with options to manage risks.”可知，不同的农作物对压力的抵抗有差异，为农民提供保障。画线词所在句表明当一种作物歉收时，其他作物可以compensate，从而保障收成和生计。结合上文不同作物抗压的差异可以推出，它们形成了互补关系。由此推断，画线词的意思是“弥补，补偿”。故选C。 答案　C 11．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The role of CGIAR. B．Impacts of farming practices. C．Measures to increase biodiversity. D．The importance of genetic diversity. 解析　段落大意题。第四段首句“Turning the trend around requires a multi-aspect approach that combines conservation，sustainable farming practices，and scientific innovation.”表明扭转农业生物多样性下降的趋势需要多方面的方法，将保护、可持续农业实践和科学创新结合起来。后文具体介绍了全球基因库网络以及农业生态实践。因此，第四段主要介绍了增加生物多样性的措施。故选C。 答案　C 12．What does the author agree with? A．Immediate human action is vital. B．Future global food supply is assured. C．Buying insurance for crops is a must. D．Traditional genetic seeds are hard to survive. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Today's choices determine tomorrow's food recovery capacity.”以及“The seeds of the future are in our hands—let them thrive.”可知，作者认为当下的选择十分重要并发出了行动号召。因此，作者会认同人类立即采取行动至关重要的观点。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·浙江温州二模)The less you spend，the more you save.It sounds simple in theory，but in practice，it's much more complicated.Spending is built into our daily habits，which sometimes can get us addicted to buying stuff.__13__ It's kind of like a crash diet，but in a good way! __14__ Despite the name，a no-spend challenge doesn't mean you sit on your hands and spend no money whatsoever.After all，you don't want to fall behind on your bills，and there are some necessities you simply can't do without.The basic premise (前提) of a no-spend challenge is to cut out non-essential spending for a certain amount of time.It could be for a week，a month or even an entire year. What can you spend money on during a no-spend challenge? If you need to purchase something during your no-spend challenge，it should be something that's necessary and you absolutely can't do without.So groceries，yes.Candy bars in the checkout line，no.Also，no new iPhone，even if you've been dreaming about an upgrade.No new shoes，even if they're on a huge sale.This is not the time to make excuses to buy stuff you don't really need.__15__ The goal of this challenge isn't to make life harder on yourself by cutting out spending on essential items. The financial benefits of a no-spend challenge __16__ You can use the extra money you normally would have spent to build up your emergency fund.Or you might want to put the money toward other financial goals，like saving for a new car or an upcoming vacation. While no-spend challenges are designed to be temporary，you can always extend your challenge.__17__ A．Decide acceptable purchases. B．What is a no-spend challenge? C．There should be no quick-fix approach. D．When will you start your no-spend challenge? E．Why not treat it as more of a lifestyle change? F．Sometimes the best way is to go on a spending freeze. G．A no-spend challenge can be a boost to your financial situation. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为no-spend challenge(无消费挑战)的省钱方法，阐述了它的基本概念、消费规则以及财务上的好处。 13．解析　上文提到我们有时沉迷于购物，下文用crash diet(速效节食减肥法)作比喻，说明需要一种快速、强效的方法来遏制消费冲动。F项(有时最好的方法是停止消费)回应了上文消费成瘾的问题，与下文的“速效节食减肥法”对应。故选F。 答案　F 14．解析　第二段解释了无消费挑战。选项B(什么是无消费挑战？)作为段落标题，能够引出对该概念的详细解释。故选B。 答案　B 15．解析　上文强调不能买非必需品，下文提到不必削减必要开支。选项A(决定可购买的东西)总结了上文，明确了挑战的消费规则。故选A。 答案　A 16．解析　小标题下的第一句话通常是对小标题的解释。空后提到省下的钱可用于应急或其他财务目标，说明了无消费挑战带来的好处。G项(无消费挑战能改善财务状况)解释了小标题中的financial benefits，并与下文形成总分关系。故选G。 答案　G 17．解析　上文提到挑战可延长。E项(为何不将其更多地视为一种生活方式的改变呢？)提出把短期挑战变为长期习惯，与“延长挑战”逻辑一致。故选E。 答案　E 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $